Cambridge Lower Secondary English: Skills Breakdown (Stages 7–9)
Stage 7 (Age ~11–12)
Reading
• Identify main ideas and supporting details in a text
• Understand explicit and implicit meaning
• Recognize genre features (e.g. fiction, news articles, diary entries)
• Make inferences and predictions
• Comment on language features (adjectives, imagery, tone)
Writing
• Write clear sentences and paragraphs
• Structure texts using openings, development, and conclusions
• Use a variety of sentence types and punctuation
• Begin using descriptive devices (similes, sensory details)
• Plan, draft, revise and edit their own work
Grammar and Vocabulary
• Use correct verb tenses
• Understand noun types, adjectives, adverbs
• Expand vocabulary and learn synonyms/antonyms
• Identify subject–verb agreement
Speaking and Listening
• Speak clearly for different purposes (describing, explaining, storytelling)
• Listen and respond appropriately
• Begin using formal/informal registers
Stage 8 (Age ~12–13)
Reading
• Analyze how writers use language for effect
• Compare texts (e.g. two news reports)
• Understand viewpoint and purpose
• Identify bias and persuasive techniques
• Explore theme, character, setting in longer texts
Writing
• Write for different purposes and audiences: descriptive writing, narrative stories,
reports, persuasive letters
• Use cohesive devices (e.g. however, furthermore)
• Vary tone and style
• Edit for impact and clarity
Grammar and Vocabulary
• Use more complex sentence structures
• Apply correct punctuation in complex sentences
• Recognize and use passive voice
• Learn and apply figurative language (metaphors, personification)
Speaking and Listening
• Prepare and deliver short talks or presentations
• Respond to questions and discussion prompts
• Use language appropriate to formal/informal situations
Stage 9 (Age ~13–14) – Checkpoint Year
Reading
• Analyze writer’s craft in depth (tone, imagery, sentence structure)
• Compare how different texts present similar ideas
• Evaluate effectiveness of texts
• Understand how structure and form contribute to meaning
• Interpret nuanced meaning and complex ideas
Writing
• Write well-structured essays, reviews, narratives, and discursive texts
• Use persuasive and argumentative writing techniques
• Demonstrate control of tone, register, and form
• Craft engaging openings and effective conclusions
• Show clear voice and purpose
Grammar and Vocabulary
• Use advanced punctuation (colons, semi-colons)
• Apply complex grammar (subordinate clauses, conditional sentences)
• Demonstrate precise vocabulary choices and varied sentence structure
Speaking and Listening
• Give persuasive speeches, lead discussions
• Respond critically and constructively to others
• Use rhetorical techniques in speech