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A polynomial is an algebraic expression consisting of multiple terms, which are combinations of variables and coefficients. Polynomials are classified by their degree into types such as linear, quadratic, cubic, and bi-quadratic, with specific general forms for each type. The number of zeros of a polynomial corresponds to its degree, and there are important relationships between the zeros and coefficients of polynomials.

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5 views

1747560975

A polynomial is an algebraic expression consisting of multiple terms, which are combinations of variables and coefficients. Polynomials are classified by their degree into types such as linear, quadratic, cubic, and bi-quadratic, with specific general forms for each type. The number of zeros of a polynomial corresponds to its degree, and there are important relationships between the zeros and coefficients of polynomials.

Uploaded by

visheshk0708
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Polynomials

The word 'Polynomial' is itself made up of two words i.e. Poly which means "many" and
Nomial which means "Terms".

So Polynomial is an algebraic/mathematical expression which has many terms or more


than one term.

What are Terms?

Terms are simply the combination of "Variables" & "Coefficients".

Variables : All the "Alphabets" or "Letters" are called Variables. E.g: a,b,c,......x,y,z.
2x, 5y, 7a, -4z, etc..... here x, y, a & z are variables.

Coefficient : Number with variable is called coefficient.


E.g: 3x, 4y, -2z, -7b, etc.... here 3, 4, -2 & -7 are the coefficients.
Therefore, Example of Terms = -2x, 5y, 4t, -6z, etc.......

Degree of Polynomial
If P(x) is a polynomial in X, the highest power of X in P(x) is called 'the degree of
Polynomial'. For example, 4x + 2 is a polynomial in the variable X of degree 1.

"Note: The above given P(x) is a polynomial in Variable X.


Types of Polynomial
On the basis of degree, Polynomials are divided into few types:

Linear Polynomial: A polynomial whose highest power is 1 is called a Linear


Polynomial.
For example: x + 1 : y + 7 : z - 3
Quadratic Polynomial: A polynomial highest power is 2 is called a Quadratic
Polynomial.
For example: x² + 7x + 10 ; x² - 5x + 3 ;
Cubic Polynomial: A polynomial power is 3 is called a Cubic Polynomial.
For example: 4x³ + 7x² + 9x - 3
Bi-Quadratic Polynomial: A polynomial whose highest power is 4 is called a Bi-
Quadratic Polynomial.
For example: 7x⁴ + 9x³ + 3x² + 5x-10
Constant Polynomial: A polynomial having a power of O is called a Constant
Polynomial.
For example: x⁰ = 1 which is a constant)

General Forms of Polynomials


(General Forms bole toh saare Polynomials inhi forms ki tarah ke dikte hain...OK)
Linear Polynomial: ax + b For e.g: 2x + 3 .
Quadratic Polynomial: ax² + bx + c ; For e.g: 2x² + 3x - 7
Cubic Polynomial: ax³ + bx² + cx + d ; For e.g: 4x³ + 3x² - 7x + 2
Bi-Quadratic Polynomial: ax⁴ + bx³ + cx² + dx + e ; For e.g: 4x⁴ + 3x³ - 7x² + 2x + 6

#Suno ye forms yaad bhi rakhni hain.. important hoti hain, questions me confusion se
bachna hai toh yaad karlena...ok.

Zeroes of a Polynomial

It refers to those values of variables (such as x) for which the Polynomial P(x) becomes
Zero

Example: Check if x = 2 is a zero of P(x) = x² - 2x


ANSWER: Put x = 2 in P(x)

P(2) = (2)² - 2 x 2 = 4 - 4 = 0

Hence x = 2 is a zero of P(x)


#IMPORTANT RESULTS
A Linear Polynomial P(x) = ax + b will have only 1 zero.
A Quadratic Polynomial P(x) = ax² + bx + c will have 2 zeroes.
A Cubic Polynomial P(x) = ax³ + bx² + cx + d will have 3 zeroes.

#Bole toh jitni polynomial ki degree utne hi no. of zeroes hote hain..OK!

How to find No of zeroes from Graph?

(Ye topic exercise 2.1 me aata hai and iska 1M ka question aa jaata hai Boards
me)

Iss tarah ke questions ko karne ki trick ye hai ki bas ye dekho ki graph me x-


axis kitni jagah par cut raha hai..ok.
In the given graph of a polynomial P(x) the x-axis is cutting at 2 points.
Hence, no of zeroes of P(x) = 2.

Relation between Zeroes & Coefficients V.V.V.Imp

If Alpha(α) is the Zero of a Linear Polynomial P(x) = ax + b, then.

α = -b
α
If Alpha(α) & Beta(β) are the two Zeroes of a Quadratic Polynomial P(x) = ax² + bx
+c
then
If Alpha(α), Beta(β) & Gamma(γ) are the Zeroes of a Cubic Polynomial
P(x) = ax³ + bx² + cx + d, then

If Alpha(α) & Beta(β) are the Zeroes of a Quadratic Polynomial, then P(x) will be
given by a formula

P(x) = k [ X - (α + β)X + αβ ]
i.e P(x) = [X - (sum of Zeroes)X + Product of Zeroes]

Ques: Find a quadratic polynomial, the sum and product of whose zeroes are - 3 and
2, respectively.

Solution:
Ques: If α and β are the zeros of quadratic polynomial f(x)=kx²+4x+4 such that
α²+β²=24, find the value of k.

Solution:

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