AnSci 203 - Swine Production and Management
LABORATORY EXERCISE #1
IDENTIFYING AND
CLASSIFYING
SWINE BREEDS
Submitted By:
Lei Garielle U. Berjamin
PHILIPPINE NATIVE PIG
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Philippine-native-pigs-A-Benguet-native-pig-B-Q-Black-C-Markaduke-D-BT-Black-E_fig2_352042308
COLOR: Black / Black with a white belly
BODY TYPE: Smaller compared to commercial or domesticated counterparts.
PRODUCTIVITY TRAITS:
Very prolific, where in average, gilts could exhibit signs of sexual maturity as young as 4 to 5
months.
Have low feed conversion ratio. It was found that growing swine could reach 60 kilos during the 6 to
8 months fattening period.
Known for their ability to grow and reproduce even under adverse conditions and are more resistant
to parasites and common swine diseases
Popular throughout the Philippines for Letchon (broiled whole pig).
References:
*Green Empire LEA Reviwer
*Paras, E., & Cu-Cordoves, R. K. (2014). ESTIMATING LIVEWEIGHT OF PHILIPPINE NATIVE PIGS USING EXTERNAL BODY MEASUREMENTS.
Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. https://pjvas.org/index.php/pjvas/article/download/108/99
*Philippine native Swine - Oklahoma State University. (2021, February 15).
https://breeds.okstate.edu/swine/philippine-native-swine.html
LANDRACE
https://breeds.okstate.edu/swine/american-landrace-swine.html
https://breeds.okstate.edu/swine/american-landrace-swine.html
“Longest Breed of Swine”
COLOR: White (but could have black spots or freckles)
BODY TYPE: Long body; long snout; large droopy ears (almost covering the eyes); deep flanks
PRODUCTIVITY TRAITS:
Sows are good mothers and have large litter sizes and high milk production.
The pigd typically have sound legs and feet and live long lives.
Piglets are fast growing.
Efficient feed utilizer but must be fed well.
Good carcass quality with lean carcasses.
References:
*Green Empire LEA Reviewer
*CGIAR
YORKSHIRE / LARGE WHITE
https://www.britishpigs.org.uk/breed-information/large-white
COLOR: White
BODY TYPE: Large-framed with long middle and light shoulders; long deep sides; slightly dished face;
erect ears
PRODUCTIVITY TRAITS:
Regarded as a rugged and hardy breed that can withstand variations in climate and other
environmental factors.
Known for large litters, heavy milk production and for having excellent maternal instincts.
Lean and active, as well as sound in feet and legs.
Known for high quality bacon and pork.
Excellent foragers and compare favorably with other breeds in economy of gains.
References:
*Green Empire LEA Reviewer
*NSW DPI primefacts, 2005
*Large white swine - Oklahoma State University. (2021, February 11). https://breeds.okstate.edu/swine/large-white-swine.html
DurOC
https://nationalswine.com/about/breeds/about-duroc.php
“The World’s Terminal Sire”
COLOR: Varies from a a very light golden, almost yellow color, to a very dark red that approaches
mahogany
BODY TYPE: Medium in length; slightly dished face; small droopy ears
PRODUCTIVITY TRAITS:
Superior breed in terms of growth rate and feed efficiency.
Has good muscle quality and probably the most resistant to stress.
Boars are the predominate Terminal sire used in the world and provide 100% heterosis when mated
to Yorkshire x Landrace F1 female.
Had distinguished accomplishments in prolificness and longevity in the female line.
References:
*Green Empire LEA Reviewer
*National Swine Registry
*Duroc Swine - Oklahoma State University. (2021, January 22). https://breeds.okstate.edu/swine/duroc-swine.html
PIETRAIN
https://www.energyshobby.com/pig-sire-breeds-and-synthetic-lines/
https://www.energyshobby.https://www.britishpigs.org.uk/breed-
information/pietrain/pig-sire-breeds-and-synthetic-lines/
COLOR: White with black spots
BODY TYPE: Medium in size; shorter of leg than most breeds, stockier in build, and quite broad along
the back; hams are extremely bulging and muscular; erect ears
PRODUCTIVITY TRAITS:
Carry an extremely high proportion of lean to fat, making it a reputable breed for high quality lean
and a desired one for fresh meat processing.
Developed a reputation for improving the quality of market swine when the boars are used on sows
of other breeds.
– Slow grower and highly susceptible to stress.
References:
*Green Empire LEA Reviewer
*Pietrain Swine - Oklahoma State University. (2021b, February 15). https://breeds.okstate.edu/swine/pietrain-swine.html
HAMPSHIRE
https://nationalswine.com/about/breeds/about-hampshire.php
COLOR: Black with white belt around the shoulder and body indluding the forelegs
BODY TYPE: Erect ears
PRODUCTIVITY TRAITS:
Heavily muscled and a lean meat breed. (Leader in lean muscle with good carcass quality, minimal
amounts of backfat and large loin eyes.)
Higly proficient with hardy vigor and good forging ability. Also, feed efficient.
Known as the America’s meat and muscle sire as they offer the most effective method to increase
primal yield, which leads to an increased premium in packer grids. Also, when incorporated into a
commercial sow base, they have a proven record of increased durability and robustness, while
contributing to superior carcass composition of the commercial market hog.
Females also gained reputation as great mothers which are excellent pig raisers and have extra
longevity in the sow herd.
References:
*Green Empire LEA Reviewer
*National Swine Registry
BERKSHIRE
https://www.britishpigs.org.uk/breed-information/berkshire
COLOR: Black with 6 white points — four white feet, one point on the forehead, and on the switch of
the tail
BODY TYPE: Medium-sized; Hairy; Short dished face; erect ears
PRODUCTIVITY TRAITS:
True breed when crossed on other breeds or on common hogs.
An example of an improved breed of livestock where characteristics have been established and
purified over a very long period of time; with selection pressure applied toward those traits of great
economical importance - fast and efficient growth, reproductive efficiency cleanness, and
meatiness.
References:
*Green Empire LEA Reviewer
*Berkshire Swine - Oklahoma State University. (2021, January 21). https://breeds.okstate.edu/swine/berkshire-swine.html
POLAND OF CHINA
https://breeds.okstate.edu/swine/poland-china-swine.html
COLOR: Black with distinct 6 points, the four feet, poll of the head, and switch of the tail
BODY TYPE: Similar to Berkshire but with droopy ears
PRODUCTIVITY TRAITS:
Unbeatable among various breeds of swine for the characteristic of maximum weight at any given
age.
Excellent feeders and gain readily under conditions of good care and management.
Very quiet in their dispositions and are rugged in their constitutions.
Known for having very substantial bone and for being sound in its feet and legs.
References:
*Green Empire LEA Reviewer
*Poland China Swine - Oklahoma State University. (2021, February 16). https://breeds.okstate.edu/swine/poland-china-swine.html
SWINE BREED CLASSIFICATION
Maternal vs. Terminal
“Pig breeds are often divided into maternal (dam, sow) and terminal (sire, boar) breeds. Maternal breeds are
typically large-framed and recognized for their ability to raise large litters of healthy wean piglets to weaning.
Terminal breeds generally grow faster and leaner than maternal breeds as they are commonly selected for meat
production and growth efficiency.” (PennStateExtension, n.d.)
BREED MATERNAL TERMINAL
Philippine Native Pig
Landrace
Large White
Duroc
Pietrain
Hampshire
Beekshire
Poland of China
