SWM

PRACTICAL NO. 10
Aim :- Prepare the specifications of disposal of bio- medical by viewing the
relevant video/simulation/photographs.
WHAT IS BIO-MEDICAL WASTE ??
Definition
Waste generated during the diagnosis, testing, treatment, research or
production of biological products for humans or animals (WHO)

SOURCES OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE

Major Sources Minor sources
• Hospitals • Clinics
• Labs • Dental clinics
• Research centers • Home care
• Animal research • Cosmetic clinics
• Blood banks • Paramedics
• Nursing homes • Funeral services
• Mortuaries • Institutions
• Autopsy centers

The provisions in law for safe disposal of bio-medical waste in India

Following are the provisions in law for safe disposal of bio- medical waste in
India
As per the Bio-medical waste (Management & Handling) Rules 1998-
1.It is the duty of every occupier i.e. a person who has the control over the
institution or its premises, to take all steps to ensure that waste generated is
handled without any adverse effect to human health and environment.
2. The hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, dispensaries, pathological laboratories
etc. are therefore required to set in places the biomedical waste disposal and
treatment facilities as per schedule V and VI respectively.
3.Segregation, packaging, transportation and storage of BMW according to
schedule1, schedule 2 and 3, schedule 4 respectively.
4.For the effective bio-medical waste management the state government shall
establish prescribed authority for granting authorization to concern
occupier/operator; who are required to maintain the annual and accident
records of the facility.
Bio medical waste rules have six schedules
Schedule Contents
Schedule I Classification of biological waste in various categories
Schedule II Color coding ant types of containers to be used for each
category of biomedical waste
Schedule III Proforma of the label to be used on container/bag
Schedule IV Proforma of label for transport of waste container/ bag
Schedule V Standards for treatment and disposal of waste
Schedule VI Deadline for creation of waste treatment facilities

Components of biomedical waste

1) Human anatomical waste (tissues, organ, body parts etc)
2) Animal waste (as above, generated during research/ experimentation, from
veterinary hospital etc)
3) Microbiological and biotechnological waste such as laboratory cultures,
microorganisms, human and animal cell cultures, toxins etc.
4) Waste sharps, such as hypodermic needles, syringes, scalpels, broken glass
etc.
5) Discarded medicines and cyto-toxic drugs.
6) Soiled waste such as dressing, bandages, plaster casts, material contaminated
with blood etc.
7) Solid waste (disposal items like tubes, catheters etc excluding sharps)
8) Liquid waste generated from any of the infected area.
9) Incineration ash
10) Chemical waste
Classification of Biomedical Waste Management technologies

Objectives of Biomedical waste management.

1) Define Medical Waste, Regulated Medical Waste and Infectious Waste.
2) Discuss the Regulations Applicable to Medical Waste.
3) Discuss the Components of an Infectious Waste Management Plan.
4) Outline an Exposure Control Plan.
5) Discuss Steps to take if exposed to Infectious Waste.
6) Discuss the Problem of Mercury.
7) Discuss Records to Maintain.
8) Recommend Inspection Items.
9) Discuss Use of Contractors.
Biomedical waste management and handling as per rule 1998 Rules for BMW:
1. Rules for duty of occupier.
2. Rules for treatment and disposal.
3. Rules for segregation, packaging, transportation and storage.
4. Rules for prescribed authority.
5. Rules for authorization.
6. Rules for advisory committee.
7. Rules for annual report.
8. Rules for maintenance of records.
9. Rules for accident reporting.
10. Rules for appealed.

CATEGORIES OF BMW & DISPOSAL

OPTIONS TYPE OF WASTE TREATMENT & DISPOSAL

Cat No. 1 Human Anatomical Incineration/ deep

Waste (Human tissues, burial
organs, body parts)
Cat No. 2 Animal Waste Incineration/ deep
(Animal tissues, organs, burial
body parts, carcasses,
bleeding parts, fluid,
blood etc)
Cat No. 3 Microbiology & Local autoclaving/
Biotechnology Waste microwaving /
(Wastes from laboratory incineration
cultures, toxins and
devices used for transfer
of cultures etc)
Cat No. 4 Waste Sharps (Needles, Disinfection
syringes, scalpels,
blades, glass, etc.)
Cat No. 5 Discarded Medicine and Incineration / landfills
Cytotoxic drugs
(outdated,
contaminated,
discarded medicines)
Cat No. 6 Soiled Waste (Items Incineration /
contaminated with body autoclaving /
fluids, other materials microwaving
contaminated with
blood.)
Cat No. 7 Solid Waste (Waste Disinfection
generated from
disposable items other
than the waste sharps.)
Cat No. 8 Liquid Waste (Waste Disinfection
generated from the
laboratory and washing,
cleaning, house keeping
and disinfecting
activities)
Cat No. 9 Incineration Ash (Ash Disposal in municipal
from incineration of any landfill
biomedical waste)
Cat No. 10 Chemical Waste Chemical treatment
(Chemicals used in
production of
biologicals, chemicals
used in disinfecting, as
insecticides, etc.)