Class 10th

Physics
Magnetic Effects of Elecric Current
MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
Multiple Choice Question [1 Mark] 4. A vertical wire carrying a current in the upward
Magnetic effects of current: Magnetic field, field lines, direction is placed in a horizontal magnetic field
field due to a current carrying conductor, field due to directed towards east. The wire will experience a
current carrying coil or solenoid; Force on current force directed towards
carrying conductor, Fleming's Left Hand Rule, Direct (A) East (B) West
current. Alternating current: frequency of AC. (C) North (D) South
Advantage of AC over DC. Domestic electric circuits. Ans. (C)
1. Magnetic field lines are always
(A) Straight lines (B) Zig-zag lines 5. How many times does an alternating current (AC)
(C) Hyperbola (D) Closed loops with frequency 50 Hz changes its direction?
Ans. (D) (A) 25 (B) 75
(C) 50 (D) 100
2. Magnetic field lines pattern of a bar magnet are
Ans. (D)
given by
6. Choose the correct magnetic field pattern due to
N S
(A) current through a long straight conductor.

N S
(B) (A)

N S
(C)

N S
(D) (B)

Ans. (D)

3. An electron is moving in the north direction. It

experiences a force in the vertically upward
direction. The magnetic field at that region is
(C)
towards
(A) East (B) West
(C) North (C) South
Ans. (A) (D) Both (A) & (B)
Ans. (D)
[1]
7. Which of the following devices should be used for (A) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true
protecting the circuits due to short circuiting or and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
overloading of the circuits? assertion (A).
(B) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true
(A) Switch (B) Socket
but reason (R) is not the correct explanation
(C) Fuse (D) Resistance
of assertion (A).
Ans. (C) (C) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
8. When a current carrying conductor is placed in a Ans. (A)
uniform magnetic field it experiences a force. The
direction of the force is given by 12. Assertion: Magnetic field lines do not intersect.
(A) Fleming's left hand rule Reason: Magnetic field lines are closed curves
(A) Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is correct
(B) Fleming's right hand rule
explanation of the Assertion.
(C) Right hand thumb rule
(B) Both 'A' and 'R' are true but 'R' is not correct
(D) Left hand thumb rule explanation of the Assertion
Ans. (C) (C) 'A' is true but 'R' is false.
(D) 'A' is false but 'R' is true.
9. An alpha particle enters a uniform magnetic field Ans. (B)
as shown. The direction of force experienced by
the alpha particle is: 13. Assertion (A): The magnetic field inside a
solenoid is uniform
Reason (R): The magnetic field lines inside a
solenoid are parallel.
(A) Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is correct
explanation of the Assertion.
(A) Towards right (B) Towards left (B) Both 'A' and 'R' are true but 'R' is not correct
explanation of the Assertion
(C) Into the page (D) Out of the page
(C) 'A' is true but 'R' is false.
Ans. (D) (D) 'A' is false but 'R' is true
Ans. (A)
10. Switches are connected to
(A) live wire. (B) neutral wire. 14. Assertion: The magnetic field produced by a
(C) earth wire. (D) Anyone of these current carrying solenoid is independent of its
Ans. (A) length and cross sectional area.
Reason: The magnetic field inside the solenoid is
uniform.
11. Assertion: The magnetic field is stronger at a
(A) Both 'A' and 'R' are true and 'R' is correct
point which is nearer to the conductor and goes on explanation of the Assertion.
decreasing on moving away from the conductor. (B) Both 'A' and 'R' are true but 'R' is not correct
Reason: The magnetic field B produced by a explanation of the Assertion
straight current carrying wire is inversely (C) 'A' is true but 'R' is false.
proportional to the distance from the wire. (D) 'A' is false but 'R' is true
Ans. (B)
[2]
15. Assertion: In Fleming's Left Hand Rule, the 18. (i) Why is an alternating current (A.C.)
direction of magnetic field, force and current are considered to be advantageous over direct
mutually perpendicular. current (D.C.) for the long distance
Reason: Fleming's Left hand Rule is applied to transmission of electric power?
measure the induced current. (ii) How is the type of current used in household
(A) Both 'A' and 'R' are true and ' R' is correct supply different from the one given by a
explanation of the Assertion. battery of dry cells?
(B) Both 'A' and 'R' are true but 'R' is not correct
(iii) How does an electric fuse prevent the electric
explanation of the Assertion.
circuit and the appliances from a possible
(C) 'A' is true but 'R' is false.
damage due to short circuiting or
(D) 'A' is false but 'R' is true.
overloading.
Ans. (C)
Sol. (i) Alternating current (A.C.) can be transmitted
Very Short Answer Type Question [1 Mark] over long distance with a very low loss of
16. When is the force experienced by a current energy in comparison to Direct current
carrying straight conductor placed in a uniform (D.C.).
magnetic field (ii) The type of current used in household supply
(i) Maximum: is alternating current which continuously
(ii) Minimum? vary in direction and magnitude whereas the
Sol. (i) The force experienced by a current-carrying current given by the battery of dry cells is
straight conductor is maximum when the
direct current which is of constant magnitude
conductor is placed perpendicular to the
direction of magnetic field. and direction.
(ii) The force experienced by a current-carrying (iii) A fuse is a safety device having a short
straight conductor is minimum when the length of a thin wire made of tin-lead alloy
conductor is placed along the direction of which has a lower melting point. This wire
magnetic field whether parallel or
melts and breaks the circuit if the current
antiparallel.
exceeds the safe value. This saves costly
electric appliances and buildings from
17. (a) Distinguish between the terms 'overloading'
and 'short-circuiting' as used in domestic damage.
circuits.
(b) Why are the coils of electric toasters made of 19. (a) In a pattern of magnetic field lines due to bar
any alloy rather than a pure metal?
magnet, how can the regions of relative
Sol. (a) Short circuiting - When neutral and live wire
strength be identified?
come in direct contact.
Overloading - When too many appliances are (b) Compare the strength of magnetic field near
connected to a single socket drawing much the poles and the middle of a bar magnet.
more current or power than permissible. Sol. (a) The closeness of lines measures the relative’s
(b) Resistivity of an alloy is higher than its strength of magnetic field.
constituent metal and alloys do not oxidize as
easily as constituent metal at high (b) The strength of magnetic field is highest near
temperature. That is why the coils of electric the poles whereas minimum in the middle of
toasters are made of an alloy rather than a bar magnet.
pure metal.

[3]
20. (a) Fuse acts like a watchman in an electric
circuit. Justify this statement.
(b) Mention the usual current rating of the fuse
wire in the line to
(i) lights and fans
(ii) appliance of 2 kW or more power.
Sol. (a) When an unduly high electric current flows
through the circuit, the fuse wire melts due to
joule heating effect and breaks the circuit.
Hence, it keeps an eye on the amount of
current flowing and also stops the current if
exceeds the maximum value. So, fuse acts 23. (a) What is an electromagnet? List any two uses.
like a watchman in an electric circuit. (b) Draw a labelled diagram to show how an
(b) (i) A fuse of rating 5A is usually used for electromagnet is made.
lights and fans. (c) State the purpose of soft iron core used in
(ii) A fuse of rating 15A is usually used for making an electromagnet.
appliance of 2 kW or more power. (d) List two ways of increasing the strength of an
electromagnet if the material of the
21. What is the difference between a direct current electromagnet is fixed.
and an alternating current? What is the frequency Sol. (a) An electromagnet is a temporary magnet
of AC in India? made from a piece of soft iron when current
Sol. flows in the coil wound around it.
DC AC Uses of electromagnet:
The current flows in a Direction of current (i) For removing pieces of iron from
single direction changes periodically wounds
(every 1/100 second in (ii) For lifting and transporting the large
India) masses of iron scrap, grinders, plates
etc.
Cannot be transmitted Can be transmitted over
over long distances. long distances without (b)
mush loss in energy.
source of DC -cell, Source of AC – AC
battery generator

22. What is a solenoid? Draw a sketch of the pattern (c) If a core of soft iron is placed inside a
of field lines of the magnetic field through and solenoid, the magnetic field strength inside
around a current carrying solenoid. the solenoid is greatly increased.
Sol. A solenoid is a long coil (shaped like a cylinder) (d) (i) By increasing the number of turns of
containing a large number of close turns of winding
insulated copper wire. (ii) By increasing the current

[4]
24. An electric kettle rated as 1200 W at 220 V and a 26. What is the function of an earth wire? Why is it
toaster rated at 1000 W at 220 V are both necessary to earth the metallic bodies of electrical
connected in parallel to a source of 220 V. If the appliances?
fuse connected to the source blows when the Sol. The main function of the earth wire is to conduct
current exceeds 9.0 A, can both appliances be the excess or the leaking current from the
used at the same time? Illustrate your answer with electrical appliance to the ground.
calculations. It is necessary to earth metallic bodies because it
Sol. P1 = 1200W, 2= 1000W protects us from getting an electric shock by
V = 220V transferring the current to the earth
Because, if the metallic bodies of electric
Fuse rating 9A, it means if the current exceeds
appliances are earthed, then the current would
from 9A then fuse wire will break, and current for
flow directly into the earth rather than entering
appliances will be zero.
our body.
We know,
Hence, we won't get an electric shock.
P=VI
In parallel combination total power- 27. Read the passage below and answer the questions.
P = P1 + P2 A magnetic field is described by drawing the
P1  P2 magnetic field lines. When a small north magnetic
I pole is placed in the magnetic field created by a
V
magnet, it will experience a force. And if the
1200  1000
I north pole is free, it will move under the influence
220
of magnetic field. The path traced by a north
 I = 10A magnetic pole free to move under the influence of
If both the appliances are switched on together, a magnetic field is called a magnetic field line.
the fuse will get burnt. So, both the appliance Since the direction of magnetic field line is the
cannot be used at the same time. direction of force on a north pole, so the magnetic
field lines always begin from the N-pole of a
25. A domestic lighting circuit has a fuse of 5 A. If magnet and end on the S-pole of the magnet.
the mains supply is at 230 V, calculate the Inside the magnet, however the direction of
maximum number of 36 W tube-lights that can be magnetic field lines is from the S-pole of the
safely used in this circuit. magnet to the N-pole of the magnet. Thus, the
Sol. Let the maximum number of tube-lights be y. magnetic field lines are closed curves. When a
small compass is moved along a magnetic field
Power of y tube-lights, P = 36y
line, the compass needle always sets itself along
V = 230 ~ V, I = 5 A
the line tangential to it. So, a line drawn from the
We know that south pole of the compass needle to its north pole
P=V I indicates the direction of the magnetic field at that
36y = 230 × 5 point.
Y = 31.94
So, the number of tube-lights that can be safely
used is 31.

[5]
 a magnetic field. He took a small aluminium rod
AB, a strong horse-shoe magnet, some connecting
wires, a battery and a switch and connected them
as shown. He observed that on passing current, the
rod gets displaced. On reversing the direction of
current, the direction of displacement also gets
reversed. On the basis of your understanding of
this phenomenon, answer the following questions:

(a) State any two properties of magnetic field lines.

Sol. 1. Magnetic lines of force start from the North
Pole and end at the South Pole.
2. They are continuous through the body of
magnet
3. Two magnetic lines of force cannot intersect
each other. (i) State the condition under which the displacement
4. The relative strength of the magnetic field is of the rod is largest for the same magnitude of
shown by the degree of closeness of the field current flowing through it.
lines. Sol. When magnet will be perpendicular to the current
(b) Why two magnetic field lines never intersect carrying conductor then displacement of the rod
each other? will be maximum.
Sol. If magnetic field lines intersect each other, then at
the intersection point there will be two directions (ii) State the rule that determines the direction of the
of the same field which is not possible. Hence the force on the conductor AB.
field lines do not cross or intersect each other. Sol. Fleming's left hand rule gives the direction of
(c) State the rule for finding the direction of magnetic force experienced by current carrying conductor
field associated with a current carrying conductor. placed in an external magnetic field. Fleming's
Sol. Right hand thumb rule determines the direction of left hand rule the thumb, According, First finger
magnetic field associated with a current carrying and second finger are hold mutually perpendicular
conductor. It states that imagine that you are to each other. The thumb represent the direction
holding a current-carrying straight conductor in of force on the conductor.
your right hand such that the thumb points
towards the direction of current. Then your fingers (iii)If the U shaped magnet is held vertically and the
will wrap around the conductor in the direction of aluminium rod is suspended horizontally with its
the field lines of the magnetic field. end B towards due north, then on passing current
through the rod from B to A as shown, in which
28. Read the following passage and answer the direction will the rod be displaced?
questions Sol. The direction will the rod displaced towards west
A student was asked to perform an experiment to to east.
study the force on a current carrying conductor in
■■■

[6]