Relation
Q1. On the set of all integers, consider the relation
R = ( a , b ) : a − b is diviosible by 3 .
Show that 𝑅 is an equivalence relation on . Also find the partitioning of into
mutually disjoint equivalence classes.
Q2. Let A = x : 0 x 12 . Show that
R = ( a , b ) : a − b is a multiple of 4 and a,b A is an equivalence relation. Find the set
of elements related to 1.
Q3. Let 𝐴 = {1,2,3.4,5.6.7.8.9} and 𝑅 be a relation in A A defined by
R = ( a , b ) R ( c , d ) a + d = b + c for all ( a , b ) and ( c , d ) A A . Prove that R is an
equivalence relation. An obtain the equivalence class determined by ( 2, 5 ) .
Q4. Let be the set of natural numbers
( a, b ) R ( c, d ) a + d = b + c ; ( a, b ) , ( c, d ) .
Prove that, R is an equivalence relation on .
Q5. Let be the set of natural numbers and be a relation on defined by
( a , b ) R ( c , d ) ad = bc ( a , b ) , ( c , d ) .
Show that, is an equivalence relation on .
Q6. Let be the set of all integers and let m be an arbitrary but fixed positive integer. Show
that, the relation " congruence modulo m" on defined by,
a b ( mod m ) ( a − b ) is divisible by m a,b ,
Is an equivalence relation.
Q7. Consider a relation R defined on the set of integers in the following way:
m p
R = , : m , n, p, q , q 0, qm = pn
n q
Show that R is an equivalence relation.
Q8. Let O be the origin. We define a relation S between two points P and Q in a plane such
+ that OP = OQ. Show that the relation S is an equivalence relation.
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Q9. A relation R is defined on the set of of natural numbers as follows
( x, y ) R x − y + 3 , an irrational number for x, y . Examine R is reflexive,
symmetric & transitive?
Q10. Consider a relation R defined on , where is the set of all natural numbers, in
the following way:
1 1 1 1
( a, b ) R ( c, d ) + = + ( a, b ) , ( c, d )
a d b c
Show that R is an equivalence relation defined on .
Q11. Show that the relation R defined on the set A of all polygons as
R = ( P1 , P2 ) : P1 & P2 have same number of sides
Is an equivalence relation. What is the set of all elements in A related to the right
triangle T with sides 3,4 and 5?
Q12. Let be the set of natural numbers and a , aN denotes the set ax : x . If
b c =d , Where b, c, d are natural numbers greater than 1 and the greatest
Commo divisor ( GCD ) of b and c is 1, then find the value of d .
Q13.The relation R in the set natural number be defined by
( x , y ) R iff x 2 − 4 xy + 3 y 2 = 0 x, y .
Show that R is reflexive but neither symmetric nor transitive.
Q14. Consider a relation R defined on , where is the set of all natural numbers, in
the following way:
( a , b ) R ( c , d ) ad ( b + c ) = bc ( a + d ) ( a , b ) , ( c , d )
Show that R is an equivalence relation defined on .
Q15. Let denotes the set of all integers where A = ( a , b ) : a 2 + 3b 2 = 28; a, b &
B = ( a , b ) : a b ; a, b . Then the number of elements of A B is…………….
Q16. Consider a relation R defined on , where is the set of all natural numbers, by
( a , b ) R ( c , d ) ad ( b − c ) = bc ( a − d )
Show that R is symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive.
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Q17. Find the minimum number of elements that must be added to relation
R = ( a , b ) , ( b, c ) , ( b, d ) on the set a , b, c , d , so that it is an equivalence relation.
Q18. Let R1 & R2 be two relation defined on Q (set of rational numbers) as follows:
R1 = ( a , b ) R 2 : a 2 + b 2 Q
R2 = ( a , b ) R 2 : a 2 + b 2 Q .
(i) R1 is equivalence relation but not R2
(ii) R2 is equivalence relation but not R1
(iii) R1 and R2 is equivalence relation
(iv) Neither R1 nor R2 is an equivalence relation.
Q19. Let R1 = ( a , b ) : a − b 13 & R2 = ( a , b ) : a − b 13
(i) R1 is equivalence relation but not R2
(ii) R2 is equivalence relation but not R1
(iii) R1 and R2 is equivalence relation
(iv) Neither R1 nor R2 is an equivalence relation.
Q20. Let A = 0, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9,10 and R be the relation defined on A such that
R = ( x , y ) A A : x − y is odd positive integer or x - y = 2 . Find the minimum
number of elements hat must added to the relation R , so that it is symmetric relation.
Q21. Find the number of relation, on the set 1, 2, 3 containing ( 1, 2 ) and ( 2, 3 ) , which are
reflexive and transitive but not symmetric.
Q22. Let R be a relation on , given by
R= ( a, b ) : 3a − 3b +
7 is an irrational number . Then R is
(i) Reflexive but neither symmetric nor transitive
(ii) Reflexive and transitive but not symmetric.
(iii) Reflexive and symmetric but not transitive
(iv) An equivalence relation
Q23. Find the minimum number of elements that must be added to the relation
R = ( a , b ) , ( b, c ) , ( b, d )
on the set a , b, c , d , so that it is an equivalence relation.
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Q24. Let R1 and R2 be relations on the set 1, 2, 3, ...50 such that
R1 = ( p, p ) : p is prime and n 0 is an integer
n
R2 = ( p, p ) : p is prime and n= 0 or 1 .
n
Then the number of elements in R1 − R2 is …….
Q25. Let be the set of integers, a relation R on defined by
R = ( x , y ) : x 3 − 3 x 2 y − xy 2→ + 3 y 3 = 0 .
Then R is …………
Q26. Let a relation on be defined as ( x1 , y1 ) R ( x2 , y2 ) iff x1 x2 or y1 y2 .
Consider the two statements:
(I) R is reflexive but not symmetric.
(II) R is transitive Then which one of the following is true?
(a) Both (I) and (II) are correct.
(b) Only (II) is correct.
(c) Neither (I) nor (II) is correct.
(d) Only (I) is correct.
Q27. Let the relations R1 and R2 on the set be X = 1, 2, 3, 4, ...., 20 given by
R1 = ( x , y ) : 2 x − 3 y = 2 and R1 = ( x , y ) : −5 x + 4 y = 0 . If M and N be the
minimum number of elements required to be added in R1 and R2 respectively, in order
to make the relations symmetric, then M + N equals ……………
Q28. Let A = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 . Let R be a relation on A defined by xRy iff 4x 5 y. Let m be
the number of elements in R and n be the minimum number of elements from A A
that are required to be added to R to make it symmetric relation. Then m + n is ……
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