Guia 1 Descriptive Statistics
Guia 1 Descriptive Statistics
2. [Maximum mark: 4]
A population of 20 000 people consists of 15 000 men and 5 000 women. We need a
sample of 100 people. Match the following:
METHOD EXAMPLE
random
1 A Select 75 men and 25 women.
sampling
Systematic Consider two groups: smokers and non-smokers.
2 B
sampling Select 50 from each group.
Stratified
3 C Select 100 people out of a hat
sampling
Quota
4 D Arrange names in a row. Pick every 200th person
sampling
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3. [Maximum mark: 7]
A set of data is 6, 2, 3, 8, 6, 5, 7, 6, 2. Find
(a) the measures of central tendency: mode, median, mean. [3]
(b) the measures of spread: range, IQR, standard deviation and variance. [4]
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4. [Maximum mark: 7]
Consider the following frequency table for 200 entries of x:
x f
5 54
6 60
7 16
8 20
9 50
Find
(a) the measures of central tendency: mode, median, mean. [3]
(b) the measures of spread: range, IQR, standard deviation and variance. [4]
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5. [Maximum mark: 7]
For the data presented in the stem and leaf diagram below
(a) write down the first four entries (i.e. the smallest ones) [1]
(b) find the measures of central tendency: mode and median, [2]
(c) find the measures of spread: range and interquartile range [4]
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standard
mean variance
deviation
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7. [Maximum mark: 7]
Consider the following data
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8. [Maximum mark: 6]
Three positive integers a, b, and c, where a < b < c, are such that their median is 11,
their mean is 9 and their range is 10. Find the value of a.
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9. [Maximum mark: 6]
Let a, b, c and d be integers such that a < b, b < c and c = d.
The mode of these four numbers is 11. The range is 8. The mean is 8.
Calculate the value of each of the integers a, b, c, d.
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12. [Maximum mark: 6]
A set of data is
18, 18, 19, 19, 20, 22, 22, 23, 27, 28, 28, 31, 34, 34, 36.
The box and whisker plot for this data is shown below.
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14. [Maximum mark: 5]
The following diagram is a box and whisker plot for a set of data.
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15. [Maximum mark: 6]
The 45 students in a class each recorded the number of whole minutes, x, spent doing
Two new students joined the class and reported that they spent 37 minutes and 30
minutes respectively.
(b) Calculate the new mean including these two students. [4]
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18. [Maximum mark: 7]
A box contains 100 cards. Each card has a number between one and six written on it.
The following table shows the frequencies for each number.
Number 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency 26 10 20 k 29 11
(a) Calculate the value of k. [2]
(b) Find (i) the median; (ii) the interquartile range. [5]
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Score 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency 3 5 4 6 10 8
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21. [Maximum mark: 6]
The number of hours of sleep of 21 students are shown in the frequency table below.
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Mark 1 2 3 4 5
Number of students 5 10 p 6 2
The median is 3 and the mode is 2. Find the two possible values of p.
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23. [Maximum mark: 7]
The following table gives the examination grades for 120 students.
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Score 10 20 30 40 50
Number of competitors
1 2 5 k 3
with this score
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25. [Maximum mark: 6]
The following stem and leaf diagram gives the heights in cm of 39 schoolchildren.
Stem Leaf Key 13 2 represents 132 cm.
13 2, 3, 3, 5, 8,
14 1, 1, 1, 4, 5, 5, 9,
15 3, 4, 4, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 8, 9, 9,
16 1, 2, 2, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 8,
17 4, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6,
18 0,
height in cm [3]
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26. [Maximum mark: 6]
The histogram below represents the ages of 270 people in a village.
(a) Use the histogram to complete the table below. [2]
Mid-interval
Age range Frequency
value
0 < age < 20 40 10
20 ≤ age < 40
40 ≤ age < 60
60 ≤ age < 80
80 ≤ age ≤100
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27. [Maximum mark: 6]
A student measured the diameters of 80 snail shells. His results are shown in the
following cumulative frequency graph. The lower quartile (LQ) is 14 mm and is marked
clearly on the graph.
90
80
70
Cumulative frequency
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
LQ = 14
Diameter (mm)
(a) On the graph, mark clearly in the same way and write down the value of
(i) the median; (ii) the upper quartile. [4]
(b) Write down the interquartile range. [2]
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(a) Write down the number of students who scored 40 marks or less on the test. [2]
(b) The middle 50 % of test results lie between marks a and b, (a < b). Find a and b. [4]
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29. [Maximum mark: 6]
The following is a cumulative frequency diagram for the time t, in minutes, taken by 80
students to complete a task.
Time Number of
(minutes) students
0 ≤ t < 10 5
10 ≤ t < 20
20 ≤ t < 30 20
30 ≤ t < 40 24
40 ≤ t < 50
50 ≤ t < 60 6
(t)
(a) Write down the median. [1]
(b) Find the interquartile range. [3]
(c) Complete the frequency table next to the diagram. [2]
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30. [Maximum mark: 6]
The cumulative frequency graph below shows the heights of 120 girls in a school.
130
120
110
100
90
Cumulative frequency
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185
Height in centimetres
(a) Find
(i) the median; (ii) the interquartile range. [4]
(b) Given that 60% of the girls are taller than a cm, find the value of a. [2]
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31. [Maximum mark: 6]
The cumulative frequency curve below shows the marks obtained in an examination by
a group of 200 students.
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
Number
of 130
students
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Mark obtained
(a) Use the cumulative frequency curve to complete the frequency table below. [3]
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B. Paper 2 questions (LONG)
20
15
frequency
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
length (cm)
(b) Calculate estimates for the mean and the st.deviation of the lengths of the plants. [4]
(c) Explain what feature suggests that the median is different than the mean.
(d) The following is an extract from the cumulative frequency table.
Find an estimate for the median of the lengths of the plants. [3]
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33. [Maximum mark: 14]
The following is the cumulative frequency curve for the time, t minutes, spent by 150
people in a store on a particular day.
150
140
130
120
110
100
cumulative frequency
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
time (t)
(a) (i) How many people spent less than 5 minutes in the store?
(ii) Find the number of people who spent between 5 and 7 minutes in the store.
(iii) Find the median time spent in the store. [6]
(b) Given that 40% of the people spent longer than k minutes, find the value of k. [3]
(c) (i) Complete the following frequency table.
Frequency 10 23 15
(ii) Hence, calculate an estimate for the mean time spent in the store. [5]
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34. [Maximum mark: 15]
A supermarket records the amount of money d spent by customers in their store during
a busy period. The results are as follows:
(a) Find an estimate for the mean amount of money spent by the customers, giving
your answer to the nearest dollar ($). [2]
(b) Complete the following cumulative frequency table and use it to draw a
cumulative frequency graph. Use a scale of 2 cm to represent $20 on the
horizontal axis, and 2 cm to represent 20 customers on the vertical axis. [5]
Money in $ (d) <20 <40 <60 <80 < 100 < 120 < 140
Number of customers (n) 24 40
(c) The time t (minutes), spent by customers in the store may be represented by the
2
equation t = 2d 3 +3.
(i) Use this equation and your answer to part (a) to estimate the mean time in
minutes spent by customers in the store. [3]
(ii) Use the equation and the cumulative frequency graph to estimate the
number of customers who spent more than 37 minutes in the store. [5]
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35. [Maximum mark: 12]
There are 50 boxes in a factory. Their weights, w kg, are divided into 5 classes, as
shown in the following table.
(a) Show that the estimated mean weight of the boxes is 32 kg. [3]
(b) There are x boxes in the factory marked “Fragile”. They are all in class E. The
estimated mean weight of all the other boxes in the factory is 30 kg. Calculate the
value of x. [4]
(c) An additional y boxes, all with a weight in class D, are delivered to the factory.
The total estimated mean weight of all of the boxes in the factory is less than 33
kg. Find the largest possible value of y. [5]
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