0% found this document useful (0 votes)
16 views21 pages

Guia 1 Descriptive Statistics

This document is a guide for a mathematics course focused on statistics and probability, specifically descriptive statistics. It outlines objectives such as understanding population and sample concepts, recognizing outliers, and interpreting frequency distributions. The guide includes various exercises and questions to assess knowledge of statistical measures and data interpretation.

Uploaded by

camilo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
16 views21 pages

Guia 1 Descriptive Statistics

This document is a guide for a mathematics course focused on statistics and probability, specifically descriptive statistics. It outlines objectives such as understanding population and sample concepts, recognizing outliers, and interpreting frequency distributions. The guide includes various exercises and questions to assess knowledge of statistical measures and data interpretation.

Uploaded by

camilo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

Departamento de Matemática

GUÍA 1 Estadística y probabilidad


III ° Análisis y enfoques NM
ESTADÍSTICA DESCRIPTIVA

Objetivos: Instrucciones generales:


• Aplicar y reconocer los conceptos de: población,
muestra, muestra aleatoria, datos discretos y continuos. - Realiza el trabajo en el espacio
• Determinar e interpretar valores atípicos. destinado en forma ordenada si
• Reconocer y aplicar técnicas de muestreo en relación a tienes dudas consulta al profesor.
su eficacia.
• Interpretar y construir tablas de distribuciones de
frecuencia para datos discretos y continuos. - Usar calculadora gráfica donde se
• Interpretar Histogramas y gráficos de frecuencia
acumulada: uso para hallar la mediana, los cuartiles, los indique.
percentiles, el rango y el rango intercuartil (RIC).
• Elaborar y comprender diagramas de caja y bigote. - Puedes consultar tu formulario
• Determinar medidas de tendencia central (media,
mediana y moda), para datos discretos o agrupados en
intervalos.
• Determinar medidas de dispersión (rango intercuartil,
desviación típica y varianza).Efecto que tienen los
cambios constantes sobre los datos originales.

A. Paper 1 questions (SHORT)


1. [Maximum mark: 6]
Indicate by the words “discrete” or “continuous” the type of data below:

Number of children in a family in Rome


Height of Greek men
Time spent in a supermarket
Final grade in IB exams
100m sprint time
100m sprint time to the nearest second

2. [Maximum mark: 4]
A population of 20 000 people consists of 15 000 men and 5 000 women. We need a
sample of 100 people. Match the following:
METHOD EXAMPLE
random
1 A Select 75 men and 25 women.
sampling
Systematic Consider two groups: smokers and non-smokers.
2 B
sampling Select 50 from each group.
Stratified
3 C Select 100 people out of a hat
sampling
Quota
4 D Arrange names in a row. Pick every 200th person
sampling

Page 1
3. [Maximum mark: 7]
A set of data is 6, 2, 3, 8, 6, 5, 7, 6, 2. Find
(a) the measures of central tendency: mode, median, mean. [3]
(b) the measures of spread: range, IQR, standard deviation and variance. [4]

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

4. [Maximum mark: 7]
Consider the following frequency table for 200 entries of x:

x f

5 54
6 60
7 16
8 20
9 50
Find
(a) the measures of central tendency: mode, median, mean. [3]
(b) the measures of spread: range, IQR, standard deviation and variance. [4]

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

Page 2
5. [Maximum mark: 7]
For the data presented in the stem and leaf diagram below

Stem Leaf Key 5 1 represents 51.


5 1, 3, 7,
6 0, 5, 8,
7 7, 9,
8 2, 4, 4, 7,
9 5, 9

(a) write down the first four entries (i.e. the smallest ones) [1]
(b) find the measures of central tendency: mode and median, [2]
(c) find the measures of spread: range and interquartile range [4]

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

6. [Maximum mark: 12]


Consider the data 10, 20, 30, 40 with
mean = 25 standard deviation = 5 5 variance = 125
Find the new mean, standard deviation and variance in the following cases

standard
mean variance
deviation

if each number is increased by 2

if each number is multiplied by 2

if each number is increased by a

if each number is multiplied by a

Page 3
7. [Maximum mark: 7]
Consider the following data

Class interval Frequency


(number of words) f
1–5 16
6–10 28
11–15 26
16–20 14

(a) Find the mean by using the appropriate formula. [3]


(b) Write down the modal group [1]
(c) Find the standard deviation and the variance [3]

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

8. [Maximum mark: 6]
Three positive integers a, b, and c, where a < b < c, are such that their median is 11,
their mean is 9 and their range is 10. Find the value of a.

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

Page 4
9. [Maximum mark: 6]
Let a, b, c and d be integers such that a < b, b < c and c = d.
The mode of these four numbers is 11. The range is 8. The mean is 8.
Calculate the value of each of the integers a, b, c, d.

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

10. [Maximum mark: 6]


Consider the four numbers a, b, c, d with a ≤ b ≤ c ≤ d, where a, b, c, d  .
The mean of the four numbers is 4. The mode is 3. The median is 3. The range is 6.
Find the value of a, of b, of c and of d.

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

11. [Maximum mark: 6]


The population below is listed in ascending order.
5, 6, 7, 7, 9, 9, r, 10, s, 13, 13, t
The median of the population is 9.5. The upper quartile Q3 is 13.
(a) Write down the value of (i) r (ii) s [4]
(b) The mean of the population is 10. Find the value of t. [2]

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

Page 5
12. [Maximum mark: 6]
A set of data is
18, 18, 19, 19, 20, 22, 22, 23, 27, 28, 28, 31, 34, 34, 36.
The box and whisker plot for this data is shown below.

(a) Write down the values of A, B, C, D, E [5]


(b) Find the interquartile range. [1]

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

13. [Maximum mark: 6]


The box and whisker diagram shown below represents the marks received by 32
students.

(a) Write down the value of the median mark. [1]


(b) Write down the value of the upper quartile. [2]
(c) Estimate the number of students who received a mark greater than 6. [3]

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
14. [Maximum mark: 5]
The following diagram is a box and whisker plot for a set of data.

The interquartile range is 20 and the range is 40.


(a) Write down the median value. [1]
(b) Find the value of (i) a; (ii) b. [4]

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

Page 6
15. [Maximum mark: 6]
The 45 students in a class each recorded the number of whole minutes, x, spent doing

experiments on Monday. The results are Σx = 2230.


(a) Find the mean number of min the students spent doing experiments on Monday. [2]

Two new students joined the class and reported that they spent 37 minutes and 30
minutes respectively.
(b) Calculate the new mean including these two students. [4]

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

16. [Maximum mark: 4]


The mean of the population x1, x2, ... , x25 is m
25
(a) Given that x
i1
i = 300 find the value of m . [2]
25
(b) Given that m = 10 find the value of x
i1
i . [2]

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

17. [Maximum mark: 4]


At a conference of 100 mathematicians there are 72 men and 28 women. The men
have a mean height of 1.79 m and the women have a mean height of 1.62 m. Find the
mean height of the 100 mathematicians.

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

Page 7
18. [Maximum mark: 7]
A box contains 100 cards. Each card has a number between one and six written on it.
The following table shows the frequencies for each number.
Number 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency 26 10 20 k 29 11
(a) Calculate the value of k. [2]
(b) Find (i) the median; (ii) the interquartile range. [5]

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

19. [Maximum mark: 4]


Given the following frequency distribution,
Number (x) 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency (f ) 5 9 16 18 20 7
find
(a) the median; [2]
(b) the mean. [2]

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

20. [Maximum mark: 6]


A standard die is rolled 36 times. The results are shown in the following table.

Score 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency 3 5 4 6 10 8

(a) Write down the standard deviation. [2]


(b) Write down the median score. [1]
(c) Find the interquartile range. [3]

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................

Page 8
21. [Maximum mark: 6]
The number of hours of sleep of 21 students are shown in the frequency table below.

Hours of sleep Number of


students
4 2
5 5
6 4
7 3
8 4
10 2
12 1
Find
(a) the median; [2]
(b) the lower quartile; [2]
(c) the interquartile range. [2]

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

22. [Maximum mark: 6]


The table below shows the marks gained in a test by a group of students.

Mark 1 2 3 4 5
Number of students 5 10 p 6 2

The median is 3 and the mode is 2. Find the two possible values of p.

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

Page 9
23. [Maximum mark: 7]
The following table gives the examination grades for 120 students.

Grade Number of students Cumulative frequency


1 9 9
2 25 34
3 35 p
4 q 109
5 11 120

(a) Find the value of


(i) p; (ii) q. [4]

(b) Find the mean grade. [2]


(c) Write down the standard deviation. [1]

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

24. [Maximum mark: 4]


The table shows the scores of competitors in a competition.

Score 10 20 30 40 50
Number of competitors
1 2 5 k 3
with this score

The mean score is 34. Find the value of k.

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

Page 10
25. [Maximum mark: 6]
The following stem and leaf diagram gives the heights in cm of 39 schoolchildren.
Stem Leaf Key 13 2 represents 132 cm.
13 2, 3, 3, 5, 8,
14 1, 1, 1, 4, 5, 5, 9,
15 3, 4, 4, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 8, 9, 9,
16 1, 2, 2, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 8,
17 4, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6,
18 0,

(a) State for the height


(i) the lower quartile, (ii) the median (iii) the upper quartile. [3]
(b) Draw a box-and-whisker plot of the data using the axis below.

120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190

height in cm [3]

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
26. [Maximum mark: 6]
The histogram below represents the ages of 270 people in a village.
(a) Use the histogram to complete the table below. [2]

Mid-interval
Age range Frequency
value
0 < age < 20 40 10

20 ≤ age < 40

40 ≤ age < 60

60 ≤ age < 80

80 ≤ age ≤100

(b) Hence, calculate an estimate of the mean age. [4]

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

Page 11
27. [Maximum mark: 6]
A student measured the diameters of 80 snail shells. His results are shown in the
following cumulative frequency graph. The lower quartile (LQ) is 14 mm and is marked
clearly on the graph.
90
80
70
Cumulative frequency

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
LQ = 14
Diameter (mm)
(a) On the graph, mark clearly in the same way and write down the value of
(i) the median; (ii) the upper quartile. [4]
(b) Write down the interquartile range. [2]

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

28. [Maximum mark: 6]


A test marked out of 100 is written by 800 students. The cumulative frequency graph
for the marks is given below.

(a) Write down the number of students who scored 40 marks or less on the test. [2]
(b) The middle 50 % of test results lie between marks a and b, (a < b). Find a and b. [4]

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

Page 12
29. [Maximum mark: 6]
The following is a cumulative frequency diagram for the time t, in minutes, taken by 80
students to complete a task.

Time Number of
(minutes) students
0 ≤ t < 10 5
10 ≤ t < 20
20 ≤ t < 30 20
30 ≤ t < 40 24
40 ≤ t < 50
50 ≤ t < 60 6

(t)
(a) Write down the median. [1]
(b) Find the interquartile range. [3]
(c) Complete the frequency table next to the diagram. [2]

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

Page 13
30. [Maximum mark: 6]
The cumulative frequency graph below shows the heights of 120 girls in a school.

130

120

110

100

90
Cumulative frequency

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185
Height in centimetres

(a) Find
(i) the median; (ii) the interquartile range. [4]

(b) Given that 60% of the girls are taller than a cm, find the value of a. [2]

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

Page 14
31. [Maximum mark: 6]
The cumulative frequency curve below shows the marks obtained in an examination by
a group of 200 students.
200

190

180

170

160

150

140
Number
of 130
students
120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Mark obtained
(a) Use the cumulative frequency curve to complete the frequency table below. [3]

Mark (x) 0 ≤ x < 20 20 ≤ x < 40 40 ≤ x < 60 60 ≤ x < 80 80 ≤ x < 100


Number 22 20
of students
(b) Forty percent of the students fail. Find the pass mark. [3]

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

Page 15
B. Paper 2 questions (LONG)

32. [Maximum mark: 10]


The following diagram represents the lengths, in cm, of 80 plants grown in a laboratory.

20

15
frequency
10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
length (cm)

(a) How many plants have lengths in cm between


(i) 50 and 60? (ii) 70 and 90? [2]

(b) Calculate estimates for the mean and the st.deviation of the lengths of the plants. [4]
(c) Explain what feature suggests that the median is different than the mean.
(d) The following is an extract from the cumulative frequency table.

length in cm less than cumulative frequency


. .
50 22
60 32
70 48
80 62
. .

Find an estimate for the median of the lengths of the plants. [3]

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
Page 16
33. [Maximum mark: 14]
The following is the cumulative frequency curve for the time, t minutes, spent by 150
people in a store on a particular day.

150

140

130

120

110

100
cumulative frequency

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

time (t)

(a) (i) How many people spent less than 5 minutes in the store?
(ii) Find the number of people who spent between 5 and 7 minutes in the store.
(iii) Find the median time spent in the store. [6]

(b) Given that 40% of the people spent longer than k minutes, find the value of k. [3]
(c) (i) Complete the following frequency table.

t (minutes) 0≤t≤2 2<t≤4 4<t≤6 6<t≤8 8 < t ≤ 10 10 < t ≤ 12

Frequency 10 23 15

(ii) Hence, calculate an estimate for the mean time spent in the store. [5]

Page 17
.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

Page 18
34. [Maximum mark: 15]
A supermarket records the amount of money d spent by customers in their store during
a busy period. The results are as follows:

Money in $ (d) 0–20 20–40 40–60 60–80 80–100 100–120 120–140


Number of customers (n) 24 16 22 40 18 10 4

(a) Find an estimate for the mean amount of money spent by the customers, giving
your answer to the nearest dollar ($). [2]

(b) Complete the following cumulative frequency table and use it to draw a
cumulative frequency graph. Use a scale of 2 cm to represent $20 on the
horizontal axis, and 2 cm to represent 20 customers on the vertical axis. [5]

Money in $ (d) <20 <40 <60 <80 < 100 < 120 < 140
Number of customers (n) 24 40

(c) The time t (minutes), spent by customers in the store may be represented by the
2
equation t = 2d 3 +3.
(i) Use this equation and your answer to part (a) to estimate the mean time in
minutes spent by customers in the store. [3]
(ii) Use the equation and the cumulative frequency graph to estimate the
number of customers who spent more than 37 minutes in the store. [5]

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

Page 19
Page 20
35. [Maximum mark: 12]
There are 50 boxes in a factory. Their weights, w kg, are divided into 5 classes, as
shown in the following table.

Class Weight (kg) Number of boxes


A 9.5 ≤ w <18.5 7
B 18.5 ≤ w <27.5 12
C 27.5 ≤ w < 36.5 13
D 36.5 ≤ w < 45.5 10
E 45.5 ≤ w ≤ 54.5 8

(a) Show that the estimated mean weight of the boxes is 32 kg. [3]
(b) There are x boxes in the factory marked “Fragile”. They are all in class E. The
estimated mean weight of all the other boxes in the factory is 30 kg. Calculate the
value of x. [4]
(c) An additional y boxes, all with a weight in class D, are delivered to the factory.
The total estimated mean weight of all of the boxes in the factory is less than 33
kg. Find the largest possible value of y. [5]

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

Page 21

You might also like