**************************************************************************

USACE / NAVFAC / AFCEC UFGS-08 51 13 (May 2019)

------------------------------------
Preparing Activity: NAVFAC Superseding
UFGS-08 51 13 (May 2011)

UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS

References are in agreement with UMRL dated January 2025

**************************************************************************

SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS

DIVISION 08 - OPENINGS

SECTION 08 51 13

ALUMINUM WINDOWS

05/19

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 REFERENCES
1.2 SUBMITTALS
1.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE
1.3.1 Qualification of Manufacturer
1.3.2 Shop Drawing Requirements
1.3.3 Engineer's Qualifications for Blast Design
1.3.4 Sample Requirements
1.3.4.1 Finish Sample Requirements
1.3.4.2 Window Sample Requirements
1.3.4.3 Mock-Ups
1.3.5 Design Data Requirements
1.3.6 Test Report Requirements
1.3.7 Certification
1.4 DELIVERY AND STORAGE
1.5 PLASTIC IDENTIFICATION
1.6 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
1.6.1 Wind Loading Design Pressure
1.6.2 Tests
1.7 DRAWINGS
1.8 WINDOW PERFORMANCE
1.8.1 Structural Performance
1.8.2 Antiterrorism Performance Requirements
1.8.2.1 Computational Design Analysis Method
1.8.2.2 Dynamic Design Analysis Method
1.8.2.3 Standard Airblast Test Method
1.8.3 Air Infiltration
1.8.4 Water Penetration
1.8.5 Thermal Performance
1.8.5.1 Southern Climate
1.8.5.2 South-Central Climate
1.8.5.3 North-Central Climate
1.8.5.4 Northern Climate

SECTION 08 51 13 Page 1
 1.8.5.5 Subarctic Climate
1.8.6 Life Safety Criteria
1.8.7 Sound Attenuation
1.8.8 Windborne-Debris-Impact Performance
1.9 WARRANTY

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 WINDOWS
2.1.1 Awning Windows (AP)
2.1.2 Casement Windows (C)
2.1.3 Hung Windows (H)
2.1.4 Horizontal Sliding Windows (HS)
2.1.5 Projected Windows (AP)
2.1.6 Top-Hinged Windows (TH)
2.1.7 Vertically Pivoted Windows (VP)
2.1.8 Fixed Windows (F)
2.1.9 Forced Entry Resistant Windows
2.1.10 Glass and Glazing
2.1.11 Caulking and Sealing
2.1.12 Weatherstripping
2.1.13 Sash Poles
2.2 FABRICATION
2.2.1 Provisions for Glazing
2.2.2 Fasteners
2.2.3 Adhesives
2.2.4 Drips and Weep Holes
2.2.5 Combination Windows
2.2.6 Mullions and Transom Bars
2.2.7 Accessories
2.2.7.1 Hardware
2.2.7.2 Fasteners
2.2.7.3 Window-Cleaner Anchors
2.2.7.4 Window Anchors
2.2.8 Finishes
2.2.8.1 Anodic Coating
2.2.8.2 Organic Coating
2.2.9 Screens
2.2.9.1 Insect Screen
2.3 SPECIAL OPERATORS
2.3.1 Pole Operators
2.3.2 Extension Crank Operators
2.3.3 Mechanical Operators
2.4 THERMAL-BARRIER WINDOWS
2.5 MULLIONS
2.6 WINDOW CLEANERS' BOLTS

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 SCHEDULE
3.2 INSTALLATION
3.2.1 Method of Installation
3.2.2 Dissimilar Materials
3.2.3 Anchors and Fastenings
3.2.4 Adjustments After Installation
3.3 CLEANING

-- End of Section Table of Contents --

SECTION 08 51 13 Page 2
**************************************************************************
USACE / NAVFAC / AFCEC UFGS-08 51 13 (May 2019)

------------------------------------
Preparing Activity: NAVFAC Superseding
UFGS-08 51 13 (May 2011)

UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS

References are in agreement with UMRL dated January 2025

**************************************************************************

SECTION 08 51 13

ALUMINUM WINDOWS
05/19

**************************************************************************
NOTE: This guide specification covers the
requirements for R, LC, CW and AW performance class
aluminum windows.

Adhere to UFC 1-300-02 Unified Facilities Guide

Specifications (UFGS) Format Standard when editing
this guide specification or preparing new project
specification sections. Edit this guide
specification for project specific requirements by
adding, deleting, or revising text. For bracketed
items, choose applicable item(s) or insert
appropriate information.

Use aluminum windows (fixed or operable) in humid

locations or project locations with Environmental
Severity Classifications (ESC) of C3 thru C5. Humid
locations are those in ASHRAE climate zones 0A, 1A,
2A, 3A, 3C, 4C and 5C (as identified in ASHRAE
90.1). See UFC 1-200-01 for determination of ESC
for project locations. Aluminum will oxidize and
the specified finish should be anodic (clear or
colored). Use stainless steel hardware for operable
parts.

Remove information and requirements not required in

respective project, whether or not brackets are
present.

Comments, suggestions and recommended changes for

this guide specification are welcome and should be
submitted as a Criteria Change Request (CCR).
**************************************************************************

**************************************************************************
1. Windows requiring UL fire rating must be steel,
and may occur in conjunction with aluminum windows
which cannot be approved for this use. When steel
windows are used in conjunction with aluminum,
specify finish matching aluminum windows. Steel

SECTION 08 51 13 Page 3
 windows should be specified in Section 08 51 23
STEEL WINDOWS.

2. Aluminum windows are not acceptable for use as

security windows which should be steel, specified in
Section 08 51 23 STEEL WINDOWS. Security steel
windows are designed and constructed to give
protection against unauthorized entrance and removal
of materials from warehouses and other storage type
areas; they are not designed for detention use.
Guard windows for detention use are not included in
this guide; where such windows are desired, consult
Steel Window Institute Recommended Specifications
and manufacturers' data, and specify in Section
08 51 23 STEEL WINDOWS.

3. Specify the following items of related work

under other sections of the specifications:

a. Glass and glazing and the furnishing of glazing

clips and gaskets.

b. Caulking and sealants.

c. Structural building supports at window mullions.

d. Wood subframes for windows in frame walls.

e. Drilling and tapping for attachment of window

shades, drapery rods, and venetian blinds. The
drilling and tapping of window frames to receive
brackets for shades, venetian blinds, and curtain
rods has been omitted from this specification. It
is contemplated that this work will be done after
erection of windows by the trade for the item to be
installed. On projects where factory drilling for
these items is required, revise this specification
accordingly.

f. Brackets and supports for window shades, drapery

rods, and venetian blinds.

g. Electrical requirements for motor driven

operators.
**************************************************************************

**************************************************************************
NOTE: On the drawings, show:

1. Sizes and types of windows; metal and wood

subframes, casings, or stools; and hardware.

2. Sizes, location, and swing of ventilators;

direction of slide for sliding ventilators; location
and details of fixed sash.

3. Typical window sections and details. Show glass

thickness. Show special glazing.

SECTION 08 51 13 Page 4
 4. Method of anchoring windows to adjoining
construction; size and types of clips, anchors,
screws, or other fasteners.

5. Details of nonstructural mullions and mullion

covers; details of anchoring and reinforcing
nonstructural mullions at windows to receive window
cleaner anchors.

6. Number and locations of window cleaner anchors.

7. Locations of windows requiring special

operators. Show method of operation and concealment
of operators, cables and rods. Show wiring diagram
for motor driven operators.

8. Locations of windows designated as forced entry

resistant.
**************************************************************************

PART 1 GENERAL

1.1 REFERENCES

**************************************************************************
NOTE: This paragraph is used to list the
publications cited in the text of the guide
specification. The publications are referred to in
the text by basic designation only and listed in
this paragraph by organization, designation, date,
and title.

Use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature

when you add a Reference Identifier (RID) outside of
the Section's Reference Article to automatically
place the reference in the Reference Article. Also
use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature
to update the issue dates.

References not used in the text will automatically

be deleted from this section of the project
specification when you choose to reconcile
references in the publish print process.
**************************************************************************

The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the

extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by
the basic designation only.

ALUMINUM ASSOCIATION (AA)

AA DAF45 (2003; Reaffirmed 2009) Designation System

for Aluminum Finishes

AMERICAN ARCHITECTURAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (AAMA)

AAMA 611 (2014) Voluntary Specification for

Anodized Architectural Aluminum

SECTION 08 51 13 Page 5
AAMA 701/702 (2011) Voluntary Specification for Pile
Weatherstripping and Replaceable
Fenestration Weatherseals

AAMA 901 (2016) Voluntary Specification for Rotary

& Linear Operators in Window Applications

AAMA 902 (2016) Voluntary Specification for Sash

Balances

AAMA 907 (2015) Voluntary Specification for

Corrosion Resistant Coatings on Carbon
Steel Components Used in Windows, Doors
and Skylights

AAMA 1503 (2009) Voluntary Test Method for Thermal

Transmittance and Condensation Resistance
of Windows, Doors and Glazed Wall Sections

AAMA 2603 (2020) Voluntary Specification,

Performance Requirements and Test
Procedures for Pigmented Organic Coatings
on Aluminum Extrusions and Panels

AAMA 2604 (2017a) Voluntary Specification,

Performance Requirements and Test
Procedures for High Performance Organic
Coatings on Aluminum Extrusions and Panels

AAMA 2605 (2020) Voluntary Specification,

Performance Requirements and Test
Procedures for Superior Performing Organic
Coatings on Aluminum Extrusions and Panels

AAMA WSG.1 (1995) Window Selection Guide

AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 (2017) North American Fenestration

Standard/Specification for Windows, Doors,
and Skylights

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING

ENGINEERS (ASHRAE)

ASHRAE 169 (2021) Climate Data for Building Design

Standards

ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)

ASTM A276/A276M (2024) Standard Specification for

Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes

ASTM D3656/D3656M (2013) Standard Specification for Insect

Screening and Louver Cloth Woven from
Vinyl-Coated Glass Yarns

ASTM E90 (2023) Standard Test Method for Laboratory

Measurement of Airborne Sound Transmission
Loss of Building Partitions and Elements

SECTION 08 51 13 Page 6
ASTM E413 (2022) Classification for Rating Sound
Insulation

ASTM E1300 (2024) Standard Practice for Determining

Load Resistance of Glass in Buildings

ASTM E1332 (2016) Standard Classification for Rating

Outdoor-Indoor Sound Attenuation

ASTM E1886 (2019) Standard Test Method for

Performance of Exterior Windows, Curtain
Walls, Doors, and Impact Protective
Systems Impacted by Missile(s) and Exposed
to Cyclic Pressure Differentials

ASTM E1996 (2017) Standard Specification for

Performance of Exterior Windows, Curtain
Walls, Doors, and Impact Protective
Systems Impacted by Windborne Debris in
Hurricanes

ASTM F588 (2017) Standard Test Methods for Measuring

the Forced Entry Resistance of Window
Assemblies, Excluding Glazing Impact

ASTM F1642/F1642M (2017) Standard Test Method for Glazing

and Glazing Systems Subject to Airblast
Loadings

ASTM F2248 (2012) Standard Practice for Specifying an

Equivalent 3-Second Duration Design
Loading for Blast Resistant Glazing
Fabricated with Laminated Glass

ASTM F2912 (2017) Standard Specification for Glazing

and Glazing Systems Subject to Airblast
Loadings

INTERNATIONAL WINDOW CLEANING ASSOCIATION (IWCA)

IWCA I-14.1 (2001) Window Cleaning Safety Standard

NATIONAL FENESTRATION RATING COUNCIL (NFRC)

NFRC 100 (2020) Procedure for Determining

Fenestration Product U-Factors

NFRC 200 (2020) Procedure for Determining

Fenestration Product Solar Heat Gain
Coefficient and Visible Transmittance at
Normal Incidence

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA)

NFPA 101 (2024) Life Safety Code

PASSIVE HOUSE INSTITUTE - US (PHIUS)

PHIUS Certified Certified Data Program for Window

SECTION 08 51 13 Page 7
 Performance

PASSIVE HOUSE INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL (PHI)

Passivhaus Certified (2012) Certification of Passive House

Suitable Components

Passivhaus Criteria (2012) Certification Criteria for

Certified Passive House Glazings and
Transparent Components

SCREEN MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (SMA)

SMA 1004 (1987; R 1998) Aluminum Tubular Frame

Screens for Windows

SMA 1201 (R 2013) Specifications for Insect Screens

for Windows, Sliding Doors and Swinging
Doors

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DOD)

UFC 4-010-01 (2018; with Change 3, 2024) DoD Minimum

Antiterrorism Standards for Buildings

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (DOE)

Energy Star (1992; R 2006) Energy Star Energy

Efficiency Labeling System (FEMP)

1.2 SUBMITTALS

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Review Submittal Description (SD) definitions
in Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES and edit
the following list, and corresponding submittal
items in the text, to reflect only the submittals
required for the project. The Guide Specification
technical editors have classified those items that
require Government approval, due to their complexity
or criticality, with a "G." Generally, other
submittal items can be reviewed by the Contractor's
Quality Control System. Only add a "G" to an item
if the submittal is sufficiently important or
complex in context of the project.

For Army projects, fill in the empty brackets

following the "G" classification, with a code of up
to three characters to indicate the approving
authority. Codes for Army projects using the
Resident Management System (RMS) are: "AE" for
Architect-Engineer; "DO" for District Office
(Engineering Division or other organization in the
District Office); "AO" for Area Office; "RO" for
Resident Office; and "PO" for Project Office. Codes
following the "G" typically are not used for Navy
and Air Force projects.

The "S" classification indicates submittals required

SECTION 08 51 13 Page 8
 as proof of compliance for sustainability Guiding
Principles Validation or Third Party Certification
and as described in Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL
PROCEDURES.
**************************************************************************

Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" or "S"

classification. Submittals not having a "G" or "S" classification are for
Contractor Quality Control approval. Submittals not having a "G" or "S"
classification are for information only. When used, a code following the
"G" classification identifies the office that will review the submittal
for the Government. Submit the following in accordance with Section
01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:

SD-02 Shop Drawings

Windows; G, [_____]

Fabrication Drawings

SD-03 Product Data

Windows; G, [_____]

[ Recycled Content of Aluminum Windows; S

] Hardware; G, [_____]

Fasteners; G, [_____]

Window Performance; G, [_____]

Thermal-Barrier Windows; G, [_____]

Mullions; G, [_____]

Window Cleaners' Bolts; G, [_____]

Screens; G, [_____]

Weatherstripping; G, [_____]

Accessories; G, [_____]

Adhesives

Thermal Performance; G, [_____]

Energy Star Label For Residential Aluminum Window Products; S

SD-04 Samples

Finish Sample

Window Sample

[ Window Mock-Ups; G, [_____]

] SD-05 Design Data

SECTION 08 51 13 Page 9
 Structural Calculations for Deflection; G, [_____]

Design Analysis; G, [_____]

SD-06 Test Reports

Minimum Condensation Resistance Factor

[ Resistance to Forced Entry

][ Standard Airblast Test; G, [_____]

][ Windborne-Debris-Impact Performance

] SD-07 Certificates

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Provide engineer's qualifications when
required to show conformance to UFC 4-010-01, DoD
Minimum Antiterrorism Requirements for Buildings.
**************************************************************************

[ Engineer's Qualifications

] SD-10 Operation and Maintenance Data

Windows, Data Package 1; G, [_____]

Submit in accordance with Section 01 78 23 OPERATION AND

MAINTENANCE DATA.

Plastic Identification

1.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE

1.3.1 Qualification of Manufacturer

Window manufacturer must specialize in designing and manufacturing the

type of aluminum windows specified in this section, and have a minimum of
[_____] years of documented successful experience. Manufacturer must have
the facilities capable of meeting contract requirements, single-source
responsibility and warranty.

1.3.2 Shop Drawing Requirements

Take field measurements prior to preparation of drawings and

fabrications. Provide drawings that indicate elevations of windows,
full-size sections, thickness and gages of metal, fastenings, proposed
method of anchoring, size and spacing of anchors, details of construction,
method of glazing, details of operating hardware, [mullion details,]
[method and materials for weatherstripping,] [method of attaching
screens,] [material and method of attaching subframes,] [stools,]
[casings,] [sills,] [trim,] [window cleaner anchors,] installation
details, and other related items.

[1.3.3 Engineer's Qualifications for Blast Design

**************************************************************************

SECTION 08 51 13 Page 10
 NOTE: Provide engineer's qualifications when
required to show conformance to UFC 4-010-01, DoD
Minimum Antiterrorism Requirements for Buildings.
**************************************************************************

All blast design calculations must be performed by or under the direct

supervision of a registered engineer with a minimum of 5 years experience
performing blast design. The engineer performing the blast design must be
able to demonstrate experience on similar size projects using similar
design methods to meet the requirements outlined in this specification.

]1.3.4 Sample Requirements

1.3.4.1 Finish Sample Requirements

Submit color chart of standard factory color coatings when factory-finish

color coating is to be provided.

1.3.4.2 Window Sample Requirements

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Choose one of the following options. Include
the first choice for projects requiring a large
number of windows. Include the second choice for
projects requiring a limited number of windows.
**************************************************************************

[ Submit one full-size window of each type proposed for use, complete with
AAMA Label, glazing, hardware, anchors, and other accessories. Where
screens or weatherstripping is required, fit sample windows with such
items that are to be used. After approval, install each sample in work,
clearly identified, and record its location.

][Submit one full-size corner of each window type proposed for use. Where
screens or weatherstripping is required, fit sample with such items that
are to be used.

][1.3.4.3 Mock-Ups

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Requesting mock-up samples of aluminum
windows is not required for most projects. Size of
project and scope of quality control should be
carefully evaluated before requiring Contractor to
provide a costly mock-up. Delete paragraph if
mock-ups are not required.
**************************************************************************

Before fabrication, full-size mock-up of [each type of aluminum window]

[one window unit] [_____] complete with glass and AAMA certification label
for structural purposes and NFRC Temporary and Permanent Label for
certification of thermal performance rating will be required for review of
window construction and quality of hardware operation.

]1.3.5 Design Data Requirements

Submit calculations to substantiate compliance with deflection

requirements[ and Antiterrorism Performance Requirements]. A registered
Professional Engineer must provide calculations.

SECTION 08 51 13 Page 11
 Submit design analysis with calculations showing that the design of each
different size and type of aluminum window unit and its anchorage to the
structure[.] [meets the requirements of paragraph ANTITERRORISM
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS.] Calculations verifying the structural
performance of each window proposed for use, under the given loads, must
be prepared and signed by a registered professional engineer. Reflect the
window components and anchorage devices to the structure, as determined by
the design analysis, in the shop drawings.

1.3.6 Test Report Requirements

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Include bracketed wording when windows are
required to resist blast loads all required by UFC
4-010-01, DoD Minimum Antiterrorism Requirements for
Buildings.
**************************************************************************

Submit test reports for each type of window attesting that identical
windows have been tested and meet the requirements specified herein for
conformance to AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 including test size, [and]
minimum condensation resistance factor (CRF)[, and resistance to forced
entry][, and, for Antiterrorism windows, in lieu of a Design Analysis,
results of a Standard Airblast Test].[ For Antiterrorism windows, in lieu
of a Design Analysis, results of airblast testing, whether by arena test
or shock tube, must be included in a test report, providing information in
accordance with ASTM F1642/F1642M, as prepared by the independent testing
agency performing the test. The test results must demonstrate the ability
of each window proposed for use to withstand the airblast loading
parameters and achieve the hazard level rating specified in paragraph
STANDARD AIRBLAST TEST METHOD.]

1.3.7 Certification

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Energy Star Certification is required for
residential windows. FEMP Designation, Passivhaus,
and PHIUS Certifications are methods to ensure
compliance with thermal performance.
**************************************************************************

Ensure that construction is performed with products that meet or exceed [

Energy Star criteria,] [FEMP Designated criteria,] [and Passivhaus Criteria
] [Passivhaus Certified] [and be current in their certification].[
Provide PHIUS Certified window performance.]

Each prime window unit must bear the AAMA Label warranting that the
product complies with AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440. Certified test
reports attesting that the prime window units meet the requirements of
AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, including test size, will be acceptable in
lieu of product labeling.

1.4 DELIVERY AND STORAGE

Deliver windows to project site in an undamaged condition. Use care in

handling and hoisting windows during transportation and at the jobsite.
Store windows and components out of contact with the ground, under a
weathertight covering, so as to prevent bending, warping, or otherwise

SECTION 08 51 13 Page 12
 damaging the windows. Repair damaged windows to an "as new" condition as
approved. If windows can not be repaired, provide a new unit.

1.5 PLASTIC IDENTIFICATION

**************************************************************************
NOTE: The marking system indicated below is
intended to provide assistance in identification of
products for making subsequent decisions as to
handling, recycling, or disposal.
**************************************************************************

Label plastic products provided to indicate their polymeric composition

according to the following list. Where products are not labeled, provide
product data indicating polymeric information in Operation and Maintenance
Manual.

a. Type 1: Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET, PETE).

b. Type 2: High Density Polyethylene (HDPE).

c. Type 3: Vinyl (Polyvinyl Chloride or PVC).

d. Type 4: Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE).

e. Type 5: Polypropylene (PP).

f. Type 6: Polystyrene (PS).

g. Type 7: Other. Use of this code indicates that the package in

question is made with a resin other than the six listed above, or is
made of more than one resin listed above, and used in a multi-layer
combination.

1.6 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

1.6.1 Wind Loading Design Pressure

Design window components, including mullions, hardware, and anchors, to

withstand a wind-loading design pressure of at least [_____] pascal pounds
per square foot (psf).

[1.6.2 Tests

Test windows proposed for use in accordance with

AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 for the particular type and quality window
specified.

Perform tests by a nationally recognized independent testing laboratory

equipped and capable of performing the required tests. Submit the results
of the tests as certified laboratory reports required herein.

Minimum design load for a uniform-load structural test must be 2400 pascal
50 psf.

[ Test projected windows in accordance with the applicable portions of the

AAMA WSG.1 for air infiltration, water resistance, uniform-load
deflection, and uniform-load structural test.

SECTION 08 51 13 Page 13
][Test double-hung windows in accordance with the applicable portions of the
AAMA WSG.1 for air infiltration, water resistance, uniform-load
deflection, and uniform-load structural test.

]]1.7 DRAWINGS

Submit the Fabrication Drawings for aluminum window units showing complete
window assembly including hardware, weatherstripping, and subframe
assembly details.

1.8 WINDOW PERFORMANCE

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Structural performance, air infiltration and
water penetration are standard performance
requirements for all aluminum window types.

Design must meet the requirements of UFC 1-200-02,

"High Performance and Sustainable Building
Requirements" which invokes the requirements within
UFC 3-101-01, "Architecture". UFC 1-00-02 and UFC
3-101-01 make references throughout to various
ASHRAE documents governing energy efficiency and
requirements for the components of building envelope
design including fenestrations and glazing.

ANTITERRORISM PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS and SOUND

ATTENUATION sections below are optional to designer,
and must be omitted or revised as needed to meet
project requirements.

Applicability of UFC 4-010-01 DoD Minimum

Antiterrorism Standards for Buildings

The antiterrorism (AT) standards contained in UFC

4-010-01 DO NOT establish the Design Basis Threat
(DBT) or the Level of Protection (LOP) for DoD
buildings. Installation Antiterrorism Plans may
define a DBT for the installation. Use UFC 4-020-01
(Security Engineering: Facilities Planning Manual)
to establish and/or validate the DBT and LOP for
individual projects. The process outlined in UFC
4-020-01 will determine if the minimum AT standards
are adequate or if additional protective measures
are required. Where a specific DBT and LOP are
identified, additional guidance is included in
Appendix B (Best Practices) of UFC 04-010-01. For
buildings that are outside an installation
perimeter, use UFC 4-020-01 to establish the DBT and
LOP. The DBT and LOP will result in a
representative standoff distance for the appropriate
construction - window systems (glazing, frame,
connections) in this instance.

A structural analysis will need to be performed to

determine if the most stringent loading on window
assembly is from antiterrorism blast loads or
windborne debris in high wind regions.
**************************************************************************

SECTION 08 51 13 Page 14
 Aluminum windows must meet the following performance requirements.
Perform testing requirements by an independent testing laboratory or
agency.

1.8.1 Structural Performance

Structural test pressures on window units must be for positive load

(inward) and negative load (outward). After testing, there will be no
glass breakage, permanent damage to fasteners, hardware parts, support
arms or actuating mechanisms or any other damage which could cause window
to be inoperable. There must be no permanent deformation of any main
frame, sash or ventilator member in excess of the requirements established
by AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 for the window types and classification
specified in this section.

[1.8.2 Antiterrorism Performance Requirements

Windows must meet the antiterrorism performance criteria as specified in

the paragraphs below in accordance with UFC 4-010-01. Conformance to the
performance requirements must be validated by one of the following methods.

1.8.2.1 Computational Design Analysis Method

Design window assembly to the criteria listed herein. Include

computational design analysis calculations verifying the structural
performance of each window assembly proposed for use, under the given
static equivalent loads.

Design window frames, mullions, sashes, and glazing to the criteria listed
herein. Include computational design analysis calculations verifying the
structural performance of each window system proposed for use, under the
given static equivalent loads.

**************************************************************************
NOTE: The blanks in the following paragraph should
be the value of the equivalent 3-second duration
design loading obtained from Figure 1 of ASTM F2248
for the explosive weight and standoff distance
combination (based on the established DBT/LOP) that
is being designed for in this project. This section
must be completed by an engineer experienced in
blast-resistant design.
**************************************************************************

Glazing resistance must be greater than equivalent 3-second duration

loading of [_____] Pascal pounds per square foot (psf) for type [_____]
window[ and [_____] Pascal psf for the remaining window types]. The
glazing frame bite for the window frames must be in accordance with
ASTM F2248.

Design Aluminum/Steel window framing members to restrict deflections of

the edges of glazing they support to L/60 under two times (2X) the glazing
resistance per the requirements of ASTM F2248 and ASTM E1300.

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Connection Design: For mullion and framing
members designed using dynamic analysis or shown to
work through airblast testing, all connections

SECTION 08 51 13 Page 15
 between mullions and/or framing members and all
connections of storefront systems to the supporting
structure must be designed for the full dynamic
capacity of the attached member or the maximum
calculated dynamic reaction with a load factor equal
to 1.0. Use ultimate capacity of fasteners as
recommended by the fastener manufacturer with a
capacity reduction factor of 0.75. Use Load and
Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) with appropriate
reduction (phi) factors per material specific code
for design of connections components into supporting
structure. All dynamic and static material strength
increase factors for the connection components must
be equal to 1.0. All connection designs must be
performed checking all conventional failure
mechanisms. See Engineering Technical Report (PDC
TR-10-02) titled Blast Resistant Design Methodology
for Window Systems Designed Statically and
Dynamically at USACE Protective Design Center
(Website link:
https://pdc.usace.army.mil/library/tr/10-02) for
additional information. Calculations/Design
Analysis for the connection design as stated above
must be completed by an engineer experienced in
blast-resistant design.
**************************************************************************

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Use the first bracketed requirement below if
the maximum air blast pressure is greater than
one-half the magnitude of the load resistance of the
blast resistant glazing.

Use the second bracketed requirement below if the

maximum air blast pressure is less than one-half the
magnitude of the load resistance of the blast
resistant glazing.
**************************************************************************

[ Anchor window frames to the supporting structure with anchors designed to

resist [two times (2X)][one time (1X)] the glazing resistance in
accordance with ASTM F2248 and ASTM E1300.

]1.8.2.2 Dynamic Design Analysis Method

**************************************************************************
NOTE: The blanks in the following paragraph should
be the value of the peak positive pressure and
impulse for the explosive weight and standoff
distance combination (based on the established
DBT/LOP) that is being designed for in this
project. Choose the first bracketed items, low
hazard rating/very low level of protection for
inhabited building occupancy as defined in UFC
4-010-01 (Table B-1). Choose the second bracketed
items, very low hazard rating/low level of
protection for primary gathering/billeting building
occupancy as defined in UFC 4-010-01 (Table B-1).
Dynamic analysis is preferred because it typically

SECTION 08 51 13 Page 16
 yields a more appropriate and economical / efficient
design. The values for input into the blanks in the
following paragraph related to ‘ductility ratio’ and
‘maximum support rotation’ (for the appropriate
level of protection – very low, low) for steel and
aluminum framing/mullions can be found in
Engineering Technical Report (PDC TR-10-02) titled
Blast Resistant Design Methodology for Window
Systems Designed Statically and Dynamically at USACE
Protective Design Center (Website link:
https://pdc.usace.army.mil/library/tr/10-02). This
section must be completed by an engineer experienced
in blast-resistant design.
**************************************************************************

Design window assembly using a dynamic analysis to prove the system will
provide performance equivalent to or better than a [low];[very low];
[_____] hazard rating in accordance with ASTM F2912 for the peak positive
pressure of [_____] kilopascals (kPa) [_____]pounds per square inch (psi)
and peak positive phase impulse of [_____] kilopascal-millisecond
(kPa-msec) [_____] pounds per square inch - millisecond (psi-msec). Use a
triangular blast load using the applicable pressure and impulse indicated
above. The allowable response limits of [aluminum] [steel] frame elements
are as follows: Maximum ductility ratio of [_____] and maximum support
rotation of [_____] degrees.

1.8.2.3 Standard Airblast Test Method

**************************************************************************
NOTE: The blanks in the following paragraph should
be the value of the peak positive pressure and
impulse for the explosive weight and standoff
distance combination (based on the established
DBT/LOP) that is being designed for in this
project. Choose the first bracketed items, low
hazard rating/very low level of protection for
inhabited building occupancy as defined in UFC
4-010-01. Choose the second bracketed items, very
low hazard rating/low level of protection for
primary gathering building occupancy as defined in
UFC 4-010-01. This section must be completed by an
engineer experienced in blast-resistant design.
**************************************************************************

As an alternative to the 'Computational Design Analysis Method' and

'Dynamic Design Analysis Method' indicated above, window [_____] assembly
may be tested for evaluation of hazards generated from airblast loading in
accordance with ASTM F1642/F1642M by an independent testing agency
regularly engaged in blast testing. For proposed window systems that are
of the same type as the tested system but of different size, the test
results may be accepted provided the proposed window size is within the
range from 25 percent smaller to 10 percent larger in area and aspect
ratio of the original qualified tested glazing systems in accordance with
ASTM F2912. Proposed window system/assembly of a size outside this range
will require testing to evaluate their hazard rating or are certified by
the 'Dynamic Design Analysis Method' indicated above. Testing may be by
shock tube or arena test. Perform the test on the entire proposed window
system/assembly, including, the glazing, its framing/support system,
operating devices, and all anchorage devices. Window support system

SECTION 08 51 13 Page 17
 replicate anchorage of the window support system with the method of
installation to be used for the project. The minimum airblast loading
parameters for the test will be as follows: peak positive pressure of
[_____] kilopascals (kPa) [_____] pounds per square inch (psi) and peak
positive phase impulse of [_____] kilopascal-millisecond (kPa-msec)
[_____] pounds per square inch - millisecond (psi-msec). The hazard
rating for the proposed window systems, as determined by the rating
criteria of ASTM F2912, to provide performance equivalent to or better
than a [low];[very low]; [_____] hazard rating (i.e. the "No Break", "No
Hazard", "Minimal Hazard", "Very Low Hazard" and “Low Hazard” ratings are
acceptable. "High Hazard" ratings are unacceptable. Results of window
systems previously tested by test protocols other than ASTM F1642/F1642M
may be accepted provided the required loading, hazard level rating, and
size limitations stated herein are met.

]1.8.3 Air Infiltration

Air infiltration must not exceed the amount established by

AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 for each window type.

1.8.4 Water Penetration

Water penetration must not exceed the amount established by

AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 for each window type.

1.8.5 Thermal Performance

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Window properties are critical to energy
performance and comfort. Specify low U value (rate
of heat transfer) to reduce winter heat loss and
summer heat gain.

Energy Star labeling is applicable to residential

units only.

For nonresidential applications, refer to UFC

1-200-02, High Performance and Sustainable Building
Requirements, for minimum requirements for energy
efficiency and meeting minimum building envelope
requirements of UFC 3-101-01 including fenestrations
and glazing.

Coordinate with Section 08 81 00 GLAZING. Designer

must verify availability and adequate competition
for products meeting bracketed energy performance
requirements before specifying and edit as needed.
**************************************************************************

Windows (including frames and glass) will be independently tested and

certified with a Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) determined according
to NFRC 200 procedures and a whole window U-factor determined in
accordance with NFRC 100 within the ranges as indicated below according to
the ASHRAE 169 Climate Zone of the project location.[ Windows used solely
within the interior of a conditioned envelope are exempted from meeting
U-Factor and SHGC requirements, unless otherwise noted.] Provide visual
Transmittance (VT) of 0.5 or greater. Submit documentation supporting
compliance with Energy Star, FEMP designated, and Passive House
qualifications as applicable. Provide proof of Energy Star label for

SECTION 08 51 13 Page 18
 residential aluminum window products.

[1.8.5.1 Southern Climate

Windows installed in Climate Zone [1] [2] will have a U-Factor of [1.3]
[1.25] [_____] W/m2.degrees C [0.40][_____] BTU/h.ft2.degrees F or less and
a SHGC of [0.25] [_____] or less.

][1.8.5.2 South-Central Climate

Windows installed within Climate Zone 3 will have a U-Factor of [0.85]

[1.25] [_____] W/m2.degrees C [0.30][_____] BTU/h.ft2.degrees F or less and
a SHGC of [0.25] [_____] or less.

][1.8.5.3 North-Central Climate

Windows installed within Climate Zone 4 will have a U-Factor of [0.85]

[1.25] [_____] W/m2.degrees C [0.30] [_____] BTU/h.ft2.degrees F or less
and a SHGC of [0.36] [_____] or less.

][1.8.5.4 Northern Climate

Windows installed within Climate Zone [5] [6] [7] will have a U-Factor of
[0.65] [1.25][_____] W/m2.degrees C [0.27] [_____] BTU/h.ft2.degrees F or
less and a SHGC of [0.36] [0.41] [_____] or less.

][1.8.5.5 Subarctic Climate

Windows installed within Climate Zone 8 will have a U-Factor of [0.45]

[1.25] [_____] W/m2.degrees C [0.08] [0.22] [_____] BTU/h.ft2.degrees F or
less. There is no SHGC limit for this climate zone.

][1.8.6 Life Safety Criteria

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Designer must indicate on the drawings which
windows serve as rescue and/or secondary means of
escape.
**************************************************************************

Provide windows that conform to NFPA 101 Life Safety Code when rescue
and/or second means of escape are indicated.

][1.8.7 Sound Attenuation

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Aluminum environmental control windows have a
"built-in" sound attenuation. This paragraph will
be used only when sound attenuation is a design
parameter. Use outside-indoor transmission class
(OITC) when exterior source noise is a concern.
**************************************************************************

When tested in accordance with AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 or the

following below, provide a minimum Sound Transmission Class (STC) of 35 in
accordance with ASTM E90 and as determined by ASTM E413 or Outside-Indoor
Transmission Class (OITC) of 25 in accordance with ASTM E1332 and as
determined by ASTM E413 with the window glazed with 13 mm 1/2 inch air

SECTION 08 51 13 Page 19
 space between two pieces of 6 mm 1/4 inch.

][1.8.8 Windborne-Debris-Impact Performance

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Retain WINDBORNE-DEBRIS-IMPACT RESISTANCE
Paragraph if required by Project. The UFC 1-200-01
DoD Building Code cited IBC defines windborne debris
regions. Enhanced protection applies to essential
facilities. Verify site specific requirements with
the AHJ. Delete items not required.
**************************************************************************

Exterior window system including glazing must comply with indicated basis
or enhanced protection testing requirements in ASTM E1996 for [Wind Zone
1] [Wind Zone 2] [Wind Zone 3] [Wind Zone 4] when tested according to
ASTM E1886. Test specimens must be no smaller in width and length than
glazing indicated for use on Project and must be installed in same manner
as glazing indicated for use on Project.

a. Refer to drawings for classification of window requiring basic or

enhanced protection.

[ b. Large-Missile Test: For glazing located within 9.1 m 30 feet of grade.

][c. Small-Missile Test: For glazing located more than 9.1 m 30 feet above
grade.

]]1.9 WARRANTY

Provide Manufacturer's standard performance guarantees or warranties that

extend beyond a 1 year period.

PART 2 PRODUCTS

2.1 WINDOWS

**************************************************************************
NOTE: AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 includes a
designation system with a four part code, which
includes Product Type, Performance Class,
Performance Grade (design pressure) and maximum size
tested to achieve desired rating (example Double
Hung or H, CW30 760 by 1520 (30 by 60)). Product
Type is an abbreviation for window type (AP for
awning, hopper, projected window, C for casement, H
for hung, etc.). Performance classes represent the
level of performance (R, LC, CW and AW).
Performance Grade represents the design pressure to
which the window is constructed.

AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 establishes minimum

Performance Grade for each Performance Class: 15
for R (corresponding to a design pressure of 720 Pa
15 psf); 25 for LC (corresponding to a design
pressure of 1200 Pa 25 psf); 30 for CW
(corresponding to a design pressure of 1440 Pa 30 psf
); and 40 for AW (corresponding to a design pressure
of 1920 Pa 40 psf).

SECTION 08 51 13 Page 20
 AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 also includes criteria
for specifying windows required to meet higher
design pressures if minimum pressure is inadequate.
These windows are designated as Optional Performance
Grade and should be specified in increments of 240 Pa
5 psf above the minimum Performance Grade.
**************************************************************************

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Consult AAMA 1503 "Voluntary Test Method for
Transmittance and Condensation Resistance of
Windows, Doors and Glazed Wall Sections" and select
the minimum Condensation Resistance Factor (CRF)
required for the particular project conditions.
**************************************************************************

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Consult AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 to
calculate design pressure(s) applicable to the
project. Adjust "design factors" because naval
facilities are typically less than 100 miles from
hurricane ocean line.
**************************************************************************

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Use materials with recycled content where
appropriate for use. Verify suitability,
availability within the region, cost effectiveness
and adequate competition before specifying product
recycled content requirements.
**************************************************************************

Provide prime windows that comply with AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 and

the requirements specified herein. In addition to compliance with
AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, window framing members for each individual
light of glass must not deflect to the extent that deflection
perpendicular to the glass light exceeds L/175 of the glass edge length
when subjected to uniform loads at specified design pressures. Provide
Structural calculations for deflection to substantiate compliance with
deflection requirements. Provide windows of types, performance classes,
performance grades, combinations, and sizes indicated or specified.[
Provide aluminum window frames with a minimum recycled content of 20
percent. Provide data identifying percentage of recycled content of
aluminum windows.] Design windows to accommodate hardware, glass,
weatherstripping, screens, and accessories to be furnished. Each window
must be a complete factory assembled unit with or without glass
installed. Dimensions shown are minimum. Provide windows with insulating
glass and thermal break necessary to achieve a minimum Condensation
Resistance Factor (CRF) of [_____] when tested in accordance with AAMA 1503.
Provide manufacturer's standard hardware fabricated from aluminum,
stainless steel, carbon steel complying with AAMA 907, or other
corrosion-resistant material compatible with adjacent materials; designed
to smoothly operate, tightly close, and securely lock windows, and sized
to accommodate sash weight and dimensions.

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Performance Grades represent design pressure
values for which products have been tested. Specify

SECTION 08 51 13 Page 21
 an Optional Performance Grade where a higher than
minimum Performance Grade is desired due to severe
weather conditions and wind loadings. Optional
Performance Grade windows must be tested in
compliance with AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440.
Testing must substantiate requirements for uniform
loading (structural), water resistance, and air
infiltration.
**************************************************************************

2.1.1 Awning Windows (AP)

Type AP-[R15] [LC25] [CW30] [AW40] [ [R] [LC] [CW] [AW]- [_____] (Optional
Performance Grade)]. Conceal operating mechanism within the frame members
or enclose within a metal casing not less than 1.59 mm 0.0625 inch thick
sheet aluminum.

2.1.2 Casement Windows (C)

Type C-[R15] [LC25] [CW30] [AW40] [ [R] [LC] [CW] [AW]- [_____] (Optional
Performance Grade)]. Ventilators must be[ rotary crank][ handle]
operated. Provide ventilators over 1650 millimeters 65 inches high with
two separate locking devices or a two-point locking device operated by
rods from a single lever handle. Conceal rods where possible.[ Provide
casement windows in combination with [fixed][projected] windows specified
below.]

2.1.3 Hung Windows (H)

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Tilt-in windows most likely will not meet
ATFP pressure requirements and should not be
specified if force protection is required.
**************************************************************************

[Double][_____] Hung, Type H-[R15] [LC25] [CW30 ][AW40] [ [R] [LC] [CW]
[AW]- [_____] (Optional Performance Grade)]. Test and rate sash balance
to conform with AAMA 902.

Design windows, mullions, hardware, and anchors to withstand the wind

loading specified.

2.1.4 Horizontal Sliding Windows (HS)

Type HS-[R15] [LC25] [CW30] [AW40] [ [R] [LC] [CW] [AW]- [_____] (Optional
Performance Grade)].

2.1.5 Projected Windows (AP)

Type AP-[R15] [LC25] [CW30] [AW40] [ [R] [LC] [CW] [AW]- [_____] (Optional
Performance Grade)]. Provide projected windows with concealed four bar
friction hinges only. Gear-type rotary hardware to comply with AAMA 901.
Provide operators that function without requiring the removal of interior
screens.

2.1.6 Top-Hinged Windows (TH)

Type TH-[CW30] [AW40] [ [CW] [AW]- [_____] (Optional Performance Grade)].

Top-hinged windows must be [inswinging][outswinging].

SECTION 08 51 13 Page 22
2.1.7 Vertically Pivoted Windows (VP)

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Pivoting windows most likely will not meet
ATFP pressure requirements and should not be
specified if force protection is required.
**************************************************************************

Type VP-[R15] [LC25] [CW30] [AW40] [ [R] [LC] [CW] [AW]-[_____] (Optional
Performance Grade)].[ Provide window with remotely operated venetian
blind mounted between an access sash and the main sash.]

2.1.8 Fixed Windows (F)

Type F-[R15] [LC25] [CW30] [AW40] [ [R] [LC] [CW] [AW]- [_____] (Optional
Performance Grade)].

2.1.9 Forced Entry Resistant Windows

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Conventional aluminum windows offer nominal
resistance to forced entry by unskilled or
opportunistic intruders. While there is no way to
make a window absolutely "burglar proof," windows
complying with AAMA 1302 can provide reasonable
assurance that entry, or attempted entry, will leave
ample evidence of "forced entry." It establishes
only a pass/fail condition when specific
concentrated loads are applied to sash or ventilator
in attempt to open or remove sash or ventilator from
window frame and specifies no measured time delay.
It provides moderate degree of security against
unskilled or opportunistic intruder at little or no
additional cost. When forced entry resistant
windows are specified, coordinate glazing
requirements and specify impact resistant glass and
glazing materials in Section 08 81 00 GLAZING.

For projects requiring security windows, specify

steel security windows in Section 08 51 23 STEEL
WINDOWS. Protection in high crime areas against
skilled professional intruders requires a more
sophisticated approach to physical security. Consult
Design Manual 13.1 "Physical Security" for
recommendations.
**************************************************************************

In addition to meeting the requirements of AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440,

windows designated for resistance to forced entry must conform to the
requirements of ASTM F588.

2.1.10 Glass and Glazing

Materials are specified in Section 08 81 00 GLAZING.

2.1.11 Caulking and Sealing

Are specified in Section 07 92 00 JOINT SEALANTS.

SECTION 08 51 13 Page 23
2.1.12 Weatherstripping

AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440. Provide for all ventilating (operable) sash

for all windows. Provide woven wool pile weatherstripping 5.3 millimeter
0.210 inch thick, conforming to AAMA 701/702, or polypropylene
multifilament fiber weatherstripping installed in an integral
weatherstripping groove in the sash or frame, and flexible
polyvinylchloride weatherstripping installed in the sill member.

2.1.13 Sash Poles

Seamless aluminum tube, 1.59 mm 0.0625 inch minimum wall thickness, 25 mm

one inch diameter, [_____] m feet long, with cast aluminum hook and
protective cover or tip on the lower end. Finish must match windows.

2.2 FABRICATION

Fabrication of window units must comply with AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440.

2.2.1 Provisions for Glazing

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Specify glass thickness and vinyl gaskets in
Section 08 81 00 GLAZING. Inside glazing is
preferred, especially for windows above first floor
and other locations where access is difficult.
Windows designed for inside glazing may not be
available in double-hung type; check manufacturers'
literature. Where project requires insulating
glass, show sash members, glazing beads, and
hardware of sufficient size and weight to receive
and support glass of thickness specified. Allow 3 mm
1/8 inch minimum between each side of insulating
glass and metal frame and between edges of glass and
frame for glazing compound and expansion. Drawings
must clearly indicate method for securing insulating
glass in place.
**************************************************************************

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Include the bracket option for minimum
glazing frame bite requirements when personnel
density is greater than one person per 40 square
meters 430 square feet and minimum ATFP standoff
distances are met. This does not include guard type
facilities, single and duplex detached family
housing. These requirements are specified in
Department of Defense Antiterrorism Standards for
Buildings.
**************************************************************************

Design windows and rabbets suitable for glass thickness shown [or
specified].[ For minimum antiterrorism windows, attach glazing to its
supporting frame using structural silicone sealant or adhesive glazing
tape in accordance with ASTM F2248.] Design sash for[ inside][ outside][
single][ double] glazing and for securing glass with[ metal beads,][
glazing clips,][ glazing channels,] or glazing compound.

SECTION 08 51 13 Page 24
2.2.2 Fasteners

Use window manufacturer's standard for windows, trim, and accessories.

Self-tapping sheet-metal screws are not acceptable for material more than
2 mm 1/16 inch thick.

2.2.3 Adhesives

Provide joint sealants as specified in Section 07 92 00 JOINT SEALANTS.

For interior application of joint sealants, comply with applicable
regulations regarding reduced VOC's, and as specified in Section 07 92 00
JOINT SEALANTS.

2.2.4 Drips and Weep Holes

Provide continuous drips over heads of top ventilators. Where fixed

windows adjoin ventilators, drips must be continuous across tops of fixed
windows. Provide drips and weep holes as required to return water to the
outside.

2.2.5 Combination Windows

Windows used in combination must be factory assembled of the same class

and grade. Where factory assembly of individual windows into larger units
is limited by transportation considerations, prefabricate, match mark,
transport, and field assemble.

2.2.6 Mullions and Transom Bars

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Specify the design pressure used to specify
the Performance Grade or the Optional Performance
Grade for the adjoining windows.
**************************************************************************

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Include the bracketed paragraph included
under the "WINDOWS" heading for static loads when
minimum measures of antiterrorism/force protection
(ATFP) are required and delete the first bracketed
sentence in the following paragraph.
**************************************************************************

[Provide mullions between multiple window units to resist two times (2X)
glazing resistance in accordance with ASTM F2248 and ASTM E1300. ]Provide
mullions with a thermal break. Secure mullions and transom bars to
adjoining construction and window units in such a manner as to permit
expansion and contraction and to form a weathertight joint.[ Where window
cleaner anchors are required, reinforce mullions and anchor to adjoining
construction so as to provide safe and adequate support.] Provide mullion
covers on the interior and exterior to completely close exposed joints and
recesses between window units and to present a neat appearance.[ Provide
special covers over structural support at mullions as indicated.]

2.2.7 Accessories

Provide windows complete with necessary hardware, fastenings, clips, fins,

anchors, glazing beads, and other appurtenances necessary for complete
installation and proper operation.[ Furnish extruded aluminum subframe

SECTION 08 51 13 Page 25
 receptors[ and subsill] with each window unit.]

2.2.7.1 Hardware

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Use stainless steel hardware in humid
locations or project locations with Environmental
Severity Classifications (ESC) of C3 thru C5. Humid
locations are those in ASHRAE climate zones 0A, 1A,
2A, 3A, 3C, 4C and 5C (as identified in ASHRAE
90.1). See UFC 1-200-01 for determination of ESC
for project locations.
**************************************************************************

AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440. The item, type, and functional

characteristics must be the manufacturer's standard for the particular
window type. Provide [stainless steel ]hardware of suitable design and of
sufficient strength to perform the function for which it is used. Equip
all operating ventilators with a lock or latching device which can be
secured from the inside.

2.2.7.2 Fasteners

Provide concealed anchors of the type recommended by the window

manufacturer for the specific type of construction. Anchors and fasteners
must be compatible with the window and the adjoining construction. Provide
a minimum of three anchors for each jamb located approximately 150 mm 6
inches from each end and at midpoint.

2.2.7.3 Window-Cleaner Anchors

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Window-cleaner anchors should be shown and
specified for windows having sills more than 1800 mm
6 feet above grade, adjoining balconies, or
adjoining roofs, unless window cleaning methods at
activity make use of anchors unnecessary.
Coordinate window cleaning procedures and
requirements with using activity. When requested by
using activity, removable or tilting-type sash may
be provided instead of anchors. Removable or
tilting-type sash may be specified as Contractor
option when these units are desired by using
activity and are economically competitive with
double-hung sash equipped with anchors. When
appropriate, add the following at end of paragraph
WINDOW-CLEANER ANCHORS:

"Removable or tilting-type sash may be provided in

lieu of double-hung windows equipped with window
cleaner anchors. Design sash so that both sides of
glass can be readily cleaned from interior without
dismantling any part of window or screens. Provide
removable and tilting-type sash with tamper-proof
hardware to prevent sash removal by unauthorized
personnel."
**************************************************************************

Provide double head anchors for windows[ indicated][ specified]. Anchors

SECTION 08 51 13 Page 26
 must be stainless steel of size and design required for the window type
and application, conforming to ASTM A276/A276M. Provide two anchors for
each single window[ and each adjacent fixed glass window unit]. Fasten
anchors 1120 mm 44 inches above the window sill utilizing appropriate
methods for the window type and application in accordance with industry
safety standards.

2.2.7.4 Window Anchors

Anchoring devices for installing windows must be made of aluminum,

cadmium-plated steel, stainless steel, or zinc-plated steel conforming to
AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440.

2.2.8 Finishes

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Specify anodic and organic coatings as
Contractor's option when these finishes are
determined to be economically competitive in the
project area, unless the project requires use of one
or the other to match an existing condition.
**************************************************************************

Comply with NAAMM's "Metal Finishes Manual" for applying and designating
finishes. Exposed aluminum surfaces must be factory finished with an[
anodic coating][ or][ organic coating].[ Color must be [_____][ as
indicated].] All windows[ for each building] must have the same finish.

2.2.8.1 Anodic Coating

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Specify Architectural Class I in locations
with an Environmental Severity Classification (ESC)
of C3 through C5, locations where microenvironments
may create a locally corrosive environment
regardless of ESC (e.g., prevailing winds,
ventilation, waterfront environments, and
penetrations of the building envelope), high
humidity interior areas (bathrooms, locker rooms,
pools, trainers), areas open to the exterior
(mechanical rooms and hangars), and spaces that are
not conditioned by design or may not be conditioned
during prolonged periods due to deployment or
non-occupancy. See UFC 1-200-01 for determination
of ESC for project locations. Specify Architectural
Class II for all atmospheric conditions not
requiring Class I.
**************************************************************************

Clean exposed aluminum surfaces and provide an anodized finish conforming

to AA DAF45 and AAMA 611. Finish must be:

[ a. Architectural Class II ( 0.01 to 0.0175 mm 0.4 mil to 0.7 mil),

designation AA-M10-C22-[A31, clear (natural)] [A32, integral color]
[A34, electrolytically deposited color] anodized.

][b. Architectural Class I ( 0.0175 mm 0.7 mil or thicker), designation

AA-M10-C22-[A41, clear (natural)] [A42, integral color] [A44,
electrolytically deposited color] anodized.

SECTION 08 51 13 Page 27
]2.2.8.2 Organic Coating

**************************************************************************
NOTE: When anodic and organic coatings are
determined to be economically competitive in the
project area, specify baked enamel finish (AAMA
2603) as an option to Architectural Class II, anodic
coating or high-performance finish (AAMA 2604 or
AAMA 2605) as an option to Architectural Class I,
anodic coating.
**************************************************************************

Clean and prime exposed aluminum surfaces. Provide a[ baked enamel finish
in accordance with AAMA 2603 with total dry film thickness not less than
0.02 mm 0.8 mil][ high-performance finish in accordance with [AAMA 2604][
AAMA 2605] with total dry film thickness of not less than 0.03 mm 1.2 mils
].

2.2.9 Screens

AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440. Provide one insect screen for each operable

exterior sash or ventilator. Design screens to be rewirable, easily
removable from inside the building, and to permit easy access to operating
hardware. Manufacturers standard aluminum frame complying with SMA 1004
or SMA 1201. Fabricate frames with mitered or coped joints or corner
extrusion, concealed fasteners and removable PVC spline/anchors concealing
edge of frame.

2.2.9.1 Insect Screen

Insect screen mesh to be[ Glass-fiber mesh, 18x16 of PVC-coated

glass-fiber threads; woven and fused to form a fabric mesh in accordance
with ASTM D3656/D3656M][ Aluminum wire fabric, 18x16 mesh of 0.2794 mm
0.011 inch diameter coated aluminum wire].

2.3 SPECIAL OPERATORS

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Remote and group operated windows will
require special operators. Identify these windows
on the drawings and show method of operation.
**************************************************************************

For windows having operating hardware or locking or latching devices

located more than 1800 mm 6 feet above the floor, provide suitably
designed operators or locking or latching devices necessary for convenient
and proper window operation.

2.3.1 Pole Operators

Poles must be of proper length to permit window operation from 1500 mm 5

feet above the floor. Provide one pole operator for each room, and one
pole hanger for each pole. Locate hangers where directed.

2.3.2 Extension Crank Operators

Provide removable handles for crank-operated rotary-type operators located

more than 1800 mm 6 feet above the floor. Provide one removable handle

SECTION 08 51 13 Page 28
 for each room.

2.3.3 Mechanical Operators

**************************************************************************
NOTE: When motor driven operators are specified,
specify electrical characteristics in Section
26 20 00, INTERIOR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM.
**************************************************************************

Provide [manual] [electric motor driven] operators for group operation of

continuous rows of windows [located [_____] mm feet above the floor].
Operators must be capable of opening and closing windows without
appreciable deflection, vibration or rattle. Provide means of adjustment
for transmission lines. Provide operators to control window units in
groups [as recommended by the window manufacturer] [or] [as indicated].

2.4 THERMAL-BARRIER WINDOWS

Provide thermal-barrier windows, complete with accessories and fittings,

where indicated.

Specify material and construction except as follows:

a. Aluminum alloy must be 6063-T6.

b. Frame construction, including operable sash, must be factory-assembled

and factory-sealed inner and outer aluminum completely separated from
metal-to-metal contact. Join assembly by a continuous, concealed, low
conductance divider housed in an interlocking extrusion of the inner
frame. Metal fasteners, straps, or anchors must not bridge the
connection between the inner and outer frame.

c. Operating hardware for each sash must consist of spring-loaded nylon

cushion blocks and pin locks designed to lock in predetermined
locations.

d. Sash must be completely separated from metal-to-metal contact by means

of woven-pile weatherstripping, plastic, or elastomeric separation
members.

e. Operating and storm sash must be factory-glazed with the type of glass
indicated and of the quality specified in Section 08 81 00 GLAZING.

2.5 MULLIONS

**************************************************************************
NOTE: Drawings must indicate the profile and
dimensions of mullions, anchorage and reinforcing
members as required for wind loading, and the type,
profile, and fastening system for the mullion cover
(screw-fastened or snap-on).
**************************************************************************

Provide mullions between multiple-window units where indicated.

Provide profiles for mullions and mullion covers, reinforced as required

for the specified wind loading, and securely anchored to the adjoining
construction. Mullion extrusion will include serrations or pockets to

SECTION 08 51 13 Page 29
 receive weatherstripping, sealant, or tape at the point of contact with
each window flange.

Mullion assembly must include aluminum window clamps or brackets screwed

or bolted to the mullion and the mullion cover.

Mullion cover must be screw-fastened to the mullion unless otherwise

indicated.

Mullion reinforcing members must be fabricated of the materials specified

in AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 and meet the specified design loading.

2.6 WINDOW CLEANERS' BOLTS

Provide window cleaners' bolts for all windows 2100 millimeter 7 feet or
higher above finished grade, except for windows that can be removed and
cleaned from the ground or from a lower roof level without the use of an
extension ladder. Provide two bolts for each single window unit and each
fixed glass unit. Locate bolts 1120 millimeter 44 inches above the window
sill.

Window cleaners' bolts must be double-head type, AISI Series 300

corrosion-resistant steel, size and design complying with IWCA I-14.1.
Contact side of the bolts must be ground to fit flat against window
jambs. Bolts must be factory- or field-attached before windows are set.
Reinforce backs of frames to receive bolts with 6 by 150 millimeter 1/4 by
6-inch corrosion-resistant steel or aluminum plates bolted or welded to
the frames at the factory. Special wall anchors must be provided on
frames at the point of bolt attachment.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.1 SCHEDULE

Some metric measurements in this section are based on mathematical

conversion of inch-pound measurements, and not on metric measurement
commonly agreed to by the manufacturers or other parties. The inch-pound
and metric measurements are as follows:

PRODUCTS INCH-POUND METRIC

Metal Casing 0.0625 inch 1.59 mm

Aluminum Tube (Diameter) 0.0625 inch 1.59 mm

1 inch 25 mm

3.2 INSTALLATION

3.2.1 Method of Installation

Install in accordance with the window manufacturer's printed instructions

and details. Build in windows as the work progresses or install without
forcing into prepared window openings. Set windows at proper elevation,
location, and reveal; plumb, square, level, and in alignment; and brace,
strut, and stay properly to prevent distortion and misalignment. Protect
ventilators and operating parts against accumulation of dirt and building

SECTION 08 51 13 Page 30
 materials by keeping ventilators tightly closed and locked to frame. Bed
screws or bolts in sill members, joints at mullions, contacts of windows
with sills, built-in fins, and subframes in mastic sealant of a type
recommended by the window manufacturer. Install and caulk windows in a
manner that will prevent entrance of water and wind. Fasten insect
screens securely in place.

Any materials that show visual evidence of biological growth due to the
presence of moisture must not be installed on the building project.

3.2.2 Dissimilar Materials

Where aluminum surfaces are in contact with, or fastened to masonry,

concrete, wood, or dissimilar metals, except stainless steel or zinc,
protect the aluminum surface from dissimilar materials as recommended in
the Appendix to AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440. Do not coat surfaces in
contact with sealants after installation with any type of protective
material. Do not apply coatings or lacquers to surfaces to which caulking
and glazing components must adhere.

3.2.3 Anchors and Fastenings

Make provision for securing units to each other, to masonry, and to other
adjoining construction. Windows installed in masonry walls must have head
and jamb members designed to recess into masonry wall not less than 11 mm
7/16 inch.

3.2.4 Adjustments After Installation

After installation of windows and completion of glazing and field

painting, adjust all ventilators and hardware to operate smoothly and to
provide weathertight sealing when ventilators are closed and locked.
Lubricate hardware and operating parts as necessary.[ Adjust double hung
windows to operate with maximum applied force of 25 pounds in either
direction, not including breakaway friction force.] Verify that products
are properly installed, connected, and adjusted.

3.3 CLEANING

Clean interior and exterior surfaces of window units of mortar, plaster,

paint spattering spots, and other foreign matter to present a neat
appearance, to prevent fouling of weathering surfaces and
weather-stripping, and to prevent interference with the operation of
hardware. Replace all stained, discolored, or abraded windows that cannot
be restored to their original condition with new windows.

-- End of Section --

SECTION 08 51 13 Page 31