TRANSFORMATIONS
TRANSLATIONS
Translations are when we shift the entire
graph
left right up or down
X
n n n n
y n n n n
xts x 5
y y
e 10,0 so
5 units in the s units in the
negative direction of positive direction of
the x axis
the x axis
A translation of 5 units in the
negative
direction of the x axis effectively subtracting
5 units from all x values
x x 5
y y
X x
n n
y n n
y
3 units inthe
positive direction of
the
y axis
10,0
y x2 4
0,3
4 units in the
direction
negative
10 49 of the y axis
3
A translation of units in the
positive
direction of the y axis effectively adding
3 units to all values
x
y
x 3
y y
DILATIONS
Dilations stretch 1 or compress 1 a
graph
x2 x2
4 725 4 225
Dilation factor 2 Dilation of factors
from the y axis from y axis
y V25 E
1 25 2x
y
90,0 Eso cs Eo
If we have a dilation factor 2 from y axis
we are effectively doubling all x values
x 2x
y y
x2 x2
co.io
4 725 4 225
Dilation offactor
0,5
2 from x axis Os
Dilation of factor I
from x axis
2 25 2
4 ok
y Fx
If we have a dilation factor 3 from x axis
we are effectively tripling all y values
x x
y 3y
REFLECTIONS
Reflections simply flip the graph relative to a line
e
ng yee
If we have a reflection
in the axis we are
y
at effectively making all the
in x values
Reflection
the y axis negative
x C
g y Xy
yet
If we have a reflection
in the x axis we are
bye
the
effectively making all
Reflection
in the x axis
et
y values negative
x x
i e
y o
ex y y
ye
e
y If we have a reflection
in the line x we
y
are
finding the inverse
r i e swap the x and
values
Reflection
in the line
v9 loge y
y x
RARE
xy ly x
COMBINING TRANSFORMATIONS
COORDINATE METHOD
A coordinate and its image can be expressed
using algebra Ty maps to
Sy
1 Begin with this coordinate
and adjust
xy
according to the transformations provided Do
this in the order of the transformations
provided
2 Let the final coordinate obtained be
to the x
equal image y
3 Rearrange the and
x
y equations
to make x and the subject
y
4 Substitute the x and equations into
y
the original expression remove the dashes
and rearrange and make y
the subject
EXAMPLES
Find the equation of y x under the
translation of 4 units in the positive x direction
and 2 units in the negative direction
y
x É4 yÉ2
1 Y'ty
y x y
x xt4 2 x 4 z
y y
x y y y
COMBINATION OF TRANSFORMATIONS
DOES ORDER MATTER
If you are provided the order sequence of
transformations must apply them in that order
you
If you aren't given the sequence of you are
identifying the transformations next exercise you
must obey DRT Dilations
Reflections
Translations
EXAMPLES
Find the equation of the image of y x2
under a dilation of factor 2 from the
x axis followed by a translation 3 units
in the positive direction of x and 4 units
in the negative direction of y
COORDINATE METHOD X
y
xy
x
2g 1 3 24 4
x Xt 3
2g 4
y
x 3 x
y y
x2 3
114
x
y
y 4 21 35 9 21 3 4
FUNCTION METHOD SHORTCUT
Reflection in the N EIR
Reflection in g Eisnegatiew Translation
the x axis along
N parallel to the
af n x 4 k y axis
y
translation along
Dilation factor parallel
a from the Dilation of facto to the x axis
x axis ht from the
parallel toy axis
y
Same question
Find the equation of
the image of x
under
y dilation
a of
factor 2
from the
x axis followed by
in the positive direction
of x and 4 units in
y
let fix x
f x
2f x
2f x 3 2 1 3 4
i 2
2 x 3 4
y
only works for
functions we are
USING GRAPHICAL MEANS familiar with
Find the equation of the image of y x2
under a dilation of factor 2 from the
x axis followed by a translation 3 units
in the positive direction of x and 4 units
in the negative direction of y
i
V win
iii
ft
WHEN DRAWING GRAPHS IN METHODS
x and axis intercepts in coordinate form
y
max and min
Turning points
Endpoints when domain is limited
Equations of any asymptotes
AT LEAST one coordinate value
DETERMINING TRANSFORMATIONS
Why is DR.T important
Dilate by factor 2 Translate 2 units
from the x axis in the positive y
Translate 2 units direction
in the positive Dilate by factor 2
y
direction from the x axis
Different order
y Its of transformations
differentfunctions
y F
HOW DO WE DETERMINE TRANSFORMATIONS
I rule and
identify your original your image
2 with x and
Replace
your x and y y
on
your image equation
3 to be in similar
Rearrange your image original
function form
4 Equate to create
your rearranged form
x x and equations
y y
5
If required rearrange your x and y
equations to make x and y the subject
6 Map transformation
using coordinates and
list the sequence of transformations using DRT
EXAMPLES
Find a
sequence of transformations which
takes the of to the
graph yg.gl graph
of y
2
image
x 2 3
y 2 X 2 3
x z
y
i y x x 2
y
3 X T2 X
24 y
3
Zy y
Dilation factor 2 from x a
1 Translation 2 right 3 up
Xy 2,2 3
Find a
sequence of transformations which
takes the graph of yz.gg to the graph
of 9 15.2
y Tx y FI
i x Sx z
y y
x
Xt
Dilation of factor
x
y 25 y s
from y axis
Translation of units
in positive direction of
x axis
Find a
sequence of transformations which
to
takes the graph of y E yet 6
the original
graph of ye e
image
y f 6
y Ia
b
y E y
I
z
f I y
y F
Z x x I
Dilation
Ifan x
Translations I
left
x
y x
y
x 1 2 2 down
Find a
sequence of transformations which
takes the graph of y 5,4g p 6 to
the
graph of
Ying
y
5 x 1 6 x
y
x 1 x
y y
1
yg
i x
y x
Ily 67 Translation
x
y
x 1
by 1
x 1
I 5 unit left and 6
Dilation s from x axis units down
Translation I left
Is units down Followed by dilation s
x axis
USING TRANSFORMATIONS TO SKETCH
EXAMPLES
Identify a sequence of transformations that
maps the graph
4
of y I onto the graph
of 3 Use this to sketch the
y 5
graph of y Its 13 stating the equations
of asymptotes and the axis intercepts
y I
3
y s
9 4 x xis
It 4g 3
4 x x 5
Dilation from x
y int x 0
byfactor 4
Translations 3 down Sleft
y y Y
n
y E
x int O
y
D 3
s Ko
10 9s
3
Is
4 3
5 4 C
I f
x
I
Sketch the
graph of y x 4 5
let Axl Tx
fix fix 4 5
Reflection in x axis
Translation 4 right
S down
14 s
let x 6 6 E 5
I 5
y
Sketch 5
the
graph of y x 212
let fix I É
f x
3f x 2 5 10141
yes
Dilation factor 3
from x axis
Translation 2 right
s
up
y int x o
i i
y 3 24 y 24
TRANSFORMATIONS OF POWER FUNCTIONS
EXAMPLES
Sketch the
graph of
a x 1 t z
y
i POI I 2 i
i int let x 0
y
1 2
y it
3
yx int let o
y
2 x 113
IN x 1
x Wz t 1
X I 2 25
b 21 173 2
y
i POI C 1,2
i o
y int
let x
un te
g
4
y
ipod
i x int let o
y
2 2 7 1
I x I
I x I
2 x
The graph of y a x
h th has
a
point of zero gradient at 1,1
and passes through the point 0,4
Find the values of a h and K
POI at I 1 i he 1 K I
i a x 1 t 1 sub
y 0,4
4 a o 11 I
4 a I
3 a
The has
graph of y a x h t k a
turning point at 2,2 and passes through
the point 0,4 Find the values of a h K
i TP at 7,2 K Z K Z
a x z t 2 sub 10,41
y
4 a C 2 t 2
2 a 16
2 169
t a a s
A NOTATION FOR TRANSFORMATIONS
T i IR IR T x axth K
y by
EXAMPLES
Let T IR IR
TCxy 3 2
44 6
a Evaluate
i T 4,5
ii TC 1,2
b Find the equation of the image of the
graph y f x
where
f x 2 under
this transformation
Let T IR IR
Thy axth by K
that T 1,6
Given 7 3 and TC 2,3 11,12
determine the values of a b h and K
Let T x x and I 3 2 3
y 3,2g x
y y
Find the rule
for
a I T
Xy
b T Talty
Find the inverse of the transformation
T IR IR T x 3 2
Sy 3
y
This is also
Let T
Xy w z Then how
you check
your inverses
T T x
Xy y
T w z x
y
3W 2 Sz 3 x
y
in 3W 2 X
3W x 2 52 3
y
in x
Hence T x
y I I
