Pre & Fine Filters
By: Vaibhav Mishra
Manager – Sales & Service
North & East India
Agenda
• What is an Air Filter & What is it Comprised of ?
• The Filtration Principle & the Application
• Classification of Filters and the Governing Standards
• Washable Filters and its features
• Replaceable Filters and its features
• Which one to Choose ?
• TCO Analysis
• Recommended Maintenance Guidelines
• AAF Products
• Summary
What is an Air Filter ?
The Importance of Air Filtration
• Filtration is Separating the useful from the
harmful and Filtering the harmful from the
useful
• Air Filtration is the principle in removing the We Drink 3~5 Liters of
air borne particles from the air to maintain water everyday
good air quality for health, process or safety
requirements
A Tool that is used for the Air Filtration is
called an Air Filter
We Breathe 12000
Liters of Air Everyday
What we need to filter in Air we breathe?
How are you
safe with
these things
around ?
The Facts
What an Air Filter Comprises of ?
1. Frame – To adapt and fit in the required
Space
2. Media – The Medium which captures
Airborne Contaminants
3. Sealant – The Adhesive which keeps
Frame and Media Intact without
leakages
So Simple?
The Principle
(Science Behind Air Filtration and Air filters)
Air Filtration Principles
Straining : This principle occurs when Impingement (Inertial Impaction) : Due to Interception : This principle means that
the opening between the media inertia forces, particles cannot fully follow the path on which a particle’s center of
members (fibers, screen mesh, the air streamlines that flows around a fibre. gravity moves passes the fiber at a
corrugated metal, etc.) is smaller than Instead, they hit the fibres at a certain distance of less than half the particle
the diameter of the particle the filter is proximity on a less curved path. The diameter. The particle therefore hits
designed to capture. This principle importance of inertia for particle collection the fibre and is deposited there. The
spans across most filter designs, and is increases with increasing particle mass (i.e. probability of a particle hitting a fibre
entirely related to the size of the particle diameter) and increasing particle due to interception increases with the
particle, media spacing, and media velocity. In the case of the typical air velocity particle size. Interception dominates
density. in air filtration, the inertia effect becomes arrestance for particles with diameters
dominant from a particle diameter of › 1 μm. between 0.5 and 1 μm
Air Filtration Principles
Diffusion: Due to the irregular DUST PARTICLES CAPTURED Electrostatics: Electrostatic
thermal movement known as interaction causes particles
Brownian motion, the particles to be attracted to the
oscillate. This means that some fibers. If the particles and
very small particles that would fibers have opposite
otherwise pass a fiber hit them electrostatic charges, they
and are deposited there. will attract each other.
Diffusion-based particle However, if only the fiber
collection increases with or particle is
decreasing particle size and electrostatically charged, it
decreasing air velocity. is also sufficient to polarize
Assuming there is no the respective counterpart
predominant electrostatic to generate a force of
interaction, nanoparticles (i.e. attraction.
particles with a diameter of
‹100 nm) are deposited almost
exclusively by diffusion
Application Areas
(Where you see us ?)
Micro Industrial
Pharma Industry Electronics Kitchen
Sewage
Treatment
Shopping Mall Data Centers Banks
Plants
Classification of Filters
&
The Governing Standards
Based on the Target Contaminant Based on Maintenance & Usage
1. Particulate Filters 1. Washable Filters
2. Gas Phase Filters 2. Disposable Filters
(Molecular / Chemical Filtration Filters) 3. Refillable Filters
Based on Construction Based on the Particulate Filtration
1. Pad Filters Efficiency
2. Panel Filters 1. Coarse / Pre filters
3. Flange Filters 2. Medium Efficiency Filters
4. Bag Filters 3. Fine Efficiency Filters
5. V Bank Filters 4. Efficient Particulate Air Filters (EPA)
6. Cassette Filters 5. High Efficiency Particulate Air Filters (HEPA)
7. Cannister Filters 6. Ultra Low Penetration Air Filters (ULPA)
As per EN 779 : 2012 As per EN 1822
Pad Type Bag Type V Bank Type
Panel Type Flange Type
Relevant Standards for Pre – Fine Filters
Year Standard Classification Pre Rating Method Fine Rating Method
1992 ASHRAE 52.1/2 MERV 1 - 16 MERV 5-8 3-10 Micron MERV 9-16 1-3 µm
EU1 to EU
1980 EUROVENT 4/5 EU1 to EU4 Arrestance EU5 to EU9 Dust Spot Efficiency
EU5 to EU9
G1 to G4
1993 CEN EN 779 G1 to G4 Arrestance F5 to F9 Dust Spot Efficiency
F5 to F9
G1 to G4
2003 CEN EN 779:2002 G1 to G4 Arrestance F5 to F9 Efficiency at 0.4 µm
F5 to F9
G1 to G4 M5 to M6
2012 CEN EN 779:2012 G1 to G4 Arrestance Efficiency at 0.4 µm
M5 to M9 F7 to F9
ePM 10,
ePM Coarse, ePM 10, Efficiency 1 µm, 2.5 µm,
2016 ISO 16890 ePM Coarse Efficiency ePM 2.5,
ePM 2.5, ePM 1 10 µm
ePM 1
Overview EN 779:2012 and ISO 16890
EN 779: 2012 ISO 16890
0.3 ~ 1 µm (ePM1)
Particle Size Classification 0.4 µm 0.3 ~ 2.5 µm (ePM 2.5)
0.3 ~ 10 µm (ePM 10)
Test Aerosol Electrostatic Discharge DEHS for 0.3 ~ 1 µm
DEHS (Di-ethylhexyl Sebacate)
KCl for 2.5 ~ 10 µm
Effiicency of discharged filter Dust feed for the Entire Filter is conditioned with IPA Vapour
Fully Immersed in Isopropanol (IPA)
classification
Comparison of Sample and Tested Average Efficiency of Treated and
Filter Untreated (Conditioned) Filter
Test Dust for ISO Coarse and Energy Efficiency Dust feed for the
Incremetal Dust Feed Classification without dust feed
classification
ASHRAE ISO Fine
Test Final Differential Pressure
70 mg/m3 140 mg/m3
Classification G1 ~ G4 : 250 Pa ePM 10 < 50% : 200 Pa
M5 ~ M6, F7 ~ F9 : 450 Pa ePM 10 ≥ 50% : 300 Pa
ISO Coarse
G1 ~ G4 M5 ~ M6 F7
ISO ePM 10
~ F9
ISO ePM 2.5
ISO ePM 1
Washable Filters and Disposable Filters
(Features)
Washable Filters Disposable Filters
Filters which can be washed / cleaned during Filters which should be replaced / disposed at
natural service life. the end of its natural service life.
Typical Features Typical Features
1) Metal Construction 1) Cardboard / Paper Board Construction
2) Rigid Supports 2) Mesh for the Pleat Support
3) Heavy 3) Lightweight
AAF AmWash Series AAF MegaPleat Series
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n-my/commercial/browse- n/commercial/browse-
products/commercial/pleat products/commercial/pleat
ed-filters/amwash ed-filters/megapleat-m9
Type of Cleaning Method Procedure
Clean the filter by blowing the compressed air in the opposite
1 Air Wash Compressed Air Wash direction of the filter Air Flow
Keep the Compressed Air pressure at 2 bar (Recommended)
Soaking the Filter in water
Dip the filter in normal water / warm water (30°C ~ 40°C)
Dry the Filter on a flat surface
Soaking the filter in water Blow the Compressed air (2 Bar) after the dry
2 Water Wash Or
Pressurized water jet wash Pressurized water (Jet) wash
Use the Pressurized water 0.12 MPa to clean the filter
Dry the Filter on a flat surface
Blow the Compressed air (2 Bar) after the dry
Soak the filters in the normal / warm water with household
Soaking the filters in detergents (Mild Detergents) for 10 Minutes
3 Agent Wash
Detergent Dry the Filter on a flat surface
Blow the Compressed air (2 Bar) after the dry
Cleaning Procedure Recommended by AAF (Max. 2 times)
What Happens during
Cleaning / Washing ?
1. People use Cleaning Brush to
remove the dust & dirt
2. High Pressure will be set to
clean quickly
3. Not enough drying time, so
dust sticks even after the
compressed air Consequences
4. Use of high concentration 1. Tearing of the Media from the edges
agents / acids 2. Misaligned pleats
5. Mishandling the filters 3. Damage in the Fiber Structure (Holes or
6. Cleaning the filters multiple Punctures)
times 4. Dissolved media
What we know till now
• Filter Efficiency and performance
is governed by EN 779 and ISO
16890
• The Particle Sizes used to
determine the efficiency is in 0.3,
1.0, 2.5 and 10 Microns
• Filter Performance depends on the
Media (Which Contains Fibers)
Inturn, the microscopic parameters of media i.e; Fiber Dia, Thickness, Fiber
Orientation, Density. Parameters of the Construction i.e; Pleat Height, No. of Pleats,
Pleat Pitch, Leakage/Bypass Factor determines the performance and reliability of
the filter
Consequences Leakage or Bypass
1. Tearing of the Media from the edges Factor Increases
2. Misaligned pleats Change in Pleat
3. Damage in the Fiber Structure (Holes or Construction
Punctures) Change in Fiber
4. Dissolved media Density, Fiber
Orientation
The Effect Change in Fiber
1. Efficiency Drops We are talking Thickness, Fiber Dia
2. Unfiltered Air Bypass resulting about very
in higher size particles on the small particles
Downstream of the Filter not easily seen
by Naked Eye
3. Pressure drop decreases
4. Contamination Load Increases
Washable Filter
Efficiency (0.4µm Vs Lifetime (F8 Filter)
Fractional Efficiency Vs Particle Size
100% 100%
Fractional Efficiency as Per EN 779: 2012 in %
Average Efficiency as per EN779:2012 in %
90% 98%
80% 96%
70% 94%
60% 92%
50% 90%
40% 88%
After First Wash
30% 86% After Second Wash
20% Clean Filter 84% - - Natural Life
First Wash Recommended Wash
10% Second Wash 82%
Hard Wash
0% 80%
0 2 4 6 8 10 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
Particles Size in Microns Natural Life Time of the Filter in %
Pressure Drop Vs Filter Life Area under the Curve is a
300
Factor Determining the
Power Consumption
250
Average Pressure Drop in Pa
200 Observation
150 • Disposable Filter consumes
less power
100
• Washable Filter Consumes
50
Washable Filter relatively more power
Disposable Filter
0
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
Filter Life in %
Washable Filters Disposable Filters Remarks
Moisture Resistant
Frame Aluminum No Metal Construction, Easy Disposal
Beverage Board
To suit the washable Conditions, The Filters have More Layers
to prevent the damage
Pressure Drop High Less Whereas it is not required in Disposable Filter
Comparison
Hence the Pressure Drop will be less when compared
Efficiency Varying Consistent Consistent Efficiency is desirable for the maintenance
Comparatively lesser Service life with improved efficiency than
High Service Life with deteriorating Efficiency
Service Life High Less Since the IPD of the Filter is Low and the Delta for the Life of
the filter with respect to the washable filter is high, Service life
is low but with lesser difference
Durability is the measure of the maintaining performance same
or improved over the usable life
Durability Less High Hence Disposable Filters are durable as it will not compromise
on the efficiency and as there is no process on the filter during
its service life
Since the washable filters are expected to be cleaned, the dust
holding capacity of the media and fibers will be less
Dust Holding Capacity Low High Whereas in Contrary, the disposable filters are expected to
contain more dust as the cleaning is not required
Myth Busters
‣Any Filter is a Washable Filter No
‣Classification of the Filters as Washable
and Disposable is based on the Yes
Construction and the Type of Media
‣Wet Laid Glass Fiber Media is Washable No
‣Cleaner the look of the filter, better is the
efficiency No
‣HEPA Filters are Washable No
How Filter Failure affects the System
‣Deposition of Dust on the Cooling Coil and Heating
Coil would affect the temperature and humidity of an
Air-Conditioned Space
(Higher Maintenance and Service Cost)
‣High Energy Consumption
‣Poor Indoor Air Quality
(Affects Human Health)
‣More the Particles let into the system, unclean will
be the Air Condition Space.
(Pharma Industry and F&B Industry requires lesser
particulate concentration in the space)
Washable Filter Disposable Filter
The TCO Analysis Filter Cost is comparatively High Filter Cost is Comparatively Low
• Metal Frame • Beverage Board Frame
• Multiple Layers of Media • Single Layer of Media
High Energy Cost Lower Energy Cost
Filter Cost • Relatively higher Pressure Drop
Energy Disposal Cost Disposal Cost
Cost • Metal Frame – High • Completely Incinerable Frame –
Low
• Plastic Frame, Metal Frame -
TCO High
High Maintenance Cost Low Maintenance Cost
Disposal • Cleaning Time • No Cleaning Required
Service Cost • Relatively Higher Machine Down • Lesser Machine Down Time
Time • Relatively Lower Service Life
Maintenance
Higher Service Life Relatively Lower Service Life
Recommended Maintenance Guidelines
‣Keep a watch of the filter on the Pressure Savings
Drop
‣Make Sure the filter is not damaged
‣Keep the system intact so that it would not
bypass unfiltered air Health
‣Make sure to replace the filter as per the
recommendation to save on the energy/power
consumption Performace
‣Buy from a Trusted Source
(Efficiency of filter Matters)
AAF Products
Panel & Pleated Filter Series
Panels MERV 7 - MERV 8 (G0 – G4)
Permanent Metal
6000 Air Filter (AmMet)
Pleated MERV 7 - MERV 13 (G4 – F7)
Chevronet Amwash AmAir MEGApleat PerfectPleat®
•
Panel Filter Applications: Commercial Buildings, Schools & Universities
Pleated Filter Applications: Industrial, Pharmaceutical, Food and Beverage, Healthcare, Hospitality
34
Bag Filters
Extended Surface Bag Filters MERV 8 - MERV 15 (G4 – F9)
DriPak 25 DriPak 2000 DriPak NX DriPak GX
Bag Filter Applications: Automotive, Commercial Buildings, Data Centers, Food and Beverage, Hospitality,
Industrial, Museums & Historic Storage, Schools and Universities, Surface Finishing, Firing Ranges
35
Box Filters
High Efficiency Box Filters MERV 11 - MERV 16 (M5 – F9)
VariCel® RF VariCel l VariCel ® II VariCel® M-Pak VariCel ® VXL
Compact Filter Applications: Pharmaceutical, Commercial Buildings, Data Centers, Food and Beverage,
Healthcare, Schools and Universities, Museums & Historic Storage, Microelectronics, Manufacturing
36
Summary
‣Disposable Filters has more advantages
compared to Washable Filters
‣TCO Analysis shows that Disposable filters
has benefits
‣Guidelines should be followed strictly during
the maintenance of Filters
‣Following and Adhering to the Any
recommendation of the Standards and Questions
Agencies like ASHRAE, ISO, Eurovent is ?
good for the HVAC System
Thank you
