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Nursing CS Types-of-Diabetes New 03

The document outlines the types of diabetes, specifically Type 1 and Type 2, detailing their definitions, pathophysiology, prevalence, onset, symptoms, treatment, and complications. It emphasizes the importance of client education on glucose monitoring, diet, exercise, and recognizing signs of diabetic emergencies. Additionally, it provides target glucose levels for diabetics and diagnostic criteria for confirming diabetes.

Uploaded by

Rogerbelle Gayo
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8 views1 page

Nursing CS Types-of-Diabetes New 03

The document outlines the types of diabetes, specifically Type 1 and Type 2, detailing their definitions, pathophysiology, prevalence, onset, symptoms, treatment, and complications. It emphasizes the importance of client education on glucose monitoring, diet, exercise, and recognizing signs of diabetic emergencies. Additionally, it provides target glucose levels for diabetics and diagnostic criteria for confirming diabetes.

Uploaded by

Rogerbelle Gayo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TYPES OF DIABETES

WATCH VIDEO!
Definition Pathophysiology
• Disorder of glucose metabolism • Type 1: Pancreatic beta cells are no longer able to produce insulin.
• Insulin production and/or utilization is impaired. • Type 2: Pancreas produces less insulin over time.
• Hyperglycemia develops, which requires treatment to control. • Both types: Liver and muscles are unable to properly utilize
• Chronic disease that affects multiple organ systems glucose.

Comparison
Type 1 diabetes Type 2 diabetes
Prevalence 5%–10% of clients 90%–95% of clients
Onset Abrupt Gradual
Population Most commonly diagnosed in teenage years, typically Most commonly diagnosed in adulthood, but increasing
affected diagnosed < age 40 diagnosis in childhood

Characteristics • Absent or minimal insulin production Initial insulin production, insulin resistance develops over
• Islet cells antibodies often present at diagnosis time, insulin production decreases

Causes Virus or toxins, considered an autoimmune condition Genetic and environmental factors such as physical
inactivity, obesity
Symptoms Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, fatigue, unexpected May have no symptoms, fatigue, recurrent infections, may
weight loss have polyuria, polydipsia or polyphagia

Treatment • Requires insulin administration • May use oral antidiabetic medications


• Glucose monitoring • May eventually require insulin
• Glucose monitoring
• Lifestyle changes
Complications Eye disease, kidney disorders, stroke, MI, neurologic and vascular disease, nerve damage

Client education
Diagnosis • Teach clients how and when to monitor glucose levels at home.
• Provide education on the role of diet and exercise in diabetes management.
The following lab tests can confirm
the diagnosis of diabetes: • Teach clients how to use prescribed medications and about potential side effects.
• Educate clients on when to call their provider and when to seek emergency care.
• HbA1c ≥ 6.5 %
• Fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL SIGNS OF DIABETIC EMERGENCY
• Two-hour plasma glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL
• Hunger • Feeling faint • Nausea/vomiting
• Symptoms with a random plasma
• Clammy skin • Sudden loss • Seizures
glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL
• Profuse sweating of responsiveness • Temporary paralysis
• Drowsiness or confusion • Weak and rapid pulse

Target glucose levels 2 hour


Fasting 80–130 ≤ 180 HbA1C ≤7%
for diabetics post-prandial

www.lecturio.com/nursing

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