CINEMATOGRAPHY

Cinematography_cinema-movement

_graphy-recording

So cinematography is a visual story telling by recording the movement with light,composition,camera

1. The camera
 Image Sensor_it's an electronic device|solid state| that used to convert incoming light into an
electrical signal by using pixel.
 Pixel_building block of digital image.
 Frame rate_it's the measure of how quickly a number of frames appears with in a second.it
measured by a shutter speed.
 Aspect ratio_the ratio of the width and height of an image.
 Resolution of video_ it show the detail in video or picture.

Camera Technique

 Aperture_A device located on the lens that regulate the amount of light to be transferred
through lens.It symbolized by f-stop/T-stop.Also determined by focus.

A large number gives small aperture

A small number gives large aperture

 Shutter_A device which blocks light from entering.

Shutter speed_Time length of exposure

 Kinds of shutter

*Global shutter_measured by second.It can be fast(below 1/100) and slow(above1/50)

->Mechanical

->Electronic

*Rolling shutter_measured by shutter angle.

 Lens
 →A camera lense - A transparent an Optical material Which transfer, bend and refract light to
creat an image.It regulate distance, focus & size.Mirror & Appurture- determine the lens
quality
Types of lense
*Primelfixed- has afixed focal length.
-Open the Apporture 1.2-18

*zoom/Variabilel

*Normal Standard-lens Similar were look Ability to shoot in low light. Condition.
- Used For Naturalistic look.
* Telephoto lenses-for long distance Photography (wildlife,sport).
* Semi TelePhoto - 135mm &+
* Short telephoto - for street Photo & Portraits.

* Wide angle lens - for landscape Photography (<35m).

- Cover large angle of view.

*Focal length-The difference between the lens and image sensor.itControl the field of Veiw.

Also Explain how lenses can have dil dimenssion.

* Canima(cine)lens_they have the ability to Can Keep focus While zooming with out
affecting the image quality. It use crystal mirror.

# Framing - means giving emphasis to a certain Image.

_Vertical framing_head room and foot room(spaces).

_horizontal framing_side space or looking space.

*Cutting Point_we do not cut on joints.

* empty and negative sace.

Shot types/sizes/

1. Extreme long shoot - That express the Place,the character's Physical,to the environment & elements
With in the seen
2. long shoot-(ws). shows the subject from the top to buttom including the environment

3 Full-Shoot-Shows the subject from head to toes including the framing style.

4. Medium long shot-shows the subject from the knees UP.

5. medium Shot - shows the subject from waist up.

6. close up shows - the subject one Part like head/face.

7-Medium close-up - shows the subject from chest or Shoulder UP shot

8. Choker - it shows the subject bln eyebrows & mouth.

9. Extreme closeup. It shows small area or detail to the one Part of the Subject.

Main typs of shot size

*Establishing - world of the character or story.it includs

It include :-extreme long shot,very long shot,

*Action - it includes:-long shot,medium long shot and medium shot

*emotion - it includes:- medium close - up shot,close-up and extreme close-up

screen Position

*Subjective - emotional

*objective-informative and Aesthetical

• Camera Angle
1. *low Angle - show the subject is Powerfull
2. *High Angle- to Deminish the Character or Areas shoot
- Over head - Show the landscape (90°) for crime scene
3. *Dutch angle - for magnifying tension. show the imbalance in the scene
4. *eye level - eye level straight to the camera.
 Camera Level

*eye level.
 * down level.

*Middle level

 Screen Direction (placement) - direction of the actor

-Frontal - in4direction

- Profile - 3/4 direction

line of action - imaginary line drown to the direction of the character sides

 Point of Veiw _A thought that the actor shows.

2.COMPOSITION
composition refers to the way elements of a screen arrenged in a camera frame.

* Visual elements of composition

1. Tone- (contrast)
-Tone can be white,grey and Black color.
We can get tone by-light variety

-Production design...

2. color can be Primary and complementary(mixed)

3. Space can be Foreground, middle & background

4. depth - formed by color varity to determine the thing.To get depth the main element is
Focus.focus shows the distance
5. point of interest - one single shot that we want to show.

Complexity-simplifying things by giving order.

3 .light
 Lighting - a powerful tool that can direct the audience's eye to a part of a scene.

-source, quality,direction and color are the four most important properties of light in
cinematography.Also it tells the audience where to Iook.
  Light - An Electromagnetic radiation with a spectrum which human eyes can reach /320nm -
720 nm/.

*lighting tell us

 Hope
 existence
 Knowledge

Quality of light

Hard - directional and shadoww light

Soft - diffussion and reflection of light

 Purpose of light
-creating image

-Atmosphere /mood/

-Emotion

-color

-Reval character,setting

-Emphasis

-depth...

 Color Tempreture
warm
Candle -1500k
Daylight - 5000-$50
Tangston-2600-3400K
green/flauresent-3500-4400K
Cool
day light-5000_5500K
cloud-5600-6400K
Shadow- 6500_7400K
Blue sky- 10000k
 Direction of light
1. Incidental - which goes in a certain direction(to the subject)
2. Reflective light emited to the surrounding (room tone)
*Camera direction use incidental light.There are 6 directions

1. - Frontal
2. - Side
3. -Back - to the opposit direction of the camera.
used to * separation( from fore & background)
*edge for motion. - - -
4. -background-creat depth & show the space b/n the subject & the background And it may be
reflective and incidental
5. -TOP- (head light)
6. -bottom (eye) - reflective soft light.
 style of light

*High key lighting - Romance,comedy

*low-key light

 Effect of light

1 Day for night- it can be exterior and interior

2 Night for a day

* set up- the main thing for camera set up is key light

•key light - the main light to the scene

- It's hard light by nature.

- its usually put 45° trom the camera onthe top side

- It's identified by a hollywood"V"

Created under the subject eye.

 Fill (Filler)light

- from a diffussed source (softlight).

- it's a soft light

- It's Put 90° opposite to key.

 shaddow
*Crew - not allowed.

*Cast reflect on the bockground.

*Attach - rwflwct on the Subject.

 Fundamental of lightning

1 Point key

2 Point = key + Fill

3 Point = ker + fill +back

4 Point= Key + Fill + back + background

4.Sound
-It's an energy wills created by Vibration to creat an electronic wave

Frequency - a cycle or time of speed of sound measured in Hz

Desibell - it's a measure of sound level

 Sound levels
1. Production
2. Propagation
3. Perception.

 Purpose of sound
* Emotion, mood,enhancing,Atmosphere ...

 Elements of sound in film

*Dialogue-(human voice)

*sound effect(SFX)-Post production results.to express something/moments/ but not real voice.

*Ambience - surrounding voice

*music
*Narration(human voice)

*foly

 Types of sound

The main groups are,diagetic and non diagetic.Both can have the sound elements.

1. *Diagetic - on location sound(foly).Both the audience and the character can hear.
E.g horror film
2. *non diagetic - only audience can hear and mostly focus on music,dramatic action...

And the others are synchronus and asynchronus.

*synchronous - we can see the picture and hear the sound

 clapper Board
It's a piece of equipment w/h is used to sync Picture and audio, as well as Present information
about a scene.
• These are either wooden or chalk boards but now it is a white board material.
It makes them more durable and b/c it's translucent and easier to light.
 The sticks usually have block and White stripes for maximum visibility in all Setting.
occasionally, sticks include Other colors in order to Provide a constant reterence Point during
the color correction Process.

some clapper boards have electropic that include time codes and metadata.These are called
Smart Slates,While slates without this info- dummp slates.
 Purpose
-It make an editor's life much easier.b/c it used to quickly synchronize image and sound.
- for organization means the slate Should be in the frame when a camera Starts rolling so the
editor can see the scene information up front & organize on the scene.