sea ‘007 T restcope 01207020 | FORM TP 02025054 G& MAY/JUNE 2025 CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE® - EXAMINATION BIOLOGY Paper 02 — General Proficiency 2 hours 30 minutes READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY. 1. This paper consists of SIX questions in TWO sections. Answer ALL questions. 2. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet. 3. Do NOT write in the margins. 4. Where appropriate, answers should be illustrated with diagrams. 5, Ifyou need to rewrite any answer and there is not enough space to do so on the original page, you must use the extra lined page(s) provided at the back of this booklet. Remember to draw a line through your original answer. 6. Ifyou use the extra page(s), you MUST write the question number clearly in the box provided at the top of the extra page(s) and, where relevant, inelude the question part beside the answer. DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. Copyright © 2023 Caribbean Examinations Coun All rights reserved. 00 | _ 01207020/Ms/CSEC 2025ig “ 7 SECTION A Answer ALL questions. (@) Outline FOUR activities that occur within a seed during germination. (4 marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020/MJ/CSEC 2025 L ‘agen LE IiE “5+ 2 | ® Make a large, labelled diagram to show the internal structures of a dicotyledonous seed. (6 marks) (ii) Annotate the diagram drawn in (b) (i). @ marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020/MJ/CSEC 2025 L ger |- “ 7 (©) Figure 1 shows the levels of two hormones involved in the human menstrual cycle over a two-month period. Oestrogen ne Concentration| of hormone - in the blood Progesterone 0 7 id geri 8) 7 14 21 28 ‘Time/days Figure 1. Concentration of oestrogen and progesterone in the blood of a woman with a regular 28-day menstrual cycle @ On Figure 1, shade the TWO periods during which menstruation is likely to take place. (2 marks) Gi) State how the level of oestrogen on Day 28 of the first cycle differs from the level on Day 28 of the second cycle. (iii) Suggest ONE reason for the difference stated in (¢) (ii). (mark) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020/MJ/CSEC 2025 L onmnpmgruy |— He 7] (iv) State how the level of progesterone on Day 28 of the first cycle differs from the level on Day 28 of the second cycle. (1 mark) (¥) Using Table 1 below, compare the two cycles by outlining FOUR comparisons that account for the difference stated in (c) (iv). TABLE 1: COMPARISON OF THE TWO CYCLES [ Comparison First Cycle Second Cycle T 2 rT 3 7 (4 marks) GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020/MJ/CSEC 2025 | L imgr * 7 (@) The following occurrences may take place in the human reproductive system. (Mary's corpus luteum failed to develop after fertilization of her ovum. (ii) Eight-year-old Ruth had her ovaries removed. (iii) Bryan’s vas deferens was severed. Complete Table 2 below by suggesting ONE consequence of EACH occurrence. ‘TABLE 2: OCCURRENCES IN THE HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM AND CONSEQUENCES SS Occurrence Consequence (i) | Mary’s corpus luteum failed to develop after fertilization of her ovum. Gi) | Eight-year-old Ruth had her ovaries removed. Bryan’s vas deferens was severed. @ marks) ‘Total 25 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE ug. 7 01207020/MJ/CSEC 2025 L9- ] 2, (@)_ Jan, a high school student, spent several hours each day browsing Facebook and TikTok. She felt increasingly pressured to become as thin as the people she admired while browsing, 8o she began to take diet pills constantly. @ _ List THREE social effects of the abuse of diet pills. @ marks) (ii) Explain ONE way in which the constant use of diet pills may be harmful to Jan’s health. (2 marks) (b) Name FOUR illegal substances that may be abused by teenagers and young adults. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE el 01207020/MJ/CSEC 2025 e img- 01207020/MJ/CSEC 2025 L -10- 7] (©) Astudy was conducted to investigate the use of diet pills by people in a Caribbean country, The data from the study is shown in Figure 2 below. Percentage use @ (ii) 45, _ $$ 40 35 }—_—____] 30 25 20 15 10 Preteens Teens © Youngadults Adults Population Figure 2. Use of diet pills in a Caribbean country With reference to Figure 2, which population abused diet pills the MOST? (mark) Suggest TWO reasons why the population identified in (c) ) (i) showed the greatest abuse of diet pills. GO ON To Tr EXT PAGE— -U- a (ii) The Caribbean Community (CARICOM) is concerned about the abuse of diet pills. in the Caribbean, Suggest THREE measures that could be put in place to reduce the frequency of use of diet pills in the Caribbean. (3 marks) Total 15 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020/MJ/CSEC 2025‘A007 r o 7 3. (@)_—()_~—s Name THREE organelles which are ONLY found in plant cells. (i) State the function of any TWO organelles named in (a) (i). (©) Outline how the structure of a mitochondrion is suited to its function. @ marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE en J 01207020/MJ/CSEC 2025 ie ig7 “3 7 (©) Complete the table below by () describing the expected observations if the indicated cells are placed in EACH of the given types of solution (4 marks) (ii) providing an explanation for the expected observations given in (c) (i). (4 marks) TABLE 3: OBSERVATIONS AND EXPLANATIONS Expected Cell Type | Solution Type Observations Explanation ‘Animal cell | Concentrated sugar solution Distilled water Plant cell | Concentrated sugar solution Distilled water Total 15 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE aye a 01207020/MJ/CSEC 2025 Llez -14- ~] SECTION B Answer ALL questions. 4. You are a member of an environmental team that is visiting a landfill that is reaching its capacity for the garbage it can store. The operations manager of the landfill is interested in creating a plan to increase the space and decrease the negative environmental impact of the landfill. (@) State FOUR challenges associated with the recycling of manufactured products. (4 marks) (b) Bacteria present atthe landfill break down biodegradable material. Explain ONE possible environmental issue which may occur as a result. @ marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE al 01207020/MJ/CSEC 2025 LT -15- “T (©) There is a plan to open an unused section of the landfill. Before trucks begin dumping garbage in the landfill, it is recommended that a study be conducted to identify the species of plants and insects present in the area and also determine how they are distributed. @ Suggest ONE technique which may be used to conduct the study. (mark) Gi) Explain how the technique suggested in (c) (i) may be used to identify the species of plants and insects in the unused section of the landfill. 5a i @ marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020/MJ/CSEC 2025 Li -16- ~] (@) The plot of land next to the landfill is sloped and a traditional farm is located there. @ Name TWO techniques which may be implemented on the farm to reduce soil erosion. (2 marks) (i) Explain to the owner of the farm how ONE named organic farming practice could improve the quality of soil on the farm. @ marks) Total 15 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE a 01207020/MJ/CSEC 2025 es@ ) -17- 7 Define the following terms. @) Allele Gi) Gene .. Gi) Chromosome ... (iv) Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (4 marks) Jamal is a professional dog breeder. He mates selected dogs with the intention of producing dogs with specific characteristics. He recently mated two dogs to produce dogs desirable coat types. Coat type in dogs is determined by a single gene with two alleles. The straight coat allele is dominant and the silky coat allele is recessive. (@® Name the process which leads to the production of dogs with desirable coat types. (1 mark) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020/MJ/CSEC 2025 L |i -18- = (ii) Use a genetic diagram to show the possible offspring which may be produced from a cross between a pure straight coat and pure silky coat dog. In the box, provide the following information. Define the alleles. Parents’ phenotype... Parents’ genotype .. Cross Outcome (7 marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020/MJ/CSEC 2025 L gg _]ie 7 Gi) Dog breeding may not always be advan of dog breeding. ageous to Jamal. Suggest ONE disadvantage (1 mark) (©) While watching a documentary, Jamal observed that some giraffes in the episode had long necks while others had shorter necks. @ Name the process which, over time, led to the appearance of long-neck giraffes. (1 mark) Gi) Suggest ONE advantage that the long-neck giraffes would have over those with shorter necks. (1 mark) Total 15 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020/MJ/CSEC 2025 L ng gg _“m- 7 6. (a) _ Figure 3 below is a diagram of the respiratory system. Name the parts labelled A to F. Figure 3. Respiratory system (6 marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE i 01207020/MJ/CSEC 2025 ea gue ogr 2 7 (6) Simon has been a smoker for the last five years. He tried to stop smoking last year but was not successful. He recently attended a health fair where he learnt about the negative effects of smoking. He decided to make an appointment with his family physician to discuss what he needed to do to stop smoking. Outline ONE possible way in which Simon’s health may be negatively affected w by EACH of any TWO named substances found in cigarettes. (4 marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE S| 01207020/MJ/CSEC 2025 L= -22- ~7] (i) Suggest ONE reason why Simon may have been unsuccessful when he tried to stop smoking. (i mark) (©) Human beings can exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide because they possess an efficient gaseous exchange surface. Explain how TWO characteristics of the gaseous exchange surface in humans allow for the efficient exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. (4 marks) Total 15 marks END OF TEST IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST, 01207020/M./CSEC 2025 L QE |