Unit 1A:
Part A:Introduction to
Orthographic Projection
Part B: Projection Of Points
18ME2ICEED
For Internal circulation only
Source:1.VTU CAED COURSE MATERIAL
2.WEB SOURCES
24-May-20 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 1
B.M.S COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING, BENGALURU-
560 019
(Autonomous Institute under VTU)
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Course Title: ELEMENTS OF
ENGINEERING DRAWING
Course Code: 18ME1ESEED/18ME2ESEED
(BATCH 2018-19 Onwards)
Credits: 03 L:T:P: 1:0:2
Hours/Week: 05 Contact Hours: 60
24-May-20 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 2
Objectives
Engineering drawing has become an indispensable tool
for all Engineers and for many others professionals.
It is the language of Engineers because it communicates
all the needed information about "what is wanted" to the
people who will expend resources turning the idea into a
reality i.e.,
it communicates all needed information from the
engineer who designed a part to the workers who
will make it.
The aim of the syllabus is to equip students with the
fundamentals of this unique language and to further the
ability to communicate information by graphical means.
24-May-20 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 3
Course Objectives:
1. To understand the concept of projection
systems; standards and conventions.
2. To develop the views of basic geometrical
entities - points, lines, planes and solids.
3. To enhance speed and accuracy in use of
drawing instruments and sketching capabilities.
4. To acquire the skill of expressing two and three
dimensional objects as pictorial views.
5. Exposure to engineering communication.
24-May-20 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 4
SYLLABUS
UNIT – 1
A: Introduction: Principles of Engineering Graphics and their
significance, usage of Drawing Instruments, BIS Conventions and
Dimensioning. [1L + 2P Hrs]
B: Orthographic Projections
Introduction, Planes of projection, Reference line and conventions
employed, Projections of points in all the four quadrants.
Projections of straight lines (located in first quadrant and without
reference to traces), True and apparent lengths and inclinations to
reference planes and application problems.
[5L + 10P Hrs]
24-May-20 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 5
UNIT – 2 Projections of Plane Surfaces in First Angle
Introduction, Projections of plane surfaces: triangle,
square, rectangle, rhombus, regular pentagon, regular
hexagon and circle in different positions by change of
position method. [4L + 06P Hrs]
UNIT – 3 :Projections of solids in First Angle
Introduction, Projections of regular upright solid:
tetrahedron, cube, prism, pyramid, cylinder and cone in
different positions by change of position method.
[5L + 10P Hrs]
24-May-20 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 6
UNIT – 4 : Development of Lateral Surfaces of Solids
Concept of section planes(horizontal and vertical traces), Development
of lateral surfaces of right regular prisms, pyramids, cylinders and
cones resting with base on HP, their frustums and truncations.
[4L + 8P Hrs]
UNIT – 5
A: Isometric Projection
Introduction, Isometric scale, Isometric projection of simple plane
figures, Isometric projection of tetrahedron, hexahedron, right regular
prisms, pyramids, cylinders, cones, spheres, cut spheres and
combination of solids (maximum of three solids) [4L + 8P
Hrs]
B: Use of solid-modeling software for creating cube, right regular
prisms, pyramids, cylinders, cones, spheres, and combination of solids
(maximum of two solids) and extracting orthographic views, sectional
views and Isometric views. Two exercises only. [1L+4P
Hrs]
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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19
Text Books:
1. Engineering Drawings Vols-1 & 2, K. R. Gopalakrishna, Subhas Stores,
Bangalore,2005.
2. Engineering Drawing, N.D. Bhat& V.M. Panchal, 45 Edition, Charotar
Publishing,Gujarat, 2005.
Reference Books:
1. French, Thomas E., Vierck, C. J. and Foster, R. J., Fundamental of Engineering
Drawing & Graphics Technology, McGraw Hill Book Company (2005).
2. A Textbook of Engineering Graphics by K. Venugopal & Prabhu Raj, New Age
International, 2009.
3. Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing with an Introduction to Interactive Computer
Graphics for Design and Production- Luzadder Warren J., Duff John M.,Eastern
Economy Edition, 2005- Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
e-books: Student’s Guide To Learning Solidworks Software
www.solidworks.com/sw/docs/Student_WB_2011_ENG.pdf
NPTEL/SWAYAM/ MOOC: http://www.iitg.ac.in/cet/nptel.html
24-May-20 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 8
Scheme of Evaluation:
CIE
Sl.No Evaluation Method Units Marks Weightage
1. Test 1 1B,2,3 30 15
2 Test 2 4,5A 30 15
3 Drawing sheets 1-5 60 15
4 Two exercises from typical 5B 10 05
CAD software
100 50
SEE: Manual drafting (5x20 =100 marks)
• To set One question each from units 2,4,5A
and Two questions from Units 1B and 3
• Students to answer one full question from each
unit.
24-May-20 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 9
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the Course the students will be able to:
CO1: Draw orthographic projections of basic
geometrical entities in various positions and
translate the geometric information of engineering
objects into engineering drawings.
CO2: Create sketches and Isometric projections of
solids.
CO3:Develop lateral surfaces of solids and
appreciate their applications in the industry.
CO4: Use modern engineering tool (CAD
software) necessary for engineering practice.
24-May-20 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 10
DRAWINGS:
( A Graphical Representation)
The Fact about:
If compared with Verbal or Written Description,
Drawings offer far better idea about the Shape, Size & Appearance of
any object or situation or location, that too in quite a less time.
Hence it has become the Best Media of Communication
not only in Engineering but in almost all Fields.
24-May-20 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 11
Parallel projection technique
The differences
between a multiview
drawing and an
axonometric drawing
are that, in a multiview,
only two dimensions of
an object are visible in
each view and more
than one view is
required to define the
object; whereas, in an
axonometric drawing,
the object is rotated
about an axis to display
all three dimensions,
and only one view is
required.
Source Isometric Projections,P.K. GHOSH,IIT GUWATI
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Standard 2D views
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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19
13
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
OBJECT IS OBSERVED IN THREE DIRECTIONS.
THE DIRECTIONS SHOULD BE NORMAL
TO THE RESPECTIVE PLANES.
AND NOW PROJECT THREE DIFFERENT VIEWS ON THOSE
PLANES.
THESE VEWS ARE FRONT VIEW , TOP VIEW AND SIDE
VIEW
FRONT VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON VERTICAL PLANE ( VP
)
TOP VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON HORIZONTAL PLANE ( HP
)
SIDE VIEW IS A VIEW PROJECTED ON PROFILE PLANE ( PP )
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
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ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19
ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
To make and interpret drawings you need to know how to create projections
and understand the standard arrangement of views
You also need to be familiar with the geometry of solid objects and be able to
visualize a 3D object that is represented in a 2D sketch or drawing.
24-May-20 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 15
The Six Standard Views
Any object can be viewed from six mutually
perpendicular directions,
24-May-20 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 16
Projection Method
The outline on the plane of projection shows how the object appears to the observer.
In orthographic projection, rays (or projectors) from all points on the edges or
contours of the object extend parallel to each other and perpendicular to the plane of
projection. The word orthographic means “at right angles.”
24-May-20 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 17
4 QUADRANT THEORY
FOUR QUADRANTS
.P.
TOP
P / V DIRECTION
FR
I
Y
II
III X
H.P.
IV RP/
H
F
DIR RON
EC T
TIO
N
24-May-20 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 18
VP
2nd Quad. 1ST Quad.
Y
Observer
X Y HP
X
3rd Quad. 4th Quad.
24-May-20 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 19
First-Angle Projection
If the object is placed above the horizontal plane and in front of the vertical
plane, the object is in the first angle.
24-May-20 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 20
FIRST ANGLE
FOR T.V.
PROJECTION
IN THIS METHOD,
THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE
SITUATED IN FIRST QUADRANT
MEANS
ABOVE HP & INFRONT OF VP.
OBJECT IS INBETWEEN
OBSERVER & PLANE.
VP PP
FV LSV
X Y
TV
HP
24-May-20 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 21
Third-Angle Projection
To understand the two systems, think of the vertical and horizontal planes of projection,
as indefinite in extent and intersecting at 90° with each other; the
four angles produced are called the first, second, third, and fourth angles (similar to
naming quadrants on a graph.) If the object to be drawn is placed below the horizontal
plane and behind the vertical plane, as in the glass box you saw earlier, the object is said
to be in the third angle. In third-angle projection, the views are produced as if the
observer is outside, looking in.
The biggest difference between third-angle
projection and first-angle projection is how the
planes of the glass box are unfolded.
24-May-20 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 22
THIRD ANGLE FOR T.V.
PROJECTION
IN THIS METHOD,
THE OBJECT IS ASSUMED TO BE
SITUATED IN THIRD QUADRANT
( BELOW HP & BEHIND OF VP. )
PLANES BEING TRANSPERENT
AND INBETWEEN
OBSERVER & OBJECT.
TV
X Y
LSV FV
24-May-20 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, BMSCE, BANGALORE-19 23
First Angle Projection
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