Financial Accounting Weygandt 9th Edition Test Bank

download pdf

https://testbankmall.com/product/financial-accounting-weygandt-9th-
edition-test-bank/

Visit testbankmall.com today to download the complete set of

test banks or solution manuals!
Here are some recommended products for you. Click the link to
download, or explore more at testbankmall.com

Solution manual for Financial Accounting Weygandt Kimmel

Kieso 9th edition

https://testbankmall.com/product/solution-manual-for-financial-
accounting-weygandt-kimmel-kieso-9th-edition/

Financial Accounting Weygandt 8th Edition Test Bank

https://testbankmall.com/product/financial-accounting-weygandt-8th-
edition-test-bank/

Financial and Managerial Accounting 2nd Edition Weygandt

Test Bank

https://testbankmall.com/product/financial-and-managerial-
accounting-2nd-edition-weygandt-test-bank/

Test Bank for Foundations and Adult Health Nursing, 7th

Edition, by Kim Cooper Kelly Gosnell

https://testbankmall.com/product/test-bank-for-foundations-and-adult-
health-nursing-7th-edition-by-kim-cooper-kelly-gosnell/
Solution Manual for Generalized Linear Models : 0205377939

https://testbankmall.com/product/solution-manual-for-generalized-
linear-models-0205377939/

Solution Manual for M: Information Systems, 4th Edition,

Paige Baltzan Amy Phillips

https://testbankmall.com/product/solution-manual-for-m-information-
systems-4th-edition-paige-baltzan-amy-phillips/

Test Bank for International Business: Competing in the

Global Marketplace, 13th Edition Charles Hill

https://testbankmall.com/product/test-bank-for-international-business-
competing-in-the-global-marketplace-13th-edition-charles-hill/

Solution Manual for Essentials of Criminal Justice 10th

Edition by Larry Siege and Worrall

https://testbankmall.com/product/solution-manual-for-essentials-of-
criminal-justice-10th-edition/

Sociology and Your Life With POWER Learning 1st Edition

Schaefer Test Bank

https://testbankmall.com/product/sociology-and-your-life-with-power-
learning-1st-edition-schaefer-test-bank/
Practical Econometrics Data collection Analysis and
Application 1st Edition Hilmer Solutions Manual

https://testbankmall.com/product/practical-econometrics-data-
collection-analysis-and-application-1st-edition-hilmer-solutions-
manual/
 USTESTBANK.COM
sg
This question also appears in the Study Guide.
st
This question also appears in a self-test at the student companion website.
a
This question covers a topic in an appendix to the chapter.

http://ustestbank.com/financial-accounting-weygandt-kieso-kimmel-9th-tb
 USTESTBANK.COM

1-2 Test Bank for Financial Accounting, Ninth Edition

SUMMARY OF QUESTIONS BY LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND BLOOM’S TAXONOMY

Brief Exercises
192. 2 C 195. 6 AP 198. 7 C AP
193. 6 K 196. 6 AP 199. 8 AP AP
194. 6 K 197. 6 C 200. 8 C
Exercises
203. 2,4 K 211. 6 C 219. 7 C 227. 8 AP 235. 8 AN
204. 6 C 212. 6,7 C 220. 7 C 228. 8 AP 236. 8 C
205. 6 C 213. 6,7 C 221. 7 AP 229. 8 AP 237. 8 AP
206. 6 AP 214. 6,7 AP 222. 7 C 23. 8 AN 238. 8 AP
207. 6 C 215. 7 AP 223. 7 C 231. 8 AP 239. 8 AP
208. 6 AP 216. 7 AP 224. 7 C 232. 8 AP
209. 6 AN 217. 7 C 225. 7 C 233. 8 C
210. 6 AN 218. 7 AN 226. 7 C 234. 8 AP
Completion Statements
240. 1 K 242. 2 K 244. 4 K 246. 5 K 248. 6 K
241. 2 K 243. 2 K 245. 4 K 247. 6 K 249. 8 K

Matching: Q250, Short Answer: Q251-256

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OBJECTIVES BY QUESTION TYPE

Item Type Item Type Item Type Item Type Item Type Item Type Item Type
Learning Objective
1. TF 36. TF 46. MC 49. 1 MC 52. MC 167. MC
2. TF 44. MC 47. MC 50. MC 165. MC 240. C
3. TF 45. MC 48. MC 51. MC 166. MC
Learning Objective
4. TF 9. TF 14. TF 56. 2 MC 61. MC 203. Ex
5. TF 10. TF 37. TF 57. MC 62. MC 241. C
6. TF 11. TF 53. MC 58. MC 168. MC 242. C
7. TF 12. TF 54. MC 59. MC 169. MC 243. C
8. TF 13. TF 55. MC 60. MC 192. BE
Learning Objective
15. TF 38. TF 63. MC 64. 3 MC 65. MC
Learning Objective
16. TF 39. TF 69. MC 73. 4 MC 77. MC 244. C
17. TF 66. MC 70. MC 74. MC 78. MC 245. C
18. TF 67. MC 71. MC 75. MC 170. MC
19. TF 68. MC 72. MC 76. MC 203. Ex
Learning Objective
20. TF 40. TF 82. MC 86. 5 MC 90. MC 172. MC
21. TF 79. MC 83. MC 87. MC 91. MC 246. C
22. TF 80. MC 84. MC 88. MC 92. MC
23. TF 81. MC 85. MC 89. MC 171. MC

http://ustestbank.com/financial-accounting-weygandt-kieso-kimmel-9th-tb
 USTESTBANK.COM
FOR INSTRUCTOR USE
ONLY

http://ustestbank.com/financial-accounting-weygandt-kieso-kimmel-9th-tb
 USTESTBANK.COM

Accounting in Action 1-3

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OBJECTIVES BY QUESTION TYPE

Learning Objective
24. TF 96. MC 103. MC 110. 6 MC 173. MC 205. Ex 212. Ex
25. TF 97. MC 104. MC 111. MC 193. BE 206. Ex 213. Ex
26. TF 98. MC 105. MC 112. MC 194. BE 207. Ex 214. Ex
41. TF 99. MC 106. MC 113. MC 195. BE 208. Ex 247. C
93. MC 100. MC 107. MC 114. MC 196. BE 209. Ex 248. C
94. MC 101. MC 108. MC 115. MC 197. BE 210. Ex
95. MC 102. MC 109. MC 116. MC 204. Ex 211. Ex
Learning Objective
27. TF 118. MC 124. MC 130. 7 MC 214. Ex 220. Ex 226. Ex
28. TF 119. MC 125. MC 174. MC 215. Ex 221. Ex
29. TF 120. MC 126. MC 175. MC 216. Ex 222. Ex
30. TF 121. MC 127. MC 198. BE 217. Ex 223. Ex
42. TF 122. MC 128. MC 212. Ex 218. Ex 224. Ex
117. MC 123. MC 129. MC 213. Ex 219. Ex 225. Ex
Learning Objective
31. TF 133. MC 141. MC 149. 8 MC 157. MC 201. BE 233. Ex
32. TF 134. MC 142. MC 150. MC 158. MC 202. BE 234. Ex
33. TF 135. MC 143. MC 151. MC 159. MC 227. Ex 235. Ex
34. TF 136. MC 144. MC 152. MC 160. MC 228. Ex 236. Ex
35. TF 137. MC 145. MC 153. MC 176. MC 229. Ex 237. Ex
43. TF 138. MC 146. MC 154. MC 177. MC 230. Ex 238. Ex
131. MC 139. MC 147. MC 155. MC 199. BE 231. Ex 239. Ex
132. MC 140. MC 148. MC 156. MC 200. BE 232. Ex 249. C
Learning Objective
a
161. MC a
162. MC a
163. MC
a
164. 9 MC
Learning Objective
178. MC 180. MC 182. MC 184.10 MC 186. MC 188. MC 190. MC
179. MC 181. MC 183. MC 185. MC 187. MC 189. MC 191. MC

Note: TF = True-False BE = Brief Exercise C = Completion

MC = Multiple Choice Ex = Exercise

http://ustestbank.com/financial-accounting-weygandt-kieso-kimmel-9th-tb
 USTESTBANK.COM
FOR INSTRUCTOR USE
ONLY

http://ustestbank.com/financial-accounting-weygandt-kieso-kimmel-9th-tb
 USTESTBANK.COM

1-4 Test Bank for Financial Accounting, Ninth Edition

CHAPTER LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. Explain what accounting is. Accounting is an information system that identifies, records,
and communicates the economic events of an organization to interested users.
2. Identify the users and uses of accounting. The major users and uses of accounting are
as follows: (a) Management uses accounting information to plan, organize, and run the
business. (b) Investors (owners) decide whether to buy, hold, or sell their financial interests
on the basis of accounting data. (c) Creditors (suppliers and bankers) evaluate the risks of
granting credit or lending money on the basis of accounting information. Other groups that
use accounting information are taxing authorities, regulatory agencies, customers, and labor
unions.
3. Understand why ethics is a fundamental business concept. Ethics are the standards
of conduct by which actions are judged as right or wrong. Effective financial reporting
depends on sound ethical behavior.
4. Explain generally accepted accounting principles. Generally accepted accounting
principles are a common set of standards used by accountants.
5. Explain the monetary unit assumption and the economic entity assumption.
The monetary unit assumption requires that companies include in the accounting records
only transaction data that can be expressed in terms of money. The economic entity
assumption requires that the activities of each economic entity be kept separate from the
activities of its owners and other economic entities.
6. State the accounting equation, and define its components. The basic accounting
equation is:
Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders' Equity
Assets are resources owned by a business. Liabilities are creditorship claims on total assets.
Stockholders' equity is the ownership claim on total assets.
The expanded accounting equation
is:
Assets = Liabilities + Common Stock + Revenues − Expenses −
Dividends
Common stock is affected when the company issues new shares of stock in exchange
for cash. Revenues are increases in assets resulting from income-earning activities.
Expenses are the costs of assets consumed or services used in the process of earning
revenue. Dividends are payments the company makes to its stockholders.
7. Analyze the effects of business transactions on the accounting equation. Each
business transaction must have a dual effect on the accounting equation. For example, if
an individual asset increases, there must be a corresponding (1) decrease in another asset,
or (2) increase in a specific liability, or (3) increase in stockholders' equity.
8. Understand the four financial statements and how they are prepared. An income
statement presents the revenues and expenses, and resulting net income or net loss, for
a specific period of time. A retained earnings statement summarizes the changes in
retained earnings for a specific period of time. A balance sheet reports the assets,
liabilities, and stockholders' equity at a specific date. A statement of cash flows
summarizes information about the cash inflows (receipts) and outflows (payments) for a
specific period of time.

http://ustestbank.com/financial-accounting-weygandt-kieso-kimmel-9th-tb
 USTESTBANK.COM
a
9. Explain the career opportunities in accounting. Accounting offers many different jobs
in fields such as public and private accounting, governmental, and forensic
accounting. Accounting is a popular major because there are many different types of jobs,
with unlimited potential for career advancement.

FOR INSTRUCTOR USE

ONLY

http://ustestbank.com/financial-accounting-weygandt-kieso-kimmel-9th-tb
 USTESTBANK.COM

Accounting in Action 1-5

TRUE-FALSE STATEMENTS
1. Owners of business firms are the only people who need accounting information.
Ans: F LO1 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

2. Transactions that can be measured in dollars and cents are recorded in the
financial information system.
Ans: T LO1 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

3. The hiring of a new company president is an economic event recorded by the

financial information system.
Ans: F LO1 BT: C Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

4. Management of a business enterprise is the major external user of information.

Ans: F LO2 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

5. Accounting communicates financial information about a business enterprise to

both internal and external users.
Ans: T LO2 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

6. Accounting information is used only by external users with a financial interest in

a business enterprise.
Ans: F LO2 BT: C Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

7. Financial statements are the major means of communicating accounting information

to interested parties.
Ans: T LO2 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

8. Bookkeeping and accounting are one and the same because the bookkeeping
function includes the accounting process.
Ans: F LO2 BT: C Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

9. The origins of accounting are attributed to Luca Pacioli, a famous mathematician.

Ans: T LO2 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

10. The study of accounting will be useful only if a student is interested in working for a
profit- oriented business firm.
Ans: F LO2 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

11. Private accountants are accountants who are not employees of business enterprises.
Ans: F LO2 BT:K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

12. The study of accounting is not useful for a business career unless your career
objective is to become an accountant.
Ans: F LO2 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

13. A working knowledge of accounting is not relevant to a lawyer or an architect.

Ans: F LO2 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

14. Expressing an opinion as to the fairness of the information presented in

financial statements is a service performed by CPAs.
Ans: T LO2 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

http://ustestbank.com/financial-accounting-weygandt-kieso-kimmel-9th-tb
 USTESTBANK.COM
FOR INSTRUCTOR USE
ONLY

http://ustestbank.com/financial-accounting-weygandt-kieso-kimmel-9th-tb
 USTESTBANK.COM

1-6 Test Bank for Financial Accounting, Ninth Edition

15. Accountants rely on a fundamental business concept—ethical behavior—in

reporting financial information.
Ans: T LO3 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

16. The primary accounting standard-setting body in the United States is the
International
Accounting Standards Board.
Ans: F LO4 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

17. The Financial Accounting Standards Board is a part of the Securities and
Exchange
Commission.
Ans: F LO4 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

18. The Securities and Exchange Commission oversees U.S. financial markets
and accounting standard-setting bodies.
Ans: T LO4 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

19. The cost and fair value of an asset are the same at the time of acquisition and in
all subsequent periods.
Ans: F LO4 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

20. Even though a partnership is not a separate legal entity, for accounting purposes
the partnership affairs should be kept separate from the personal activities of the
owners.
Ans: T LO5 BT: C Difficulty; Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

21. A partnership must have more than one owner.

Ans: T LO5 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

22. The economic entity assumption requires that the activities of an entity be kept
separate and distinct from the activities of its owner and all other economic entities.
Ans: T LO5 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

23. The monetary unit assumption states that transactions that can be measured in terms
of money should be recorded in the accounting records.
Ans: T LO5 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

24. In order to possess future service potential, an asset must have physical substance.
Ans: F LO6 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

25. Owners' claims to total business assets take precedence over the claims of
creditors because owners invest assets in the business and are liable for losses.
Ans: F LO6 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

26. The basic accounting equation states that Assets = Liabilities.

Ans: F LO6 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

27. Accountants record both internal and external transactions.

Ans: T LO7 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

28. Internal transactions do not affect the basic accounting equation because they
are economic events that occur entirely within one company.
Ans: F LO7 BT: C Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting
http://ustestbank.com/financial-accounting-weygandt-kieso-kimmel-9th-tb
 USTESTBANK.COM

FOR INSTRUCTOR USE

ONLY

http://ustestbank.com/financial-accounting-weygandt-kieso-kimmel-9th-tb
 USTESTBANK.COM

Accounting in Action 1-7

29. The purchase of store equipment for cash reduces stockholders’ equity by an
equal amount.
Ans: F LO7 BT: C Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

30. The purchase of office equipment on credit increases total assets and total liabilities.
Ans: T LO7 BT: C Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

31. The primary purpose of the statement of cash flows is to provide information about
the cash receipts and cash payments of a company during a period.
Ans: T LO8 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

32. Net income for the period is determined by subtracting total expenses and drawings
from total revenues.
Ans: F LO8 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

33. The income statement is sometimes referred to as the statement of operations.

Ans: T LO8 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

34. A balance sheet reports the assets and liabilities of a company for a specific
period of time.
Ans: F LO8 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

35. The ending retained earnings balance is reported on both the retained earnings
statement and the balance sheet.
Ans: T LO8 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

36. Identifying is the process of keeping a chronological diary of events measured in

dollars and cents.
Ans: F LO1 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

37. Management consulting includes examining the financial statements of companies

and expressing an opinion as to the fairness of their presentation.
Ans: F LO2 BT: K Difficulty; Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

38. Accountants do not have to worry about issues of ethics.

Ans: F LO3 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Ethics AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

39. At the time an asset is acquired, cost and fair value should be the same.
Ans: T LO4 BT: C Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

40. The monetary unit assumption requires that all dollar amounts be rounded to the
nearest dollar.
Ans: F LO5 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

41. The basic accounting equation is in balance when the creditor and ownership
claims against the business equal the assets.
Ans: T LO6 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

42. External transactions involve economic events between the company and some
other enterprise or party.
Ans: T LO7 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

43. In the retained earnings statement, revenues are listed first, followed by expenses,
and net income (or net loss).
Ans: F LO8 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: .5 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

http://ustestbank.com/financial-accounting-weygandt-kieso-kimmel-9th-tb
 USTESTBANK.COM
FOR INSTRUCTOR USE
ONLY

http://ustestbank.com/financial-accounting-weygandt-kieso-kimmel-9th-tb
 USTESTBANK.COM

1-8 Test Bank for Financial Accounting, Ninth Edition

Answers to True-False Statements

Item Ans. Item Ans. Item Ans. Item Ans. Item Ans. Item Ans. Item Ans.
1. F 8. F 15. T 22. T 29. F 36. F 43. F
2. T 9. T 16. F 23. T 30. T 37. F
3. F 10. F 17. F 24. F 31. T 38. F
4. F 11. F 18. T 25. F 32. F 39. T
5. T 12. F 19. F 26. F 33. T 40. F
6. F 13. F 20. T 27. T 34. F 41. T
7. T 14. T 21. T 28. F 35. T 42. T

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

44. Accountants refer to an economic event as
a a. purchase.
b. sale.
c. transaction.
d. change in ownership.
Ans: c LO1 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

45. The process of recording transactions has become more efficient

because a. fewer events can be quantified in financial terms.
b. computers are used in processing business events.
c. more people have been hired to record business
transactions. d. business events are recorded only at the end
of the year.
Ans: b LO1 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

46. Communication of economic events is the part of the accounting process that
involves a. identifying economic events.
b. quantifying transactions into dollars and
cents. c. preparing accounting reports.
d. recording and classifying information.
Ans: c LO1 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

47. Which of the following events cannot be quantified into dollars and cents and recorded
as an accounting transaction?
a. The appointment of a new CPA firm to perform an
audit. b. The purchase of a new computer.
c. The sale of store equipment.
d. Payment of income taxes.
Ans: a LO1 BT: C Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

48. The use of computers in recording business

events a. has made the recording process more
efficient.
b. does not use the same principles as manual accounting systems.
c. has greatly impacted the identification stage of the accounting
process. d. is economical only for large businesses.
Ans: a LO1 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

http://ustestbank.com/financial-accounting-weygandt-kieso-kimmel-9th-tb
 USTESTBANK.COM

FOR INSTRUCTOR USE

ONLY

http://ustestbank.com/financial-accounting-weygandt-kieso-kimmel-9th-tb
 USTESTBANK.COM

Accounting in Action 1-9

49. The accounting process involves all of the following except

a. identifying economic transactions that are relevant to the
business.
b. communicating financial information to users by preparing financial
reports. c. recording nonquantifiable economic events.
d. analyzing and interpreting financial
reports.
Ans: c LO1 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

50. The accounting process is correctly sequenced

as a. identification, communication, recording.
b. recording, communication,
identification. c. identification, recording,
communication. d. communication,
recording, identification.
Ans: c LO1 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

51. Which of the following techniques are not used by accountants to interpret and
report financial information?
a. Graphs.
b. Special memos for each class of external
users. c. Charts.
d. Ratios.
Ans: b LO1 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

52. Accounting consists of three basic activities which are related to economic events of
an organization. These include
a. identifying, recording, and
communicating
b. identifying, calculating, and
responding c. classifying, numbering,
and reporting
d. issuing, reporting, and classifying
Ans: a LO1 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

53. All of the following statements are correct except

a. Good decision-making depends on good
information.
b. A vital element in communicating economic events is the accountant's ability
to analyze and interpret reported information.
c. The origins of accounting are generally attributed to Socrates, a classical
Greek philosopher, who promoted accounting as a social contract.
d. The information that a user of financial information needs depends upon the kinds
of decisions the user makes.
Ans: c LO2 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

54. Which of the following would not be considered an internal user of accounting data for
the
GHI
Company?

http://ustestbank.com/financial-accounting-weygandt-kieso-kimmel-9th-tb
 USTESTBANK.COM
a. President of the
company. b. Production
manager.
c. Merchandise inventory clerk.
d. President of the employees' labor union.
Ans: d LO2 BT: C Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

FOR INSTRUCTOR USE

ONLY

http://ustestbank.com/financial-accounting-weygandt-kieso-kimmel-9th-tb
 USTESTBANK.COM

1 - 10 Test Bank for Financial Accounting, Ninth Edition

55. Which of the following would not be considered an external user of accounting data
for the GHI Company?
a. Internal Revenue Service
Agent. b. Management.
c. Creditors.
d. Customers.
Ans: b LO2 BT: C Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

56. Which of the following would not be considered internal users of accounting data
for a company?
a. The president of a company.
b. The controller of a company.
c. Creditors of a company.
d. Salesmen of the company.
Ans: c LO2 BT: C Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

57. Which of the following is an external user of accounting information?

a. Labor unions.
b. Finance directors.
c. Company officers.
d. Managers.
Ans: a LO2 BT: C Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

58. Which one of the following is not an external user of accounting information?
a. Regulatory
agencies. b.
Customers.
c. Investors.
d. All of these are external users.
Ans: d LO2 BT: C Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

59. Bookkeeping differs from accounting in that bookkeeping primarily involves which
part of the accounting process?
a. Identification.
b.
Communication. c.
Recording.
d. Analysis.
Ans: c LO2 BT: C Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

60. The origins of accounting are generally attributed to the work

of a. Christopher Columbus.
b. Abner Doubleday.
c. Luca Pacioli.
d. Leonardo da Vinci.
Ans: c LO2 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

http://ustestbank.com/financial-accounting-weygandt-kieso-kimmel-9th-tb
 USTESTBANK.COM

FOR INSTRUCTOR USE

ONLY

http://ustestbank.com/financial-accounting-weygandt-kieso-kimmel-9th-tb
 USTESTBANK.COM

Accounting in Action 1 - 11

61. Financial accounting provides economic and financial information for all of the
following
except
a. creditors.
b. investors.
c. managers.
d. other external users.
Ans: c LO2 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

62. The final step in solving an ethical dilemma is to

a. identify and analyze the principal elements in the
situation. b. recognize an ethical situation.
c. identify the alternatives and weigh the impact of each alternative on
stakeholders. d. recognize the ethical issues involved.
Ans: c LO2 BT: C Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

63. The first step in solving an ethical dilemma is to

a. identify and analyze the principal elements in the
situation. b. identify the alternatives.
c. recognize an ethical situation and the ethical issues
involved. d. weigh the impact of each alternative on various
stakeholders.
Ans: c LO3 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Ethics AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

64. Ethics are the standards of conduct by which one's actions are judged
as a. right or wrong.
b. honest or
dishonest. c. fair or
unfair.
d. All of these answers are correct.
Ans: d LO3 BT: C Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Ethics AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

65. All of the following are steps in analyzing ethics cases in financial reporting except
a. identify and analyze the principle elements in the situation.
b. contact law enforcement regarding any violations of corporate ethics
codes
c. identify the alternatives and weigh the impact of each alternative on
various stakeholders.
d. recognize an ethical situation and the ethical issues involved.
Ans: b LO3 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

66. In order to increase comparability, in recent years, the FASB and IASB have made
efforts to reduce the differences between U.S.GAAP and IFRS through a process
known as
a. convergence
b. monetary unit
assumption c. the cost
principle
d. the fair value principle
Ans: a LO4 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

http://ustestbank.com/financial-accounting-weygandt-kieso-kimmel-9th-tb
 USTESTBANK.COM

FOR INSTRUCTOR USE

ONLY

http://ustestbank.com/financial-accounting-weygandt-kieso-kimmel-9th-tb
 USTESTBANK.COM

1 - 12 Test Bank for Financial Accounting, Ninth Edition

67. Martin Corporation purchased land in 2007 for $290,000. In 2015, it purchased a
nearly identical parcel of land for $460,000. In its 2015 balance sheet, Martin valued
these two parcels of land at a combined value of $920,000. By reporting the land in
this manner, Martin Corp. has violated the
a. historical cost principle
b. convergence
c. economic entity
assumption d. monetary unit
assumption
Ans: a LO4 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

68. Andre Dickinson, owner of Andre's Fine Wines, also owns a personal residence that
costs
$475,000. The market value of his residence is $625,000. During preparation of
the financial statements for Andre's Fine Wines, the accounting concept most relevant
to the presentation of Andre's home is
a. the economic entity assumption.
b. the fair value principle.
c. the monetary unit
assumption. d. convergence.
Ans: a LO4 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

69. Generally accepted accounting principles are

a. income tax regulations of the Internal Revenue
Service. b. standards that indicate how to report
economic events.
c. theories that are based on physical laws of the universe.
d. principles that have been proven correct by academic
researchers.
Ans: b LO4 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

70. The historical cost principle requires that when assets are acquired, they be
recorded at a. appraisal value.
b. cost.
c. market
price. d. book
value.
Ans: b LO4 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

71. The cost of an asset and its fair value

are a. never the same.
b. the same when the asset is sold.
c. irrelevant when the asset is used by the business in its
operations. d. the same on the date of acquisition.
Ans: d LO4 BT: C Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

72. The body of theory underlying accounting is not based

on a. physical laws of nature.

http://ustestbank.com/financial-accounting-weygandt-kieso-kimmel-9th-tb
 USTESTBANK.COM
b. concepts.
c. principles.
d. definitions.
Ans: a LO4 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

FOR INSTRUCTOR USE

ONLY

http://ustestbank.com/financial-accounting-weygandt-kieso-kimmel-9th-tb
 USTESTBANK.COM

Accounting in Action 1 - 13

73. The private sector organization involved in developing accounting principles is

the a. Feasible Accounting Standards Body.
b. Financial Accounting Studies Board.
c. Financial Accounting Standards
Board. d. Financial Auditors' Standards
Body.
Ans: c LO4 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

74. The SEC and FASB are two organizations that are primarily responsible for
establishing generally accepted accounting principles. It is true that
a. they are both governmental agencies.
b. the SEC is a private organization of accountants.
c. the SEC often mandates guidelines when no accounting principles
exist. d. the SEC and FASB rarely cooperate in developing accounting
standards.
Ans: c LO4 BT: C Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

75. GAAP stands for

a. Generally Accepted Auditing
Procedures. b. Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles. c. Generally
Accepted Auditing Principles.
d. Generally Accepted Accounting Procedures.
Ans: b LO4 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

76. Financial information that is capable of making a difference in a decision

is a. faithfully representative.
b. relevant.
c. convergent.
d. generally accepted.
Ans: b LO4 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

77. The Duce Company has five plants nationwide that cost a total of $100 million.
The current fair value of the plants is $500 million. The plants will be recorded and
reported as assets at
a. $100 million.
b. $600 million.
c. $400 million.
d. $500 million.
Ans: a LO4 BT: C Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

78. The fair value principle is applied

for a. all assets.
b. current assets.
c. buildings.
d. investment securities.
Ans: d LO4 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

http://ustestbank.com/financial-accounting-weygandt-kieso-kimmel-9th-tb
 USTESTBANK.COM

FOR INSTRUCTOR USE

ONLY

http://ustestbank.com/financial-accounting-weygandt-kieso-kimmel-9th-tb
 USTESTBANK.COM

1 - 14 Test Bank for Financial Accounting, Ninth Edition

79. The proprietorship form of business organization

a. must have at least three owners in most states.
b. represents the largest number of businesses in the United States.
c. combines the records of the business with the personal records of the owner.
d. is characterized by a legal distinction between the business as an economic unit
and the owner.
Ans: b LO5 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

80. The economic entity assumption requires that the activities

a. of different entities can be combined if all the entities are
corporations. b. must be reported to the Securities and Exchange
Commission.
c. of a sole proprietorship cannot be distinguished from the personal economic events
of its owners.
d. of an entity be kept separate from the activities of its owner.
Ans: d LO5 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

81. A business organized as a corporation

a. is not a separate legal entity in most states.
b. requires that stockholders be personally liable for the debts of the
business. c. is owned by its stockholders.
d. terminates when one of its original stockholders dies.
Ans: c LO5 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

82. The partnership form of business

organization a. is a separate legal entity.
b. is a common form of organization for service-type businesses.
c. enjoys an unlimited
life. d. has limited
liability.
Ans: b LO5 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

83. Which of the following is not an advantage of the corporate form of

business organization?
a. Limited liability of
stockholders b. Transferability
of ownership
c. Unlimited personal liability for stockholders
d. Unlimited life
Ans: c LO5 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

84. A small neighborhood barber shop that is operated by its owner would likely be
organized as a
a. joint
venture. b.
partnership. c.
corporation.
d. proprietorship.
Ans: d LO5 BT: C Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

http://ustestbank.com/financial-accounting-weygandt-kieso-kimmel-9th-tb
 USTESTBANK.COM

FOR INSTRUCTOR USE

ONLY

http://ustestbank.com/financial-accounting-weygandt-kieso-kimmel-9th-tb
 USTESTBANK.COM

Accounting in Action 1 - 15

85. John and Sam met at law school and decide to start a small law practice after
graduation.
They agree to split revenues and expenses evenly. The most common form of
business organization for a business such as this would be a
a. joint
venture. b.
partnership. c.
corporation.
d. proprietorship.
Ans: b LO5 BT: C Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

86. Which of the following is true regarding the corporate form of business organization?
a. Corporations are the most prevalent form of business organization.
b. Corporate businesses are generally smaller in size than partnerships and
proprietor- ships.
c. The revenues of corporations are greater than the combined revenues of
partnerships and proprietorships.
d. Corporations are separate legal entities organized exclusively under federal law.
Ans: c LO5 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

87. A basic assumption of accounting that requires activities of an entity be kept separate
from the activities of its owner is referred to as the
a. stand alone concept.
b. monetary unit assumption.
c. corporate form of
ownership. d. economic entity
assumption.
Ans: d LO5 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

88. Ted Leo is the proprietor (owner) of Ted's, a retailer of golf apparel. When recording
the financial transactions of Ted's, Ted does not record an entry for a car he purchased
for personal use. Ted took out a personal loan to pay for the car. What accounting
concept guides Ted's behavior in this situation?
a. Pay back concept
b. Economic entity
assumption c. Cash basis
concept
d. Monetary unit assumption
Ans: b LO5 BT: C Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

89. A basic assumption of accounting assumes that the dollar

is a. unrelated to business transactions.
b. a poor measure of economic activities.
c. the common unit of measure for all business
transactions. d. useless in measuring an economic event.
Ans: c LO5 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

90. The assumption that the unit of measure remains sufficiently constant over time is part
of the

http://ustestbank.com/financial-accounting-weygandt-kieso-kimmel-9th-tb
 USTESTBANK.COM
a. economic entity
assumption. b. cost principle.
c. historical cost principle.
d. monetary unit assumption.
Ans: d LO5 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

FOR INSTRUCTOR USE

ONLY

http://ustestbank.com/financial-accounting-weygandt-kieso-kimmel-9th-tb
 USTESTBANK.COM

1 - 16 Test Bank for Financial Accounting, Ninth Edition

91. Owners enjoy limited liability in

a a. proprietorship.
b.
partnership. c.
corporation.
d. sole proprietorship.
Ans: c LO5 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

92. A problem with the monetary unit assumption is

that a. the dollar has not been stable over time.
b. the dollar has been stable over time.
c. the dollar is a common medium of exchange.
d. it is impossible to account for international transactions.
Ans: a LO5 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

93. The common characteristic possessed by all assets

is a. long life.
b. great monetary value.
c. tangible nature.
d. future economic benefit.
Ans: d LO6 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

94. Owner's equity is best depicted by the following:

a. Assets =
Liabilities. b.
Liabilities + Assets.
c. Residual equity + Assets.
d. Assets – Liabilities.
Ans: d LO6 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

95. The basic accounting equation may be expressed

as a. Assets = Equities.
b. Assets – Liabilities = Stockholders' Equity.
c. Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders' Equity.
d. All of these answers are correct.
Ans: d LO6 BT: K Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

96. Liabilities
a. are future economic benefits.
b. are existing debts and
obligations. c. possess service
potential.
d. are things of value used by the business in its operation.
Ans: b LO6 BT: C Difficulty: Easy TOT: 1.0 min. AACSB: Reflective Thinking AICPA BB: Critical Thinking AICPA FN: Reporting

97. Liabilities of a company would not

include a. notes payable.
b. accounts payable.
c. salaries and wages
payable. d. cash.
http://ustestbank.com/financial-accounting-weygandt-kieso-kimmel-9th-tb
Random documents with unrelated
content Scribd suggests to you:
The present town may be said to owe its creation to the construction
of the far-famed iron bridge which here spans the Severn, and from
which it derives its name. The iron works established at Madeley
Wood, together with the flourishing works of Coalbrookdale, and the
communication the bridge opened up with those of iron and clay at
Broseley, so fostered its trade that it soon sprang into importance as
a town. John Locke, the well-known author of the work on “The
Understanding,” has somewhere said that he who first made known
the use of iron “may be styled the father of arts and the author of
plenty.” Next to the discovery of the material, in point of
importance, is its adaptation to the uses and conveniences of
mankind. No bridge crossed the river between Buildwas and
Bridgnorth, and to the noble arch which crosses the Severn the
place is indebted alike for its population, its importance, and its
name. It has the credit of having been the first of its kind, and in
design and construction was a triumph of engineering skill rarely
witnessed at the period at which it was built. A great advance upon
the rickety wooden structures, affected by wind and rain, it was no
less so upon those clumsy-looking ones of stone higher up and lower
down the river, which, choking up the stream and impeding
navigation, caused apprehensions at every flood for their safety.
The design originated at a period interesting from the expansion of
the iron trade and the progress of road making; and was opposed by
the ferry men, who thought boats a sufficient accommodation in
connecting both banks of the river. But as stone succeeded more
primitive formations—logs, single or planked, thrown across a
stream—so iron from its strength and lightness triumphed over other
materials. It may add to the triumph of the achievement to remark,
that both French and Italian engineers who, during the last century
took the lead in engineering works of this kind, had made attempts
in this particular department, but failed—chiefly from the inability of
their iron founders to cast large masses of metal. The first attempt,
we believe, was made at Lyons, in 1775. One of the arches was put
together, but the project was afterwards abandoned as too costly,
timber being substituted in its stead.
The second Abraham Darby had looked at the place and thought
how it was to be done. The third Abraham Darby, who on arriving at
man’s estate showed himself possessed of the same spirit of
enterprise as had distinguished his father and grandfather, resolved
to carry out the idea, and to erect a bridge which should unite the
parishes of Broseley and Madeley, the former then in the full tide of
its prosperity as an iron making, pot making, and brick making
district. The time was favourable for the experiment, not only on
account of the expansion of the iron trade, but from the progress
just then taking place in road making; and the owners of the
adjoining land as well as those at the head of local industries were
found favourable to the scheme. A company was formed, and an
Act of Parliament was obtained, the provisions of which were so
drawn as to provide against failure, the terms being that the bridge
should be of “cast iron, stone, brick, or timber.” Like some members
of the company, the architect, Mr. Pritchard, of Shrewsbury, does not
seem to have had full faith in the new material, as in the first plans
prepared by him iron was to be used but sparingly, and in the crown
of the arch only. This did not satisfy Abraham Darby, John
Wilkinson, and others; and Mr. Darby’s principal pattern maker,
Thomas Gregory, made other plans.
Wilkinson had made and launched his iron barge down at the
Roving, he had made “iron men” to get the coal, he had made an
iron pulpit, he had made himself an iron coffin, which he kept in his
greenhouse, besides one or two to give away to his friends. He had
faith in iron, in iron only, and he insisted upon the employment of his
favourite metal.
Telford described him as the king of Ironmasters, in himself a host;
the others said he was iron mad, but submitted; and the bridge was
commenced. The stone abutments were laid in 1777, during which
time the castings were being made at the Dale. The ironwork took
but three months to erect. The following particulars may be
interest.
On the abutments of the stone works are placed iron plates,
with mortices, in which stand two upright pillars of the same.
Against the foot of the inner pillar the bottom of the main rib
bears on a base plate. This rib consists of two pieces connected
by a dovetail joint in an iron key, and fastened by screws; each
is seventy feet long. The shorter ribs pass through the pillar,
the back rib in like manner, without coming down to the plate.
The cross-stays, braces, circles in spandrils, and the brackets,
connect the larger pieces, so as to keep the bridge perfectly
steady, while the diagonal and cross-stays and top plates
connect the pillars and ribs together in opposite directions. The
whole bridge is covered with top plates, projecting over the ribs
on each side, and on this projection stands the balustrade of
cast iron. The road over the bridge, made generally of iron
slag, is twenty-four feet wide, and one foot deep. The span of
the arch is one hundred feet six inches, and the height from the
base line to the centre is forty feet. The weight of iron in the
whole is three hundred and seventy-eight tons, ten hundred-
weight. Each piece of the long ribs weighs five tons, fifteen
hundred. On the largest or exterior rib is inscribed in capitals
—“This bridge was cast at Coalbrookdale, and erected in the
year 1779.”
During the construction of the bridge a model was prepared and
sent up to the Society of Arts, who presented Mr. Darby with their
gold medal in recognition of his merits as designer and erector; and
a model and an engraving of the bridge may still be seen in the
Society’s rooms, John Street, Adelphi. Mr. Robert Stephenson has
said of the structure: “If we consider that the manipulation of cast-
iron was then completely in its infancy, a bridge of such dimensions
was doubtless a bold as well as an original undertaking, and the
efficiency of the details is worthy of the boldness of the conception.”
Mr. Stephenson adds “that from a defect in the construction the
abutments were thrust inwards at the approaches and the ribs
partially fractured.” This was not the case. It arose from the nature
of the land and its exterior pressure which was obviated by sinking
and underbuilding the foundation, and to remedy the supposed
defect, two small land arches were, in the year 1800, substituted for
the stone approach on the Broseley side. While the work was in
progress, Mr. Telford carefully examined the bridge, and thus spoke
of its condition at the time:—

“The great improvement of erecting upon a navigable river a

bridge of cast-iron of one arch only was first put in practice near
Coalbrookdale. The bridge was executed in 1777 by Mr.
Abraham Darby, and the ironwork is now quite as perfect as
when it was first put up. Drawings of this bridge have long
been before the public, and have been much and justly
admired.”

Mr. Smiles in speaking of the bridge quotes a Coalbrookdale

correspondent who, writing in May, 1862, says that

“at the present time the bridge is undergoing repair; and,

special examination having been made, there is no appearance
either that the abutments have moved, or that the ribs have
been broken in the centre or are out of their proper right line.
There has, it is true, been a strain on the land arches, and on
 the roadway plates, which, however, the main arch has been
able effectually to resist.”

It is a pleasing object in the landscape, and passed its centenary this

year, 1879, with no other display than a few small flags which Mr.
Frisby placed on the balustrades. It has paid for itself over, and over
again; and the excessive toll is at present severely felt. Those
sharing the benefits of the monopoly of course protest against
attempts to make it a free bridge, and being private property there is
no other means of effecting the object than by buying them out, or
by obtaining ah Act of Parliament. There is, it is true, one other:
and that the suicidal one of letting it rust to its own destruction—a
course the monopolists seem resolved to take. [340]
The Severn formerly was a great liquid highway for heavy goods;
people took their boats to Shrewsbury to the fairs for butter, cheese,
and groceries, and came down with the stream, others were carried
on pack-horses; a strong enduring race now extinct.
Roads were made pretty much at will, and were repaired at
pleasure. Covered waggons, like Crowley’s, drawn by 4 or 6 heavy
horses, crept along the rough circuitous roads. It was not till 1763
that turnpike-gates were established, to raise money to keep roads
in repair. Stage coaches then ventured into districts they had not
visited before. Previous to a road being made along the Wharfage,
coaches had to toil up the hill at the back of the Swan, but after the
bridge was built they went under it and turned up by the stables to
the front of the Company’s Inn, the Tontine. Afterwards they ran
somewhere at the back and came into the old road at Lincoln Hill.
Ultimately the present road was made by Styches pit to the top of
the bank. At one time four coaches ran through the town; two from
Shrewsbury to Cheltenham, L’Hirondelle and the Hibernia; and two
from Shrewsbury to Birmingham; the Salopian and, we think, the
Emerald. The two latter belonged to the brothers Hemmings, who
drove them; but who afterwards quarrelled and ran in opposition to
each other. Taylor of the Lion started the “Young Salopian” in
opposition; and Hemmings then called his the “Old Salopian.” When
the Birmingham and London railway opened, Taylor got a petition
numerously signed to the Post Master General, asking in an
apparently disinterested way to be allowed to carry the mail bags
gratuitously to Birmingham, at the same time binding himself to
forfeit a heavy sum if he failed to be in time. He obtained his wish
and immediately called his coach the Royal Mail; which not only
brought him custom but saved him £1 4s. 0d. per week at Tern
Gate, 18s. at Watling street, £1 4s. 0d. at Priorslee, 12s. at Shifnal,
and tolls at all the other gates to Birmingham.
John Peters took a fancy for driving the Hibernia, thinking he could
take it down the steep hills between Shrewsbury and Ironbridge
without stopping to have the wheels looked. The first steep descent
was the Wyle-cop, and this he managed to get down without
accident; but in trying the experiment down Leighton Bank, shortly
before the first change of horses, the coach, driver, and passengers
came to grief, and were pitched right over into a field at the bottom
of the hill. Peters was seriously injured, and some of the passengers
were badly hurt; but Peters never tried a similar experiment to the
end of his days.
In those days it was a strange sight for a stranger coming down the
bank towards Bedlam for the first time in the dusk of a winter’s
evening, when the works were in full operation. We remember
Hemmings once telling of a Cockney coming down into the country
for the first time, and waking up from a snooze, unable to conjecture
the true character of the scene, and insisting upon going no farther.
To him the mazy river was the Styx; and had he been able to see the
ferry unpaddled moving slowly to and fro in mid-channel, he might
have imagined it was Charon’s boat; and the bellowing blast-
furnaces and coke-fires the entrance to Inferno. These fires have
long been extinguished, and the supply of mineral riches being
exhausted, labour has migrated to places where nature had similar
gifts in store to stimulate wealth-creating industry. You may yet
perceive the crumbling outlines of the ruins, abrupt and massive, like
the tottering walls of some dismantled castle. Mr. Glazebrook, Mr. E.
Edwards, and others horsed some of the coaches from Ironbridge,
and the stopping and changing usually drew a group of tradesmen
and others to witness the sight. L’Hirondelle was horsed from
Shrewsbury by Jobson of the Talbot, who took a special pride in his
team. When Hemmings left the road we had some few attempts at
running Omnibuses by the Rushtons, and by Walters; first to
Wolverhampton, and next to Wellington; but railways coming nearer
drove them from the road.
The tradesmen of Ironbridge naturally took great interest in the
various schemes proposed to bring railways within their reach, and
assisted manfully in meeting the difficulties which for a long time
delayed the execution of the works on the part of interested
landowners, and others who advocated rival schemes; and it may be
interesting here to place on record facts bearing on the subject.

THE SEVERN VALLEY RAILWAY WAS

AUTHORIZED IN 1853.
First by the 16th and 17th Vict. Ch. 227, entitled “An Act for making
a Railway from the Oxford, Worcester, and Wolverhampton Railway
near Hartlebury, in the County of Worcester, to the Borough of
Shrewsbury, in the County of Salop, WITH A BRANCH to be called the
Severn Valley Railway, and for other purposes.”
2ndly, in 1855. By the 18th. and 19th. Vict. Ch. 188 entitled “An Act
for making and maintaining the Severn Valley Railway, and for other
purposes.”
3rdly. in 1856. By the 19th. and 20th. Vic. Ch. 111 entitled “An Act
for authorizing deviations from the authorized line of the Severn
Valley Railway, and for making further provisions with respect to
Shares in the Capital of the Severn Valley Company, and for
facilitating the completion of their undertaking, and other purposes.”
4thly in 1858. By the 21st. and 22nd. Vic. Ch. — entitled “An Act for
making further provisions with respect to the Severn Valley Railway
in order to the completion thereof, and for other purposes.”
5thly in 1860. By the Severn Valley Railway Leasing Act 1860 to the
West-Midland.

THE WELLINGTON AND SEVERN JUNCTION

RAILWAY
Was authorized in 1853, but a portion only of this Railway (from
Wellington to Lightmoor) was constructed and the powers of the Act
lapsed. It was worked by the Great Western Company in connexion
with their line from Lightmoor to Shifnal and Wolverhampton.
The Great Western Company and the West Midland and Severn
Valley Railway Companies promoted Bills for Leasing this Railway in
the Session of 1861. The Great Western Bill also proposed for the
extension of their existing Line ending at Lightmoor, from Lightmoor
to Coalbrookdale. The West Midland and Severn Valley (joint) bill in
addition to its provisions for leasing the Wellington line to Lightmoor
provided for the construction of a Railway from the Ironbridge
Station on the Severn Valley Railway over the river Severn through
Coalbrookdale to the Lightmoor Station of the Wellington line at
Lightmoor. There were in fact three Bills before Parliament for
constructing Railways from Lightmoor to Coalbrookdale, two crossing
the river Severn, one joining the Severn Valley Railway at Ironbridge,
and the other joining the Severn Valley and the Much Wenlock and
Severn Junction Railway at New Barn. The Much Wenlock & Severn
Junction Railway was authorized in 1859 by 22nd. and 23rd. Vict.
entitled “An Act for making a Railway from Much Wenlock, in the
County of Salop to communicate with the Severn Valley Railway and
the River Severn in the same County.”
These railways conferred great advantages upon the town of
Ironbridge both as a means of sending and receiving goods, and
also as enabling tradesmen to economise time in attending markets
or fairs, and in bringing men of business into the neighbourhood.
They also bring numerous visitors in summer time, who are attracted
by the scenery in the neighbourhood. It may indeed be taken as a
fact, as we have said before, that there are nooks and corners just
outside and along the Severn Valley now better known to strangers
than to the inhabitants; and which natives themselves have never
seen. With eyes to watch the till and see their way along the beaten
track of business, men not unfrequently lose sight of intellectual
pleasures within their reach; in their hurry to secure gain they forget
items that might serve much to swell the sum of human happiness
at which they aim. Like Wordsworth’s clay, cold, potter; to whom

A primrose by a river’s brim,

A yellow primrose was to him,
And it was nothing more,—

so, insensible to the life that is within them and the glories which
surround them, they feel not that flow of which Milton speaks, that—

Vernal joy, able to drive

All sadness but despair!

Coleridge too has said,

In Nature there is nothing melancholy.

And some one else, speaking lovingly of the Author of Nature, has
written:

“Not content with every kind of food to nourish man,

Thou makest all Nature beauty to his eye
And music to his ear.”
There are no bolts, bars, or boundary walls, and there need be

“No calling left, no duty broke,”

in making ourselves more acquainted than we are, by holiday

rambles and dignifying investigations, with wonders which constantly
surround us.

Few more interesting spots could be chosen than Ironbridge, with its
woods, and cliffs, and river, which from tourists, and all lovers of the
beautiful, never fail at once to secure attention and admiration. You
may travel far and not meet a page so interesting in nature’s
history. Many are the occasional visits—many are the stated
pilgrimages, made from distances—by devotees of science, desirous
of here reading the “testimony of the rocks.” To such, this natural
rent in the earth’s crust; this rocky cleft, the severed sides of which,
like simple sections of a puzzle, afford the clue to its original outline
and primæval features, and prove full of interest. Like some
excavated ruin, flooring above flooring, there are platforms and
stages where in rearing the old world’s structure the workers rested.
Coins of that far off period are plentiful where human habitations
now stand, terrace above terrace. Other than these, the little town
has no antiquities older than its bridge; other than the hunting lodge
and half-timber-houses previously mentioned; there are no castle
keeps, cathedral aisles, or moss-crowned ruins; no suggestive
monuments of the past save those already noticed and such as
nature furnishes. ’Tis rich in these; these it has mature and
undecayed: and in such mute eloquence as no work of man can
boast. Massive and motionless there are around the most
interesting and instructive specimens of the world’s architecture.
Not a winding path threads the hill side but conducts to some such
memorial, but opens some page written within and without. Take
the favourite summer’s walk of the inhabitants, that leading to the
Rotunda, on the crest of the hill; and you stand upon the mute relics
of a former world! Beneath is the upturned bed of a former sea,
and around is the storied mausoleum where hundreds of the world’s
lost species lie entombed. Few places boast a more suggestive or
more romantic scene. Lower still, just at

“The swelling instep of the hill,”

winds the silvery thread woven by the Severn through the valley,
interlacing meads, woods, upland swells, and round-topped grassy
knolls. Amid pasture land sloping to the water’s edge and relieved
by grazing cattle, rise the ivy-topped ruins of Buildwas Abbey;
beyond is a pleasing interchange of land and water, the whole
bounded by hills scarcely distinguishable from the azure sky.
Mingled sounds of birds and men and running water strike strangely
on the ear; and often in the calm twilight fogs move slowly on the
river. How these rocks and caverns echo and reverberate during a
thunder-peal, when loud and long-continued. The inhabitants tell,
too, of curious acoustic effects produced along the valley; how in
under tones from one side the river to a point of equal elevation on
the other neighbours may whisper to each other, the atmosphere
acting as a sounding-board for the voice. This is so in a rent in the
rocks above the Bower-yard, known to natives as the Bower Yord.

“Up the bower, and through the Edge,

That’s the way to Buildwas bridge,”
is a local ditty with no other merit than antiquity; but it has served
as a lullaby to generations cradled long ere the bridge below was
reared. Over-looking the Bower is Bath-wood—minus now the bath.
Tych’s-nest comes next, where the kite formerly squealed, and had
its eyrie; and still later—as the oldest inhabitant is ready to testify—
where badgers were caught, and made sport of at Ironbridge Wake.
Ironbridge abounds in pleasant walks and sunny spots; and right
pleasant ’tis to view from some eminence on the opposite bank—
Lady-wood or Benthall-edge, the prospect spread out before you.
Clustering cottages are seen to perch themselves on ridges, or to
nestle pleasantly in shady nooks half hid by rocks and knolls and
trees; while bits of nature’s carpet, garden plots and orchards, add
interest to the scene. On points commanding panoramic sweeps of
country, of winding dales and wooded hills, have sprung up villa-
looking residences and verandahed cottages that tell of competence,
retirement, and those calm sweet joys that fringe the eventide of
prosperous life. There are no formal streets or rigid red brick lines
to offend the eye: but that pleasing irregularity an artist would
desire. Looking east or west, fronting or turning their backs upon
each other, many gabled, tall chimneyed, just as their owners
pleased; there is a freedom and rusticity of style that gratifies the
sight and harmonises well with the winding roads that meets the
poet’s fancy and goes beyond the limner’s skill. To mention severally
these suburban hill or tree-embosomed retreats would be sufficient
by the name itself to indicate the faithful picture we have drawn.
From the Severn to the summit, the hill is dotted over with villas,
Gothic and fanciful, fronted by grottoed gardens, flanked by
castellated walls and orchards, with ornamental hedge-rows and
shady sycamores; whilst in mid-air, lower down, like a gossamer on
a November morn, appears the iron net-work of the bridge. We
have written so much and so often of these scenes that we are
tempted here to hand in copy to the printer of what we have
previously said on the subject.
However beautiful these rocks and hills are by day, the view of
Ironbridge assumes a character equally sublime when the glare of
the sun is gone, when the hills cast their shadows deep and the river
gathering the few rays left of the straggling light gives them back in
feeble pencils to the eye. At sunset when the hills are bathed in
purple light, and the god of day before his final exit between Lincoln
Hill and Benthall-edge a second time appears; by moonlight, when
rosy tints have given way to hues of misty grey, when familiar
objects grow grotesque and queer, and minor features melt away
amid the deep calm quiet that reigns below, serial pictures of quaint
perspective and inspiring beauty present themselves. To the
stranger entering the valley at night for the first time the scene is
novel and impressive. Silence,

Faithful attendant on the ebon throne,

sways her sceptre over dim outlines which imagination shapes at

will, and the river, toned down to the duskiest hue, whispers
mournfully to each smooth pebble as it passes.

ST. LUKE’S CHURCH.

The church occupies a picturesque situation on the side of the hill,
opposite to the bridge, from which it is approached by a long flight
of steps on one side, and a circuitous path winding round the hill on
the other. It was built in 1836, and like the bridge, is of a material
with which the district abounds. It would however have been
equally in character with the place, and more pleasing to the eye,
had it been built of stone. It has a tower, a nave, a chancel, and
side aisles, and a richly stained glass window, with full length figures
of St. Peter, St. James, and St. John. The endowment has been
augmented very much of late years through the munificence of the
Madeley Wood Company, who subscribed £1,000, and the liberality
of the late Rev. John Bartlett, and others. Also by the purchase of
the unredeemed rectorial tithes. The sum of upwards of £1,000 was
raised too for better school accommodation for the place.
Ironbridge is one of the polling districts for municipal and
parliamentary purposes; and has about 450 electors for the borough
franchise. The Mayor and Borough Magistrates hold here alternately
with Broseley and Wenlock Petty Sessions, every six weeks. Its
central position gives it advantages which outside towns cannot lay
claim to; both in point of trade, and as the seat of various local
institutions.
It is the head quarters of the Sixth Shropshire Rifle Corps, of which
John A. Anstice, Esq., is Captain, and R. E. Anstice, Esq., Lieutenant,
and Searj. Johnson drill instructor.
The corps was first formed on the 20th of February, 1860, when the
first batch of recruits (fifty in number) were sworn in, in the Guildhall
at Wenlock, by Mr. Nicholas, of Broseley, (then Mayor for the
borough), Captain Lowndes, Lieutenant Blakeway, and Ensign W. R.
Anstice were amongst that number. Only three of the old hands
now remain in the corps, Cr. Sergeant W. Y. Owen, Sergeant W.
Roberts, and Sergeant Walton. Up to the present time 453 men
have passed through the ranks: the last recruit that joined in 1879
being No. 453.
The company stands well in the battalion as a shooting company,
having won the county challenge cup twice, viz: in 1876 and 1878.
Cr. Sergeant Owen has also twice placed himself in the first sixty at
Wimbleton, and consequently has two Queen’s Badges, as well as
the St. George’s Cross. He has also been the winner of the Martin’s
Challenge Cup. The company are in possession of four of Major
Owen’s Memorial Cups out of nine that have been shot for at
Berwick since 1870.
William Reynolds Anstice, Esq., uncle of the present captain, on the
retirement of W. L. Lowndes, Esq., commanded the corps, and his
name is still revered among the men.
The Shropshire Banking Company, which was formed by the union of
the Coalbrookdale, Wellington, and Newport Banks, for many years
had an office here in the Market Square. The Dale Bank was in the
hands of the Coalbrookdale Company. The Wellington Bank stood in
the names of Reynolds, Charlton, and Shakeshaft, the former being
Joseph Reynolds, late of Bristol, who received his interest in it from
his father, Richard Reynolds; and Mr. Eyton, grandfather of the
present T. C. Eyton, Esq., was at one time, we believe, another
partner.
The Shropshire Company, which embraced a large number of
shareholders, underwent great strain in consequence of
delinquencies to the extent of £120,000 by the manager, Mr. Allen,
of Shifnal. The noble act of Henry Dickinson, one of the directors at
the time, who felt it his duty personally to stave off the ruin, which
threatened so many, has already been recorded under the head of
Coalbrookdale; he first lent and then gave £100,000. The appalling
discovery of these frauds practised by the absconding manager
spread the utmost alarm through the parish, and the county
generally, and gave hundreds of widows, old maiden ladies, and
others, reason to fear that the investments on which they depended
were irretrievably gone. The generous act of Henry Dickinson
however—who like the heroic Roman of old threw himself into the
gap—restored confidence; the bank rallied, soon regained its
position, and continued in existence till the shares and business
were purchased by Lloyd’s Banking Company, Limited, in 1874. This
enterprising and wealthy company purchased the two houses
belonging to Mr. William Hartshorne, chemist and druggist, who for
many years carried on business in one, and Mrs. Aston in the other,
and erected the present commodious building, where they do a large
business, half-yearly paying a handsome dividend to shareholders.
The subscribed capital of the company is £2,750,000; in 55,000
shares of £50 each. Capital paid up (55,000 shares, £8 paid)
£440,000. It has thirty-one other branches, and twelve sub-
branches and agencies.
Of that valued institution the Dispensary we have spoken ante p.p.
240–1. The 51st annual meeting has since been held; at which
meeting

“the committee desired to place on record their

acknowledgments of the considerate feeling which prompted
the late Edward Edwards, Esq., of Coalbrookdale, to bequeath
the sum of £50 for the general purposes of the institution,
which sum, less legacy duty of £5, has been invested in the
purchase of £42 Midland Railway 4 per cent. debentures stock,
in addition to the sum of £880 of the game stock already
standing in the names of the Rev. W. H. Wayne, W. Nicholas, W.
G. Norris, and B. B. Potts, Esqrs., on behalf of the society. It
was also stated that from the opening of the Dispensary the
number of cases has been 57,105. In the last year the number
was 1,019, of which 843 had been cured, 78 relieved, 32
renewed, 2 sent to the Salop Infirmary, and 38 remained under
treatment.”

The Temperance Society and Good Templars have branches here and
in other parts of the parish. Members of the former can date back
their conversion to its principles from the commencement of the
movement, forty or more years ago. We have mentioned the
“British Workman” at Coalbrookdale; there is one also at Madeley
Wood. And besides the regular religious services at the various
places of worship, and means of instruction carried on through the
established schools, others might be mentioned, on Sundays and
week-days, the active promoters of which are Mr. D. White, Mr. A.
Maw, Mr. W. R. Bradshaw, Mr. G. Baugh, &c., &c.
Ironbridge too is the head quarters of the Ironbridge and
Coalbrookdale Building and Land Society, which has since its
establishment been uniformly progressive, and led very many to
become not only investors but owners of the houses they live in.
We may here give details of other means of promoting providence
and thrift, such as Benefit Societies and Sick Clubs, which are
numerous in the parish, and place on record the amounts raised in
ways so creditable to the industrial portion of the population, and
which added to those raised annually for various religious and other
purposes reaches a very large amount indeed.
Let us take first the Coalbrookdale and Madeley Temperance Benefit
Society.—This Society was founded during the infancy of the
Temperance movement, before total abstinence societies were
established. Spirits were forbidden to members, and beer was only
to be taken in moderation, rules which have not been strictly
adhered to. The members at one time fell away, but they have since
increased, and the annual statement just issued for 1879 shews
them to be 123 in number. The amount received in monthly
contributions for the year ending midsummer was £115 13s. 3d.
From interest of money invested £61 5s. 4d., which with the balance
of the previous year £1239 10s. 4d. made £1416 8s. 11d.
Shropshire Provident Society.—Number of members 74; contributions
£92 18s. 11½d.; Secretary Mr. Walter Sharpe; Surgeons M. Webb,
Esq., and H. Stubbs, Esq.; endowment £10. Annual subscribers to
the General Fund:

£ s. d.
W. R. Anstice, Esq., Ironbridge 11 0
John Arthur Anstice, Esq., Madeley 11 0
George Anstice, Esq., Madeley 11 0
Richard Edmund Anstice, Esq., Madeley 1 1 0
Charles Pugh, Esq., 10 0

Meets in one of the rooms of the Anstice Memorial Institute.

Loyal Royal Oak Lodge, No. 3665, of the Independent Order of
Oddfellows, Manchester Unity, Friendly Society.—The place of
business is the Royal Oak Inn. Number of members 159. Annual
subscriptions £137 16s. 0d. Nett worth of the society £1267 1s.
9½d. Secretary Mr. Joseph Haynes; Treasurer Mr. Henry Ray.
Rose of the Vale Lodge.—This lodge is held at the Tontine Hotel,
Ironbridge, and numbers 175 members, who pay into the funds on
an average £360 per annum. They have standing to their credit the
sum of £781 12s. 7d. Of this sum £400 has been lent on mortgage;
£220 has been invested in the Building Society, and the remainder is
in Lloyd’s Bank and the treasurer’s hands. Secretary Mr. E. Good;
Treasurer Mr. William Skelton.
The Free Masons also meet at the Tontine; but as this does not
strictly come under the head either of a sick or benefit society it
does not come within the above category.
Ancient Order of Foresters, Pride of the District, No. 4345.—This
lodge was founded in 1864, and meets in one of the rooms in the
Anstice Memorial Institute on alternate Saturdays. Secretary Mr. T.
Beddow, Bridge Street; Treasurer Mr. J. W. Fletcher. Number of
members 265; average age 31; amount of funds £872. Annual
Subscriptions £341 5s.
Ironbridge, Royal George, meets at the Robin Hood Inn, Madeley
Wood, fortnightly. F. Johnson, Secretary; J. Page, Treasurer. It has
114 members of the average age of 34; and £444 in the court fund.
Annual Subscriptions £143 2s.
Honourable Order of Modern Masons.—Meets at the Barley Mow Inn,
Court Street, Madeley. Number of members 75; contributions per
month 2s.; funeral levy per quarter 9d.; sick pay per week 8s.;
member’s death £10; member’s wife £5; amount of sick funds £40
3s. 2d. William Instone, secretary.
In addition to these societies there is the United Brothers, but we did
not obtain particulars. Also others in connection with the
Coalbrookdale and Madeley Wood works. The object of the former
society, as stated in the rules, is to secure to its members weekly
allowance and medical aid in sickness, and an allowance at the
decease of a member or member’s wife. The cashier of the
company is treasurer, and Mr. John Hewitt is secretary. Each man
and boy employed in the Company’s works at Coalbrookdale, is
required to be a member of this society, and to pay his contribution
through the work’s office. Every member above the age of eighteen
pays one shilling per month; under the age of eighteen, sixpence per
month; and any workman entering this society at the age of forty-
five years, or upwards, one shilling and sixpence per month. Every
workman is considered a member until he has a regular discharge
from the Coalbrookdale Company or their agent, provided that he
continues paying his contribution and resides in the neighbourhood.
The number employed are from 700 to 800; and the income of the
society is from £32 to £33 per month. About 440 of the members
pay 9d. per quarter to the surgeon, Mr. James Proctor. One of the
rules is that should the funds of the society at any time attain £200,
the money shall be divided; such divisions of money took place at
Christmas 1868, 1870, and 1872; since which dates the society has
not been so fortunate in its surplus.
There is a similar society in connection with the Madeley Wood
Company’s Works, from which we get no particulars, but the annual
subscriptions to which may probably be put at about the same as
those at Coalbrookdale.
There is also a similar institution in connection with the Madeley
Court Works, with about 350 members, who pay annually £113 15s.
Adding all these together we find that, without taking the United
Brothers and a sick society at Coalport called the Pitcher into
account, there are 2985 members of clubs, subscribing a total of
£2380 1s. 10d. annually, and possessing a capital of £4721 6s. 5d.!!
These facts may be considered as a reply in a great measure to the
charge sometimes made against the working classes of an utter
want of thrift and forethought, and suggest the question whether
men making so much provision for the future for themselves and
families ought not to be excused to some extent the payment of
poor rates.

THE SANITARY STATE OF THE PARISH.

The sanitary state of Madeley and Ironbridge is far from what it
ought to be. There is not only a sad deficiency of water, but much
that is used is impure. Severn water is carried and sold at Madeley
Wood and Lincoln Hill at 1d., 1½., and sometimes 2d. per pail, or
6d. for a small barrel. Again, any one who knows the turbid tale of
Severn-water after rain, or is acquainted with the amount of sewage
thrown into the river, will question the quality of such water for
drinking purposes. Just above one of the lading places a sewer
comes down near the back of the Police Office and empties its black
sludge into the river. Some use filters; but high authorities on the
subject assert that although mechanical impurities may be got rid of
those which are chemical or organic remain.
Let persons who undervalue an abundant supply of good water ask
their wives or some medical man as to its importance; or let them
beg it or buy it, and fetch it from long distances, often waiting their
turns at the well, or count the cost which impure water entails. Let
them look at the sickness, the pain and distress of parents watching
day by day the fevered or pallid cheeks and withered forms of their
household treasures. Perhaps the mother herself is struck down, or
the bread-winner of the family; and in case death ensues, added to
the crushing force of the blow, there are doctor’s bills, and excessive
funeral expenses, which lie as a dead-weight from which the family
scarcely ever recovers!

“When,” as the Times newspaper put it some time ago, “it is

considered that water constitutes nearly three-fourths of
the entire weight of the animal body, that it is the basis of
all beverages, and the solvent by means of which all food is
assimilated and all secretion is performed, the importance of
obtaining it in a state of purity would seem to require no further
 demonstration. Unfortunately, however, although the facts have
for a long time been universally admitted, the practical
conclusions to which they would lead have comparatively
seldom been acted upon. Not only do we obtain the greater
part of our supply of water from that which has already washed
the earth, but we have permitted water flowing in its natural
channels to be everywhere utilised as a carrier of the worst
descriptions of filth.”

All in fact must see on a little reflection that however excusable

certain things might have been at one time they are no longer so
under the light thrown upon them by deep and long-continued
investigations by scientific men who have devoted much study to the
subject. All must know that no proper supervision has up to the
present been taken, and nothing like proper compulsion has been
applied to the removal of glaring evils.
Let those who are apathetic on this subject ponder the following,
taken from a paper read a short time since before the Society of Arts
by J. J. Pope, Professor of Hygiene to the Birkbeck Institution. The
author said:—

“it is a startling fact that one-fourth of the children born

into this world to endure for threescore years and ten,
die before they attain the age of five years. This is a sad
truth, and the more lamentable when we know that these
deaths mostly arise from causes that are quite preventible.”

The same author said, and said truly, that:

“Very few people, indeed, consider the subject of their

own health, until warned by a present attack of
sickness, through failing to acknowledge the true worth of
science and medicine, which is far more preventive than
remedial. Can it be doubted that it is better and wiser to
abolish the cause of disease, to prevent its appearance, than
to wait for its attack and cure the result?”
As regards houses: some have been built without reference either to
light, air, or dryness. Some have been made out of cattle-sheds,
cabins, and stables, and are far worse than prison cells or
workhouse wards. These damp dark dungeons lower the
temperature of the body, decrease the strength, generate disease,
cause rheumatism, and predispose to other evils, not the least of
which is consumption. We have it on the authority of the highest
medical men that with proper sanitary objects attained a reduction
of nearly half the present premature disability from sickness, and
mortality due to conditions about their dwellings may be obtained.
Let the people ponder these things; let them balance such heavy
items against the trivial cost a better sanitary state of things would
entail.
Whatever such cost might be it is for them to consider what they
would save by the removal of causes of disease, and the
concomitant advantages arising from improved health and prolonged
life. Again, it is only fair for them to consider the amount they pay
and the precautions they take to mitigate the evils of sickness.
And the question naturally arises whether whilst providing so
liberally for sickness, it is not worth while paying a slight rate for the
enforcement of such sanitary regulations as may prevent sickness—
especially if the statement made on the highest medical authority, to
the effect that a reduction of nearly half the present sickness and
premature mortality might be prevented, be correct.

THE STEAM ENGINE IN ITS INFANCY.

It will be seen from what has already been written how much this
parish has been associated with various improvements and matters
connected with the early history of the steam engine, and although
the subject might not be of universal interest, we might mention
here a correspondence between the Commissioners of Patents and
W. R. Anstice, Esq., senior partner of the Madeley Wood Company.
On the 24th of May, 1879, an article appeared in the Times under
the head of

PATENT MUSEUM,
Stating that a very interesting old engine, the last of its kind which
remained at work, had been removed from and re-erected in this
museum, having been presented for that purpose to the
Commissioners of Patents; and giving the following description
issued by the curator, Colonel Stuart Wortley.—

“Heslop’s Winding and Pumping Engine. Letters Patent, A.D.

1790, No. 1760.—This engine was erected at Kell’s Pit, for
raising coals, about the year 1795, afterwards removed to
Castlerigg Pit, in 1847, to Wreah Pit, all near Whitehaven. At
the latter place it continued to raise coals, also to work a pump,
by means of a cast-iron beam placed above the main beam,
until the summer of 1878, when it was removed here.
Presented to the Commissioner of Patents by the Earl of
Lonsdale, through Mr. H. A. Fletcher, M. Inst. C.E. Transmitted
from Whitehaven to the Patent Museum by the London and
North-Western Railway Company, at half rate. It will seem that
this engine has two open-topped cylinders, one on each side of
the main centre beam, and both single acting. The cylinders
are respectively the ‘hot cylinder’ and the ‘cold cylinder.’ The
steam, on being admitted into the first, or ‘hot’ cylinder, raises
the piston by its pressure underneath; the return stroke is then
made by the weight of the connecting rod and by the
momentum given to the fly-wheel. The eduction valve being
now open, the steam passes from this cylinder to the second or
‘cold’ cylinder by means of the connecting pipe, which, being
constantly immersed in cold water, produces sufficient
condensation to ‘kill’ or reduce it to atmospheric pressure as it
enters and fills the cold cylinder. The cold piston having arrived
at the top of its stroke, and its cylinder being thus filled with
 steam and the injection valve being now open, a jet of water is
admitted, thus bringing a vacuum into play. By this
arrangement of two cylinders Heslop obtained advantages
closely approaching those of the separate condenser, and
effected a signal superiority over the atmospheric engine of
Newcomen, even as it then existed with all the structural
improvements introduced by Smeaton, who was compelled to
admit that, in its best state, 60 per cent, of steam was wasted
by alternate heating and cooling of the cylinder. No other
engine of this type now remains in existence, and it is therefore
appropriate that this one, the last worked, should be preserved.”

On seeing the above W. E. Anstice, Esq., at once wrote to say they

had three of the same engines now at work, and which had been at
work for the past eighty years in the Madeley Wood Co.’s Field; that
they still had five, and had had eight. This led to an interesting
correspondence in the course of which Mr. Anstice sent up an
original drawing, which proved to be one of an earlier engine even
than the one they had, and the one for which the original
specification was taken out.
The fact is that about Heslop’s time, and whilst Smeaton was at
work effecting improvements in Newcomen’s engines, and whilst
Watt, with the experience of those who went before him, was to
some extent endeavouring to strike out a course for himself and
preparing to eclipse the productions of his predecessors, there were
a number of minor geniuses engaged in carrying into effect their
own or others suggestions: men whose names are little known in
consequence of having been thrust aside by greater or more
favoured inventors than themselves. Heslop, Murdock, and
Cartwright appear have been among these; also Avery and Sadler,
and other local schemers and inventors like the Glazebrooks, the
Williamses, and Hornblowers. During the latter half of the last
century the inventive faculty, stimulated by what had already been
achieved, appears to have been in great activity. The iron-making
and mining interests were undergoing great expansion, and men like
the Darbys, the Reynoldses, Wilkinsons, Guests, and others, were
just then prepared to avail themselves of means which would enable
them to clear out the water from their mines, that they might bring
up minerals from a greater depth, or add to the force of the blast in
their smelting operations; and several of these in return rendered
Watt and others great services. Wilkinson gave the order for the
first engine Watt made at Soho to blow his furnaces at Broseley,
where it was erected and ready for use early in 1776. Watt’s first
rotary engine was made for Mr. Reynolds, of Ketley, in 1782, to drive
a corn mill. The “Philosophical Transactions,” and Urban’s Magazine
seem to have been mediums of correspondence, and the means of
communicating so much of the discoveries and inventions of the
authors as they deemed fit to the public. We have thirty or more
volumes of extracts from original communications in these,
commencing about 1736, which Mr. William Reynolds had written
out, most of them beautiful, and many remarkable specimens of that
ornate style of calligraphy so much cultivated at that time.
Also a large folio volume of original drawings and designs, admirably
executed. Some by Hornblower, Glazebrook, Sadler, Reynolds,
Wilkinson, Banks, Anstice, Chinn, Price, Rogerson, Emerson, Telford,
and others. The Hornblowers appear to have trodden closely upon
the heels of Watt at one time, and so closely that Watt wrote to
Boulton saying, “If they have really found a prize it will ruin us.” We
add a list of these drawings, with dates attached.
No. 1 is a small steam engine made by James Sadler which was at
work on the hill at the Dale in 1792.
No. 2 Drawing shews Sadler’s plan of rotary motion, with crank for
winding engine, dated, 1793.
No. 3 S. Venables’ drawing of Sadler’s engine as it stood when T.
Griffiths was putting it up at the Bank 1793.
No. 4 Is a plan of Sadler’s engine sent by Dr. Beddows, May, 1793.
No. 5 Are Drawings of an engine from J. Sadler’s, but which was
never completed, 1794.
No. 6 Drawings and description of Thos. Savory’s Engine for raising
water by the help of fire, June 14th, 1799; the description states
that the inventor entertained the Royal Society by shewing a small
model which he made to work before them.
No. 7 Is a plan of Watt’s steam wheel in all parts, but no date.
No. 8 Plan of a substitute for ropes, being an iron chain of novel
construction to be used for coal mines, by Bingley, 1795.
No. 9 Glazebrook’s scheme to effect a perpendicular motion, 1794.
No. 10 Plan of Adam Hislop’s engine to work without a beam, scale 1
in. to ft. Drawn by S. Venables.
No. 11 Side view.
No. 12 Ground plan of an engine without a beam erected at
Wombridge, Dec. 5, 1794.
No. 13 General section of an engine for winding coal. Scale about ½
in. to ft. July 23, 1793.
No. 14 Outside front view of Horsehay forge engine Feb 21, 1793.
Scale one third in. to ft.
No. 15 Section of Hollins Wood Blast Engine. Scale ¼ in. to the ft.
William Minor No. 84 Sept. 12, 1793.
No. 16 General section for winding engine, 1 in. to ft. no date.
No. 17 Samuel Venables, Sept 1, 1793, No. 6 differs in construction
from the former ones, two cylinders.
No. 18 William Reynolds’ idea of the application of Sadler’s engine to
a rotable motion, the lower cylinder communicating with the boiler;
this method is applicable to rowing boats with circular oars, 1795,
drawn by Venables.
No. 18 Drawing of blast engine of the same period but no date or
description.
No. 18 Ditto, winding engine.
No. 19 One Richard Banks 1796.
No. 20 Drawing of old incline engine.
No. 21 Elaborate drawing of an engine for winding coals, sun and
moon motion, 30 strokes per minute, proper speed.
Nos. 22–34 Thirteen other engines.
No. 35 Sketch of Hornblowers’ air pump.
No. 36 Plan of Jinney for conveying wheeled corves down descents.
No. 38 Calculation of Mr. Anstices’ rotative engine by D. Rose March
17, 1799.
No. 39 Brick machines April, 1794.
No. 40 Sketch of a river Mill by W. R. improved by—
No. 41 A new method of boring as used by T. Price at the Brownhill
Colliery.
No. 42 Original letter by R. Reynolds describing Blakey’s fire engine
for raising water for furnaces at Horsehay and Ketley, and one of
which had been erected at the Dale, with Sketch. Letter dated Dale
6, 1st month, 1767.
No. 43 Prospective view of Donnington Wood incline plane and
engine by William Minor Sept. 12 1793
No. 44 Engine with crank, Richard Speed, June 4, 1796.
No. 45 Plan for an Aqueduct over a river, Thomas Telford, March,
1794, with span of 100 feet.
No. 46 Copy for Fire engine from Emerson’s Engine for raising water.
No. 47 J. Wilkinson’s Idea of Chimney Boiler given by him to W. R.
November, 1799.
No. 48 Drawings of an engine under James Glazebrooks’ patent Feb.
24th, 1799. beautifully drawn and coloured.
No. 49 Outside front view of Horsehay large Engine Feb. 21, 1793.
No. 50 Principal arch, 100 ft. for an iron bridge for level crossing (no
date).
No. 51 Plans and Drawings of ribs &c., for an Aqueduct, by Thomas
Telford. With William Reynolds’ name signed to it.
And a number of others.

Clay Industries.—We have in earlier pages of this work spoken of

some of these. There are still the White Brick-works of the Madeley
Wood Company, near Ironbridge; the red brick-works of the same
company at Blissers Hill; the clay works of W. O. Foster, Esq., at the
Court; and those of Messrs. George Legge & Son at Madeley Wood
and the Woodlands; works which from the excellence of their varied
productions, no less than from the number of persons employed, are
of considerable importance to the district.

CAPTAIN WEBB.
We have in the course of these pages given prominence to the
names of men who have in different ways merited distinction, and
whose deeds are deserving of record in a local history of this kind;
and we cannot omit a passing recognition of the unparalleled feats
of this distinguished Salopian, whose early life is so closely
associated with this parish. We had prepared copious extracts from
our “Life of Captain Webb,” in which is detailed his extraordinary
performances, but can only give here a brief summary.
Before he was seven years old he had learnt to swim in the Severn;
and in his case the adage that “the boy is father to the man” held
good, for when a boy he and his elder brother succeeded in saving
from a watery grave another brother, whose strength, in attempting
to cross the Severn, failed him, so that he had already sunk beneath
the surface when he was rescued. As shewing his pluck and daring
it may be mentioned that going along the Severn banks to Buildwas,
where boys usually go to bathe, he took off his shoes and walked
along the top of the bridge, with his hands in his pockets, his third
brother standing by not daring to look up lest he should fall and be
killed; but the chief actor stood calm and unmoved when they
afterwards met.
His second life-saving feat was performed on the Mersey, when he
succeeded in rescuing a comrade who had fallen overboard into the
river. The services he rendered to the owners of the Silver Craig in
the Suez Canal; but much more his performance on board the Russia
in his daring attempt to save a seaman who fell overboard, shewed
him to possess qualities of the highest order as a man. He swam
the English Channel, Tuesday, August 24th, 1875, at the age of 27.
Being weighed and measured it was found that his height was five
feet eight inches; his weight when stripped, before starting, 14 st. 8
lbs.; and his girth round the chest 40½ in.
Webb’s subsequent feat in distancing all competitors in his six days
swim adds another laurel to his crown as the champion swimmer of
the world!

Hotels, Inns, Public Houses, and Beershops, in the

Parish—their Signs, &c.
Signboards are scarcely so significant or important now as formerly:
yet an interest attaches to them still, and there is some pleasure in
pondering over their designs, as significant of olden times and
manners—the old ones especially. One easily imagines too the jovial
tenants of taverns in former years, the noisy chafferings, the political
discussions carried on by those who sought recreation and
enjoyment in them.
The Three Horse Shoes is the oldest Sign in Madeley; it swings over
the door of one of the oldest houses in Madeley, the walls being of
rubble, mud, and plaster: and the Sign itself, no doubt, is one of the
oldest in the kingdom. A horse shoe, when found and nailed over
the door was supposed to bring good luck—hence the single shoe,
which is uppermost. The Horse Shoes is kept by Mr. J. H. Robinson.
The Hammer, in Park Lane, kept by Mrs. Lloyd, is the next in point of
age. It was a trade emblem when the house was much more used
than at present by ironworkers, particularly by forgemen.
The Royal Oak was the first newly-licensed house for many years in
Madeley. The license for it was very adroitly obtained by Mr. Charles
Dyas. The Sign is a universal favourite, as emblematic of our old
ships and seamen. The house is kept by Mrs. Shingler.
The Heart of Oak, in Court Street, kept by Mr. Joseph Currier, is
another popular Sign, indicative of character, and illustrative of old
national songs.
The Barley Mow, in Court Street, is kept by Mr. Pitchford.
The Crown, Court Street, now void, is one of the oldest English signs.
All Nations, kept by Mrs. Baguley, is the only Sign of its name we
know of.
The Six Bells, kept by Mr. Ward, near the Church, is a Sign significant
of the number of bells in the Church tower.
The Royal Exchange, kept by Mr. Goodwin, is a modern house, with an
ancient Sign; whilst the Railway Inn, kept by Mr. Taylor, is modern in
both respects.
The Coopers’ Arms is now down, but another house has been built,
which has not yet been christened.
The Prince of Wales’s Feathers, Lower Madeley, kept by Mr. Daniel
Adams, as the name implies, is a royal badge.
The Miners’ Arms, kept by Mr. Kearsley, is so sufficiently significant, as
not to need comment. Also The Turners’ Arms, kept by Mr. John
Brown; and the Three Furnaces, kept by Mr. Biddulph.
The Tweedale is kept by Mr. G. Ray.
The Cuckoo-oak Inn, by Mr. H. Wilkes, takes its name from the place.
The Britannia, kept by Mr. E. Hopley, Aqueduct, and the Anchor, by
Mr. Evans, Court Street, are modern houses with ancient signs.
There are also the Commercial Inn, kept by Mrs. Heighway, and a
Beershop in Church Street, kept by Mr. Durnall.
Then there is the Chestnuts, formerly the Red Lion, which fakes it
name from the tree in front, and is kept by Mr. James Hancock.
The Park Inn, by Mr. Reynolds, and the New Inn kept by Mr. Jones,
Park Lane, with the Pheasant, kept by Mr. Francis, complete the list of
houses at Madeley, where, within our recollection, there were
formerly but two.
At Coalport we have the Shakespeare, kept by Mr. Beard, and the Jug,
we presume of Toby Philpot fame, of whom it is said,

His body, when long in the ground it had lain,

And time into clay had resolved it again,
A potter found out, in his covert so snug,
And with part of old Toby he made this brown jug.
There is also the Brewery Inn, kept by Mr. George Gough.
The Pit’s Head, formerly a noted house for old beer, kept by
Barnabas Spruce, has long since disappeared; also the Turk’s Head.
Then there is the Robin Hood, by Mr. J. Roe; the Block House, by Mr.
Dunbar, come next; and near to these is the Bird in Hand, the motto
of which (more truthful than grammatical) is—

A bird in the hand far better ’tis

Than two that in the bushes is.

The Lake Head, by G. Barrat, takes its name from a small reach of the
Severn.
In Madeley Wood we get the Unicorn, kept by Mr. Fiddler; The Old
House by Astbury, and the Golden Ball (formerly a silk mercer’s sign)
by Mr. T. Bailey.
The Horse and Jockey, by Mrs. Davies, and the Fox, by Mr. Curzon,
come next, to remind us of old English sports.
The George & Dragon also, by Mr. Granger, reminding us of still more
ancient times.
Hodge Bower, by Mr. Wilson, is a sign which lakes its name from the
place.
The White Horse, kept by Mrs. Edwards, at Lincoln Hill is a very old
Sign.
The Crown, the Queen’s Head (by Mr. Nevitt), the Oak by Ketley, the
Severn Brewery and the Tontine (erected by the Bridge Company),
and Three Tuns are all well-known Inns,
The Bath Tavern, the Setters’ Inn, the Roebuck, and Belle Vue, are
extinct.
The Wheat Sheaf by Aaron Lloyd, the White Hart, by Woolstein; the
Talbot, by Toddington; the Swan by Bailey; the Rodney, by Griffiths;
the Meadow and the Commercial Inn, Coalbrookdale, complete the list
of Houses of Refreshment for the parish.

THE BROOKE FAMILY.

From the time that Lord Chief Justice Brooke purchased the manor
of Madeley, the names of members of the Brooke family constantly
figure in the ecclesiastical and civil records of the parish of Madeley.
Until the year 1706 they continued to occupy the Elizabethan
mansion known as the Old Court House, now unhappily fallen into
decay, the habitable portions being converted into cottages, and the
chapel in which they once worshipped being, on the occasion of our
last visit, occupied by poultry, whose cackling takes the place of the
chant and psalm, which once rose to heaven from voices long ago
silenced by the grim king Death. In this, the most important house
of the parish, surrounded by a pleasant park, with moat, pleasure
grounds, and fish ponds, dwelt Ann Brooke with John her husband,
performing her duties as a wife and mother, as well as those social
duties pertaining to her station, with honour to herself and profit to
her family and neighbours. She died on the attainment of the
allotted three score years and ten, having been ten years a widow.
Etheldreda was the daughter-in-law of Mrs. Ann Brooke, being the
wife of Sir Basil Brooke, of whose knighthood we have no account.
She was a woman richly endowed with mental and moral qualities,
and had received an education far in advance of that acquired by
most women of her day, having been conversant with four
languages in addition to her mother tongue, as well as skilled in
music.
The dust of these ladies was laid with that of their husbands in the
Old Parish Church of Madeley, their tombs being adorned with their
effigies. On the erection of the present edifice, they were placed in
the niches they now occupy outside the church. We give below the
Latin inscriptions and the English translations, for which latter we are
Welcome to our website – the perfect destination for book lovers and
knowledge seekers. We believe that every book holds a new world,
offering opportunities for learning, discovery, and personal growth.
That’s why we are dedicated to bringing you a diverse collection of
books, ranging from classic literature and specialized publications to
self-development guides and children's books.

More than just a book-buying platform, we strive to be a bridge

connecting you with timeless cultural and intellectual values. With an
elegant, user-friendly interface and a smart search system, you can
quickly find the books that best suit your interests. Additionally,
our special promotions and home delivery services help you save time
and fully enjoy the joy of reading.

Join us on a journey of knowledge exploration, passion nurturing, and

personal growth every day!

testbankmall.com