Mole Concept 1.

Chapter 1 Mole Concept

INTEXT EXERCISE: 1
1. Chemical formula is a representation of the number N
7. a) No. of atoms = 14 # 58A = 0.24 N A
of atoms present in a molecule.
N
46 b) No. of atoms = 2 # 28A = 0.07 N A
2. Moles of Na = 23 = 2.
NA
1.4 1 c) No. of atoms = 108 = 0.009 N A
3. Moles of N 2 = 28 = 20
N
1 d) No. of atoms = 3 # 18A = 0.166 N A

\ No. of molecules of N 2 = 20 N A
8. M.W. = 12 # 60 + 122 amu
\ No. of atoms = 2 # b 20 N A l = 6.02 # 10 22
1
= 842 amu
54 = 842 × 1.67 × 10-24g
4. n Al = 27 = 2
9. Let masses be 2x, 5x
\ No. of Al atoms = 2NA
2x
\ No. of CO2 molecules = 44 # N A

\ No. of Mg atoms = 2NA
5x
\ n mg = 2 & m Mg = 48g No. of N2O molecules = 44 # N A
m H SO \ Ratio = 2 : 5
5. 0.25 = 98 2 4

10. m H O = VH O # t = 36g
m & H SO = 24.5g
2 4
2 2

36
VSTP (L) \ n H O = 18 = 2
2

6. n gas =
22.4 \ No. of H2O molecules = 2 NA
0.224 1 H2O molecule has (2+8) protons

\ n H = 22.4 = 0.01
2

\ No. of protons = 20 NA
INTEXT EXERCISE: 2
1. Empirical formula wt. = 30 \ x = 1 or 2 as MW = 100
n
M.W. 120 35.5 # x
` = Emp. wt. = 30 = 4 Also, MW # 100 = 71.

\ Mol. formula = (CH2O)4 = C4H8O1 \ x=2

\ At wt. of M = 100 - 71 = 29.
X Y
t gas1 MWgas1
2.
50 50
⇒ X 2Y 6. t gas2 = MW
50 = 5 5 0 = 2 .5 gas2
10 20
to3 48
5 =2
2 .5
2 .5 = 1
2 .5
\ to 2 = 32 = 1.5
7. Vol. of gold + vol. of quartz = total volume
C H y x+y
x
\ d +d = d
92.3 7.7
3. ⇒ CH
1 2
9 2 .3 = 7 .7 7 .7 = 7 .7 8. n N + n NO + n N O = 1
2 2 2 4
12 1
7 .7 = 1 7.7 = 1 Suppose x + y + z = 1
7 .7 7.7
Total mass
` Mean M.W. = 1 & m tot = 55.4g
I O Now, N 2 O 4 " 2NO 2 z " 2z
4. 2 5 .4 = 0 .2
127
8 = 0 .5
16 ⇒ I2O5 Now total moles = x + (y + 2z) + O
2 5 Total mass remains constant
55.4 55.4
` x + y + 2z = 39.6 & 39.6 = 1 + z
5. V.D. = 50 ⇒ M.W. = 100
Let formula be MClx \ z = 0.4 ⇒ Ans = a
1.2 Chemistry
9. Let no. of ion atoms in one molecule of Haemoglobin 10.
be x. 12% H2O → 50g silica 7g water 43g others
56x Wet Clay Dried Clay
` 89600 # 100 = 0.25
\ x = 4. Mass of silica and other substances does not change
on drying.
(50 + 43)
` wt. of wet clay # 100 = 88

\ wt. of wet clay = 105.6 g
50

\ % of silica = 105.6 # 100 = 47.3%
INTEXT EXERCISE: 3
56000 7. n NaCl = n AgNO = 0.01
1. nCaO =
56 = 1000
3

m ` NaCl = 0.01 # 58.5 = 0.585g

n
` CaCO needed = 1000 3

\ mCaCO needed = 105 g = 102 kg 3
8. Ag + HNO3 AgNO3
AgCl
1.12 1
2. n Na w = n CO = 22.4 = 20
2 3 2
NaCl
1
n AgCl = n AgNO = n Ag in coin
m
3

` Na CO = 20 # 106 = 5.3g
n
` Ag in coin = 0.1
2 3

3. 2H 2 + O 2 " 2H 2 O(,)
(g) (g)
m
` Ag in coin = 10.8 g
nH O
2 = nO & n H O = 2nO = 0.2
2
2 2 2
%
` purity = 50%
m ` H O = 3.6g & VH O(,) = 3.6 mL
2 2
9. CaCO3
9
CaO + CO 2
4. 2SO 2 + O 2 " 2SO3
(g) (g) (g)
nCaO = n CaCO 3

VSO VSO Since 90% pure sample & mCaCO = 9 kg

` 2 = 2 & VSO = VSO = 5L
2 3
3 2
3

9000
5. nSO = nSO
3 2
n` CaO = nCaCO = 100 = 90 3

mSO 2
` 80 = 64 & mSO = 2.5g 3 m` CaO = 90 # 56g = 5.04 kg
3

6. AgNO3 + NaCl " AgCl . + NaNO3 10. 4Fe + 3O 2 " 2Fe 2 O3

n Fe n Fe O
4 = 2
2 3
1.7
n AgCl = n AgNO = 170 = 0.01 3

m 16
` AgCl = 1.435g N Fe O = 160 = 0.1 & n Fe = 0.2
2 3

m ` Fe = 11.2g
INTEXT EXERCISE: 4
1.
nA nB 4. Zn + Fe + 2S " ZnFeS 2
1 = 5 and 2 = 4 n Zn n Fe nS
n n 1 = 2, 1 = 3, 2 = 2.5
\ B is the LR ⇒ 3D = 2B ⇒ nD = 12
n \ Zn is the L.R.
Also, nC = 2B ⇒ nC = 4
n
` ZnFeS = 2 2
n nQ
2. 2P = 4 and 1 = 5 5. 3BaCl 2 + 2Na3 PO 4 " Ba3 (PO 4) 2 + 6NaCl
n
P ` is the LR & N R = 2P = 4 n BaCl 0.5
3 = 3 and 2 = 0.1
2 n Na PO 3 4

3. 2X + 3Y → X2Y3 \ Na3PO4 is L.R.

Let, wt. of X = wt. of y = a n Na PO
n ` Ba (PO ) = [ 2 = 0.1
3 4
3 4

a a
n
` X = 36 and n Y = 24 6. n H = 4 and N O = 0.5
2 2

n a n a nH NO

` 2X = 72 and 3Y = 72 2 = 2 and 1 = 0.5
2 2

\ Neither is in excess and by conserving mass we \ O2 is the LR & n H used = 1 2

have mass of X2Y3 produced = a + a = 2a n

` H left = 3 & m H left = 6g
2 2
  Mole Concept 1.3
7. P4 + 3O 2 " P4 O6 9. TiCl 4 + 2Mg " 2MgCl 2 + Ti

1
n P taken = 4 ; n O taken = 1
4 2

n TiCl taken = 1088; n Mg = 4
4

3 1 TiCl
` 4 is the LR
n ` O used = 4 & n O left = 4
2 2

1 n
` Ti that can form = 1. 88
n ` P O produced = 4
mass Ti that can form = 90.24 g
4 6
`
Now, P4 O6 + 2O 2 " P4 O10 32
% ` yield = 90.24 # 100 = 35.4%
ini tmoles = 1 1
4 4 10. 2C + O2 " 2CO
Now,O
` 2 is L.R.

initial 1 0.75 -
n
` P O used = 1/8

final 0.25 1
4 6

-
n
` P O left = 1/8
2CO + O2 " 2CO2
4 6

and n P O produced = 1/8

initial 1 0.25
4 10

-
m
` P O = 27.5g, m P O = 35.5g

final 0.5 0.5
4 6 4 10

-
8. 4Fe + 3O 2 " 2Fe 2 O3

nCO = 0.5

n Fe taken = 0.01
nCO = 0.5
2
0.56

nO taken = 22.4 = 0.025
2

n tot = 1
Fe
` is the L.R.
Vtot = 22.4 L
1
n
` FeO = 2 n Fe = 0.005
3

m
` Fe O = 0.005 # 160 = 0.8g
2 3

INTEXT EXERCISE: 5
1. mmol of H 2 SO 4 = 100 # 0.001 = 0.1 8. Al 2 (SO 4) 3 + BaCl 2 " 3BaSO 4 . + 2AlCl3
mmol
` of H = 0.2 +
mmol of Al2(SO4)3 taken = 4
no.
` of H ions = 0.2 # 10 # N A + -3

\ mmol. of Al3+ in solution = 8
= 1.2 # 10 20 Final volume = 40 mL.
2. n glucose = 0.5, V = 0.5 L 8
\ [Al3+] final = 40 = 0.2 M
0.5
M ` = 0.5 = 1 9. H 2 SO 4 + 2NaOH " Na 2 SO 4 + H 2 O
1000 X 1000 # 0.2
3. m = (1 - X) 18 = 0.8 # 18 = 13.8
first H2SO4 shall neutralize the NaOH and only
excess acid remains in solution
4. mass of solution = 1500 × 1.052 = 1578 g
mmol of NaOH = 5
\ mass of solvent = 1578 - 18 = 1560
Let, Vol. of H2SO4 add = V mL
(18/60) (0.1
5
V - 2 ) = 0.05 (V + 50)
\ molality = 1.56 = 0.192 `
5. 0.2 mole H2SO4 = 19.6 g
\ 0.05 V = 5 ⇒ V = 100 mL

\ 19.6 g solute in 1000g solvent 10. CuCl2 + H2S → CuS + 2 HCl

\ mass of solution = 1019.6 g
\ nCus = nCuCl 2

250 x 0.6 + 750 x 0.2

\ mCuS = 0.1 x (MW)CuS
6. Mmix = 1000 = 0.3 M
= 0.1 x 95.5

\ 0.3 × 1000 = 0.25 (1000 + V)
= 9.55 g

\ V = 200 mL
2.65/106
7. initial M = 0.25 = 0.1
initial V = 10 mL
Final V = 1000 mL
0.1 # 10
\ final M = 1000 = 10 -3 M
1.4 Chemistry
EXERCISE - 1
1. Traditionally it was H1 and then O16. But modern 10. 18 gm = NA molecules
atomic weight scale is based on C12. 18
1 molecule = N g
1 A
2. As, it is defined on carbon scale and 12 of mass 18
or 1 molecule = N cm3
of C-12 isotope gives absolute value of relative A
18
masses. So, molecules = 3 # 10 -23 cm3
6 # 10 23
3. 1 mole means 6.023 x 1023 molecules of CH4 1
11. No. of moles = 22400
1 mole molecule contains 1 mole C and 4 moles H 1
= Thus, no. of molecules = 22400 # N A
i.e. 1 g-atoms of C and 4 g-atoms of H. 1
= 22400 # 6 # 10 23
4. 1 NH3 molecule contains 1N atom 3H atoms = 2.7 × 1019
4.25 given mass
moles of NH3 = 17 = molecular mass 12. Weight of a molecule of a compound C60H122 is
1 Molecular W.t./ Avogardro’s No
= 4 moles 842
g = weight of one molecule
Since, 1 molecule contains 4 atoms Therefore 6 # 10 23

1 = 1.4 x 10-21 g
4 mole molecules contain 1 mole atoms
5. NA molecules of water weighs 18 g 13. 1 molecule contains = 6 O atoms,
18 0.3 mole molecules contains = 6 × 0.3 O atoms
1 molecule weigh = g = 1.8 moles O atoms
6.023 # 1023
Roughly = 3 # 10 -23 g or 3 # 10 -26 kg 14. If they are in equi molecular proportion means their
moles are same.
given mass 4.2 0.6
6. No. of moles = atomic mass = 14 = 2 Now, 1 mole of mixture will weigh
No. of moles = 0.3 moles 10 # 0.5 + 30 # 0.5
1 = 23 g
1 nitride ion (N3-) contains 8 valance electrons volume at STP
No. of moles =
0.3 mole N3- ions contain = 8 × 0.3 × NA 22.4 (g)
= 2.4 NA 2.24
= 22.4 = 0.1 moles
given mass So, mass = number of moles × M.W. of mixture
7. No. of moles = molecular mass
= 23 × 0.1 = 2.3 g
given no of moleculer
= Avogadro's No 15. By applying law, equal no of molecules have equal
Let given mass = X gm no of volume at constant pressure and temperature.
X 10 Thus, As, volume is 1 L in both the case. Thus, no of
250 = 6 # 10 molecules in P and q are some
X c 4.159 g
16. 22.4 L at STP weight as much as M.W.
7
8. Mass of II = N g 5.6 L at STP weigh 7.5 g
A
3d 1
Then, I = N g 4 M.W= 7.5 Thus, M.W. = 30
A
Then, III = 32 # 10 -10 g 17. 1 mole contains Na atoms i.e. 6.023 × 1023 C atoms
Then III = 53.5 # 10 -10 g 18. a) 22.4 × 103 mL CO2 gas ⇒ 22.4 L CO2
So, correct order is II < I < III < IV
1 mole CO2 molecules = 6.023 × 1023 molecules
9. 1 CH4 molecule contains 6 e- from C and 1 e- from 22 1
H = Total 10e- b) 22 g of CO2 gas = 44 = 2 mole.
1 i.e. 3.011 × 1023 molecules
No of moles of CH4 = 16 moles
1 10 c) 11.2 L of CO2 gas = 3.011 × 1023 molecules
16 moles CH 4 $ 16 # N A d) 0.1 mole CO2 = 0.1 NA = 6 × 1022 molecules
5
= # 6 # 10 = 3.75 # 10
23 23
  Mole Concept 1.5
19. Mass of Au recovered = 19.7 kg = 19700g 29. Vapour density = 50
Atomic mass of Au = 197 Now, Vapour density x 2 = MW.

19700
\ Moles of Au recovered = 197 = 100 moles MW = 100

\ No. of Au atoms recovered = 100 NA = 6.02×1025 Now, if total mass 100. Then chlorine = 71 g
These rest mass of metal = 100 - 71 = 29
20. (b) is wrong as Molar mass is mass of 1 mole
30. Given ; x = E by equating moles
molecules in grams. y
40 NA
21. Here, 1 element of definite mass is combining with
2x x y
two different masses of another element to form two Now, 80 = 40 = N
A
different compounds. This it follows law of multiple
proportion. Thus, it also contains y atoms
22. H2S contains 5.88% hydrogen, H2O contains 11.11% 31. If molecular wt is 200
Then, wt of Ca= 40 g b 20 # 100 l
hydrogen while SO2 contains 50% sulphur. These 200
figures illustrates law of reciprocal propotion as,
three elements are given wt of Br = 160 g

23. Irrespective of source the compound has fixed b80 # 200 l = 160g
100
propotion of atom by mass. he law of constant 40 160
propotion. Thus, atomic mass (Ca) = atomic mass (Br)

24. They must have equal volume 40 160

40 : 80 = 1 : 2. So, CaBr2
25. Under same conditions of temperature and pressure
they have someone of molecules M.W. of gas
32. Now, VD wrt (CH4) = M.W. of CH
But atoms may be different in all cases
4

M.W. of gas
H2 = 2 He = 1 O2 = 2 O3 = 3 4= 16 = 64
So, ratio 2:1:2:3 64
V.D = M.W. of H = 2 = 32
64
2
26. Avagadro’s constant, m = mass of 1 molecule, v =
33. 194 # b 100 l = n # 14
28.9
no of molecules
N
Now, N = no of moles n = 4
A
34. M.W = 170
N = NA x n
Given mass
No of moles =
27. 3g of hydrocarbon on combustion in 11.2 g of M.W
oxygen to produce 8.8 g of CO2 and 5.4 g of H2O.
100 10
= 170 = 17 milimoles
This data illustrates-
Now, 1 ferrous furmrate contains 1 Fe atom
Here, mass of reactant 3 + 11.2 = 14.2 g
10
mass of products = 8.8 + 5.4 = 14.2 g So, no of moles of Fe atom2 17 milimoles
mass of reactant = mass of product 10
Now, Mass of Fe = 17 # 56 = 17
560
Law of conservation no of mass
560
1 age composition = 17 # 100
28. The hydrated salt Na2SO4.10H2O undergoes x %
loss in weight on heating and becomes anhydrous.
140
= 17 = 8.19 % = 8%
The value of X will be-
(46 + 32 + 64 + 180) 100
Y 35. V.D. = 11.2
= 46 + 32 + 64 M.W = 11.2 × 2 = 22.4 g/mol
Volume of gas (STP)
Y
(322) × 100 = 142 Now, Given Mass
M.W. = moles = 22.4
Y
100 = 4 Y = 44 % 11.2 Volume
⇒ 22.4 = 22.4 ⇒ Volume = 11.2 L
So, loss in weight
X = 100 - 44 = 56 %
1.6 Chemistry
36. Let mass of (M.W.) compound is M
\ mass of Al needed = 2 × 27g
Now, as per given situation = 54g

8 42. From the given reaction
100 # M = 32 # n
M = 400 # n 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O → 2NaAlO2 + 3H2↑
Now, for least M.W., n should be = 1 3
moles of H2 evolved = 2 × moles of Al used.
M = 400 Given, mass of Al used = 27g
37. Mass of H in 0.0835 moles of compound = 1g 27
\ moles of Al used = 27 = 1
1

\ moles of H in 0.0835 moles of compound = 1 =1 \ moles of H2 evolved = 1.5
1
\ Vol. of H2 evolved at STP = 1.5 × 22.4 L

\ moles of H in 1 mole compound = 0.0835
= 11.97 . 12 = 33.6 L.

\ 1 molecule of given compound should contain 43. S + O 2 $ SO 2
12 atoms of H
1 mole of 5 reacts with 1 mole of O2

\ Molecular formula = C6H12O6.
Thus, 5 moles react with 5 moles of SO2
38. Molecular Formula can only be a whole number Given mass
multiple of the empirical formula. Now, 32 + 32 = 5
39.Let total given mass = 100 g Given mass = 64 × 5 = 320 g
Then, carbon = 49.3 44. Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2 → 2NaHCO3
Hydrogen = 6.84
\ moles of CO2 needed = moles of Na2CO3 used
Now, C H mass of Na2CO3 used = 21.2 kg = 21200g
49.3 6.84
12 1
21200
\ moles of Na2CO3 used = 106 = 200 moles
4.11 6.84
\ moles of CO2 needed = 200
Now, oxygen left
Now, CaCO3 CaO + CO2
3

= 100 - (49.3 + 6.84)= 43.86 %

\ Moles of CO2 produced = moles of CaCO3 used
43.86
16 = 0
\ moles of CaCO3 needed = 200
0 = 2.74
\ mass of CaCO3 = 200 × 100g
C H O = 20 kg
4.11 6.84 2.75
2.75 2.75 2.75 45. 3Mg(OH)2 + 2H3PO4 → Mg3(PO4) + 6H2O
1.5 2.5 1
2
moles of H3PO4 needed = 3 × moles of Mg(OH)2
3 5 2 mass of Mg(OH)2 taken = 100 g
C3 H5 O2 = emperical formula. 100
Empharical weight = 36 + 32 + 5 = 73 \ moles of Mg(OH)2 taken = 58
\ moles of H3PO4 needed = b 3 # 58 l
2 100
Now, weight (MW) = 73 × 2 = 146
143
y factor = 73 = 2 \ mass of H3PO4 needed = b 3 × 58 l × 98
2 100

(C3 H5 O2) × 2 = 112.64g

C6 H10 O4 2.76
46. Moles of Ag2CO3 taken = ]
0.33 1 M.W.gAg CO
40. 100 # 100 # 67200 2 3

2.76
56= #n = 276 = 0.01
672 # 0.33 From the given reaction,
n= 56
moles of Ag formed = 2 × moles of Ag2CO3
n = 4
3 = 0.02
41. 2Al + 2 O 2 $ Al 2 O3

\ mass of Ag formed (residue) = 0.02 × 108g
∵ moles of O2 taken = 1.5
= 2.16 g.

\ moles of Al needed = 2
  Mole Concept 1.7
47. 1 mole of C2H5O4 gives 2 mole of CO2. Thus ASG is limitng here,
2 Thus, option (a) is wrong
2 × 44 = 132 g × 3 = 88 g
48. Now, By using stoichiometry 54. (d)
n1 18/18
I 2 + Cl 2 $ 2ICl
2 = 3
I 2 + 3Cl 2 $ 2ICl3
2 2.54
n1 = 3
moles = 197 = 0.2
Given mass
Molecular mass = no of moles
14.2
35.5 = 0.4
2

= 3 # 56
Now, 0.1 mole of I 2 reacts with 0.1 mole Cl 2 to

= 37.3 g yield = 0.2 mole ICl and 0.1 mole I2 reacts with 0.3
mole Cl2 to gives 0.2 moles ICl3.
49. 2CH3OH + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 4H2O

Thus moles formed 0.2, 0.2
From the above reaction:-
55. KI + I 2 + 16HNO3 $
2 moles of CH3OH forms 4 moles of H2O
KIO3 + 2HIO3 + 16NO 2 + 7H 2 O

\ mass of H2O formed = 4 × 18g

I2 is the limiting reagent
= 72g.
From the above equation, 2 moles I2 will gives 32
7
50. 2 mole of CrO5 reacts with 2 mole of O2 moles NO2.

Thus, Volume at
7
1 mole of CrO5 reacts with 4 moles of O2
STP = 22.4 × 32
= 1.75 moles = 716.8 L
51. Zn + Fe + 2S $ Zn (FeS 2) 56. 2AgNO3 + Na 2 CrO 4 $ Ag 2 CrO 4 + 2NaNO3
moles taken 2 3 5
Now, here 2 moles AgNO3 forms 1 mole Ag2CrO4
` Zn is the limitng reagent. while reacting with 1 mole Na2CrO4.
n n Zn(FeS )
` 1Zn = 1
2

Thus, 0.6 moles forms 0.3 while reacting with 0.3
So, moles of Zn (FeS2) formed = 2 moles of Na2 CrO4
52. Let 509 kgm of M is required
Thus, Ans = 0.3 moles.
Now, By applying POAC from M to M3 × 8 57. Now, 2 moles reacts with 1 mole to given 2 mole
x H2O.
56 # 1 # N A = n # 3 # N A By Gay Lussac’s Law of combining volumes.

x 2 L H2 reacts with 1 L O2
56 = 3n ...(i)
\ 12 L H2 reacts with 6L O2
Now, \ Volume of O2 unreacted = 8 - 6 = 2 L
1 mole M3 X8 gives 8 mole NX
58. 1 mole H2 reacts with 1 mole Cl2 to give 2 mole HCl
Thus, n moles gives = 8 n moles
Similarly, 10 ml H2 + 10 ml Cl2 gives 20 ml HCl
206
8 x (3 × n)= 103 Thus, Volume of Cl2 Left = 12.5 - 10 = 2.5 mL
x
But, 3 × n = 56 from Eq. (i) above Ans = 20 ml HCl, 2.5 ml Cl2 in final mixture.
x 59. Now, CO 2 + C $ 2CO
n = 56 # 3
44 g 6 g
x 1
Now, 22 g CO2 reacts with 6 g to give 28 g CO
56 # 3 # 8 = 2
x = 42 g Now, 1 mole Ni reacts with 4 mole CO. Thus, 1
1
mole CO reacts with 4 mole Ni
53. 3 moles A reacts with
2 moles B to form 1 mole A3B2 1 Given mass
4 = molecular mass
1
Thus, here A is limiting 2 mole A3B2 reacts with 1 1
1 Given mass = 4 # M.M
mole C to form 2 mole A3B2C2
= 14.75 g
1.8 Chemistry
M V +M V # + 1 # 20 65. Let mass of solution = 100 gm
60. Using 1 V1 + V 2 2 = 0.25 10 =0.75 m
1 2 30 Then mass of H2SO4 = 98 g
I) is true. moles of H2SO4 = 1
1 # 100 + 0.25 # 50 mass of solution 100
II) 150 = 0.75 M volume = density = 1.84 = 54.34 ml
Second is also true no of moles
100 25 Now, Molarity = volume (L)
40 # 100 + 100 # 20
III) 60
1
= 54.34 # 1000 = 18.4 M
45 3 66. Let volume = 100 ml
= 60 = 4 = 0.75 M
(III) is also correct Thus, weight of solute = 2.8
2.8 1
1 # 50 + 25 # 0.25 Moles of solute = 12.39 = 20
(IV) 75 = 0.75 M
(IV) is correct no of moles of solute
Now, molarity = volume of solutiion (L)
So, Ans I, II, III, IV
1/20 #
no of moles of isolute 100 1000 = 0.5 M
61. Now molarity = Volume of isolution
M V +M V 1 # 500 + 1 # 500
1/98 67. & 1 V1 + V 2 2 =
= 1 = 0.0102 M 1 2 500 + 500
= 1000 mM = 1 M
62. Now, here M1V1 × 5 = M2V2
0.01 × V × 5 = 0.01 × 50 68. Ba (OH) 2 $ Ba 2+ + 2OH -
V = 10 mL NaOH $ Na + + OH -
63.Let mass of solvent = 1 kg 2 # V # 0.4 + 0.3 # 50
V + 50 = 0.5
So, no. of moles = 3 0.8 V + 15 = 0.5 V + 25
given mass of NaOH 0.3 V = 10
= 40 × 3 = 120 g ` V = 33.33 mL
Mass of solution - 1120 g
Volume of solution 69. M1V1 = M2V2
1120 ⇒ 0.6 x V = 0.4 x 30
= 1.11 mL V = 20 ml ar
= 1009 mL 20 cm3
Now, molarity
70. H 2 SO 4 + BaCl 2 " BaSO 4 + 2HCl
3
= 1009 # 1000 = 2.97 M
1 mole H2SO4 + 1 mole BaCl2 $ 1 mole BaSO4
64. Moles of NaCl = 1
H2SO4 = n = M1V1
1000
Moles of water = 18 = 55.55

2.5 moles
= 1000
n
Mole fraction, XNaCl = n NaCl
+n
10
BaCl2 = n = 1000
NaCl H2 O
1 1

= 55.55 + 1 = 56.55 = 0.017
So, H2SO4 is a limiting reagent.

Thus, moles formed = 0.0025
EXERCISE - 2
1. Number of atom in 52 amu 0.5 mole molecule contains = 6 × 0.5 = 3 mole
1 atom = 4 amu atoms of carbon mass = 3 × 12 = 36 g
1 3. 180 gm of water
1 amu = 4 atoms
1
52 amu = 4 # 52 = 13 amu 1 molecule contains = 10 electrons
given mass
Now, no of moles = molecular mass
2. 0.5 moles of K 4 [Fe(N) 6]
180
1 molecule contains = 6 carbon atoms = 18 = 10 moles
1 mole molecule contains = 6 mole atom of carbon 10 mole molecules
= 10 × 10 = 100 mole electrons.
  Mole Concept 1.9
4. The total no of electrons or protons mg CO3 & 2
& # 75 + 3 # 32 = 246
molecular moss 24 + 12 + 48 = 84 g/mol Weight of 5 mole = 246 × 5 = 1230 = 1.23 Kg
GM
moles = MW = 0.1 mole 10. 9.2 g of NO2
1 mg 103 contains = 42 protons 9.2
means, no of moles = 46 = 0.2 mole
0.1 mole contains = 42 × 0.1 = 42 mg
No of moles of oxygen atom

& 4.2 moles
= 0.2 × 2 = 0.4 atom of oxygen
no of protons = 4.2 NA
No of moles of O atoms = 0.4 moles
= 4.2 x 6.02 × 1023 = 2.52 x 1024
0.4 moles O atoms has 0.4 No molecule
5. Atomic weight=a Mass of NO = 0.4 × 30 = 12 gms.
molecular weigth = 3a
11. 28 % N 72 % M
(Triatomic)
given mass Now, Le + the atomic weight = m
Now, no of moles = molecular mass 28 % N(14) 72% m(m)
Given mass = wg Now, Le + Total mass = 100 gm
w
& 3a = no of moles 28 72

14 = 2 m
6. mg3 (PO4)2

Now, Given they are in 2 : 3 ratio
8 atoms of O = 1 molecule
2 2 72
1
0.25 moles O atom = 8 # 0.25 72 = 3 m = 3, m = 24
m
= 3.125 × 10-2 moles
12. Nitrogen in organic compound = 0.014 %
7. (a) 16 g CH4
14 1
16 g = 1000 # 100
16 = 1 mole molecular
Now, 1 molecule contain = 2 nitrogen
= 4 mole atoms of H
4
(b) 31.2 g of C6H6 5 # x = 14 # 2 x = 2 × 105
10
31.2
78 = 0.4 mole molecules 13. 20X, 21X, 22X
= 0.4 × 6 = 2.4 moles atoms of H Average atomic mass = 20/11
(c) 34.2 g of Cl2H22O11 20 # 90 + 21 # x + 22/10 -
100 = 20.11
34.2
342 = 0.1 mole molecules 211 = 21 x + 22 O - 22 x
= 0.1 × 22 = 2.2 moles atom of H 14. 18O in meteorites is greater than 18O on earth
(d) 36 g of C6H12O6 Thus, Average atomic mass of oxygen in meteorites
must be greater than terrestrial oxygen atoms
36
180 = 0.2 moles molecules
15. Let total mass = 100 g
0.2 × 12 = 2.4 mole atoms of H mass of X = 20 g
mass of Y = 80 g
8. = 0.05 × NA = 3 × 1022 atoms
20 80
Now, This is very large. 10 : 20 2 : 4 1 : 2 (X Y2)
Thus, others are ignored 16. The percentage yield of arean’ n can be described as
amount of product orbital
Thus, Atoms (total) = 3x 1022 aproximately the Total maximum possible product × 100
9. A + W + of A = 75
& (d)
A + W + of B = 32 17. The sp heat is 0.16 Ca 11g

2A + 3B $ X By dulong - petit 2a

X = A2B3 6.4
= sp Heat = Atomic wt

Weight of 1 mole = molecules weight
6.4
= 0.16 = 40 g
1.10 Chemistry
18. Now, C 2 H 4 + 3O 2 $ 2CO 2 + 2H 2 O 130

C 4 H10 + 2 $ 4CO H 2 O
Now, 1 mole of C2H4 combines with 3 mole of O2 to
5000
form 2 moles each of CO2 and H2O
no of moles = 5 D = 86.2 moles
So, Ans. = (b) 13
Now, moles of O2 needed = 86.2 # 2
19. 2Z + 5O2 $ Z2 O5
= 560.34 moles

2 moles of Z 560.34 # 32
5 Mass of O2 needed = 1000 = 17.9 kg.

combines with 2 moles of O2 means
25. Now, under some condition, volume can be treated
5

1 Z $ 4 O2 as moles

b 0.346 l # 5 = 0.552 - 0.346

1
CO + 2 O 2 $ CO 2
m 4 32
1

m = 67.4 g/mol 1 mole CO + 2 mole O 2 $ 1 mole CO 2
20. Zn5 + 3O 2 $ 2ZnO + 2SO 2 2 mole CO + 1 mole O2 $ 1 mole CO 2
2 L CO2 is formed

2nO + C $ Zn + CO
3

10 tons = 10,000 Hg 26. 2Fe + 2 O 2 $ Fe 2 O3

2Zns $ 2ZnO $ 2Zn 3
2 moles Fe reacts with 2 moles O2
10000

Now, 32 + 65.5 2nS No of moles of Fe = 0.1

yeild some moles of Zn 1
No. of moles of O2= 4 = 0.25
10000

moles of Zn = 97.5 So, Fe is L.R. here
10000 Thus, moles of Fe2O3 formed

mass of Zn = 97.5 # 65

= 6718 Kg. But yield is 75% 0.1
= 2 = 0.05 moles
75

6718 # 100 = 5038 kg = 5 tons. 27. NO +
1
2 O 2 $ NO 2
20 ml 10 ml K
21. C7 H8 + 3HNO3 $ C7 H5 (NO 2) 3 + 3H 2 O
Now, 20 moles combines with 10 moles $

1 mole C7H8 needed 3HNO3
10 moles NO2 under STP
276 g x 20
92 = 3 moles
20 10
22.4 $ 22.4 $ 22.4 which of 22.4

requires = 9 moles HNO3
x = 20 ml

So, mass = 9 × 63 = 567 g. 28. C n H 2n + 2 + O 2 $ nCO 2 + H 2 O
1
22. Now, 2Fe3 O 4 + 2 O 2 $ 3Fe 2 O3 1 $ n moles
2 moles Fe3O4 gives 3 moles Fe2O3
0.2 $ 0.2 # n
26.4
3 Now, No of moles = 44 = 0.4
1 mole Fe3O4 gives 2 moles of Fe2O3
0.2 × n = 0.4
Now, 2 b 64 + 168 l = 160
3 x 0.498 n = 2

x = 0.4814 g 29. Na2CO3 + CaCl2 → CaCO3 + 2NaCl
0.4814 1
Now, % age yeild = 0.5 # 100 = 96.3 % = 100 = 0.01 moles
12.6 means 0.01 moles Na2CO3 = 0.01 × 106
23. 63 = 0.2 moles
= 1.06 gms
HNO3 + KOH $ KNO3 + H 2 O 92
Now, 1.06 = 100 # x

0.2 × 56 = 112 g
As only pure compound will react
24. C 4 H10 & Isobutane 92
100 # x = 1.06

C 4 H10 & n-butane x = 1.1529
  Mole Concept 1.11
30. MgCO3 $ MgO + CO 2 contains so MeCaCNO3
60g of 70 % pure MgCO3 i.e.,
2.35 # 5
106 4
20
60 # 100 = 42g 2.35 # 5 #
mass = 4 16
42 1 106
Now, 84 = 2 mole 481.75
= g
1 mole Mg CO3 gives1 mole CO2 106
1 481.75 # 3

1 1 in Mg = 10
2 mole 2 mole MgCO3 $ 2 mole CO 2 106
481.75

1 #
2 22.4 = 11.2 L at STP
=
103
31. NaCO3 $ CO 2
= 0.481.75 mg
NOHCO3 $ CO 2 34. First assume volume to be 1L
x 4-x
106 # 1 # N A + 84 Now, average Conc. 3.5 (3-4)
3.5
N
498
Y A = 22400 # 1 # XY Now, 23 = No of moles
X 4-X = 0.15 moles
106 + 84 = 0.02 0.15
84 X + 424 - 106 X = 178. Thus, Molarity = 1 = 0.15 M
245 a2 = 22 [ means wrong] 35. Ethanol + water = 0.1 mf of C2H5O4
But if
Weight of ethanol 0.1 x 46 = 4.6 g

2NaHCO3
9
NO 2 O3 + H 2 O + CO 2
Weight of water = 0.9 x 18 = 16.2 g
9

NO 2 CO 2 X weight of solution
W/W= Weight of solution # 100

b4-X l
84 4.6
20.8 # 100 = 22.11%
4 - X = 0.04
4 - X = 3.36 1
36. H 2 O 2 $ H 2 O + 2 O 2
X = 0.64 1.68
Now, 22.40 volume of O2 product = 0.075 moles
0.64
4 # 100 = 16% Volume of H2O2 formed = 0.075 x 0.15 moles
32. Let volume = 100 mL mass of H2O2 formed = 5.1g
5.1 1
Wt = 10 g of Glucose % age composition = 5.5 = 5 = 20
M.W. of Glucose = 180 g/mol 37. Urea solution
10 g contains 100 mL
A B

1g $ 10 mL
2 m 4m

180g $ 180 # 10 = 1800 mL = 1.8 L
1 kg 2 kg
33. 10 solution contains
6

No. of moles in A = 2 moles
Ca = 2.35
No. of moles in B = 4 x 2 = 8 moles
2.35
1 g solution contains =
106
Total moles = 10
2.35 # Mass = 3 kg
So, g solution contains = 50
106
moles of Ca =
10
Molality = 3 = 3.33m
2.35 # 5 38. HCl + NaOH

= 4
106
(CaCnO3)2 contains 0.1 m 0.1 m

1 Ca atom 50 ml 50 ml
2.35 5 0.1 HCl + 0.1 NaOH
6 # 4
10 0.1 # 50 + 0.1 # 50

Gives, 100 = 0.05M
1.12 Chemistry
39. Let it will be in ratio X = 1 moles of solvent = 0.8
10.9
Now, No of moles of HNO3 =- 63 = 0.3 Aq. solution Thus, 0.08 × 18 = Total mass
No. of moles of NaOH = 14.44 g
0.2

3.2
= 40 = 0.08 Now, Molality = 14.4 # 1000
Now, M1V1 = M2V2 13.88m
=
0.3 x X = 0.08 x 1 45. 100 ml H2SO4
X = 15
4
m H SO 2 4 = 100 # 0.9 = 90
X : 1 = 4 : 15 mass of 100 ml H2O = 100g
Weight of solute
40. 0.66 g of H3PO2 Now, % (w/W) = Weight of solution
0.66
66 = 0.01 90
= 190 # 100
Now, n factor = 1
= 47.36 %
Thus, 0.01 = 0.1 x n
x = 0.1 L 46. Z 2 O3 + 3H 2 $ 3H 2 O + 2Z
x = 0.1 x 1000 ml = 100 ml Now, 1 mole Z2O3requires = 3 mole H
0.2
41. Now, 1.5 x 1 = 1 x 2 x X M moles Z 2 O3
X = .75 b 0.2 l mole H 2
3
M
X = 75 %
b 0.2 l =
3
12
Slope of this curve M 1000 # 2

-1 M = 100
7.5%, -1 M = Z2O3 = 100
42. H 2 SO 4 + 2H 2 O —→ 2H3 O + SO + 2-
4 2 Z = 52, Z = 26
No of moles of H2SO4 = 0.1 × 0.1 = 10 milimoles 47. H2 g

1 H2SO4 molecule gives 2 H3O ions and 1 SO
+
4
2-
2% 6HCl $ 2YCl3 + 3H 2
ions
Now, 1 moles of Y reacts with 6 moles of
Thus 1 molecule gives 3 ions HCl $ 2YCl3 and 3H3
Total no. of ions = 30 milimoles = 0.18 × 1023 So, molar ratio
2
3
43. N1 + 2 O 2 $ N 2 O3 = 3 = 2: 3
7 gm of N2 means 48. Now, C2H5OH + H2O

7 1 10 ml 20 ml
28 = 4 moles

Mass of C2H5OH = 7.893 gm
But 80 % is convert

Mass of H2O = 19.942 gm
1 # 80 1
4 100 = 5 moles
Total mass = 27.835
3
Density of solution = 0.957
1 mole N 2 $ 2 O 2
27.835

1
= 0.9571
5 mole N 2 = 0.3 O 2
0.3 × 6 × 1023 molecules
Volume = 29.08 ml
Atoms = 0.6 × 6 × 1023 atoms
Expected volume = 30 ml
= 3.6 × 1023
Actual volume = 29.08 ml
30 - 29.08 # 100
44. Mole fraction = 0.2
percentage change = 30
Let total moles = 1
0.92
= 30 # 100 = 3.1 %
moles of solute = 0.2
  Mole Concept 1.13
49. Initial Solution = NaOH + Na2SO4
\ Moles of CuCl2 in 0.6g mixture = 1.106 × 10-3

H2SO4 only nutrilise NaOH \ mass of CuCl2 in 0.6 mixture = 0.15g

Thus, equivalents of H2SO4 and NaOH and same
0.15
\ % CuCl2 in mixture = 0.6 × 100

10 × 004 × d = 10 milimoles = 25% (Ans)
10 Putting the value of x in Eq(i) we get:

Now, 1000 # 40 = Given mass

= 0.4 g 143.5 × 2 × 1.106 × 10-3 + 188 × 2y = 0.9065
0.074 ⇒ 376y = 0.9065 - 0.3174
50. Here, N1 V1 = N 2 V2 = 2X 74 = ⇒ y = 1.56 × 10-3
4 = 2 \ Moles of CuBr2 in 0.6g mixture = 1.57 × 10-3
No of equivalent is are same \ mass of CuBr2 in 0.6g mixture
51. Mf C2H5OH = 0.25 = 1.57 × 10-3 × 188g
Let total moles = 1 = 0.2952g
moles C2H5O4 = 0.25 0.2952
\ % of CuBr2 in mixture = 0.6 × 100
Moles = H2O = 0.75 = 49.2%
0.25 × 46 = 1150 g 54. Let molar mass = X gm
C2H5O4
X $ XH 4
Total mass = 25 g
X $ X 2 H6
46 By POAC
% age mass = 100 = 46 %
5 X
52. 2H 2 O 2 $ 2H 2 O + O 2 m # 1 # NA = X + 4 # 1 # NA
1 mole of O2 gas 24 dm3 5 X 5.628 - X
X = X+4 = X+3
24 dm3 $ 1
But second
1
3dm3 $ 8 moles X
X+4 = d
Now, Volume of H2O2 = 100 cm3 5.628 - X
1 or X + 2H 2 $ XH 4
1/4 X+3
Now, Molarity 100 # 1000 = 2.5 M
2X + 3H 2 $ X 2 H6
53. 6g mixture was dissolved in 100mL and 10mL was Let one in n1 moles
taken second in n2 moles

⇒ mass of mixture in 10 mL solution = 0.6 g. Now, N1 moles of XH4 is formed
Suppose, in the 0.6g mixture:
N2
2 moles of X2H6 is formed
moles of CuCl2 = x and moles of CuBr2 = y n1 2
n2 # 2 = 1

\ moles of Cl- = 2x and moles of Br- = 2y
n1=n2

\ moles of AgCl ppt. = 2x and moles AgBr ppt.=2y
Now,

\ Adding masses of AgCl and AgBr:
(n1 + n2) x = 5
143.5 × 2x + 188 × 2y = 0.9065 (Eq(i))
2n1 x = 5

When the precipitate is shaken with NaBr, the AgCl Also,
is also converted to AgBr. n
n1 (X + 4) + 22 (2X + 6) = 56
Thus, total moles of AgBr formed = (2x + 2y) n1X + n2 X + 4n1 + 3n2 = 5

\ total mass of ppt. = (2x + 2y) × 188 7 n1 = 0.628

\ 188 × 2x + 188 × 2y = 1.005 (Eq(ii)) 0.628
n1 = 7
Eq(ii) - Eq(i) gives us
5#7
44.5 × 2x = 0.0985 Now, X = 2 # 0.628

⇒ x = 1.106 × 10-3 = 27.86
1.14 Chemistry
55. Now, mili equivalents of Barium Now, MW of on in
= M eq of solt H 2 SO 4 = 121.3
4.290 # 2 Now, As acid is monobasic
M = 2 # 21.64
So, M.W of Acid
# 0.477
M = 415.6 = 121.3 + 1
= 122.3
EXERCISE - 3
1. Moles of He taken = 3 7. M.W. of CaCl2.6H2O = 40 + 71 + 6 × 18 = 219
moles of N2 taken = 1 mass of water of crystallization = 108
108

3
⇒ mole fraction of He = 4 ⇒ % of water of crystallization = 219 × 100
1 = 49.31%
mole fraction of N2 = 4
Total moles removed = 2 8. Let volume of water needed V mL
3
\ Final volume = (V + 16) mL
⇒ moles of He removed = 2 × 4 = 1.5
Mi = 0.5 M Mf = 0.2 M
1
moles of N2 removed = 2 × 4 = 0.5

\ 0.5 × 16 = 0.2 × (V + 16)
\ Gases remaining are : 1.5 mole He and 0.5 mole

⇒ V + 16 = 40
N2

⇒ V = 24 mL

\ mass of He remaining = 1.5 × 4 = 6g
mass of N2 remaining = 0.5 × 28 = 14g 9. The compound must contain at least one oxygen
atom.

\ % by mass of He in remaining gases So, a minimum of 1 g atom of oxygen will be present
6
= 6 + 14 ×100 = 30% in 1 g molecule, i.e., 1 mol of the compound.
If M is the molecular weight of compound, then
2. Molarity = molality if density = 1g/mL since 16 is the atomic mass of oxygen, so minimum
At 4oC, density of water is 1 gm/mL ⇒ 277 K of 16 g of oxygen will be present in M gram of the
x
3. Let the moles of CO2 = x, then moles of SO2 = 2 compound.
16
moles of carbon in sample = x and moles of sulphur Thus, % of oxygen = M # 100
x 16 # 100
in a sample = 2 or 3.2 = or M = 500
M
x 12
12x + 2 # 32 = 12 & x = 28 = 3/7 10 ×1.18 × 49
10. M1 = 18

3 36
mass of carbon in sample = 7 # 12 = 7 = 5.14 M1V1 = M2V2
1.18 × 49 ×10
54 98 × 75 = M 2 × 590
4. moles of Al = 27 = 2 moles = moles of Mg
\ M2 = 0.75
mass of Mg = 2 × 24 = 48 g x # 5 + 20 # 2
11. x + 20 = 2.6
5. 3H3PO2 → PH3 + 2H3PO3
Solving, we get x = 5 mL

3 moles H3PO2 forms 1 mole PH3
12. Mass of 10 mole liquid - 2800g.

⇒ 6 moles H3PO2 forms 2 mole PH3

⇒ mass of PH3 formed = 2 × 34 = 68g density = 1.4 g/cc.
2800
240 \ volume = 1.4 = 2000 cc = 2L
6. Moles of C taken = 12 = 20
280 13. N has 7 electrons. So, each N3- ion has 10 electrons
moles of CO formed = 28 = 10

\ 0.5 mole N3- will have 0.5 x 10 mole electrons
⇒ moles of C used to form CO2 = 10
10 14. mass = 1.44 kg = 1440 g
\ % yield of CO2 = 20 × 100 = 50%

M.w. = 60 x 12
1440

\ No. of moles = 60 # 12 = 2
  Mole Concept 1.15
15. N2 + H2 $ N2 H2 3.78
(g) (g) (l)
21. Moles of SO2 taken = 64 = 0.06.

initial 5L 3L ` Applying POAC for S atoms.

final 2L - liquid nCaSO = nSO = 0.06
4 4

\ Contraction in volume = 8 - 2 = 6 L
` M CaSO = 0.06 + 136 = 8.16g
4

Note thas since N2 is in excess, therefore only first 22. Molarity = 3.2
reaction takes place. Density of solution = 0.4 g/mL
4
` 1 L of solution weight 400 g and contains 3.2
16. S 4 N 4 $ x S X + 2N 2 (g) (g)

moles of solute which weights 3.2 × 75g

Since volume of gaseous products = 4
` Mass of solvent = 400 - 3.2 × 75 = 160g
4
` x +2 = 4 3.2
` Molality = 0.16 = 20
4
or x = 2 & x = 2 23. Mass of algac initially = 1g
17. mNaCl needed = 0.3 g
` To double its mass, it must increase mass by 1g
0.3
` msolution # 100 = 5 & msolution = 6g

Now, this mass is due to formation of (C6 H10 O5) n
18. H x A + xNaOH $ Na x A + xH 2 O
6n CO 2 + 5n H 2 O $ (C6 H10 O5) n + 6n O 2
nH A n 1 0.1 1
` 1 = NaOH
x

x & n H A = 6 # x = 60x
1
` Moles of starch weighing 1g = (72 + 10 + 80) # n

x

2 1
` 600 = 60x & x = 5 1

= 162n
19. Number of electrons in 102- ion = 8 + 2 = 10
` N CO absorbed = 162
2
6
8
Number of O moles of ions in 9 g = 16
2-

` time needed =
6/162 6 # 103
-3 = # 4.7
4.7 # 10 162
8
` Number of electrons = 16 # 10 = 5
7.88 hours . 8 hours
20. From Dulong Petit Law we get 16
24. nSO = 32 + 16x = 22.4
x
5.6
6.4
Approx. Atomic Wt. = sp.heat (cal/g)
1 1
` 2+x = 4 & x = 2

6.4
= 0.057 = 114 25. Total mass of coal sample = 102.49g.

Let molecular formula be MClx
When it is dried, mass remaining = 100g.
7.14
Molecular
` weight = (114 + 35.5x) ` % ash = 100 # 100 = 7.14%
0.22

` moles of MCl x = 114 + 35.5x

Now, moles of

Cl - = x # moles of MCl x = moles of AgNO3
0.22x 0.51

` 114 + 35.5x = 170 & x = 3

EXERCISE - 4
1. If mass of N2 taken = 14 g then mass of H2 = 3 g 2x x

= 2 - 2x = 1 - x
14

` moles of N 2 = 28 = 0.5 and moles of
Given mole fraction of NH3 = 40 %
3 x
H 2 = 2 = 1.5
` 1 - x # 100 = 40

N 2 + 3H 2 $ 2NH3
100
` x = 40 - 40x.

initial 0.5 1.5 0
40 2

final 0.5-x 1.5-3x 2x
` x = 140 = 7
2x

Fraction of NH3 = (0.5 - x) + (1.5 - 3x) + 2x X
0.5 - 2/7 3
` N = 2 - 4/7 = 0 = 0.15
2
1.16 Chemistry
2. Since P, T and V are same for both the flasks 9. 2 # I3 + 3Cl 2 $ 2 # Cl3 + 3I 2
therefore the number of moles must also be equal. n xI = n xCl
3 3

0.8 1.4 ` If atomic weight of x = M, we get

n ` A = nB & M = M
A B
0.5 0.236
1.4 M + 3 # 127 = M + 3 # 35.5
M ` B = 0.8 M A & M B = 1.75M A
Solving, we get M = 140
3. Suppose moles of FeSO4=x and moles of Fe2(SO4)3=y
500
n
` Fe = x and n Fe = 2y
2+ 3+ 10. No. of molecules of acid needed =
0.21 # 10 -14
Sulphate from FeSO 4 = x moles and from = 2.38 # 1017
Fe 2 (SO 4) 3 = 3y from given information x = 3y. 2.4 # 1017
` moles of acid needed . = 4 # 10 -7
n x 3y 3 6 # 1023

2+

` n Fe = 2y = 2y = 2 4.24
Fe 3+
Now, Molarity of acid solution = 256
4. Let volumes of the two acids taken be V and xV
4.24
` 256 # V = 4 # 10 -7
0.36V + 0.15 # V V
0.24
` = V + xV ` = 2.41 # 10 -5 L
36 + 15x 11. X + 2H 2 $ XH 4
or, 24 = 14x
2X + 3H 2 $ X 2 H6
or, 24 + 24 = 36 + 15x
4 Let moles of XH 4 = a and X 2 H6 = b
` 9x = 12 & x = 3 ` Total moles of X taken = a + 2 b
5. No. of atoms of Fe = 3 and that of C = 6 per molecule. Equating mass of X : (a + 2b) M = 5 ... (i)
` m Fe = 3 # 56 and mC = 6 # 12 Equating mass of compounds
m 3 # 56 7 (M + 4) a + (2M + 6) b = 5.628 ... (ii)
` mFe = 6 # 12 = 3
C a 2
Also given b = 1 ... (iii)
3
6. KClO3 $ KCl + 2 O 2 Solving, we get M = 28.

2.24
N O = 22.4 = 0.1
2
12. X CH COOH = 0.15 and msolution = 30 g
3

2 1 Suppose moles of acetic acid in solution = X

n ` KClO = 3 # 0.1 = 15 .85 17
` moles of water = .15 X = 3 X
3

1
m ` KClO = 15 # 122.5 = 8.166g
3
17
` Mass of solution “ = X # 60 + 3 X # 18 = 162 X
8.166
% ` purity = 10 # 100 = 81.66%
30 5
` 162 X = 30 & X = 162 = 27
11.5
7. Moles of C6 h5 COOK to be produced = 160
5
11.5 Thus, n NaOH needed = 27

If yield was 100%, moles of toluene needed = 160
5
0.01V
` = 27 & V = 18.51 L .

` When yield = 71%, moles of toluene needed
100 11.5 13.

= 71 # 160 = 0.101
K S Al O

` mass of toluene needed = 0.101 # 92 15.1 24.8 10.5 49.6

= 9.3g 39 32 27 16
= 0.38 = 0.775x = 0.388 = 3.1
8. C1 H6 O3 + C 4 H6 O3 $ C9 H8 O 4 + C 2 H 4 O 2
$ 38 $ 775 $ 388 3.1
2 1

nC H O taken = 138 = 69
7 6 3 $ 38 $ 38 $ 38 $ 38
4 2 =1 =2 =1 =8

nC H O takne = 102 = 51
4 6 3

` Anhydrous salt = KAlSO2O8
C
` 7 H6 O3 is the limiting Reagent.
Now, H 2 O = 45.6 in hydrate a salt
1 8X
n
` aspirin theoretical = 69
` 18X + (39 + 27 + 64 + 128) # 100 = 45.6
1
Solving, we get X = 12.
n
` aspirin = 69 # 180 = 2.6 g

` Salt is KAlS 2 O8 $ 12 H 2 O
2.1
%
` yield = 2.6 # 100 = 80.76%
  Mole Concept 1.17
29.4 17. Let moles of NH3 NO3 = a
14. M acid = 98 = 0.3 and V = 0.1 L

` Moles of N in it = 2a
20/40
M NaOH = 0.5 = 1 and V = 0.09 L mass of NH3 NO3 = 80a
H X A + X NaOH $ Na X A + X H 2 O Let moles of (NH 4) 2 HPO 4 = b

` If basicity of acid = X
` Moles of N in it = 2b
n Mass of (NH 4) 2 HPO 4 = 132 b

nacid = NaOH
X
1 # 0.09 14 $ (2a) + 14 $ (2b)

` 0.3 # 0.1 =
` = 0.3040
X 80 a + 132 b

` X = 3.
a
Solving we get b = 3.3
3 m NH NO 80 a
15. Vol. of 1 molecule = 4 a 2 # h
` m(NH ) HPO = 132 b = 1.99
4 3

4 2 4

3
` 2 :1.
= 4 # (10 -6) 2 # 3 # 10 -6
18. Let V mL of alcohol be required
3 3
= 4 # 10 -18 cm3
a mass of alcohol is same in both solutions
(M.w.) 75 30
` = 1.2
` 100 # 0.8 # V = 100 # 0.9 # 150
3 3 -18
# 10 # 10 23
4
V = 67.5 mL

18 3 19. Moles of NO 2 required
Mw = 1.2 ` # 4 # 10 g mol
5

= b 63 l # 2 # 0.8 = 46.875
9.35 # 105 g mol 1575 3 1
=
935
= # 103 46.875
Moles of NO required = 0.60
16. Let molarity of H2O2 be M and the volume in the
46.875 1
two parts be V mL and (150 - V) mL Moles of NH3 required = 0.60 # 0.50

` for first reaction: = 156.25
n Volume of NH3 at STP required

n H O # 0.4 = KOH
2 2
2 156.25
= # 22.4 = 3500 L

Now for KOH + H 2 SO 4 reaction
20. Let wt. of sample is x g; wt. of MnO 2 is 0.75 x g
n KOH = 2n H SO and n H SO = 0.1
2 4 2 4
0.75x
0.2 moles of MnO 2 = 87
n` H O = 0.8 2 2

0.75x
MV
`
2000
= 8 = 250 ...(i) wt. of Mn = 87 # 55 = 0.474x

For second reaction: 3MnO 2 $ Mn3 O 4 + O 2

6.74
N O = 22.4 = 0.3 wt. of Mn3 O 4 produced
2

0.75x 1
nO = 87 # 2 # 229 = 0.658x g
and n H O # 0.5 = 3 2 2
3

300 Total wt. of residue = 0.658x + 0.2x

M
` (150 - V) # 0.5 = 3
(wt.of impurities)
M
` (150 - V) = 200 ...(ii)
0.474x

% of Mn in residue = 0.858x # 100 = 55.24
V 250 5

` 150 - V = 200 = 4
5 # 150 250
V
` = 9 = 3

Also, MV = 250 & M = 3
1.18 Chemistry
21. Let x g is wt. of CaC 2 O 4 and (0.6 - x) g wt. of
1
` Y2 O3 : BaO 2 : CuO : : 2 : 2 : 3
MgC 2 O 4
9 : : 1 : 4 : 6

CaC 2 O 4 CaCO3 + CO 2
9 27. 35 drops = 2 mL

MgC 2 O 4 MgCO3 + CO 2
2 2
x ` 1 drops = 35 mL = 35 # 1.2 g

wt. of CaCO3 produced = 128 # 100
N # 2 # 1.2
(0.6 - x) ` No. of molecules = A35 # 70

wt. of MgCO3 produced = 112 # 84
1.2
(0.6 - x) = $ NA
x (35) 2

` 128 # 100 + 112 # 84 = 0.465
60

x = 0.48 g 28. g-atom of metal = 24 ;
40

Due to further heating g-atom of oxygen = 16 ; simple ratio os

9
CaO + CO 2 \ 60 40
CaCO3 24 : 16 or 1 : 1 .
x
- 15
128 29. m = (100 # 1.1 - 15) = 1.6

MgCO3
9
MgO + CO 2 98 # 1000

- b 0.6 - x l 30. 18 mL H2O or 18 g H2O has 10 NA electrons, as each

112 H2O molecules has 10 electrons

wt. of CaO and MgO produced
0.48 0.12 31. r = 1.25 g/mL M = 3 Mww = 158

= 128 # 56 + 112 # 40 = 0.252g
10 # % (w/w) # 1.25
3
` = 158 & % (w/w) = 37.92
1.22 1
22. Moles of BaSO 4 = 233.3 # 3

37.92 g Na 2 S 2 O3 is present in 62.08 g of H 2 O
= 1.743 # 10 -3
37.92 62.08
n
` Na S O = 158 = 0.24 n H O = 18 = 3.45

wt. of M 2 (SO 4) 3 = 0.596 2 2 3 2

0.24
1.743
` # 10 -3 (2M + 96 # 3) = 0.596 X
` Na S O = 0.24 + 3.45 = 0.065
2 2 3

M = 26.9 1000 X 1000 # 0.065

m = (1 - X) 18 & 0.935 # 18 = 3.866
23. 2NaOH + H 2 SO 4 $ Na 2 SO 4 + 2H 2 O
1 m
` N = 7.732 and mS O = 3.866.
+
a 2
2-
3

n H SO = 2 n NaOH = 0.5
32. a. 1 mole O2 = 32 g
2 4

m ` H SO needed = 0.5 # 98 = 49g.

2 4
b. 3.011 x 1023 molecules = 0.5 moles SO2 = 32 g
m H SO
` msolution # 100 = 70
2 4

c. 0.5 moles SO2 = 32 g

m
49
` solution = 70 # 100 = 70g. d. 1 g atom of S = 1 mole S atoms = 32 g
9
aV + bV bV + aV 33. CaCl 2 $ CaCO3 CaO
24. V1 + V 2 = M1 and V1 + V 2 = M2
1 2 1 2
x moles x moles x moles
\ bV1 + aV2 = M1 = 4 b given M1 = 54 l
aV + bV M 5 M 1.12

mCaO = 1.12 g = 56 = 0.02 moles
1 2 2 2

a + b ^V2 /V1h 5 a2 + b2 5 m
` CaCl in mixture = 0.02 × 111 g = 2.22 g
2

or,
b + a ^V2 /V1h
= 4 & 2ab = 4
m
` NaCl in mixture = 2.22 g
Solving we get a = 2 and b = 1 as given a > b. 34. a. 16g CH4 = 1 mole CH4 ⇒ 4 mole H atoms
2
25. 6 mole HCl / 3 mole H 2 = 3 # 22.4 litre H 2 . b. 52 g C6H6 = 3 mole C6H6 ⇒ 4 mole H atoms
1
26. 1 mole Y Ba 2 Cu3 O 7 requires 2 mole Y2 O3 c. 34.2g C12H22O11=0.1 mole C12H22O11 ⇒ 2.2 mole
2 mole BaO 2 H atoms

3 mole CuO d. 36g H2O = 2 mole H2O ⇒ 4 mole H atoms
  Mole Concept 1.19
35. 1g molecule of V2O5 means 1 mole molecules of
⇒ H2SO4 gives [SO42-] = 0.025 M
V2O5.

\ total [SO42-] = 0.05 M
36. All such units of concentration which do not
depend on volume of solution are independent of
m Na SO = 0.1 # 142 = 14.2gm
2 4

temperature e.g. molefraction, molality, %(w/w) 14.2

Strength of Na2SO4 in g/L = 4 = 3.55 g/L
N
37. N = no. of moles = n
0.754
45. n Na = 23 = 0.0328
A

Molar mass (amu) x NA = total mass = m

n n
38. 11.2 L of gas at STP ⇒ 0.5 moles given mass of 0.5 n ` f = 3Na = n p = 4o = ncompound
moles = 149 ⇒ (Mw)gas = 28
0.0328
(M.w.) n
` f= 3 & 6.58 # 10 21 ions
39. V.D. = M.w. of H & dimensionless
2
0.0328 0.0328 #
density
ncompound = 3 & mcompound = 3 183
Specific gravity = density of H O & dimensionless
2 m
` compound = 2g
mass
mass fraction = total mass & dimensionless 0.0328/3

[Na3 PO 4 F] = 0.1 = 0.011M
molality has units of moles /kg.
48. Even if we assume it to be 100% CaCO3, Maximum
40. All such units of concentration which do not
weight loss from CaCO3 only is 4.4 g. Thus because
depend on volume of solution are independent of
actual weight loss is more the 4.4g impurity must be
temperature e.g. molefraction, molality, %(w/w)
volatile (B). Also 4.48 g is weight of CaO only.
46
41. a. Volume of solution = 1.4 = 32.85 mL
⇒ % weight of CaCO3
` mass of solute = 0.7 # 32.85 = 23g
100 100
= 56 # 4.48 # 10 = 90 %

b. Volume of solutions 49. Reactions with HCl:
= 50 mL & moles of solute = 0.5
Na3 PO 4 + 3HCl $ 3NaCl + H3 PO 4
` mass solute = 0.5 # 46 = 23g
NaH 2 PO 4 + HCl $ NaCl + H3 PO 4
42. 3S 2n+ + Cr2 O 72- + 14H + $ 3Sn 4+ + 2Cr3+ + 7H 2 O
Reactions with NaOH:
43. Mass of 35 drops = 2.4 g ⇒ mass of 1 drop = 0.068g
NaH 2 PO 4 + 2NaOH $ Na3 PO 4 + 2H 2 O
m
\ Volume of 1 drop = p = 0.057 mL.
Since Na3PO4 is a basic salt so PH > 7
$ 068
\ No. of moles in 1 drop = 70
Let Molarity of NaOH and HCl used be M.

\ No. of molecules in 1 drop 5M

mmol of NaOH used = 10 M & n NaH PO = 1000 2 4

$ 068

= 70 # N A = 5.85 # 10 20
mmol of HCl used = 20 M

\ No. of molecules in 35 drops = 2.047 x 1022 3n
20M
& Na PO + n NaH PO = 1000
3 4 2 4

44. 2NaOH + H 2 SO 4 $ Na 2 SO 4 + 2H 2 O 1 15M 5M

0.2 moles 0.2 moles n
` Na PO = 3 # 1000 = 1000
3 4

- 0.1 moles 0.1 moles 0.2 moles

n Na PO = n NaH PO
3 4 2 4

0.1
\ [Na 2 SO 4] = 4 = 0.025M
⇒ Na2SO4 gives [SO42-] = 0.025 M
0.1

[H 2 SO 4] left = 4 = 0.025M
1.20 Chemistry
50. a. CaO + 3C $ CaC2 + CO c. [Mw P4 O10 = 284]
1 mole 3 mol (1 mol = 64 g) 0.01 mol of P4 produces = 0.01 mol of P4O10
16 1
= (0.01 mol P4) b mol P 4O 10 lc
Moles of CaC 2 = 64 = 4 mol
m
1 mol P O 284 g P4 O10

1 4 10 mol P4 O10
Weight of C = 3 # 4 # 12 = 9.0g
= 0.01 # 284 = 2.84 g

b. Weight of C2H4=(32. kg) d kg n c

3
10 g 1 mol CaC Hence (c) is wrong.
2
m
64 g d. [Mw of P4 O6 = 220]
b 1 mol C 2 H 4 l Weight of P4 O6 produced
mol CaC 2
= (0.01 mol P4) b mol P 4O 6 lc m
1 mol P O 220g P4 O6

c m
28g C 2 H 4 4 6 mol P4 O6
mol C 2 H 4 = 0.01 # 220 = 2.2g
32 # 103 # 1 # 1 # 28 Hence, (d) is wrong.
= 64
108
= 14 # 10 g = 14.0 kg 3
52. moles of Al = 27 = 4.0 mol
c. [Mw of [Ag (NH3) 2] Cl = 177.5, 213
moles of MnO = 71 = 3.0 mol
Mw of AgCl = 143.5g mol -1
a. Since 2 mol of Al requires 3 mol of MnO,
Weight of AgCl = [17.75 g Ag ( NH3) 2 Cl] therefore Al is in excess.
d n b. Wrong.
1 mol Ag (NH3) 2 Cl
177.5 g Ag (NH3) 2 Cl
c. Weight of Al required
d nd n = (3.0 mol MnO) b 3 mol MnO l c m
1 mol AgCl 143.5 g AgCl 2 mol Al 27g Al
mol Ag (NH3) 2 Cl mol AgCl mol Al
17.75 # 143.5 3 # 2 # 27
= = 14.35g = 3 = 54.0 g of Al
177.5
d. Weight of Al in excess = (108 - 54) = 54.0 g.
Hence (c) is wrong.
21
d. (Atomic weight of Zn = 65.4g, 53. Moles of Li = 7 = 3.0 mol
Mw of Na2S2O4=174) 32
Moles of O 2 = 32 = 3.0 mol
Weight of pure Na2S2O4 = (65.4 x 106g Zn)
a. since (3.0 mol Li) b 4 mol Li2 l = 4 = 0.75 mol
1 mol O 3
c 1 mol Zn m b 1 mol Na 2 S 2 O 4 l
65.4g Zn mol Zn
of O2 is required, therefore (1.0 - 0.75) = 0.25
c m mol of O2 is in excess. Hence, Li is the limiting
174g Na 2 S 2 O 4

mol Na 2 S 2 O 4 reagent.
65.4 # 106 # 1 # 1 # 74 b. Weight of Li2O formed
= 65.4
1 mol Li 2 O l c 30g Li 2 O m
= (3.0 mol Li) b 2 mol Li
6
= 174 # 10 g
mol Li 2 O
= 174 metric ton 3 # 1 # 30
174 # 100 = 2 = 45.0g Li 2 O
Weight of 50% pure Na 2 S 2 O 4 = 50 3.9
= 343 metric ton c. Moles of K = 39 = 0.1 mol
Hence, (d) is wrong. 4.26
Moles of Cl 2 = 71 = 0.06 mol
1.24 8
Since b 2 l = 0.05
51. n P = 31 # 4 = 0.01 mol, nO = 32 = 0.25 moles 0.1
4 2
mol of Cl2 is
In reaction (i), moles of O2 required
required. Therefore (0.06-0.05)=0.01 mol of
mol P4) b mol P 2 l
5 mol O
(0.01
= Cl2 is in excess.
4

= 0.01 # 5 = 0.05 mol Hence, K is the limiting reagent.

Since there is more O2 present than required d. Weight of KCl formed
= (0.1 mol K) b mol K lc
1 mol KCl 74.5g KCl m
a. Therefore, P4 is the limiting quantity
mol KCl
b. Wrong. = 0.1 # 1 # 74.5 = 7.45g of KCl
  Mole Concept 1.21
54. 1 mol Cl 2 / 2 mol KOH / 1 mol KClO / 13 KClO3 62. n He = 1 & no. of atoms = n A
4 1
1 nO = 32 & No. of atoms = 8 # N A # 2
/ 4 mol KClO 4 2

4 1
277 nO = 48 & No. of atoms = 12 # N A # 3
Moles of KClO 4 = 138.5 = 2
3

4 2
n H O = 34 & No. of atoms = 17 # N A # 4
> H
Moles of Cl 2 = 2 # 4 = 8 2 2

mass of Cl 2 = 8 # 71 = 568g 63. 1.12 L / 6.2g

Moles of KOH = 2 # 8 = 16 6.2 # 22.4
22.4 L = 1.12 = 124
16
VKOH = 1.5 = 10.67 L 124
` Atomicity = 31 = 4
55. (Let ‘a’ g of X and Y taken)
64. It is fact
2X + 3Y $ X 2 Y3
a a 65. Mass number of isotope of O with 9 neutrons = 16
Initial moles] & 36 24 and is 90%.
a

Final moles] & - -
72 Mass number of isotope of O with 9 neutrons = 17

Since both X and Y are completely consumed, there Let a%.
is no limiting reagent. Mass number of isotope of O with 10 neutrons = 18

a
Moles of X 2 Y3 = 72, (10
` - a) %
` Average atomic mass of O
(Mw of X 2 Y3 = 2 # 36 + 24 # 3 = 144)
%O16 ×16 + %O17 ×17 + %O18 ×18
=

Weight of 100
a

X 2 Y3 = 72 # 144 = 2a = 2 # Weight of X 90 16 + 17 (a) + 18 (10 - a)
#
\ 16.12 = 100
56. Cl - + AgNO3 $ AgCl + NO3- \ a=8
14.35
\ % of O17 = 8 %

Mass of AgCl produced = 143.5 = 0.1

and n AgCl = n AgNO 3 % of O18 = 10 - 8 = 2 %
135 ` # M AgNO = 0.1 # 10
3
3
66. NaCl + AgNO3 $ AgCl . + NaNO3
100
M ` AgNO = 135 = 0.74M
3

4.77
n NaCl = 58.5 and N AgNO = 170
5.77
3

57. Cu (NH3) x Cl 2 + HCl $ Cu 24 + xNH +4 + (x + 2) Cl - AgNO

` 3 is the limiting reagent
n

-

` x +Cl 2 = nCu(NH )Cl 5.77

n
` AgCl precipitated = 170 # 143.5
3 2

0.1 3.7
n ` Cu(NH ) Cl = x + 2 = 63.5 + 17x + 71
3 x 2

= 4.87g
Solving, we get x = 3 67. n H SO = 0.1 # 1.2 = 0.12

2 4

NH3 Cl + NaOH $ NH 4 OH + NaCl

x 3 m
` H SO = 0.12 # 98 = 11.76g
moles of NH 4 Cl = x + 2 # 0.1 = 5 # 0.1 = 0.06
2 4

68. a. n Al = 20 n H = 40 Final volume = 500

3+ +

n ` NaOH = 0.06 = 0.5V 20 + 40 60

600 ` [cation] = 500 = 500 = 0.12M
V ` = 5 mL = 120 mL
100
nCl = 3 # 20 + 40 = 100 & [Cl -] = 500 = 0.2M
-

58. Molar mass of complex = 63.5 + 17 × 3 + 71

= 185.5
20
b. n K = 20 ` [cations] = 100 = 0.2M
+

59. Mass of 1 water molecule = 18 amu nCl = 20 ` [Cl -] = 0.2M

-

= 18 × 1.64 × 10-24g
= 3 × 10-23g
c. n K = 2 # 30 # 0.2 = 12, nSO = 6
+ 2-
4

12
60. Avogadro’s Law, If P, T are same then equal volmes ` [K +] = 100 = 0.12M ` [SO 24-] = 0.06M
will have same no. of moles of molecules. 10 # 24.5

d. M = 98 = 2.5 ` [SO 24-] = 2.5M
61. Mass of ‘O’ atom is independent of NA.

[H +] = 5M
1.22 Chemistry
1 70. a. 0.5 mole SO2 & 11.2 L at STP
69. a. m H O = 1.8g & n H O = 0.1 & 10 N A molecules
2 2

& 1.5 mole atoms (1 mole O and 0.5 moles S)

` vol. of vapours at STP = 0.1 # 22.4L

b. 1g H2 & 0.5 moles & 11.2 L
1.8

b. 1.8 mL vapours at STP & 22400 moles
c. 0.5 moles O3 & 11.2L & 1.5 mole atoms

c. 8. # 10 -5 mole H 2 O(v) is same as (b) above.
d. 1g molecule of O2 & 1 mole O2 molecules
71. 32g SO2 & 0.5 mole SO2 & 1.5 mole atoms

& 11.2 L at STP

Mass qf Fe ^in gh
x + 4 - 2 = 2 ;x + E
y z 1 y
1. 10 = # 106
4
100 # 1000
x 2

or, mass Fe = 1 g z =3
FeSO4.7H2O (M = 277.85) Thus, Empirical Formula : C2H4O3
55.85 g Fe in 277.85 gm of compound. 6. Mass of the adult = 75 kg
277.85
so 1 gm Fe in 55.85 = 4.95 gmo % Hydrogen = 10%
\ Mass of Hydrogen = 7.5 kg
2. 63% w/w → HNO3 solution
Now, if each 1H atom is replaced by 2H atom then
63 # 1.4 effectively the mass of each H atom doubles.
M= # 1000 mole/L = 14 mole/L
63 # 100 \ Mass of Hydrogen after replacement = 15 kg
3. mass of Na+ present in 1 kg water = 92g Also, mass of other atoms remain same.
92 \ Gain in mass = 7.5 kg.
moles of Na+ present in 1kg water = 23 = 4
moles of Na + 7. initial m. moles of CH3COOH = 50 × 0.06 = 3
\ molality of Na+ = mass of water (kg)
4 final m. moles of CH3COOH = 50 × 0.042 = 2.1
= 1 = 4. \ m. moles of CH3COOH adsorbed by 3g charcoal
4. From given reaction = 0.9
moles of H2O formed = 55 × moles of C57H110O6 \ m. moles of CH3COOH adsorbed by 1g charcoal
= 0.3
mass of C57H110O6 taken = 445 g.
\ mass of CH3COOH adsorbed per g of charcoal =
445 0.3 × 60 = 18 mg.
moles of C57H110O6 taken = 57 ×12 + 110 ×1 + 6 ×16

445
= 890 = 0.5 8. We know the molecular weight of C8H7SO3Na

⇒ moles of H2O = 55 × 0.5 12
= # 8 + 1 # 7 + 32 + 16 # 3 + 23 = 206

⇒ mass of H2O = 27.5 × 18 g
we have to find, mole per gram of resin.
= 495 g.

` 1 g of C8H7SO3Na has number of mole
5. Mass% Atomic ratio weight of given resin 1
C 6.K% 6/12 = 1/2
= Molecular, weight of resin = 206 mol
H 1 K% 1/1 = 1
Now, reaction looks like
O (100-7K)%

2C8 H 7 SO3 Na + Ca 2+ $ (C8 H 7 SO3) 2 Ca + 2Na

x:y=1:2

a 2 moles of C8H7SO3Na combines with 1 mol Ca2+
C
` x H y = C n H 2n
1

` 206 mole of C8H7SO3Na will combine with
C x H y O z + c x + - z m O2 $ xCO2 + 2 H2 O
y y

4 2 1 1 1
2 # 206 mol Ca 2+ = 412 mol Ca 2+
C x H y + c x + m O2 $ xCO2 + 2 H2 O
y y

4
  Mole Concept 1.23
(mO ) 2
11. Heavy water has 2 atoms of 12H and one atom of 168O
nO (MO )
9. n N = (m )
2 2
\ Number of protons = 2 × 1 + 1 × 8 = 10

\ Number of electrons = number of protons = 10
2 N 2

(M N ) 2

Where, mO = given mass of O2, m N = given mass

2 2
Number of neutrons = 2 × 1 + 1 × 8 = 10
of N2, M O = molecular mass of O2, M N = number
2 2 12. molality and Molarity of a solution are related by the
of moles of N2 formulae given in Section 6.2 of theory.
= ; m O E 32 = 4 # 32 = 32
m 28 1 28 7 13. moles of Urea = 2
2

N 2

Total mass of solution = 1120 g.
M1 V1 + M 2 V2
10. From the formula, M f =V1 + V2
Total Volume of Solution = 973.9 mL

Given, V1 = 750 mL, M1 = 0.5 M
So, Molarity = 2/0.9739 = 2.05M
V2 = 250 mL, M2 = 2 M 14. 24g C has 2 mole atoms rest all have 1 mole atoms
750 # 0.5 + 250 # 2 875
= 750 + 250 = 1000 = 0.875M 15. (29 x density x 10)/98 = 3.6. So, density = 1.22g/cc

(120 + 1000) 5. Let mole of urea = x

1. VSol = 1.15 mL
x 50
900 = 0.05, x = 19
W2 # 1000 120 # 1000 x + 18
M = Mw = 60 # 1120/1.15
2 # Vsol
50 20100

2 # 115
= 112 = 2.05 M Mass of solution = 19 × 60 + 900 = 19

2. The atomic mass of iron is 20100

Volume of solution = 19 # 1.2 ml
(5 # 54) + (90 # 56) + (5 # 57)

= 100 = 55.95 20.1
= 19 # 1.2 litre
3. A mixture X contianing 0.02 mol of [Co(NH3)5SO4] 50
19 60
Br and 0.02 mol of [Co(NH3)5Br] SO4 was prepared Molarity = 20.1 = 20.1 @ 2.985
in 2 L of solution. This means 1 L of the mixture 19 # 1.2
contains 0.01 mol of [Co(NH3)5SO4] Br 0.01 mol of
6. Ca(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4 2NH4 + CaSO4.2H2O
[Co(NH3)5Br] SO4.
1L of mixture X + excess AgNO3 $ 0.01 mol 1584 g [Ni(H2O)6]Cl2

AgBr Complex Compound

1L of mixture X + excess BaCl2 $ 0.01 mol BaSO4 1584
This is according to the following reactions taking Number of Moles of (NH4)2SO4 = 132 = 12 moles
place: Moles of NH3 released = 24 moles
[Co (NH3) 5 SO 4] Br + AgNO3 $ 952
Moles of moles of NiCl2.6H2O = 238 = 4 moles
[Co (NH3) 5 SO 4] NO3 + AgBr . Number of moles of Gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) formed
[Co (NH3) 5 Br] SO 4 + BaCl 2 $ = 12 moles
[Co (NH3) 5 Br] Cl 2 + BaSO 4 . Mass of Gypsum formed = 12 × 172 = 2064
4. 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2 Number of moles of complex formed [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2
24
5.4
Moles of Al takes = 27 = 0.25 = 6 = 4 moles
0.2 0.25 Mass of complex formed = 4 × 232 = 928 g
As 2 > 3 , H2 SO4 is limiting reagent
Total Mass = 2064 + 928 = 2992 g
nRT
Now, moles of H2 formed = P
0.25×0.082×300
= 1 = 6.15 L
1.24 Chemistry
7. n
nsolute
= 0.1 9. BenAl2Si6 O18
solute + n solvent
(2n) + (3 × 2) + (4 × 6) + (-2 × 18) = 0
nsolute 1
` nsolvent =9 or 2n + 30 - 36 = 0or 2n = 6 or n = 3
\ If nsolute = 1, then nsolvent = 9
10. Density = 10.5 g cc-1

\ mass of solute (MW)solute and
This means 10.5 g silver is present in 1 cm3.
Msolvent = (M.W.)Solvent × 9 10.5
1000 108 mol silver is present in 1 cm .
3

\ Molality = 9 (M.W.)
10.5
solvent
108 N silvel atoms present in 1 cm .
3
mass of (solute + solvent)
Volume of solution = L 3 10.5
2000 108 N silvel atoms present in 1 cm
2000
\ Molarity = (MW)
b 10.5 N l silvel atoms present is 1 cm2.
1/2
3
solute + 9 (MW) solvent 108

a molality = Molarity 10-12 m2 is equal to 10-8 cm2.
1000 2000

\ 9 (MW) = (MW) b 10.5 N l # 10 -8 silver atoms present in
1/2
3
solvent solute + 9 (MW) solvent 108
(MW)solute + 9 (MW)solvent = 18 (MW)Solvent 10-12 m2.
(MW) solute On solving, we get 1.5 x 10-7 = Y x 10-x

\ (MW) =9
solvent x
` =7
8. If Molarity = 3.2

\ 3.2 moles of solute are present in 1 L solution

Given, no change in volume ⇒ Vsolution = Vsolvent

\ If Vsolution = 1L ⇒ Vsolvent = 1L ⇒ masssolvent=400g
3.2

\ molality = 400 ×1000

\ molality = 8.