CHEMISTRY
INVESTIGATORYPROJECT
To study the presence of Insecticides
and Pesticides in Various Fruits and
Vegetables
By:- MOHAMMAD YASEEN
MUSKAN CHHABRA
CERTIFICATE: -
This is to certify that Muskan Chhabra
and Mohammad Yaseen of class XII-D
have worked on the project “To study
the presence of Insecticides and
Pesticides in Various Fruits and
Vegetables” as part of the chemistry
syllabus. The project has been
completed within the stipulated time
prescribed by CBSE.
Mrs. Tabassum
(Subject Teacher)
Acknowledgement: -
A lot of thanks to our venerable teacher
Mrs. Tabassum, without whose guidance a
project such as this would have been
impossible to complete. She has
constantly been a source of motivation
and inspiration to us. She has been
gracious in helping us obtain all the
information and elucidation of several
obscure points.
INDEX
S.no TOPICS
1 AIM
2 INTRODUCTION
3 THEORY
4 APPARATUS
5 PROCEDURE
6 OBSERVATIONS
7 RESULT
8 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Aim:To study the presence of
Insecticides and Pesticides in Various
Fruits and Vegetables
Introduction
In the past decade there has been a
tremendous increase in the yields of
various crops to meet the demand of
overgrowing population, achieved by
using pesticides and insecticides. These
are chemicals that are sprayed over crop
to protect it from pests. For example, DDT,
BHC, zinc phosphide, Mercuric chloride,
dinitrophenol, etc. All pesticides are
poisonous chemicals and are used in small
quantities with care. Pesticides are proven
to be effective against variety of insects,
weeds and fungi and are respectively
called insecticides, herbicides and
fungicides. Most of the pesticides are
non-biodegradable and remain penetrated
as such into plants, fruits and vegetables.
From plants they transfer to animals, birds
and human beings who eat these polluted
fruits and vegetables. Inside the body they
get accumulated and cause serious health
problems. These days preference is given
to biodegradable insecticides like
malathion. The presence of Insecticides
residues in even raw samples of wheat,
fish, meat, butter etc. have aroused the
concern of agricultural administrators,
scientists and health officials all over the
world to put a check over the use of
insecticides and to search for
non-insecticidal means of pest control.
Apparatus Required
Mortar and pestle, beakers, funnel, glass rod, filter
paper china dish, water bath, tripod stand, fusion tube,
knife, test tube. Samples of various fruits and
vegetables, alcohol, sodium metal, ferric chloride,
ferrous sulphate crystals, distilled water and dil.
Sulphuric acid
Procedure
1)Take different types of fruits and vegetables and
cut them into small pieces separately.
2) Transfer the cut pieces of various fruits and
vegetables into it separately and crush them.
3)Take different kinds for each kind of fruits and
vegetables and place the crushed fruits and
vegetables in these beakers and add 100 ml of
alcohol to each of these.
4) Stir well and filter. Collect the filtrate in separate
china dishes, Evaporate the alcohol by heating the
china dishes one by one over a water bath and let
the residue dry in the oven.
5)Heat a small piece of sodium in a fusion tube, till it
melts.
6) Then add one of the above residues from the
china dish to this fusion tube and heat it till red
hot.
7)Drop the hot fusion tube in a china dish containing
about 10 ml of distilled water
8)Break the tube and boil the contents of the china
dish for about 5 minutes.
9) Cool and filter the solution. Collect the filtrate. To
the filtrate add 1 ml of freshly prepared ferrous
sulphate solution and warm the contents.
10) Then add 2-3 drops of ferric chloride solution and
acidify with dilute HCl. If a blue or green ppt. or
colouration is obtained it indicates the presence of
nitrogen containing insecticides.
11) Repeat the test of nitrogen for residues obtained
from other fruits and vegetables and record the
observation.
Observations
S. no Name of the Test for the Presence of
fruit or presence of insecticide or
vegetable nitrogen (positive pesticide
or negative) residues
1. Apple
2. Grapes
3. Brinjal
4. Tomato
Conclusions
Bibliography
ØBooks:-
· Together with Chemistry Lab Manual
· NCERT Chemistry
ØInternet:-
· www.wikipedia.com
· www.google.co.in
· www.youtube.com
