UNIVERSITY OF MINES AND TECHNOLOGY, TARKWA

FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION, APRIL 2024

COURSE NO: CE 273
COURSE NAME: COMPUTER GRAPHICS
CLASS: CE II TIME: 3 HRS

LNUGS-UMAT SRID
Name: __________________________________________ Index Number: _______________

INSTRUCTION: Please circle the correct answer from the alternatives on the question paper.
1. What is the smallest addressable screen element in computer graphics?
a. Dot
b. Point
c. Pixel
d. Spot

2. Which term describes the process of converting a vector image into a bitmap image?
a. quantisation
b. rasterisation
c. sampling
d. pixelization

3. How do you describe generated scenes in an artistic style, resembling paintings or drawings?
a. Photorealistic graphics.
b. Non-Photorealistic graphics.
c. Modeling graphics
d. Image-based graphics.

4. Which of the following does NOT belong to the properties of a video monitor?
a. Phophorus
b. Persistence
c. Resolution
d. Aspect Ration

5. Digitizing a picture definition into a set of intensity values is known as ..............................

a. Digitization
b. Scanning
c. Refreshing
d. Scan conversion

6. With respect to CRT, what is the horizontal retrace defined as?

a. The path of turning the electron beam off while retracing
b. The path of turning the electron beam on/off while retracing
c. The path an electron beam takes when returning to the left side of the screen
d. The path an electron beam takes when returning to the right side of the screen
7. What distinguishes interactive computer graphics from non-interactive computer graphics?
a. Only one-way communication between the computer and the user.
b. Two-way communication between the computer and the user.
c. Non-interactive graphics involves user control, whereas interactive graphics do not.
d. Interactive graphics require specialized input devices.

8. What is the primary reason for the decline in the use of CRT displays?
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 a. Limited color reproduction
b. High power consumption
c. Poor screen resolution
d. Susceptibility to electromagnetic interference

9. Which projection type is commonly used in architectural drawings and engineering designs to
accurately represent object dimensions?
a. Parallel Projection
b. Perspective Projection
c. Orthographic Projection
d. Axonometric Projection

10. What does a homogeneous coordinate system provide in computer graphics transformations?
a. A way to represent 3D shapes in 2D space
b. A method for scaling objects uniformly
c. A means to handle translation without using matrices
d. A way to represent translations, rotations, and other transformations using matrices

11. Interlaced refresh procedure is allowed in which display type?

a. LCD
b. DVST
c. Raster scan display
d. Random scan display

12. The main difference between perspective and parallel projection is ………………………………………..
a. In perspective projection, lines converge at a single point called the center of projection, while in parallel
projection, lines are parallel
b. In perspective projection, lines are parallel, while in parallel projection, lines converge at a single point
called the center of projection
c. Perspective have lines converge at infinity of projection and parallel projection have lines interpolate at
infinity
d. In perspective projection, lines converge at a single point called the center of projection, while in parallel
projection, lines are parallel

13. What is the purpose of a graphics pipeline in computer graphics?

a. To manage network connections
b. To process input from the user
c. To render images efficiently
d. To store digital images

14. Given a point P(2, 3, 4) and a translation vector T(1, -2, 3), what are the coordinates of the translated
point after applying the translation?
a) (3, 1, 7)
b) (1, 1, 7)
c) (3, 5, 1)
d) (1, 5, 7)

15. What advantage does the lookup table approach offer compared to direct colour coding?
a) Higher color accuracy
b) Greater flexibility in color selection
c) Reduced storage requirement
d) Faster rendering speed

16. Lower persistence phosphorus needs what kind of refresh rate?

a. Lower
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 b. Higher
c. Medium
d. Lowest

17. Which condition considers a line in the direct use of line equation algorithm?
a. If the value of |m|≤1 for each integer value of x.
b. If the value of |m|>1 for each integer value of x.
c. If the value of |m|≤1 for each integer value of y.
d. If the value of |m|>1 for each integer value of y.

18. The relationship between the quality of a picture and the density of pixels on the screen can be
described as:……………………………………………………………………………………
a. The quality of a picture is inversely proportional to the density of pixels on the screen.
b. The quality of a picture is not affected by the density of pixels on the screen.
c. The quality of a picture is directly proportional to the density of pixels on the screen.
d. The quality of a picture is only affected by the spacing between pixels, not the density.

19. If lighting is disabled in OpenGL, which function specifies the colour of the vertex?
a. glClearColor()
b. glDisplayfunc()
c. glColor()
d. glActivateColor()

20. What role do geometric transformations play in generating images of three-dimensional objects?
a. Controlling surface texture
b. Adjusting light reflection
c. Changing the color composition
d. Expressing the location of objects relative to others

21. Which advantage is associated with developing algorithms for scan conversion?
a) Algorithms can generate graphics objects at a faster rate.
b) Algorithms result in lower image quality.
c) Algorithms require excessive memory usage.
d) Algorithms are not suitable for complex shapes.

22. The rectangle portion of the interface window that defines where the image will actually appear is
called:
a. Viewport
b. Clipping window
c. Transformation viewing
d. Screen coordinate system

23. How does the shadow mask method work in colour CRT displays?
a) By applying a layer of reflective material behind the phosphor layer
b) By using a series of mirrors to reflect light onto the screen
c) By alternating between different color filters
d) By placing a mask between the electron gun and the phosphor layer

24. What happens to lines perpendicular to the projection plane in a cavalier projection?
a. They are projected to one half of their length
b. They are projected with no change in length
c. They are projected with increased length
d. They are projected with decreased length
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25. What are the steps involved in scaling an object relative to a fixed point?
a. Scale the object relative to the origin, translate the object back to its original position, translate the
fixed point to the origin.
b. Translate the object back to its original position, translate the fixed point to the origin, scale the
object relative to the origin.
c. Translate the fixed point to the origin, scale the object relative to the origin, translate the object
back to its original position.
d. Scale the object relative to the origin, translate the fixed point to the origin, translate the object
back to its original position.

26. Match the following

Part A Part B
A. Plasma panel i) Polarizer
B. DVST ii) Zinc sulfide
C. LCD iii) Dielectric mesh
D. Thin film electroluminescent iv) Neon gas

a. A-ii, B-iv, C-i, D-iii

b. A-ii, B-iii, C-iv, D-i
c. A-iv, B-iii, C-i, D-ii
d. A-i ,B-iv, C-ii, D-iii LNUGS-UMAT SRID
27. Which of the following line drawing algorithms is based on the idea of dividing the line into small
intervals and then selecting the nearest pixel to plot in each interval?
a. Bresenham's line algorithm
b. Digital Differential Analyzer (DDA) algorithm
c. Midpoint line algorithm
d. Wu's line algorithm

28. What is the purpose of the glutTimerFunc() function?

a. It sets a timer that calls the specified function after a specified amount of time.
b. It sets a timer that calls the specified function repeatedly after a specified amount of time.
c. It sets a timer that calls the specified function when a mouse button is clicked.
d. It sets a timer that calls the specified function when the window is resized.

29. What happens when an object to be drawn is not within the current viewport?
a. It is ignored
b. A warning is given
c. It is drawn by OpenGL even though it is not seen
d. It is clipped from the scene and subsequently not drawn

30. Consider the computer graphics pipeline. Which statements are true?
I. At the application, polygon data and and vertex data are generated
II. Geometry part of the pipeline is responsible for taking vertex description of an object.
III. Rasterization takes an image described in vector format and convert into series of pixels
a. I and II only
b. II and III only
c. I and III only
d. I, II and III only

31. A 3D object is rotated by 45 degrees about the x-axis. If the original coordinates of a point are (3, 2,
1), what are the new coordinates after rotation?
a. (3, 1.41, 1.41)
b. (3, 1.41, -1.41)
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 c. (3, 2.12, 1.41)
d. (3, 2.12, -1.41)

32. How is the image on a CRT display created?

a. By firing electrons from the front of the screen towards the back of the tube of phosphorus
b. By firing electrons from the back of the tube of phosphorus towards the front of the screen
c. By projecting light from a bulb onto the back of the screen
d. By using a combination of magnets and electricity to create the image

33. Which anomaly in perspective projection causes the size of an object to decrease as its distance from
the center of projection increases?
a. Perspective foreshortening
b. Vanishing point
c. Distortion of lines
d. Optical illusion

34. Which of these statements are correct?

The Bresenham algorithm for rasterizing lines is optimized relative to the DDA algorithm in that
I. It avoids run off operation.
II. It is incremental.
III. It uses only integer arithmetic.
IV. All straight lines can be displayed as exact.

a. I and II only
b. I and III only
c. I, II and III only
d. I. II, III and IV

35. Which function in GLUT is used to initialize the GLUT library and negotiate a session with the
window system?
a. glutMainLoop()
b. glutInit()
c. glutDisplayFunc()
d. glutCreateWindow()

36. What role do geometric transformations play in generating images of three-dimensional objects?
a. Controlling surface texture
b. Adjusting light reflection
c. Changing the color composition
d. Expressing the location of objects relative to others

37. Which factor affects the quality of a picture on a display device?

a. The size of the display device
b. The color gamut of the display device
c. The refresh rate of the display device
d. The density of pixels on the display device
38. What role do texture coordinates play in texture mapping?
a. They define the shape of the textured object.
b. They determine the intensity of each texel in the texture.
c. They specify how the texture is mapped onto the surface of a 3D object.
d. They control the lighting effects on the textured surface.

39. What is the aspect ratio of the raster system having a resolution of 1280 pixels by 1024 pixels?
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 a. 5:4 LNUGS-UMAT SRID
b. 4:5
c. 3:4
d. 4:3

40. A frame buffer stores color information using 16 bits per pixel (bpp) and has a resolution of 640
pixels by 480 pixels. How much storage is required in kilobytes (KB)?
a. 300 KB
b. 375 KB
c. 450 KB
d. 525 KB
SECTION B
Please answer question ONE and any other question in this section in the provided ANSWER
BOOKLET. Each question carries 10 marks.

1. a. Briefly explain the geometric based method of modeling according to your understanding and tell
the differences between geometric based method and image-based method [4 marks]
b. With aid of diagram, explain the operating characteristics for the video display systems based on
the CRT technology? [4 marks]
e. Write down a snippet of code in OpenGL to draw a square in 2D, the window should be have a
white background and primitive square should be a blue color [2 marks]

2. a. Differentiate between the following terms

i. Screen Resolution and Display Resolution
ii. Interlaced scanning and non-interlaced scanning
iii. Beam penetration method and shadow mask method [3 mark]
b. Give the description of the following line drawing algorithm
i. DDA algorithm
ii Bresenham algorithm [4 marks]
c. Assuming two endpoints P1(30,20), P2(40,27), calculate the intermediate points by
using DDA line algorithm and plot the graph. [1.5 marks]
d.Given two endpoints positions as P1(20,10)，P2(30,18). Calculate the intermediate
pixel positions by using Bresenham line algorithm and plot the graph [1.5 marks]

3. a. Suppose RGB raster system is to be designed using on 8 inch x 10 inch screen with a resolution of
100 pixels per inch in each direction. If we want to store 6 bits per pixel in the frame buffer, how much
storage in bytes) do we need for frame buffer? [2 marks]
b . How much time is spent scanning across each column of pixels during screen refresh on a raster
system with resolution of 800 X 600 and a refresh rate of 29 frames per second? [2 marks]
c. With diagram, briefly explain the graphic rendering pipeline? [2 marks]

d. Perform a 450 rotation of a triangle A(0,0),B(1,1),C(5,2) about the origin [2 marks]

LNUGS-UMAT SRID
Examiner: Ezekiel Mensah Martey (PhD)

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