1 Basic Exercise

(A) REFLECTION AT PLANE SURFACE: (A) 5, 10, 15 (B) 5, 15, 30

1. Find the angle of deviation (both clockwise and
(C) 5, 25, 35 (D) 5, 15, 25
anticlockwise) suffered by a ray incident on a plane
mirror, at an angle of incidence 30º. 6. Two mirrors labelled L1 for left mirror and L2 for
right mirror in the figure are parallel to each other
and 3.0 m apart . A person standing 1.0 m from
the right mirror (L2) looks into this mirror and sees
a series of images. The second nearest image seen
in the right mirror is situated at a distance :

2. Figure shows a plane mirror onto which a light

ray is incident. If the incident light ray is turned
by 10º and the mirror by 20º, as shown, find the
angle turned by the reflected ray.

(A) 2.0 m from the person

(B) 4.0 m from the person
(C) 6.0 m from the person
(D) 8.0 m from the person
7. Two plane mirrors are inclined to one another at
3. Figure shows a cubical room ABCD with the wall
an angle of 40°. A point object is placed in between
CD as a plane mirror. Each side of the room is 3
them, The number of images formed due to
m. We place a camera at the midpoint of the wall
reflection at both mirrors is-
AB. At what distance should the camera be
focussed to photograph an object placed at A (A) Infinite (B) 9
(C) 8 (D) 6
(A) 1.5 m 8. An object is placed symmetrically between the two
(B) 3 m plane mirror inclined at an angle of 30°, then the
total number of images formed, is-
(C) 6 m
(A) 12 (B) 2
(D) 6.18 m
4. A man 160 cm, height stands in front of a plane (C) 11 (D) infinite
mirror. His eyes are at a height of 150 cm, from 9. An object moves with 5 m/s towards right while
the floor. Then the minimum length of the plane the mirror moves with 1m/s towards the left as
mirror for him to see his full length image is-
shown. Find the velocity of image.
(A) 85 cm (B) 170 cm 10. A plane mirror is approaching you at 10 cm per
(C) 80 cm (C) 340 cm second. You can see your image in it. At what
5. Two plane mirrors parallel to each other and an speed will your image approach you-
object O placed between them. Then the distance (A) 10 cm/s (B) 5 cm/s
of the first three images from the mirror M2 will (C) 20 cm/s (D) 15 cm/s
be (in cm)-

(B) REFLECTION AT CURVED SURFACE:

1. A small candle, 2.5 cm in size is placed at 27 cm
in front of a concave mirror of radius of curvature
O
5cm
36 cm. At what distance from the mirror should a
screen be placed in order to obtain a sharp image?
Describe the nature and size of the image. If the
M1 M2
candle is moved closer to the mirror, how would
15 cm
the screen have to be moved? (NCERT)
2. A 4.5 cm needle is placed 12 cm away from a his face. If the face is at a distance 20 cm then
convex mirror of focal length 15 cm. Give the find the nature of radius of curvature of the
location of the image and the magnification. mirror.
Describe what happens as the needle is moved 9. A spherical mirror forms an erect image three times
farther from the mirror. (NCERT) the linear size of the object. If the distance between
3. Converging rays are incident on a convex the object and the image is 80 cm, the focal length
of the mirror is-
spherical mirror so that their extensions intersect
30 cm behind the mirror on the optical axis. (A) 15 cm (B) -15 cm
The reflected rays form a diverging beam so (C) 30 cm (D) 40 cm
that their extensions intersect the optical axis 10. The focal length of a concave mirror is 20cm.
1.2 m from the mirror. Determine the focal length Determine where an object must be placed to form
of the mirror. an image magnified two times when the image is
(a) real (b) vitual
4. Figure shows a spherical concave mirror with its
pole at (0, 0) and principle axis along x axis. There 11. An image of a candle on a screen is found to be
is a point object at (–40 cm, 1cm), find t h e double its size. When the candle is shifted by a
position of image. distance 5 cm then the image become triple its
size. Find the nature and ROC of the mirror.
12. A concave mirror forms on a screen a real image
of twice the linear dimensions of the object. Object
and screen are then moved until the image is three
times the size of the object. If the shift of the screen
is 25cm, then the focal length of the mirror is -
(A) 5 cm (B) 16.66 cm
(C) 25 cm (D) 37.5 cm
5. An extended object is placed perpendicular to 13. A point object is moving on the principal axis of a
the principle axis of a concave mirror of radius concave mirror of focal length 24cm, towards the
of curvature 20 cm at a distance of 15 cm from mirror. When it is at a distance of 60 cm from the
pole. Find the lateral magnification produced. mirror, its velocity is 9cm/sec. What is the velocity
6. A U-shaped wire is placed before a concave mirror of the image at that instant -
having radius of curvature 20 cm as shown in (A) 5 cm/sec towards the mirrors
figure. Find the total length of the image. (B) 4 cm/sec towards the mirrors
(C) 4 cm/sec away from mirror
// //

D
//////

A
(D) 9 cm/sec away from mirror
///

2cm
/////////////////

C B
(C) REFRACTION AT PLANE SURFACES:
1. The refractive index of water, glass and diamond
//// /

5cm 15cm
/

are 1.33, 1.50 and 2.40 respectively. The relative

7. A square ABCD of side 1mm is kept at distance index of refraction of diamond relative to water
15 cm in front of the concave mirror as shown in and of glass relative to diamond respectively are
the figure. The focal length of the mirror is 10 cm. nearly -
The length of the perimeter of its image will be : (A) 1.80, 0.625 (B) 0.554, 0.625
(C) 1.80, 1.6 (D) 0.554, 1.6
2. Two beams of light are incident normally on water

   4 / 3 . If one of the beams passes through a

glass    3 / 2  slab of height 'h' has shown in
(A) 8 mm (B) 2 mm
(C) 12 mm (D) 6 mm the figure, the time difference for both the beams
8. A person looks into a spherical mirror. The size for reaching the bottom is (C is velocity of light is
of image of his face is twice the actual size of vacuum)
 h
Glass

h
(A) Zero (B) 3 C
3  1
(A) sin–1   (B) sin–1  8 
h  4  
6h
(C) (D) 6 C
C 1  1
(C) sin–1   (D) sin–1  
4 3
3. Find the speed of light in medium ‘a’ if speed of
8. In the figure shown the angle made by the light
c ray with the normal in the medium of refractive
light in medium ‘b’ is where c = speed of light
3 45º
index 2 is
in vacuum and light refracts from medium ‘a’ to
n1=1
medium ‘b’ making 45º and 60º respectively with (A) 30º
n2 = 3
the normal. (B) 60ºC
0
n3 = 2
4. Light of wavelength 4500 A in air is incident on a (C) 90 º n4 = 2
plane boundary between air and another medium (D) None of these n5 = 1.6

at an angle 30o with the plane boundary. As it 9. See the figure

enters from air into the other medium, it deviates
by 15o towards the normal. Find refractive index
of the medium and also the wavelength of given
light in the medium.

i
o
30 Air
Other
r 1 50 medium

5. A ray of light incidents at an angle of incidence (i) Find apparent height of the bird
600 on a refracting surface. If the reflected and
(ii) Find apparent depth of fish
refracted rays are perpendicular to each other, the
refractive index of the medium is (iii) At what distance will the bird appear to the fish.
(iv) At what distance will the fish appear to the bird
3
(A) 3 (B) 10. An under water swimmer is at a depth of 12 m
2
below the surface of water. A bird is at a height of
(C) 2 3 (D) 18 m from the surface of water, directly above his
2
eyes. For the swimmer the bird appears to be a
6. A ray of light passes from vacuum into a medium distance from the surface of water equal to
of refractive index n. If the angle of incidence is   W  4 / 3
twice the angle of refraction, then the angle of (A) 24 m (B) 12 m
incidence is:
(C) 36 m (D) 18 m
(A) cos–1(n/2) (B) sin–1(n/2)
11. A fish is at a depth of 12 cm in water is viewed by
(C) 2 cos–1 (n/2) (D) 2 sin–1 (n/2) an observer on the bank of a lake. To what height
7. A light beam is traveling from Region I to Region the image of the fish is raised   w  4 / 3 
IV (Refer Figure). The refractive index in Regions (A) 9 cm (B) 12 cm
n0 n 0 n0 (C) 16 cm (D) 3 cm
I, II, III and IV are n0, , and , respec-
2 6 8 12. An air bubble in a glass slab ( = 1.5) is 6 cm
tively. The angle of incidence  for which the beam deep as viewed from one face and 4cm deep as
just misses entering Region IV is [JEE' 2008] viewed from the other face. The thickness of the
Figure glass slab is -
(A) 6.67 cm (B) 10 cm
(C) 15 cm (D) data is incomplete
13. A small air bubble is trapped inside a transparent (A) 1.3 (B) 1.4
cube of size 12 cm. When viewed from one of the (C) 1.5 (D) 1.6
vertical faces, the bubble appears to be at 5 cm 4. What should be the value of angle  so that light
from it. When viewed from opposite face, it entering normally through the surface AC of a
prism (n=3/2) does not cross the second refract-
appears at 3 cm from it.
ing surface AB.
(A) The distance of the air bubble from the first
face is 7.5 cm.
(B) The distance of the air bubble from the first
face is 9 cm.
(C) Refractive index of the material of the prism
is 2.0.
(D) Refractive index of the material of the prism
is 1.5. 5. Light is incident normally on face AB of a prism
14. A layer of oil 3 cm thick is floating on a layer of as shown in figure. A liquid of refractive index 
coloured water 5 cm thick. The refractive index is placed on face AC of the prism. The prism is
of the coloured water is 5/3 and the apparent depth made of glass of refractive index 3/2. The limits
of the two liquids is 36/7cm. Then the refractive of  for which total internal reflection takes place
index of the oil is,
on face AC is
7 5
(A) (B)
4 4 Liquid
A 600 C
7 5 300
(C) (D)
5 3 > 900

15. Locate the image of the point P as seen by the eye B

in the figure.
6. A triangular glass wedge is lowered into water (
= 4/3). The refractive index of glass is
µg = 1.5. At what angle  will the beam of light
normally incident on AB reach AC entirely?

(D) TIR:
1. Find the max. angle that can be made in glass me-
dium ( = 1.5) if a light ray is refracted from glass
to vacuum. 7. A point source is placed at a depth h below the
2. When a ray of light enters from one medium to surface of water (refractive index = µ).The
another then its velocity in second medium medium above the sur face of water is air
becomes doubled. The maximum value of angle (µ =1).Find the area on the surface of water
of incidence so that total internal reflection may through which light comes in air from water.
not take place will be 8. A point source of light is placed 4m below the
(A) 600 (B) 900 5
0 surface of water = . The minimum diameter
(C) 30 (D) 1800 3
3. A ray of light travelling in a transparent medium of a disc, which should be placed over the source,
falls on a surface separating the medium from air on the surface of water to cut off all light coming
at an angle of incidence 450. The ray undergoes out of water, is -
total internal reflection. If  is the refractive in- (A) 1 m (B) 6 m
dex of the medium with respect to air, select the (C) 4m (D) 3m
possible value(s) of  from the following
(E) PRISM: (A) 2 sin A (B) 2 cos A
1. A prism (n = 2) of apex angle 90° is placed in air (C) (1/2) cos A (D) tan A
(n = 1). What should be the angle of incidence so 8. Find the angle of deviation suffered by the light
that light ray strikes the second surface at an angle ray shown in figure for following two condition
of 60º. The refractive index for the prism material is
2. A prism has a refracting angle of 600. When placed µ = 3/2.
in the position of minimum deviation, it produces
a deviation of 300. Then find (a)the angle of
incidence (b) the refractive index of the material
of the prism (c)the angle of deviation at each face
(d) the angle of refraction
(i) When the prism is placed in air ( = 1)
3. Refracting angle of a prism A = 60º and its refrac-
(ii) When the prism is placed in water ( = 4/3)
tive index is, n = 3/2, what is the angle of inci-
dence i to get minimum deviation. Also find the
minimum deviation. Assume the surrounding me- (F) DISPERSION OF LIGHT:
dium to be air (n = 1). 1. Critical angle of light passing from glass to air is
minimum for
4. Angle of minimum deviation for a prism of
refractive index 1.5, is equal to the angle of the (A) red (B) green
prism. Then the angle of the prism is (Given cos (C) yellow (D) violet
410 = 0.75) 2. A plane glass slab is placed over various coloured
(A) 620 (B) 410 letters. The letter which appears to be raised the
least is:
(C) 820 (D) 310
(A) violet (B) yellow
5. In the diagram, a prism of angle 30º is used. A ray
(C) red (D) green
PQ is incident as shown. An emergent ray RS
3. A medium has nv = 1.56, nr = 1.44. Then its
emerges perpendicular to the second face. The
dispersive power is:
angle of deviation is :
(A) 3/50 (B) 6/25
A (C) 0.03 (D) none of these
4. All the listed things below are made of flint glass.
)

30º Which one of these have greatest dispersive power

S
Q R ().
(A) prism (B) glass slab
)

1 2 (C) biconvex lens (D) all have same 

30º
P
5. A certain material has refractive indices 1.56, 1.60
B C and 1.68 for red, yellow and violet light
respectively. (a) Calculate the dispersive power.
(A) 0º (B) 60º (b) Find the angular dispersion produced by a thin
(C) 30º (D) 45º prism of angle 6° made of this material.
6. One of the refracting surface of a prism of angle 6. Light of wavelength 4000 Å is incident at small
300 is silvered. A ray of light incident at an angle angle on a prism of apex angle 4º. The prism has
of 600 retraces its path. What is the refractive in- nv = 1.5 & nr = 1.48. The angle of dispersion
dex of the material of prism produced by the prism in this light is:
(A) 0.2º (B) 0.08º
A=300 (C) 0.192º (D) none of these
7. If two prisms are combined, as shown in figure,
find the total angular dispersion and angle of
>

600 deviation suffered by a white ray of light incident

>

on the combination.
7. Angle of a prism is A and its one surface is silvered.
Light rays falling at an angle of incidence of 2A
on first surface return back through the same path
after suffering reflection at the second silvered
surface. Refractive index of the material is :
8. Two thin prisms are combined to form an achro- 3. An air bubble in glass (  1.5) is situated at a
matic combination. For I prism A = 4º, R = 1.35, distance 3 cm from a convex surface of diameter
Y = 1.40, v = 1.42. for II prism ’R= 1.7, ’Y = 10 cm . At what distance from
1.8 and ’V = 1.9 find the prism angle of II prism the surface will the bubble appear ?
and the net mean derivation. 4. One end of a cylindrical glass (  1.5) is given
9. A flint glass prism and a crown glass prism are to the shape of a concave refracting surface of radius
be combined in such a way that the deviation of
10 cm. An air bubble is situated in the glass rod at
the mean ray is zero. The refractive index of flint
and crown glasses for the mean ray are 1.620 and a point on its axis such that it appears to be at
1.518 respectively. If the refracting angle of the distance 10 cm from the surface and inside glass
flint prism is 6.0°, what would be the refracting when seen from the other medium. Find the actual
angle of crown prism? location of air bubble.
10. The refractive indices of the crown glass for
blue and red lights are 1.51 & 1.49 respectively

>
and those of the flint glass are 1.77 & 1.73 A
  1.5  1
respectively. An isosceles prism of angle 6º is made
>
of crown glass. A beam of white light is incident
C O I P
at a small angle on this prism. The other flint glass
isosceles prism is combined with the crown glass
prism such that there is no deviation of the incident 3 cm
light. Determine the angle of the flint glass prism. 5 cm
Calculate the net dispersion of the combined
system.
11. A beam of light consisting of red, green and blue (H) LENS MAKER FORMULA:
colours is incident on a right-angled prism. The 1. Find the focal length of the lens shown in the
refractive indices of the material of the prism for figure.
the above red, green and blue wavelengths are
1.39, 1.44 and 1.47 respectively. The prism will :

45°

(A) separate part of the red colour from the green

and blue colours 2. Find the focal length of the lens shown in figure
(B) separate part of the blue colour from the red
and green colours
(C) separate all the three colour from one another
(D) not separate even partially any colour from
the other two colours
3. What is the refractive index of material of a plano-
(G) REFRACTION AT CURVED SURFACES: convex lens, if the radius of curvature of the
1. A ray incident at a point at an angle of incidence convex surface is 10 cm and focal length of the
of 60º enters glass sphere of  = 3 and it is lens is 30 cm?
reflected and refracted at the farther surface of 4. A concave lens of glass, refractive index 1.5, has
the sphere. The angle between reflected and both surfaces of same radius of curvature R. If
refracted rays at this surface is: lens is immersed in a medium of refractive index
(A) 50º (B) 90º 1.75 then find its focal length and nature.
(C) 60º (D) 40º 5. Lenses are constructed by a material of refractive
2. A mark on the surface of a glass sphere (  1.5) is index 1.50. The magnitude of the radii of curvature
viewed from a diametrically opposite position. It are 20 cm and 30 cm. Find the focal lengths of the
possible lenses with the above specifications.
appears to be at a distance 10 cm from its actual
position. Find the radius of sphere.
6. Find the focal length of lens shown in the figure. the object is moved further away from the lens?
Solve for three cases ns = 1.5, ns = 2.0, ns = 2.5. (NCERT)
n=2 5. The magnification of an object placed in front of a
ns ns convex lens of focal length 20 cm is +2. To obtain
a magnification of –2, the object will have to be
R.O.C.=40cm moved a distance equal to
R.O.C. =60cm 6. A lens placed between a candle and a screen
7. A concave lens of glass, refractive index 1.5, has forms a real triply magnified image of the candle
both surfaces of same radius of curvature R. On on the screen. When the lens is moved away from
immersion in a medium of refractive index 1.75, the candle by 0.8 m without changing the position
it will behave as a [ JEE ’99, 2/100 ] of the candle, a real image one-third the size of
(A) convergent lens of focal length 3.5R the candle is formed on the screen. Determine the
(B) convergent lens of focal length 3.0 R. focal length of the lens.
(C) divergent lens of focal length 3.5 R 7. A 5.0 diopter lens forms a virtual image which is 4
(D) divergent lens of focal length 3.0 R times the object placed perpendicularly on the
principal axis of the lens. Find the distance of the
8. The power of convex lens = 3/2) in air is +6D.
object from the lens.
The power of the lens in water (= 4/3) is -
8. A thin linear object of size 1 mm is kept along the
(A) –6D (B) +4D principal axis of a convex lens of focal length 10
(C) +1.5D (D) –2D cm. The object is at 15 cm from the lens. The
9. An equiconvex lens of refractive index 1.6 has length of the image is:
power 4D in air. Its power in water is : (A) 1 mm (B) 4 mm
(A) 1.33 D (B) 2.0 D (C) 2 mm (D) 8 mm
(C) 2.7 D (D) 3.2 D 9. The diameter of the sun is 1.4 × 109 m and its
distance from the earth is 1.5 × 1011 m. Find the
(I) LENSES: diameter of the image of the sun formed by a lens
1. An extended real object of size 2 cm is placed of focal length 40 cm.
perpendicular to the principal axis of a
converging lens of focal length 20 cm. The
(J) COMBINATION OF LENSES:
1. A convex lens of focal length 10 cm is painted
distance between the object and the lens is 30
black at the middle portion as shown in Fig. An
cm. object is placed at a distance of 20 cm from the
(i) Find the lateral magnification produced by lens.
the lens.
(ii) Find the height of the image.
(iii) Find the change in lateral magnification, if
the object is brought closer to the lens by 1
mm along the principal axis.
2. An object of height 6 cm is set at right angles to Then,
the optical axis of a double convex lens of optical (A) only one image will be formed by the lens
power 5 D & 25 cm away from the lens. Determine (B) the distance between the two images formed
the focal length of the lens, the position of the by such a lens is 6 mm
image, the linear magnification of the lens, and
(C) the distance between the images is 4 mm
the height of the image formed by it.
(D) the distance between the images is 2 mm
3. A beam of light converges at a point P. Now a lens
2. A thin convex lens of focal length 10 cm and a
is placed in the path of the convergent beam 12
thin concave lens of focal length 26.2 cm are in
cm from P. At what point does the beam converge contact. The combination acts as
if the lens is (a) a convex lens of focal length 20
(A) Concave lens of focal length 16.4 cm
cm, and (b) a concave lens of focal length 16 cm?
(B) Convex lens of focal length 16.2 cm
(NCERT)
4. An object of size 3.0 cm is placed 14 cm in front (C) Concave or convex lens depends upon  of
of a concave lens of focal length 21 cm. Describe material of lenses
the image produced by the lens. What happens if (D) None of the above
3. A lens of power +2 diopters is placed in contact (A) 60 cm to the left of the system.
with a lens of power – 1 diopter. The combination
(B) 60 cm to the right of the system.
will behave like
(C) 12 cm to the left of the system.
(A) a convergent lens of focal length 50 cm
(B) a divergent lens of focal length 100 cm (D) 12 cm to the right of the system.

(C) a convergent lens of focal length 100 cm 8. The focal length of a plano-concave lens is  10
cm, then its focal length when its plane surface is
(D) a convergent lens of focal length 200 cm polished is:
4. The given lens is broken into four parts rearranged
(A) 20 cm (B)  5 cm
as shown. If the initial focal length is f, then after
rearrangement the equivalent focal length is (C) 5 cm (D) none of these
9. Four identical lenses are kept one beside the other
on the same optical axis as shown in the figure.
The right surface of rightmost lens is silvered.
Focal length of each lens is 20 cm and radius of
the silvered surface is 20 cm. The focal length of
the combined system is
(A) f (B) f/2
(C) f/4 (D) 4f
5. A thin equiconvex lens of focal length 10 cm is
cut and separated and a material of refractive index
3 is filled between them. What is the focal length (A) 2 cm (B) -2 cm
of the combination? (  L  1.5) (C) 5 cm (D) -5 cm.
10. A thin equivconvex lens has focal length 10cm
(A) –10cm and refractive index 1.5. One of its faces is now
(B) –10/4 cm silvered and for an object placed at a distance u in
(C) –10/3 cm front of it, the image coincides with the object.
(D) None of these The value of u is -
6. Two plano-convex lenses each of focal length 10 (A) 10cm (B) 5cm
3
cm & refractive index are placed as shown. In (C) 20cm (D) 15cm
2
 4
the space left, water  R. I.  is filled. The whole
3 (K) EYE DEFECTS AND CORRECTION:
arrangement is in air. The optical power of the 1. A long sighted. person has a minimum distance of
system is (in diopters): distinct vision of 50 cm. He wants to reduce it to
25 cm. He should use a
(A) Concave lens of focal length 50 cm
(B) Convex lens of focal length 25 cm

(A) 6.67 (B) - 6.67 (C) Convex lens of focal lenth 50 cm

(C) 33.3 (D) 20 (D) Concave lens of focal length 25 cm
7. A point object is placed at distance of 20 cm from
a thin planoconvex lens of focal length 15 cm. 2. A person wears glasses of power –2.0 D. The
The plane surface of the lens is now silvered. The defect of the eye and the far point of the person
image created by the system is at : without the glasses will be
[ JEE 2006, 3 /184 ] (A) nearsighted, 50 cm
(B) farsighted, 50 cm
(C) nearsighted, 250 cm
(D) astigmatism, 50 cm
(L) OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS: 5. What should be the distance between the object
1. If the focal length of a magnifier is 5 cm calculate and the magnifying glass in above example if the
(a) the power of the lens virtual image of each square in the figure is to
(b) the magnifying power of the lens for relaxed have an area of 6.25 mm2. Would you be able to
and strained eye. see the squares distinctly with your eyes very close
2. A man with normal near point (25 cm) reads a to the magnifier? (NCERT)
book with small print using a magnifying glass, a 6. A small telescope has an objective lens of focal
thin convex lens of focal length 5 cm. length 144 cm and an eyepiece of focal length
(a) What is the closest and farthest distance at 6.0 cm. What is the magnifying power of the
which he can read the book when viewing
telescope (in case of normal adjustment)? What
through the magnifying glass?
is the separation between the objective and the
(b) What is the maximum and minimum
eyepiece? (NCERT)
magnifying power possible using the above
simple microscope? 7. If an astronomical telescope has objective and eye-
3. A card sheet divided into squares each of size 1 pieces of focal lengths 200 cm and 4 cm
mm2 is being viewed at a distance of 9 cm through respectively, then find the (i) magnifying power
of the telescope for the normal vision (ii) the length
a magnifying glass (a converging lens of focal
of the telescope for distinct vision (iii) the length
length 10 cm) held close to the eye. of the telescope for normal vision (iv) the
(a) What is the magnification produced by the magnifying power of the telescope for distinct
lens? How much is the area of each square in the vision
virtual image?
8. (a) A giant refracting telescope at an observatory
(b) What is the angular magnification has an objective lens of focal length 15 m. If
(magnifying power) of the lens? an eyepiece of focal length 1.0 cm is used,
(c) Is the magnification in (a) equal to the what is the angular magnification of the
magnifying power in (b)? Explain. (NCERT) telescope?
4. (a) At what distance should the lens be held from (b) If this telescope is used to view the moon,
the figure in above example in order to view the what is the diameter of the image of the moon
squares distinctly with the maximum possible formed by the objective lens? The diameter
magnifying power? of the moon is 3.48 × 106 m, and the radius of
lunar orbit is 3.8 × 108 m. (NCERT)
(b) What is the magnification in this case?
(c) Is the magnification equal to the magnifying 9. A compound microscope consists of an objective
power in this case? Explain. (NCERT) lens with focal length 1.0 cm and eye piece of focal
length 2.0 cm and a tube length 20 cm the
magnification will be
(A) 100 (B) 200
(C) 250 (D) 300
 2 JEE ADVANCE LEVEL
(A) REFLECTION AT PLANE SURFACE: (A) 1.5m (B) 1.0m
1. Sun rays are incident at an angle of 24° to the (C) 0.8m (D) 0.6m
horizon. How can they be directed parallel to the 9. A person is standing in a room of width 200 cm. A
horizon using a plane mirror? plane mirror of vertical length 10 cm is fixed on a
2. Two plane mirrors are inclined to each other at an wall in front of the person. The person looks into
angle 600 . If a ray of light incident on the first the mirror from distance 50 cm. How much width
mirror is parallel to the second mirror, it is re- (height) of the wall behind him will he be able to
flected from the second mirror see: (assume that he uses the full mirror)
(A) 30 cm (B) 40 cm
(A) Perpendicular to the first mirror
(C) 50 cm (D) none of these
(B) Parallel to the first mirror
10. The average size of an Indian face is 24 × 16 cm2.
(C) Parallel to the second mirror
Find the minimum size of a plane mirror required
(D) Perpendicular to the second mirror
to see the face completely by:
3. Two plane mirrors are placed at an angle  so
(i) one eyed man
that a ray parallel to one mirror gets reflected
(ii) two eyed man. (Distance between eyes is = 4 cm)
parallel to the second mirror after two consecutive
11. A point object is 10 cm away from a plane mirror
reflections. Find the value of  .
while the eye of an observer (pupil diameter 5.0
4. A light ray is incident on a plane mirror, which
after getting reflected strikes another plane mirror, mm) is 20 cm away. Assuming both the eye and
as shown in figure. The angle between the two point to be on the same line perpendicular to the
mirrors is 60º. Find the angle ‘’ shown in figure. mirror, the area of the mirror used in observing
the reflection of the point is_____.
12 A point source of light B is placed at a distance L
in front of the centre of a mirror of width d hung
vertically on a wall. A man walks in front of the
mirror along a line parallel to the mirror at a
distance 2L from it as shown. The greatest distance
over which he can see the image of the light source
5. Two mirrors are inclined at an angle  as shown in the mirror is
in the figure. Light ray is incident parallel to one
of the mirrors. The ray will start retracing its path
after third reflection if :

(A)  = 45°
(B)  = 30°
(C)  = 60° (A) d/2 (B) d
(D) all three (C) 2d (D) 3d
6. An object placed infront of a plane mirror is dis- 13. Two plane mirrors are placed as shown in the
placed by 0.4 m along a straight line at an angle of figure
300 to the mirror plane. The change in the distance
between the object and its image is _____
7. A man of height 170 cm wants to see his complete image
in a plane mirror (while standing) . His eyes are at a
height of 160 cm from the ground .
(A) Minimum length of the mirror = 80 cm
(B) Minimum length of the mirror = 85 cm
(C) Bottom of the mirror should be at a height 80 cm
(D) Bottom of the mirror should be at a height 85 cm
8. A person’s eye is at a height of 1.5 m. He stands in (a) How many images will be formed.
front of a 0.3m long plane mirror which is 0.8 m (b) Find the position(s) of image(s).
above the ground. The length of the image he sees (c) Will the incident ray passing through (1, 1.25)
of himself is: take part in image formation.
14. A point source of light S is placed in front of two x- axis is normal to the mirror. The amplitude of
the mirror is such that the object is always infront
large mirrors as shown. of the mirror. The amplitude of SHM of the image
is
(A) zero (B) 2 cm
(C) 4 cm (D) 1 cm
18. A ray reflected successively from two plane
mirrors inclined at a certain angle (< 90°)
undergoes a deviation of 300°. The number of
images observable are:
Which of the following observers will see only one (A) 10 (B) 11
image of S ? (C) 12 (D) 14
19. An object and a plane mirror are as shown in
(A) only A (B) only C figure. Mirror is moved with velocity V as shown.
The velocity of image is :
(C) Both A and C (D) Both B and C
Object (fixed) V
15. As shown in the figure a particle is placed at O
in front of a plane mirror M.A man at P can move 
//////////////////////////
along path PY and PY’ then which of the follow- Mirror
ing is true? (A) 2 V sinq (B) 2 V
(C) 2V cosq (D) none of these
20. In the situation shown in figure ,find the velocity
of image.

(A) For all points on PY man can see the image

of O
(B) For all points on PY’ man can see the image, 21. A point object infront of a plane mirror has veloc-
but for no point on PY he can see the image ity  2 î  3 ĵ  4k̂ and the mirror has velocity
of O
(C) For all points on PY’ he can see the image but on 3 î  2 ĵ  4k̂ . The x-axis is along the normal of the
PY he can see the image only upto distance d. plane mirror. Find the velocity of the image.
(D) He can see the image only upto a distance d 22. A plane mirr or is moving with velocity
on either side of P. 4 î  5 ĵ  8 k̂ . A point object in front of the
16. An object is placed at (0, 0) and a plane mirror is
placed, inclined 30º with the x axis. mirror moves with a velocity 3 î  4 ĵ  5 k̂ .

Here k̂ is along the normal to the plane mirror and

facing towards the object. The velocity of the
image is:
(A)  3 î  4 ĵ  5 k̂ (B) 3 î  4 ˆj  11 k̂

(C)  3 î  4 ĵ  11 k̂ (D) 7 î  9 ĵ  11 k̂
(B) REFLECTION AT CURVED SURFACE:
1. Find the position of final image after three
(a) Find the position of image. successive reflections taking first reflection on m1
(b) If the object starts moving with velocity 1 î
m/s and the mirror is fixed find the velocity
of image.
17. A point object is kept in front of a plane mirror.
The plane mirror is doing SHM of amplitude 2
cm. The plane mirror moves along the x-axis and
2. Find the position of final image after three succes-
sive reflections taking first reflection on m1.

8. When an object is placed at a distance of 25 cm

from a mirror, the magnification is m1. The object
is moved 15 cm away with respect to the earlier
3. A concave mirror of focal length 20 cm is cut into m1
position, magnification becomes m2. If m = 4,
two parts from the middle and the two parts are 2

moved perpendicularly by a distance 1 mm from the focal length of the mirror is-
the previous principal axis AB. The distance (A) 10 cm (B) 30 cm
between the images formed by the two parts is: (C) 15 cm (D) 20 cm
9. Find the diameter of the image of the moon formed
by a spherical concave mirror of focal length 11.4
m. The diameter of the moon in 3450 km and the
distance between the earth and the moon is 3.8 ×
105 km.
10. An object is placed at a distance of 2f from a
concave mirror of focal length f. Light reflected
(A) 2 mm (B) 6 mm
from the mirror falls on a plane mirror. The
(C) 3 mm (D) 4 mm distance of the plane mirror from the concave
4. A point source S is moving with a speed of 10 m/ mirror equals f. The distance of the final image
s in x-y plane as shown in the figure. The radius (due to reflection at both concave and plane mirror)
of curvature of the concave mirror is 4m. Deter- from the concave mirror is -
mine the velocity vector of the image formed by (A) f (B) f/2
paraxial rays.
(C) 2f (D) zero
11. A converging beam of solar rays is incident on a
concave spherical mirror whose radius of
curvature is 0.8 m. Determine the position of the
point on the optical axis of the mirror where the
reflected rays intersect, if the extensions of the
5. A point object is placed on the principal axis at 60 incident rays intersect the optical axis 40 cm from
cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 40 the mirror’s pole.
cm on the principal axis. If the object is moved 12. An object is kept between a plane mirror and a
with a velocity of 10 cm/s (a) along the principal concave mirror facing each other. The distance
axis, find the velocity of image (b) perpendicular between the mirrors is 22.5 cm. The radius of
to the principal axis, find the velocity of image at curvature of the concave mirror is 20 cm. What
that moment. should be the distance of the object from the concave
6. A concave mirror of radius of curvature 20 cm mirror so that after two successive reflections the
forms image of the sun. The diameter of the sun final image is formed on the object itself: [Consider
first reflection from concave mirror]
subtends an angle 1º on the earth. Then the
(A) 5 cm (B) 15 cm
diameter of the image is (in cm):
(C) 10 cm (D) 7.5 cm
(A) 2 /9 (B) /9 13. In the figure shown find the total magnification
(C) 20 (D) /18 after two successive reflections first on M1 & then
7. Find the position of final image after three on M2
successive reflections taking first reflection on (A) + 1
m1. (B) – 2
(C) + 2
(D) – 1
14. The distance of an object from the focus of a con- 19.* In the figure shown consider the first reflection at
vex mirror of radius of curvature 'a' is 'b'. Then the plane mirror and second at the convex mirror.
the distance of the image from the focus is: AB is object.
(A) b2 / 4a (B) a / b2
(C) a2 / 4b (D) 4b / a2 velocity
15. An object is placed at a distance u from a concave A
. B
. C
.
mirror and its real image is received on a screen 10cm 10cm
120cm
placed at a distance of v from the mirror. If f is the 50cm
focal length of the mirror, then the graph between
1/v versus 1/u is (A) the second image is real, inverted of 1/5 th
magnification
(B) the second image is virtual and erect with
(A) (B) magnification 1/5
(C) the second image moves towards the convex
mirror
(D) the second image moves away from the
convex mirror.
20. A particle is moving towards a fixed spherical
mirror. The image:
(C) (D)
(A) must move away from the mirror
(B) must move towards the mirror
16. A real inverted image in a concave mirror is (C) may move towards the mirror
represented by (u, v, f are coordinates) (D) will move towards the mirror, only if the
mirror is convex.
21. A point object on the principal axis at a distance
(A) (B)
15 cm in front of a concave mirror of radius of
curvature 20 cm has velocity 2 mm/s perpendicular
to the principal axis. The velocity of image at that
instant will be:
(A) 2 mm/s (B) 4 mm/s
(C) (D) (C) 8 mm/s (D) 16 mm/s

(C) REFRACTION AT PLANE SURFACES:

1. A coin lies on the bottom of a lake 2m deep at a
17. A particle is moving towards a fixed convex mir- horizontal distance x from the spotlight (a source
of thin parallel beam of light) situated 1 m above
ror. The image also moves. If Vi = speed of image
and VO = speed of the object, then the surface of a liquid of refractive index = 2
(A) Vi < VO if |u| < |F| (B) Vi > VO if |u| > |F| and height 2m. Find x.
eye
0
(C) Vi < VO if |u| > |F| (D) Vi = VO if |u| = |F| 45
1m
18. A point object ' O ' is at the centre of curvature of
a concave mirror. The mirror starts to move with
speed u, in a direction perpendicular to the 2m
principal axis. Then the initial velocity of the
coin
image is: x
(A) 2 u, in the direction opposite to that of mirror's 2. A light ray falling at an angle of 60° with the
velocity surface of a clean slab of ice of thickness 1.00 m
(B) 2 u, in the direction same as that of mirror's is refracted into it at an angle of 15°. Calculate
the time taken by the light rays to cross the slab.
velocity
Speed of light in vacuum = 3 × 108 m/s.
(C) zero
(D) u, in the direction same as that of mirror's
velocity.
3. A ray of light is incident at an angle of 600 on a slab? At what angle will the ray emerge from the
 
3 cm thick plate   3 . The shift in the path
8.
slab?
A ray of light enters a rectangular glass slab of
of the ray as it emerges out from the plate is (in
cm) refractive index 3 at angle of incidence 60º. It
(A) 1 (B) 1.2 (C) 0.5 (D) 1.8 travels a distance of 5cm inside the slab and
emerges out of the slab. The perpendicular distance
4. A concave mirror is placed inside water with its
between the incident and the emergent rays is -
shining surface upwards and principal axis
5
vertical as shown. Rays are incident parallel to (A) 5 3 cm (B) cm
2
the principal axis of concave mirror. Find the
position of final image. 3
(C) 5 cm (D) 5cm
2
9. A small object is placed at the centre of the bottom
of a cylindrical vessel of radius 3 cm and height 4
cm filled completely with water. Consider the ray
leaving the vessel through a corner. Suppose this
ray and the ray along the axis of the vessel are
used to trace the image. Find the apparent depth
of the image. Refractive index of water = 4/3.
5. Consider the situation shown in figure. Water 10. A ray of light is incident on a parallel slab of
 4 thickness t and refractive index n. If the angle of
  w  3  is filled in a beaker upto a height of 10
incidence  is small, than the displacement in the
cm. A plane mirror is fixed at a height of 5 cm from incident and emergent ray will be:

the surface of water. Distance of image from the t  (n 1) t t n

(A) (B) (C) (D) none
mirror after reflection from it of an object O at the n n n 1
11. A diverging beam of light from a point source S
bottom of the beaker is–
having divergence angle , falls symmetrically on
a glass slab as shown. The angles of incidence of
the two extreme rays are equal. If the thickness of
the glass slab is t and the refractive index n, then
the divergence angle of the emergent beam is

(A) 15 cm (B) 12.5 cm

(C) 7.5 cm (D) 10 cm
6. A ray of light travelling in air is incident at grazing
(A) zero (B) 
angle on a slab with variable refractive index, 1
(C) sin (1/n) (D) 2sin1(1/n)
n (y) = [k y + 1] where k = 1 m 3/2 and follows
3/2 1/2
12. An observer can see through a pinhole the top end
path as shown. What is the total deviation of a thin rod of height h, placed as shown in the
produced by slab when the ray comes out. figure. The beaker height is 3h and its radius h.
y When the beaker is filled with a liquid up to a
air
height 2h, he can see the lower end of the rod.
1m Slab Then the refractive index of the liquid is:

x
5
air (A)
2
(A) 60º (B) 53º
(C) sin 1 (4/9) (D) no deviation at all 5
(B)
2
7. A light ray is incident at 45° on a glass slab. The
slab is 3 cm thick, and the refractive index of the 3 3
glass is 1.5. What will the lateral displacement of (C) (D)
2 2
the ray be as a result of its passage through the
13. A man is standing at the edge of a 1m deep depth of 0.2 m in a transparent liquid, the same
swimming pool, completely filled with a liquid of phenomenon occurs when the pin is placed 0.4 m
refractive index 3 / 2 . The eyes of the man are from the mirror. The refractive index of the liquid
is :
3 m above the ground. A coin located at the
bottom of the pool appears to be at an angle of
depression of 300 with reference to the eye of man.
Then horizontal distance (represented by x in the
figure) of the coin from the eye of the man is
____________ mm.

(A) 6/5 (B) 5/4

(C) 4/3 (D) 3/2
17. Given that, velocity of light in quartz = 1.5  108
m/s and velocity of light in glycerine = (9/4)  108
m/s. Now a slab made of quartz is placed in
14. A concave mirror is placed inside water with its
shining surface upwards and principal axis verti- glycerine as shown. What is the shift produced
cal as shown. Rays are incident parallel to the prin- by slab?
cipal axis of concave mirror. Find the position of
final image.

(A) 6 cm (B) 3.55 cm

(C) 9 cm (D) 2 cm
18. A mango tree is at the bank of a river and one of
the branch of tree extends over the river. A tortoise
lives in river. A mango falls just above the tortoise.
15. A plane mirror is placed at the bottom of a tank The acceleration of the mango falling from tree
appearing to the tortoise is (Refractive index of
containing a liquid of refractive index µ. P is a
water is 4/3 and the tortoise is stationary)
small object at a height h above the mirror. An
observer O–vertically above P, outside the liquid– 3g
(A) g (B)
sees P and its image in the mirror. The apparent 4
distance between these two will be :– 4g
(C) (D) None of these
3
19. An object lies in front of a thick parallel glass slab,
the bottom of which is polished. If the distance
between first two images formed by bottom sur-
face is 4cm then find the thickness of the slab.
[Assume nglass = 3/2 and paraxial rays ]
2h
(A) 2mh (B) (D) TIR:

1. A light ray travels from a denser medium to a rarer
2h  1 medium. If the critical angle of the denser medium
(C) (D) h 1   with respect to rarer medium is 'C', the maximum
 1  
possible deviation of any ray will be
16. When a pin is moved along the principal axis of 
a small concave mirror, the image position (A)   C (B) C
2
coincides with the object at a point 0.5 m from the
mirror, refer figure. If the mirror is placed at a (C) 2C (D)   2C
2. A rectangular glass slab ABCD, of refractive index 6. A light ray falls on a square glass slab on horizontal
n1, is immersed in water of refractive index n2(n1> face with incident angle 450. What must be the
n2). A ray of light is incident at the surface AB of refractive index of glass, if total internal reflection
the slab as shown. The maximum value of the occurs at the vertical face
angle of incidence max, such that the ray comes
out only from the other 3 3
(A) (B)
surface CD is given by 2 2
3
(C) (D) 2
2
7. A ray of light traveling in water is incident on its
surface open to air. The angle of incidence is ,
which is less than the critical angle. Then there
will be : [JEE - 2007]
 n1  1 n 2  (A) only a reflected ray and no refracted ray
(A) sin 1  n cos  sin 
n1 
 2  (B) only a refracted ray and no reflected ray
(C) a reflected ray and a refracted ray and the
  1 1  angle between them would be less than 180º
(B) sin 1 n1 cos  sin n  – 2
  2 
(D) a reflected ray and a refracted ray and the
n 
1 n 
2 angle between them would be greater than
(C) sin 1  n  (D) sin 1  n  180º – 2q.
 2  1
8. A ship is sailing in river. An observer is situated
3 at a depth h in water (w). If x >> h, find the
3. Light goes from glass (µ = ) to air. Find the
2
angle made from vertical, of the line of sight of
angle of incidence for which the angle of deviation ship.
is 90º.
4. The refractive index of the core of an optical fibre Air
is  2 and that of the cladding is 1 . The angle of (a)

incidence on the face of the core so that the light

Water h
ray just under goes total internal reflection at the (w)
cladding is Observer
x
1  1 
(A) sin    (B) sin 1
 2  12
2
 2
(E) PRISM:
(C) sin 1  2  1 (D) sin 1 12   2 2
1. For the case shown in figure prove the relations r´ –
5. A transparent solid cylindrical rod has a refractive r = A and  = | (i – e) + A | (do not try to remember
index of 2 / 3 . It is surrounded by air. A light
these relations because the prism is normally not used
ray is incident at the midpoint of one end of the
in this way).
rod as shown in the figure.

The incident angle  for which the light ray grazes

along the wall of the rod is
2. From the graph of angle of deviation  versus angle
 3
1  2 
1 of incidence i, find the prism angle
(A) sin  2  (B) sin  
   3

1  1  1  1 
(C) sin   (D) sin  
 3 2
3. The curve of angle of incidence versus angle of (a) Find the angle of incidence on the face AB
deviation shown has been plotted for prism. The
for minimum deviation from the prism ABC?
value of refractive index of the prism used is :
(b) Find the angle through which the prism DCE
(A) 3
should be rotated about the edge passing
(B) 2
through point C so that there should be mini-
3 2 mum deviation from the system?
(C) (D)
2 3 [ JEE Mains 2005]
7 10. A beam of monochromatic light is incident at i =
4. For a prism, A = 60º, n = . Find the minimum
3 500 on one face of an equilateral prism, the angle
possible angle of incidence, so that the light ray of emergence is 400, then the angle of minimum
is refracted from the second surface. Also find deviation is:
max . (A) 300 (B) < 300
5. Monochromatic light falls on a right-angled (C)  300 (D)  300
prism at an angle of incidence 45o. The emergent 11. The maximum refractive index of a material of a
light is found to slide along the face AC. Find prism of apex angle 900 for which light will be
transmitted is:
the refractive index of material of prism
(A) 3 (B) 1.5
A
(C) 2 (D) None of these
450
900
12. A prism having an apex angle of 40 and refractive
index of 1.50 is located in front of a vertical plane
B C
mirror as shown. A horizontal ray of light is
6. A ray of light passing through a prism having incident on the prism. The total angle through
which the ray is deviated is
  2 suffers minimum deviation. It is found
that the angle of incidence is double the angle of P
refraction within the prism. What is the angle of
prism.
7. The refractive index of the material of a prism of
refr acting angle 45º is 1.6 for a cer tain M
monochromatic ray. What would be the minimum
angle of incidence of this ray on the prism so that (A) 40 clockwise (B) 1780 clockwise
no total internal reflection takes place as the ray (C) 20 clockwise (D) 80 clockwise
comes out of the prism ?
(A) 15.1º (B) 5.1º (F) DISPERSION OF LIGHT:
(C) Is not possible (D) 10.14º
1. Three thin prisms are combined as shown in figure.
8. Ref. index of a prism (A = 60°) placed in air
The refractive indices of the crown glass for red,
(n = 1) is n = 1.5. Light ray is incident on this
yellow and violet rays are µr, µy and µv respectively
prism at an angle of 60º. Find the angle of
and those for the flint glass are µr, µy and µv
deviation. State whether this is a minimum
respectively. Find the ratio A /A for which
deviation.
Given :
1
sin–1 = 35º , sin–1 0.4 = 25º , sin–1 0.6 = 37º.
3
9. In the figure two triangular prisms are shown each
(a) there is no net angular dispersion, and
of refractive index 3.
(b) there is no net deviation in the yellow ray.
2. Two beams of red and violet colours are made to
pass separately through a prism (angle of the prism
is 60º). In the position of minimum deviation, the
angle of refraction will be [JEE' 2008_, 3/163]
 (A) 30º for both the colours 3. There is a small air bubble inside a glass sphere (µ
(B) greater for the violet colour = 1.5) of radius 5 cm. The bubble is at 'O' at 7.5
(C) greater for the red colour cm below the surface of the glass.The sphere is
(D) equal but not 30º for both the colours 4
placed inside water (µ = ) such that the top
3. An achromatic combination of lenses is formed 3
by joining : surface of glass is 10 cm below the surface of
(A) 2 convex lenses water. The bubble is viewed normally from air.
(B) 2 concave lenses Find the apparent depth of the bubble.
(C) 1 concave, 1 convex observer
(D) convex and plane mirror
4. Which one of the following spherical lenses does
not exhibit dispersion? The radii of curvature of 10cm
the surface of the lenses are as given in the
diagrams.
glass
C
(A) (B) water O

4. A point object lies inside a transparent solid sphere

of radius 20 cm and of refractive index n = 2. When
the object is viewed from air through the nearest
(C) (D) surface it is seen at a distance 5 cm from the
surface. Find the distance of object when it is seen
through the farthest curved surface.
5. A clear transparent glass sphere ( = 1.5) of radius
(G) REFRACTION AT CURVED SURFACES: R is immersed in liquid of refractive index 1.25.
1. A ray of light in air is incident on face AB of an A parallel beam of light incident on it will converge
irregular block made of material with refractive to a point. The distance of this point from the
centre will be -
index 2 , as shown in figure. The face CD oppo-
site to AB is a spherical surface of radius of cur- (A) –3R (B) +3R
vature 0.4 m. From this face the refracted ray en- (C) –R (D) +R
ters a medium of refractive index 1.514 and meets 6. An extended object of size 2 cm is placed at a
the axis PQ at point E. Deter mine the distance distance of 10 cm in air (n = 1) from pole, on the
principal axis of a spherical curved surface.The
OE correct to two decimal places.
medium on the other side of refracting surface has
refractive index n = 2. Find the position, nature
and size of image formed after single refraction
through the curved surface.

n=1 n=2
2cm

10cm

ROC =20cm
2. Find the position, size and nature of image, for
the situation shown in figure. Draw ray diagram 7. An object is placed 10 cm away from a glass piece
(n = 1.5) of length 20 cm bound by spherical
surfaces of radii of curvature 10 cm.Find the
position of final image formed after twice
refractions.
20cm
air air

B
object A n=1.5
ROC=10cm
10cm ROC =10cm
8. A small object Q of length 1 mm lies along the (B) Real image is formed only when x>R
principal axis of a spherical glass of radius R = 10 (C) Real image is formed due to the convex nature
cm and refractive index is 3/2. The object is seen of the interface irrespective of µ1 and µ 2
from air along the principal axis from left. The
(D) None of these
distance of object from the centre P is 5 cm. Find
the size of the image. Is it real, inverted? 13. Choose the correct statement(s) related to the
virtual image formed by object O placed at a
distance x, as shown in figure A
(A) Virtual image is formed for any position of O
if µ2 < µ1
(B) Virtual image can be formed if x > R and µ2
9. There is a small black dot at the centre C of a < µ1
solid glass sphere of refractive index . When seen
(C) Virtual image is formed if x < R and µ2 > µ1
from outside, the dot will appear to be located:
(D) None of these
(A) away from C for all values of 
14. Identify the correct statement(s) related to the
(B) at C for all values of 
formation of images of a real object O placed at
(C) at C for  = 1.5, but away from C for   1.5 x from the pole of the concave surface, as shown
in figure B
(D) at C only for 2  1.5.
(A) If µ2 > µ1, then virtual image is formed for any
10. A beam of diameter ‘ d ‘ is incident on a glass value of x
hemisphere as shown. If the radius of curvature
of the hemisphere is very large in comparison to (B) If µ2 < µ1, then virtual image is formed if x
d, then the diameter of the beam at the base of the µ1 R
hemisphere will be: < µ µ
1 2

3 (C) If µ2 < µ1, then real image is formed for any

(A) d
4 value of x
(B) d (D) None of these
15. (i) A paper weight of refractive index n = 3/2 in
d 2
(C) (D) d the form of a hemisphere of radius 3.0 cm is
3 3 used to hold down a printed page. An observer
11. A light ray is incident on a transparent sphere of looks at the page vertically through the
paperweight. At what height above the page
index= 2 , at an angle of incidence = 45° . What
will the printed letters near the centre appear
is the deviation of a tiny fraction of the ray , which to the observer?
enter s the sphere , undergoes two inter nal
(ii) Solve the previous problem if the paperweight
reflections and then refracts out into air ? is inverted at its place so that the spherical
(A) 270° (B) 240° surface touches the paper.
(C) 120° (D) 180° 16. A beam of light is incident on a spherical drop of
Question No.12 to 14 water at an angle i. Find the angle between the
incident ray & the emergent ray after one reflection
A curved surface of radius R separates two medium
from internal surface. Is this possible by total
of refractive indices µ1 and µ2 as shown in figures
internal reflection ?
A and B.

(H) LENSES:
1. Find the position of final image formed.

12. Choose the correct statement(s) related to the real

image formed by the object O placed at a distance
x, as shown in figure A.
(A) Real image is always formed irrespective of
the position of object if µ2 > µ 1
2. What should be the value of d so that image is
formed on the object itself.

8. Two thin converging lenses are placed on a

common axis, so that the centre of one of them
coincides with the focus of the other. An object is
placed at a distance twice the focal length from
the left-hand lens. Where will its image be? What
is the lateral magnification? The focal length of
3. A thin lens made of a material of refractive index each lens is f.
µ2 has a medium of refractive index µ1 on one side f f
and a medium of refractive index µ3 on the other
I1
side. The lens is biconvex and the two radii of    
O
curvature has equal magnitude R. A beam of light
2f f f
travelling parallel to the principal axis is incident
on the lens. Where will the image be formed if the 9. Find the position of the image formed by the lens
beam is incident from (a) the medium µ1 and (b) combination given in the Fig.
from the medium µ3?
4. Focal length of a thin lens in air, is 10 cm. Now
medium on one side of the lens is replaced by a
medium of refractive index =2. The radius of
curvature of surface of lens, in contact with the
medium, is 20 cm. Find the new focal length.

10. Two convex lenses of powers 4D and 6D are

1
5. Focal length of a thin convex lens is 30 cm. At a separated by a distance of m. The power of the
6
distance of 10 cm from the lens there is a plane
optical system so formed is -
refr acting surface of refr active index
(A) –6D (B) +6D
3/2. Where will the parallel rays incident on lens
(C) 10D (D) 2D
converge?
11. An object is placed 12 cm to the left of a
>
converging lens of focal length 8 cm. Another
3

2 converging lens of 6 cm focal length is placed at a
distance of 30 cm to the right of the first lens. The
>
second lens will produce :
10 cm (A) a virtual enlarged image
(B) no image
6. Figure shown a point object and a converging
(C) a real inverted image
lens. Find the final image formed. (D) a real enlarged image
12. A convex lens forms a real image of an object
placed at a distance u from the lens, at a distance
v from it. The focal length f of the lens is -
(A) u < f < v (B) v < f < u
(C) less than u as well as v
7. See the figure, Find the position of final image
formed. (D) more than u as well as v
13. What will the paths of the rays be after refraction
in the lenses.
[F1 – First focus, F2 – Second focus]
 19. A meniscus lens is made of a material of refractive
index 2. Both its surfaces have radii of curvature
R. It has two different media of refractive indices
(a) 1 and 3 respectively, on its two sides (shown in
the figure). Calculate its focal length for 1 < 2 <
3, when light is incident on it as shown
JEE 2003 (Mains)

20. An object is placed at a distance of 0.4 m from a

lens having focal length 0.3 m. The object is
(b)
moving towards the lens at a speed of 0.01 m/s.
Find the rates of change of position of image and
lateral magnification of image.
14. Given an optical axis MN & the positions of a real [JEE 2004 (Mains)]
object A B and its image A' B', determine 21. A thin lens of focal length f and its aperture
diagramatically the position of the lens (its optical diameter d, forms a real image of intensity I. Now
centre O) and its foci. Is it a converging or the central part of the aperture upto diameter
diverging lens? Is the image real or virtual? (d/2) is blocked by an opaque paper. The focal
length and image intensity would change to :
(A) f/2, I/2 (B) f, I/4
(C) 3f/4, I/2 (D) f, 3I/4
22. An object is placed at a distance u from a
converging lens and its real image is received on
a screen placed at a distance of v from the lens. If
f is the focal length of the lens, then the graph
between 1/v versus 1/u is:
15. A diverging lens of focal length 20 cm is placed
1/v
coaxially 5 cm towards left of a converging mirror
of focal length 10 cm .Where should an object be
placed towards left of the lens so that a real image
is formed at the object itself? (A) (B)
16. A converging lens and a diverging mirror are 1/u
placed at a separation of 15 cm. The focal length
of the lens is 25 cm and that of the mirror is 40
cm. Where should a point source be placed
between the lens and the mirror so that the light,
after getting reflected by the mirror and then (C) (D)
getting refracted by the lens, comes out parallel
to the principal axis?
17. A point object is placed on the principal axis of a 23. A virtual erect image by a diverging lens is
convex lens (f = 15 cm) at a distance of represented by (u, v, f are coordinates)
30 cm from it. A glass plate (µ = 1.50) of thickness
1 cm is placed on the other side of the lens
perpendicular to the axis. Locate the image of the
point object. (A) (B)
18. A convex lens of focal length 20 cm and a concave
lens of focal length 10 cm are placed 10 cm apart
with their principal axes coinciding. A beam of
light travelling parallel to the principal axis and
having a beam diameter 5.0 mm, is incident on
the combination. Show that the emergent beam is (C) (D)
parallel to the incident one. Find the beam diameter
of the emergent beam. Also find out the ratio of
emergent and incident intensities.
24. What should be the value of distance d so that (I) COMBINATION OF LENSES:
final image is formed on the object itself. (focal 1. A concave mirror of radius R is kept on a horizontal
lengths of the lenses are written on the lenses). table (figure). Water (refractive index = µ) is
poured into it upto a height h. Where should an
object be placed (its distance from the water
surface) so that its final image is formed on itself.
Consider two cases
(i) in terms of h (ii) h  0
(A) 10 cm (B) 20 cm
(C) 5 cm (D) none of these
25. A thin convex lens of focal length 30 cm forms an
image 2 cm high, of an object at infinity. A thin
concave lens of focal length 20 cm is placed 26
cm from the convex lens on the side of the image.
The height of the image now is :
[ JEE 2003 (Screening) 3/90 Each]
(A) 1.0 cm (B) 1.25 cm 2. A point object is placed at a distance of 15 cm
(C) 2 cm (D) 2.5 cm from a convex lens. The image is formed on the
26. The graph between object coordinate u and image other side at a distance of 30 cm from the lens.
coordinate v for a lens is given below. The focal When a concave lens is placed in contact with the
length of the lens is: [ JEE 2006, 3 /184 ] convex lens, the image shifts away further by 30
cm. Calculate the focal lengths of the two lenses.
v
3. A thin concavo-concave lens is surrounded by two
different liquids A and B as shown in figure. The
system is supported by a plane mirror at the
+11 bottom. Refractive index of A, lens and B are 9/5,
3/2 and 4/3 respectively. The radius of curvature
+10 of the surfaces of the lens are same and equal to
0
10 cm. Where should an object be placed infront
45
+9
–9 –10 –11
u of this system so that final image is formed on
the object itself.
(A) 5 ± 0.1 (B) 5 ± 0.05
(C) 0.5 ± 0.1 (D) 0.5 ± 0.05
27. A biconvex lens of focal length f forms a circular
image of radius r of sun in focal plane. Then which
option is correct: [ JEE 2006, 3/184 ] 4. The convex surface of a thin concavo-convex lens
2
(A) r  f of glass of refractive index 1.5 has a radius of
(B) r2  f2 curvature 20 cm. the concave surface has a radius
(C) If lower half part is convered by black sheet, of curvature 60 cm. The convex side is silvered
then area of the image is equal to r2/2 and placed on a horizontal surface as shown in
(D) if f is doubled, intensity will increase figure.
28. A point object O is placed at a distance of 20 cm (a) Where should a pin be placed on the axis so
from a convex lens of focal length 10 cm as shown that its image is formed at the same place?
in figure. At what distance x from the lens should (b) If the concave part is filled with water
a concave mirror of focal length 60 cm, be placed (µ = 4/3), find the distance through which the
so that final image coincides with the object– pin should be moved so that the image of the
(A) 10 cm pin again coincides with the pin.

(B) 15 cm
(C) 20 cm
(D) final image can never coincide with the object
in the given conditions
5. A plano-convex lens, when silvered at its plane 4. A nearsighted man can clearly see object only upto
surface is equivalent to a concave mirror of focal a distance of 100 cm and not beyond this. The
length 28 cm. When its curved surface is silvered number of the spectacles lens necessary for the
and the plane surface not silvered, it is equivalent remedy of this defect will be.
to a concave mirror of focal length 10 cm, then (A) +1 (B) – 1
the refractive index of the material of the lens is: (C) + 3 (D) – 3
(A) 9/14 (B) 14/9 5. A farsighted man cannot see object clearly unless
(C) 17/9 (D) none they are at least 100 cm from his eyes. The number
6. In the above question the radius of curvature of of the spectacles lens that will make his range of
the curved surface of plano-convex lens is : clear vision equal to an average grown up person
(A) + 1 (B) – 1
280 180
(A) cm (B) cm (C) + 3 (D) – 3
9 7
6. A person who can see objects clearly from distance
39 280 10 cm to , then we can say that the person is
(C) cm (D) cm (A) Normal sighted person
3 11
7. A convex lens of focal length 25 cm and a concave (B) Near-sighted person
lens of focal length 20 cm are mounted coaxially (C) Far-sighted person
separated by a distance d cm. If the power of the (D) A person with exceptional eyes having no eye
combination is zero, d is equal to defect
(A) 45 (B) 30
(C) 15 (D) 5 (K) OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS:
8. A thin biconvex lens of refractive index 3/2 is 1. When the length of an astronomical telescope tube
placed on a horizontal plane mirror as shown in increases its magnifying power
the figure. The space between the lens and the (A) Decreases (B) Increases
mirror is then filled with water of refractive index (C) Does not change
4/3. It is found that when a point object is placed (D) May increase or decrease
15 cm above the lens on its principal axis, the 2. With a simple microscope if the lens is held at a
object coincides with its own image. On repeating distance d from the eye and the image is formed
with another liquid, the object and the image again at the least distance of distinct vision from the eye,
coincide at a distance 25 cm from the lens. then the magnifying power is
Calculate the refractive index of the liquid.
D D
(A) (B) 1 
f f
Dd Dd
(C) 1  (D) 1 
f f
(J) EYE DETECTS AND CORRECTION: 3. A compound microscope consists of an objective
1. A man wearing glasses of focal length + 1 m cannot lens of focal length 2.0 cm and an eyepiece of focal
clearly see beyond 1 m length 6.25 cm separated by a distance of 15 cm.
(A) if he is farsighted How far from the objective should an object be
(B) if he is nearsighted placed in order to obtain the final image at (a) the
(C) if his vision is normal least distance of distinct vision (25 cm), and (b) at
(D) in each of these cases infinity? What is the magnifying power of the
2. Minimum focal length of eye lens of a normal microscope in each case?
person is 4. A microscope consists of two convex lenses of
(A) 25 cm (B) 2.5 cm focal lengths 2 cm and 5 cm placed 20 cm apart.
25 25 Where must the object be placed so that the final
(C) cm (D) cm
9 11 virtual image is at a distance of 25 cm from the
3. Maximum focal length of eye lens of normal eye ?
person is 5. A compound microscope has a magnifying power
(A) 25 cm (B) 2.5 cm 30. The focal length of its eyepiece is 5 cm.
25 25 Assuming the final image to be at the least distance
(C) cm (D) cm
9 11 of distinct vision (25 cm), calculate the
magnification produced by objective.
6. The focal lengths of the objective and the eye piece L L
of a compound microscope are 2.0 cm and 3.0 cm, (A) (B) 1
l l
respectively. The distance between the objective
and the eyepiece is 15.0 cm. The final image L Ll
(C) 1 (D)
formed by the eyepiece is at infinity. The two l L l
lenses are thin. The distance, in cm, of the object 9. In a compound microscope, the focal lengths of
and the image produced by the objective, measured two lenses are 1.5 cm and 6.25 cm. If an object is
from the objective lens, are respectively. placed at 2 cm from objective and the final image
is formed at 25 cm from eye lens, the distance
7. A person with a normal near point (25 cm) using a
between the two lenses is
compound microscope with objective of focal
(A) 6.00 cm (B) 7.75 cm
length 8.0 mm and an eyepiece of focal length 2.5 (C) 9.25 cm (D) 11.0 cm
cm can bring an object placed at 9.0 mm from the 10. A person with normal near point 25 cm using a
objective in sharp focus. What is the separation compound microscope with objective of focal
between the two lenses? Calculate the magnifying length 8.0 mm and an eye piece of focal length
power of the microscope, (NCERT) 2.5 cm can bring an object placed at 9.0 mm from
8. In an astronomical telescope in normal adjustment, the objective in sharp focus. The separation
a straight black line of length L is drawn on the between two lenses and magnification respectively
objective lens. The eyepiece forms a real image are
of this line. The length of this image is l. The (A) 9.47 cm, 88 (B) 3.36 cm, 44
magnification of the telescope is (C) 6.00 cm, 22 (D) 7.49 cm, 11
 Miscellaneous Questions
SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS : so that all light entering the glass through surface
1. A plane mirror of circular shape with radius r= 20 A emerge from the glass through surface B.
cm is fixed to the ceiling. A bulb is to be placed
on the axis of the mirror. A circular area of radius
R = 1m on the floor is to be illuminated after
reflection of light from the mirror. The height of
the room is 3 m. What is the maximum distance
from the centre of the mirror and the bulb so that
the required area is illuminated?
2. In figure shown AB is a plane mirror of length
40cm placed at a height 40 cm from the ground.
There is a light source S at a point on the ground.
Find the minimum and maximum height of a man
(eye height) required to see the image of the source 7. A fish is rising up vertically inside a pond with
if he is standing at a point A on the ground as shown velocity 4 cm/s and notices a bird, which is diving
in figure. vertically downward and its velocity appears to
be 16 cm/s (to the fish). What is the real velocity
of the diving bird, if refractive index of water is
4/3.
8. A lens placed between a candle and a screen forms
a real triply magnified image of the candle on the
screen. When the lens is moved away from the
candle by 0.8 m without changing the position of
3. A balloon is rising up along the axis of a concave the candle, a real image one–third the size of the
mirror of radius of curvature 20m. A ball is candle is formed on the screen . Determine the
dropped from the balloon at a height 15m from focal length of the lens.
the mirror when the balloon has velocity 20 m/s. 9. Consider a 'beam expander' which consists of two
Find the speed of the image of the ball formed by converging lenses of focal lengths 40 cm and 100
concave mirror after 4 seconds ? cm having a common optical axis. A laser beam
of diameter 4 mm is incident on the 40 cm focal
[Take : g = 10 m/s2] length lens. Then what is the diameter of the
4. A slab of glass of thickness 6 cm and index 1.5 is final beam (see figure)?
place somewhere in between a concave mirror
and a point object, perpendicular to the mirror's
optical axis. The radius of curvature of the mirror
is 40 cm. If the reflected final image coincides
with the object, then find the distance of the object
from the mirror.
5. A point object is placed 33 cm from a convex
mirror of curvature radius = 40 cm. A glass plate
10. Two thin similar watch glass pieces are joined
of thickness 6 cm and index 2.0 is placed between together, front to front, with rear portion silvered
the object and mirror, close to the mirror. Find the and the combination of glass pieces is placed at a
distance of final image from the object. distance a = 60 cm from a screen. A point object
6. A rod made of glass (m=1.5) and of square cross– is placed on optical axis of the combination such
section is bent into the shape shown in figure. A that its two times magnified image is formed on
parallel beam of light falls perpendicularly on the the screen. If air between the glass pieces is
plane flat surface A. Referring to the diagram, d is replaced by water (µ = 4/3), calculate the distance
the width of a side & R is the radius of inner through which the object must be displaced so that
d a sharp image is again formed on the screen.
semicircle. Find the maximum value of ratio
R
 SINGLE CHOICE CORRECT 4.* An equilateral prism deviates a ray through 40º
QUESTIONS : for two angles of incidence differing by 20º. The
possible angles of incidences are:
1. Which of the following can form erect, virtual,
diminished image? (A) 400 (B) 500
(A) plane mirror (B) concave mirror (C) 200 (D) 600
(C) convex mirror (D) none of these 5.* For refraction through a small angled prism, the
angle of deviation (ns < np)

MULTIPLE CHOICE CORRECT (A) increases with the increase in R.. of the prism
QUESTIONS: (B) will be 2D for a ray of R.. 2.4 if it is D for a
1.* Which of the following statements are incorrect ray of R.. 1.2
for spherical mirrors. (C) is directly proportional to the angle of the
(A) a concave mirror forms only virtual images prism
for any position of real object (D) will decrease with the increase in R.. of a
(B) a convex mirror forms only virtual images for prism.
any position of a real object 6*. Two refracting media are separated by a spherical
(C) a concave mirror forms only a virtual interface as shown in the figure. P P  is the
diminished image of an object placed between principal axis, 1 and 2 are the refractive indices
its pole and the focus of medium of incidence and medium of refraction
respectively.
(D) a convex mirror forms a virtual magnified
Then:
image of an object placed between its pole
and the focus.
2.* A ray of monochromatic light is incident on the
plane surface of separation between two media x
& y with angle of incidence ‘i’ in the medium x
and angle of refraction ‘r’ in the medium y. The
graph shows the relation between sin r and sin i. (A) if 2 > 1, then there cannot be a real image
of real object
(B) if 2 > 1, then there cannot be a real image
of virtual object
(C) if 1 > 2, then there cannot be a virtual image
of virtual object
(A) the speed of light in the medium y is (3)1/2 (D) if 1 > 2, then there cannot be a real image
times then in medium x. of real object
(B) the speed of light in the medium y is (1/3)1/2 7.* Which of the following cannot form real image of
times then in medium x. a real object ?
(C) the total internal reflection can take place (A) concave mirror (B) convex mirror
when the incidence is in x. (C) plane mirror (D) diverging lens
(D) the total internal reflection can take place 8.* The values of d1 & d2 for final rays to be parallel
when the incidence is in y. to the principal axis are: (focal lengths of the lenses
3.* For the refraction of light through a prism are written above the respective lenses)
(A) For every angle of deviation there are two
angles of incidence.
(B) The light travelling inside an isosceles prism
is necessarily parallel to the base when prism
is set for minimum deviation.
(C) There are two angles of incidence for
maximum deviation. (A) d1 = 10 cm, d2 = 15 cm
(D) Angle of minimum deviation will increase if (B) d1 = 20 cm, d2 = 15 cm
refractive index of prism is increased keeping (C) d1 = 30 cm, d2 = 15 cm
the outside medium unchanged.
(D) None of these
9.* An object O is kept infront of a converging lens
of focal length 30 cm behind which there is a
plane mirror at 15 cm from the lens.

1 3  3 1
(A)  3 ,   (B)   , 3 
  
(A) the final image is formed at 60 cm from the 2 3
lens towards right of it (C)  3 ,   (D) (1,0)
 
(B) the final image is at 60 cm from lens towards
left of it 14. In the fig. shown consider the first reflection at the
(C) the final image is real plane mirror and second at the convex mirror. AB
(D) the final image is virtual. is object.
10.* The radius of curvature of the left & right surface
of the concave lens are 10 cm & 15 cm respectively.
The radius of curvature of the mirror is 15 cm.

(A) the second image is real and inverted with

(A) equivalent focal length of the combination is
magnification 1/5
–18 cm
(B) equivalent focal length of the combination is (B) the second image is virtual and erect with
+36 cm magnification 1/5
(C) the system behaves like a concave mirror (C) the second image moves towards the convex
(D) the system behaves like a convex mirror.
mirror
11.* If a symmetrical biconcave thin lens is cut into
two identical halves. They are placed in different (D) the second image moves away from the
ways as shown: convex mirror
15. The figure shows a ray incident on a plane bound-
ary at an angle i = p/3. The plot drawn shows the
µ1
variation of | r – i| versus µ = k (r = angle of
2

refraction). Choose the correct alternative.

(A) three images will be formed in case (i)

(B) two images will be formed in the case (i)
(C) the ratio of focal lengths in (ii) & (iii) is 1
(D) the ratio of focal lengths in (ii) & (iii) is 2
12.* By properly combining two prisms made of 2
different materials, it is possible to (A) The value of k1 is
3
(A) have dispersion without average deviation
(B) The value of q1 is p/6
(B) have deviation without dispersion
(C) have both dispersion and average deviation (C) The value of q2 is p/3
(D) have neither dispersion nor average deviation (D) The value of k0 is 1
13. If the equation of mirror is given by y = 2/p sinpx 16. A ray of light is incident normally on one face of
30° – 60° – 90° prism of refractive index 5/3
(y > 0, 0 £ x £ 1) then find the point on which
immersed in water of refractive index 4/3 as shown
horizontal ray should be incident so that the in figure.
reflected ray become perpendicular to the incident
ray
 Image Distance
1 1
2

Object Distance

(A) The exit angle q2 of the ray is sin–1 (5/8) Lens/Mirror Curve
 5  (A) Converging lens (P) 1
(B) The exit angle q2 of the ray is sin–1 
 4 3  (B) Converging Mirror (Q) 2
(C) Total internal reflection at point P ceases if (C) Diverging Lens (R) 3
the refractive index of water is increased to (D) Diverging Mirror (S) 4
5 3. Column-I gives certain situations regarding a point
by dissolving some substance object and its image formed by an optical
2 3
(D) Total internal reflection at point P ceases instrument. The possible optical instruments are
if the refractive index of water is increased concave and convex mirrors or lenses as given in
to 5/6 by dissolving some substance Column-II. Same side of principal axis means both
image and object should either be above the
MATRIX MATCH : principal axis or both should be below the principal
1. An optical component and an object S placed along axis as shown in figure. Same side of optical
its optic axis are given in Column I. The distance instrument means both image and object should
between the object and the component can be be either left of the optical instrument or both
varied. The properties of images are given in should be on right of the optical instrument as
Column II. Match all the properties of images from shown in figure. Match the statements in
Column II with the appropriate components given
column-I with the corresponding statements in
in Column I. Indicate your answer by darkening
column-II .
the appropriate bubbles of the 4 × 4 matrix given in
the ORS. [JEE' 2008_, 3/163]
Column I Column II

(A) (P) Real image

Column I Column II
(A) If point object and its (P) Concave mirror
image are on same side of
(B) (Q) Virtual image principal axis and opposite
sides of the optical instrument
then the optical instrument is
(C) (R) Magnified image (B) If point object and its image (Q) Convex mirror
are on opposite side of principal
axis and same sides of the
(D) (S) Image at infinity optical instrument then the
optical instrument is
2. A small particle is placed at the pole of a concave (C) If point object and its image (R) Concave lens
mirror and then moved along the principal axis to are on same side of principal
a large distance. During the motion, the distance axis and same sides of the
between the pole of the mirror and the image is optical instrument then the
measured. The procedure is then repeated with a optical instrument is
convex mirror, a concave lens and a convex lens.
(D) If point object and its image (S) Convex lens
The graph is plotted between image distance
are on opposite side of
versus object distance. Match the curves shown
principal axis and opposite
in the graph with the mirror or lens that is
corresponding to it. (Curve 1 has two segments) sides of the optical instrument
then the optical instrument is
4. Consider the convex lens shown in figure :

A B
– +
F1 O F2

Here O is the optic center, F1 the first principal focus and F2 the second principal focus.
(AF1 = F1O & OF2 = F2B)
(A) Object lies (J) Image size is (P) Image lies between O & B
between - & F1 magnified
(B) Object lies (K) Image size is (Q) Image does not lie between O & B
between A and O diminished
(C) Object lies (L) Image is inverted (R) Image lies between - & F2
between F1 & +
(D) Object does not (M) Image is erect (S) Image lies between F2 & +
lie between A and O

COMPREHENSION TYPE : Dividing Eqn. (3) by (2) ;

(Read the following passage and answer the df d  d 
questions numbered 1 to 5. They have only one      
f (  1)  (   1) 
correct option)
=
CHROMATIC ABERRATION
dispersive power
The image of a white object in white light formed
............(4)
by a lens is usually coloured and blurred. This
defect of image is called chromatic aberration and And hence, from Eqns. (1) and (4),
arises due to the fact that focal length of a lens is L.C.A. = –df = f
different for different colours. As R.I.  of lens is Now, as for a single lens neither f nor  can be
maximum for violet while minimum for red, violet zero, we cannot have a single lens free from
is focused nearest to the lens while red farthest chromatic aberration.
from it as shown in figure. Condition of Achromatism :
As a result of this, in case of convergent lens if a In case of two thin lenses in contact
screen is placed at FV centre of the image will be
violet and focused while sides are red and blurred. 1 1 1 dF df1 df
2
 
F f1 f 2
i.e.,  2 =  f2  f2
While at FR, reverse is the case, i.e., centre will be F 1 2
red and focused while sides violet and blurred.
The combination will be free from chromatic
The difference between fV and fR is a measure of
aberration if dF = 0
the longitudinal chromatic aberration (L.C.A), i.e.,
L.C.A. = fR – fV = – df with df = fV – fR 1 df 2 df
i.e., f 2  f 2 = 0
............(1) 1 2

which with the help of Eqn. (4) reduces to

1f1 2 f2
 =0
f12 f22

However, as for a single lens, 1 

2 
i.e., f  f = 0 ...........(5)
1 2
1  1 1 
 (  1)   This condition is called condition of achromatism
f  R1 R 2  (for two thin lenses in contact) and the lens
............(2) combination which satisfies this condition is called
achromatic lens, from this condition, i.e., from
df  1 1 
  2
 d    Eqn. (5) it is clear that in case of achromatic
f  R1 R 2  doublet :
...........(3)
1. The two lenses must be of different materials. 5. Chromatic aberration of a lens can be corrected
by :
1 1
Since, if 1 = 2 ,  0 (A) providing different suitable curvatures of its
f1 f2
two surfaces.
1 (B) proper polishing of its two surfaces.
i.e., =0 or F=
F (C) suitably combining it with another lens.
i.e., combination will not behave as a lens, but as a (D) reducing its aperture.
plane glass plate. 6. A combination is made of two lenses of focal
2. As 1 and 2 are positive quantities, for equation lengths  and  in contact ; the dispersive powers
(5) to hold, f1 and f2 must be of opposite nature, of the materials of the lenses are  and . The
i.e. if one of the lenses is converging the other combination is achromatic when :
must be diverging. (A)  = 0,  = 20,  = 2
3. If the achromatic combination is convergent, (B)  = 0,  = 20,  = /2
fC < fD and as (C)  = 0,  = 20,  = –/2
fC C (D)  = 0, = 20,  = – 2
 = , C < D 7. The dispersive power of crown and flint glasses
fD D
are 0.02 and 0.04 respectively. An achromatic
i.e., in a convergent achromatic doublet, convex converging lens of focal length 40 cm is made by
lens has lesser focal length and dispersive power keeping two lenses, one of crown glass and the
than the divergent one. other of flint glass, in contact with each other. The
4. Chromatic aberration in the formation of images focal lengths of the two lenses are :
by a lens arises because : (A) 20 cm and 40 cm (B) 20 cm and –40 cm
(A) of non-paraxial rays. (C) –20cm and 40 cm (D) 10 cm and –20cm
(B) the radii of curvature of the two sides are not 8. Chromatic aberration in a spherical concave mirror
same. is proportional to :
(C) of the defect in grinding. (A)  (B) 2
(D) the focal length varies with wavelength. (C) 1/ (D) None of these

EXERCISE-1
(A) REFLECTION AT PLANE SURFACE:
1. 120º anticlockwise and 240º clockwise. 2. 30º clockwise. 3. (D)
4. (C) 5. (C) 6. (C) 7. (C) 8. (C)
9. 7 m/s and direction towards left. 10. (C)
(B) REFLECTION AT CURVED SURFACE:
1. 54 cm away from the mirror, 5 cm, image is inverted
If the candle is moved closer to the mirror, then the screen will have to be moved away from the
mirror in order to obtain the image.
2. 6.7 cm behind the mirror, height of the image is 2.5 cm, the image is erect, virtual, and diminished,
If the needle is moved farther from the mirror, the image will also move away from the mirror, and
the size of the image will reduce gradually.

  40 1 
3. f = 24 cm 4.  7 cm, 7 cm  5. – 2. 6. 16 cm 7. (C)
 

8. R = 80 cm 9. (C) 10. (a)30 cm (b) 10 cm

11. Concave mirror of R = 60 cm 12. (C) 13. (C)
(C) REFRACTION AT PLANE SURFACES:
2c 0
1. (A) 2. (D) 3. va = 4.   1.5 ,  med  3674 A 5. (A)
3 3
6. (C) 7. (B) 8. (A) 9. (i) 48 cm (ii) 27 cm (iii) 84 cm (iv) 63 cm.
10. (A) 11. (D) 12. (C) 13. (A,D) 14. (C) 15. 0.9 cm above P
(D) TIR:
2 3 3
1. C = sin–1 2/3 2. (C) 3. (C,D) 4. < cos-1 . 5. 
3 4

8 h 2
6. a > sin-1 7. 8. (B)
9 2  1
(E) PRISM:
1 3 3 
1. 90º 2. (a) 450 (b) 0
2 (c) 15 (d) 30
0
3. i = sin  4  , dmin = 2sin–1  4  –
    3

3
4. (C) 5. (C) 6. 1.732 7. (B) 8. (i) 1.5°, (ii)
8
(F) DISPERSION OF LIGHT:
1
1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (B) 4. (D) 5. (a) = 0.2° (b) 0.72°
5
6. (D) 7. 0.8°, 3.0º 8. 1.4º , 0.48º. 9. 7.2°
10. A = 4º, q = 0.04 11. (A)
(G) REFRACTION AT CURVED SURFACES:
1. (B) 2. R = 5 cm 3. v = – 2.5 cm 4. 30 cm from the surface and inside glass
(H) LENS MAKER FORMULA:
1. + 10 cm. 2. – 10 cm 3. 4/3 4. convergent lens of focal length 3.5 R
5. ± 24 cm, ± 120 cm 6. 360 cm; ¥ ; – 600 cm
7. (A) 8. (C) 9. (A)
(I) LENSES:
1. (i) – 2 –ve sign implies that the image is inverted. (ii) – 4 cm (iii) –.02
2. 20 cm, 1 m, –4, 24 cm
3. (a) 7.5 cm away from the lens, toward its right. (b) 48 cm away from the lens, toward its right.
4. image of size 1.8cm, 8.4 cm away from mirror. If the object is moved further away from the lens, then
the virtual image will move toward the focus of the lens, but not beyond it. The size of the image will
decrease with the increase in the object distance.
5. 20 cm 6. 0.3 m 7. 15 cm 8. (B) 9. 28/75 = 0.37 cm
(J) COMBINATION OF LENSES:
1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (C) 4. (B) 5. (C) 6. (A)
7. (C) 8. (C) 9. (B) 10. (B)
(K) EYE DETECTS AND CORRECTION:
1. (C) 2. (A)
(L) OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS:
1. (a) 20 D (b) 5,6 2. (a) 4.17 cm and 5cm (b) 5, 6
2
3. (a) 1 cm (b) 2.8
(c) The two quantities will be equal when the image is formed at the near point (25 cm).
4. (a) –7.14 cm
Hence, to view the squares distinctly, the lens should be kept 7.14 cm away from them.
(b) 3.5 (c) 3.5
5. – 15 cm
The virtual image is formed at a distance of 15 cm, which is less than the near point (i.e., 25 cm) of
a normal eye. Hence, it cannot be seen by the eyes distinctly.
6. 24, 150 cm. 7. (i) 50 (ii) 203.45 cm (iii) 204 cm (iv) 58
8. (a) 1500. (b) 13.74 cm 9. (C)
 EXERCISE-2
(A) REFLECTION AT PLANE SURFACE:
1. Mirror should be placed on the path of the rays at an Ð of 78º or 12° to the horizontal
2. (B) 3. a = 60º 4. 60º 5. (B) 6. 0.4 m
2
7. (B,C) 8. (D) 9. (C) 10. (i) 12 × 8 cm (ii) 12 × 6 cm2

11. cm2 12 (D) 13. (a) 1 ; (b) (4, 0) ; (c) No 14. (B) 15. (C)
144
16. (a) Position of image = (1 cos 60º, – 1 sin 60º) (b)Velocity of image=(1 cos 60º î +1 sin 60º ĵ )m/s

17. (C) 18. (B) 19. (A) 20. - 5 ( 1+ 3 ) i + 5 3 j m/s.

21. 8 î  3 ĵ  4k̂ 22. (B)

(B) REFLECTION AT CURVED SURFACE:
1. 20 cm right of concave mirror 2. 30 cm right to concave mirror 3. (A)

4. Vi = Vix î + Viy ĵ = – 2 î – 4 ĵ
5. (a) 40 cm/s opposite to the velocity of object.
(b) 20 cm/s opposite along the velocity of object.
3933
6. (D) 7. 12.5 cm right of concave mirror. 8. (D) 9. 10.35 cm = cm
380
10. (D) 11. 0.2 m from the mirror 12. (B) 13. (C) 14. (C)
15. (B) 16. (A) 17. (A,C) 18. (B) 19.* (B,C) 20. (C) 21. (B)
(C) REFRACTION AT PLANE SURFACES:
 2 
1. 1   m 2. 2/3 × 10–8 sec 3. (A) 4. 7.5 cm above water surface
 
 3

 1 1 
5. (B) 6. (D) 7. 3    cm = 9.9 mm, 45°8. (B)
 2 7
9. 2.25 cm 10. (A) 11. (B) 12. (B) 13. d = 4000 mm
14. 7.5 cm. 15. (B) 16. (D) 17. (A) 18. (C) 19. t = 2 cm
(D) TIR:
1. (D) 2. (A) 3. 45° 4. (D) 5. (C) 6. (C)

 
a
7. (C) 8. C = sin–1   
 w 
(E) PRISM:
1. 2. A= 60° 3. (A) 4. 30º , 600 5.   1.5
6. 900 7. (B) 8. 37º, This deviation is not minimum. 9. (a) i = 60° (b) 60°
10. (B) 11. (C) 12. (B)
(F) DISPERSION OF LIGHT:
2(µv  µr ) 2(µy  1)
1. (a) µ   µ  , (b) µ   1 2. (A) 3. (C) 4. (C)
v r y

(G) REFRACTION AT CURVED SURFACES:

27
1. OE = 6.06 m 2. – 60 cm, h2 = 4 mm. 3. = 13.5 cm below the surface of water
2
4. 80 cm 5. (B)
6. 40 cm from pole in the medium of refractive index 1, virtual, erect and 4 cm in size.
7. 50 cm 8. 8/3 mm, virtual at v = - 20, no inversion 9. (B) 10. (D)
11. (A) 12. (D) 13. (A,B) 14. (A,B) 15. (i) No shift is observed (ii) 1 cm
3 
16.  = 2i  4 sin1  sin i + , No
4 
(H) LENSES:
1. 30 cm from the lens towards left. 2. 30cm, 10 cm

µ3 R µ1R
3. (a) 2µ  µ  µ (b) 2µ  µ  µ 4. f = 40 cm
2 1 3 2 1 3

5. 40 cm from the lens. 6. v = + 30 cm 7. 10 cm

8. final image (real) is formed at a distance f/2 right, -1/2 9. 30 cm to the right of the third lens.
10. (B) 11. (C) 12. (C)
 13. (a) (b)

14. Converging 15. 60 cm from the lens further away from the mirror
91
16. 1.67 cm from the lens 17. = 30.33 cm from the lens
3
18. 1.0 cm if the light is incident from the side of concave lens and 2.5 mm if it is incident from the side
of the convex lens and the corresponding ratio of intensities are 1/4 and 4.
3 R dv dm
19. f = 20. = 0.09 m/s; = – 0.3 sec–1 21. (D) 22. (B)
(  3  1 ) dt dt
23. (D) 24. (A) 25. (D) 26. (B) 27. (B) 28. (C)
(I) COMBINATION OF LENSES:
(R  h) R
1. (i) (ii) 2. 10 cm for convex lens and 60 cm for concave lens
 
3. 75 cm 4. (a) 15 cm from the lens on the axis, (b) 1.14 cm towards the lens
5. (B) 6. (A) 7. (D) 8. n = 8/5 = 1.6
(J) EYE DETECTS AND CORRECTION:
1. (D) 2. (D) 3. (B) 4. (B) 5. (C) 6. (D)
(K) OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS:
1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (a) 20. (b) 13.51. 4. 2.29 cm to the left side of the objective.
5. –5 6. 12 cm (to right) 7. 9.47 cm, 88. 8. (A) 9. (D) 10. (A)

EXERCISE-3
SUBJECTIVE TYPE
1. 75cm 2. 160 cm min, 320 cm max 3. 80 m/s 4. 42 cm 5. 42 cm
6. 1/2 7. 9 cm/s 8. 30 cm 9. 1cm
10.15cm towards the combination

SINGLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS :

1. (C)

MULTIPLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS:

1.* (A,C,B)2.* (B,D) 3.* (C,D) 4.* (A,D) 5.* (A,C) 6*. (A,C)
7.* (B,C,D)8.* (A,B,C)9.* (B,C) 10.* (A,C) 11.* (A,C) 12.* (A,B,C)
13. (A,C) 14. (B,C) 15. (B,C,D)16. (A,C)

MATRIX MATCH :
1. (A)  (P,Q,R,S), (B)  (Q), (C)  (P,Q,R,S), (D)  (P,Q,R,S)
2. (A) P (B) P (C) Q (D) Q
3. (A) P, Q (B) P, Q (C) R, S (D) R, S
4. (A) L, S (B) J, Q (C) M, R (D) K, P

COMPREHENSION TYPE :
1. () 2. () 3. () 4. (D) 5. (C) 6. (D)
7. (B) 8. (D)