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Grade 9 Term 1 Week 1 Lesson 1 Cell Structure.

The document covers the structure and importance of cells, which are the basic units of all living organisms, including plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi. It distinguishes between eukaryotic cells (with a nucleus) and prokaryotic cells (without a nucleus), and highlights the specialization of different cell types, such as nerve and red blood cells. Additionally, it explains the common components of cells, including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and organelles, emphasizing the role of the cell membrane in regulating substance movement.

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43 views10 pages

Grade 9 Term 1 Week 1 Lesson 1 Cell Structure.

The document covers the structure and importance of cells, which are the basic units of all living organisms, including plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi. It distinguishes between eukaryotic cells (with a nucleus) and prokaryotic cells (without a nucleus), and highlights the specialization of different cell types, such as nerve and red blood cells. Additionally, it explains the common components of cells, including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and organelles, emphasizing the role of the cell membrane in regulating substance movement.

Uploaded by

fvihinda72
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Natural Science

Grade 9
Term 1-Life and living
Week 1

Topic 1: Cell structure


Learning objectives for this lesson is:
 Recognize and understand the importance of cells
 Identify the main components of a cell structure
 Recognize and understand the importance of a cell
membrane.
What are cells?
All living organisms are made up of cells. Example of living
organisms are plants, animals, bacteria and fungi.
Cells are the smallest parts of living organisms.
There are two main types of organisms based on cell structure. The
most important difference in structure is the presence of a nucleus.
Cells are the basic structural and functional units of all living organisms. Cells
are small and you cannot see them with a naked eye. You need to use a
microscope to be able to see cells. We say cells are microscopic because they
can only be seen under a microscope.
Figure 1.
Robert Hooke

Robert Hooke was the first cytologist to identify cells under his microscope in 1665.He decided to call the microscopic
shapes that he saw in a slice of cork "cells" cause the shapes reminded him of the cells (rooms) that the monks in the
nearby monastery lived in.
Two main organisms

Eukaryotic Prokaryotic

(with a nucleus) (without a nucleus)

Plants and animals Fungi, bacteria


Different types of cells
Your body is made up of many different kinds of cells. We say your cells are
specialised to perform a specific function.
Depending on the function of the cell, it can be specialised by having a different shape
or size or may have some components which other cells do not have. Have a look at
the differences between nerve cells and red blood cells in the images.

Figure 1.1 Figure 1.2.


These nerve cells appear green under a fluorescence microscope. Red blood cells have a round, biconcave shape.
 Nerve cells transmit (send) messages throughout the body from the brain to
perform functions. So the fact that nerve cells are elongated (like long thin wires)
and branched, helps them to send these messages over long distances and make
connection with many other cells.

 Red blood cells also do not have a nucleus so that there is more space for oxygen
to be transported.
Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Their shape is
adapted to carry oxygen and pass easily through very narrow capillaries to get to
the individual cells.
Even though there are many different types of cells, there are
components of the cell structure which are common to all cells.
There are also some structures which most, but not all, cells
have.
All cells have common structures.
These structures are:
A cell membrane
Cytoplasm
In most eukaryotic cells, a nucleus
Components of cell structure
 An organelle is a specialised structure within the cell that
performs a function for the cell.
Examples of organelles in cells are vacuoles and mitochondria.
Figure 2.1 : A drawing of a typical animal cell
Cell membranes
The cell membrane is a thin layer that encloses the cell's contents and separates
the cell from its environment. All cells have a cell membrane around them.
 Many different substances have to pass in and out of a cell in order for it to
function.
 The cell membrane controls which substances are allowed to enter and
leave the cell.
 We say the cell membrane is selectively permeable.

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