Expanded Migration Quiz – Based on the Extract

(Reminder of the Extract):

In the last few years, millions of people around the world have migrated due to war,
violence, poverty, or natural disasters. Countries like Sudan, Ukraine, and
Venezuela have seen large numbers of people leave their homes to find safety and
better living conditions. In Sudan, a violent conflict between military groups has
forced over 8 million people to leave their homes. Many are now living in refugee
camps in neighboring countries, often without enough food, water, or medical care.

In other regions, such as Central America, people are migrating due to poverty,
crime, and lack of job opportunities. Many hope to find safer lives in countries with
stronger economies and better education systems. Migration can be dangerous,
and not everyone who leaves finds a better life. Still, many risk long journeys in
search of safety and opportunity.

✅ Multiple Choice (Choose One):

1. What is the main topic of the extract?

A. How refugee camps are built
B. Global migration and its causes
C. Tourists traveling for fun
D. Climate change

2. What kind of migration is most common in the situations described?

A. Voluntary migration for fun
B. Forced migration due to crises
C. Seasonal migration for farming
D. Business migration

3. Which country is not mentioned in the extract?

A. Ukraine
B. Central America
C. France
D. Sudan

4. According to the extract, what are people in refugee camps often lacking?
A. Electricity
B. Food, water, and medical care
C. Mobile phones
D. Clothes

5. What kind of countries do many migrants hope to reach?

A. Countries with cold weather
B. Countries with strong armies
C. Countries with better education and safety
D. Countries with more entertainment

✍️Short Answer Questions:

1. What are some of the main reasons people are migrating from Sudan, Ukraine, and
Venezuela, according to the extract?
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2. How has the conflict in Sudan affected the number of people who have been forced to
leave their homes?

3. What is one challenge that people face when they arrive in refugee camps in
neighboring countries?

4. What are some of the main push factors causing migration in Central America?
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5. How does migration affect the safety of migrants, based on the extract?
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6. What might be the impact of a large number of refugees arriving in neighboring

countries, based on the information in the extract?

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7. How could migration affect children who are part of migrant families?
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8. How might the healthcare systems of host countries be affected when large numbers
of migrants arrive?
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9. What challenges do host countries face when providing education for migrant
children?

10. What impact could migration have on the job market in host countries, based on your
knowledge and the extract?
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✅ True or False:

11. Migration is always a choice.

→ True / False

12. Over 8 million people have left their homes in Sudan.

→ True / False
13. Migration is only happening in Africa.
→ True / False

14. Some people migrate because of crime and lack of jobs.

→ True / False

15. Everyone who migrates finds safety and happiness.

→ True / False
Key Concepts You Should Know About Migration:

1. Types of Migration

● Voluntary Migration: When people move by choice, often for better economic
opportunities, education, or to be closer to family.

● Forced Migration: When people are forced to leave their homes due to conflict,
violence, or natural disasters (e.g., refugees fleeing war).

● Internal Migration: Moving within the same country (e.g., moving from one city to
another for a job).

● International Migration: Moving from one country to another (e.g., migrants moving to
another country for work or safety).

● Seasonal Migration: Moving temporarily for certain seasons (e.g., farm workers moving
for harvest season).

2. Push and Pull Factors

 ● Push Factors: Conditions that drive people to leave their current location. These often
include:

○ War and conflict (e.g., civil wars, military violence)

○ Poverty and economic hardship (e.g., lack of jobs, high inflation)

○ Lack of safety (e.g., crime, political instability)

○ Natural disasters (e.g., floods, earthquakes, drought)

○ Lack of basic services (e.g., education, healthcare)

● Pull Factors: Conditions that attract people to a new location. These often include:

○ Better job opportunities (e.g., higher wages, better working conditions)

○ Safety and political stability (e.g., peaceful countries, fair governments)

○ Better education and healthcare systems

○ Family reunification (e.g., moving to be with family members)

○ Better living conditions (e.g., better housing, improved quality of life)

3. Refugees and Asylum Seekers

● Refugee: A person who has been forced to flee their home country due to fear of
persecution (e.g., due to war, violence, or human rights abuses). They seek protection in
another country.

● Asylum Seeker: A person who has applied for asylum (protection) in a foreign country,
but whose application has not yet been processed.

● Internally Displaced Person (IDP): A person who has been forced to leave their home
but has not crossed international borders (they stay within their own country).

4. Migration and Children

● Migrant children may face challenges such as:

 ○ Lack of education: If they arrive in a new country where language or school
systems are different, they might miss out on schooling.

○ Trauma: Migrant children, especially refugees, may experience emotional and

physical trauma from the journey or from the situations in their home countries.

○ Protection and care: Migrant children may be separated from family members
or face exploitation in new places.

5. Impact of Migration on Host Countries

● Positive Impacts:

○ Economic benefits: Migrants can contribute to the workforce, fill labor

shortages, and pay taxes.

○ Cultural diversity: Immigration can bring new ideas, food, traditions, and
languages, enriching the host country.

○ Population growth: In countries with low birth rates, migrants help maintain a
stable population.

● Negative Impacts:

○ Strain on resources: Host countries may face challenges with overcrowded

public services (e.g., healthcare, schools).

○ Job competition: Some local workers may feel that migrants take away jobs,
especially in times of economic struggle.

○ Social tension: If not managed well, migration can lead to conflicts between
migrants and local populations.

6. Challenges Faced by Migrants

● Legal and Documentation Issues: Migrants may not have the necessary legal
documents to live and work in a host country, leading to a risk of detention or
deportation.

● Language Barriers: Migrants may struggle to communicate and access services if they
don’t speak the language of the host country.
 ● Discrimination: Migrants can face prejudice and discrimination based on their
nationality, race, or culture.

● Lack of Support: Refugees and other migrants often lack access to adequate food,
water, healthcare, and shelter, especially if they are living in overcrowded camps or
temporary housing.

7. International Responses to Migration

● International Refugee Laws: Countries sign agreements like the 1951 Refugee
Convention to protect refugees and ensure they are treated fairly.

● Humanitarian Aid: International organizations like the United Nations (UN) and Red
Cross provide assistance to migrants and refugees in need.

● Resettlement Programs: Some countries have programs to resettle refugees, providing

them with new homes and support as they start over.

8. Current Trends in Migration

● Climate Change and Migration: Increasingly, people are migrating due to

environmental disasters, such as floods, droughts, and hurricanes, often referred to as
climate refugees.

● Urbanization: People are increasingly moving to cities within countries in search of

work, education, and better living conditions. This leads to rapid urbanization and the
expansion of cities.

● Migration Crises: Ongoing migration crises, like the Syrian refugee crisis, and the
situation in countries like Afghanistan, Venezuela, and Ukraine, continue to impact
millions of people.

Possible Exam/Quiz Questions You May Encounter:

1. What is the difference between a refugee and an economic migrant?

2. List three push factors and three pull factors that influence migration.

3. How does migration impact the education system in host countries?

4. Explain how migration can affect the healthcare system in both the home and host
countries.

5. What are the main challenges faced by children who migrate due to war?

6. What is the significance of the 1951 Refugee Convention in protecting migrants?

7. How can migration benefit host countries economically?

8. Explain the term ‘climate refugee’ and provide examples.

9. What measures can host countries take to integrate migrants successfully?