592

NOT FOR SALE

Chapter 7 The Trigonometric Functions

a
b. Substituting y x into the second equation:
b
2
a
x2 x 1
b
a2 2
x2 x 1
b2
a2
1 x2 1
2
b
b2 a2 2
x 1
b2
b2
x2
b2 a2
b
x (since x 0)
b2 a2
a a b a
Substituting into y x to find y: y •
b b b2 a2 b2 a2
b a
So the coordinates of Q are , .
b2 a2 b2 a2
c. Since P(a, b) lies on the unit circle x 2 y2 1 , its coordinates must satisfy the equation.
Thus a 2 b 2 1 . Thus a 2 b 2 1 , and so the coordinates of Q are ( b, a) .
34. a. The coordinates of P are (cos , sin ) .
b. Since Q is the point on the unit circle at 2
radians, its coordinates are cos 2
, sin 2
. But the

preceding exercise showed that P(a, b) rotates to Q( b, a) , thus cos 2

sin and sin 2
cos .
c. i. Using a calculator, both values are approximately –0.8415.
ii. Using a calculator, both values are approximately 0.5403.
iii. Using a calculator, both values are approximately –0.2924.
iv. Using a calculator, both values are approximately 0.9563.

7.4 Algebra and the Trigonometric Functions

1. a. Combining like terms: SC 12SC 11SC
b. Combining as in part a: sin cos 12 sin cos 11sin cos
2. a. Combining like terms: 10SC 4SC 16SC 2SC
b. Combining as in part a: 10 sin cos 4 sin cos 16 sin cos 2 sin cos
3. a. 3
Combining like terms: 4C S 12C S 3 3
8C S
b. Combining as in part a: 4 cos 3 sin 12 cos 3 sin 8 cos 3 sin
2
4. a. Squaring then combining like terms: C2 S2 2SC C 2 S2 4C 2 S 2 3C 2 S 2
b. Squaring then combining as in part a:
2
cos 2 sin 2 2 sin cos cos 2 sin 2 4 cos2 sin 2 3 cos2 sin 2
2
5. a. Squaring: 1 T 1 2T T2
2
b. Squaring as in part a: 1 tan 1 2 tan tan 2

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 NOT FOR SALE Exercise Set 7.4 593

2
6. a. Squaring: 3 2T 9 2 6T 4T 2 9 12T 4T 2
2
b. Squaring as in part a: 3 2 tan 9 2 6 tan 4 tan 2 9 12 tan 4 tan 2
7. a. Using the distributive property: T 3 T 2 T2 3T 2T 6 T2 T 6
b. Using the distributive property as in part a:
tan 3 tan 2 tan 2 3 tan 2 tan 6 tan 2 tan 6

8. a. Using the distributive property: S 2 3 S2 3 S4 3S 2 3S 2 9 S4 9

b. Using the distributive property as in part a:
sec 2 3 sec2 3 sec 4 3sec 2 3sec 2 9 sec 4 9
S C 1 C S
9. a. Factoring then simplifying: 1
C S C S
sin cos 1 cos sin
b. Factoring then simplifying as in part a: 1
cos sin cos sin
5 2T 1 2T 5
10. a. Factoring then simplifying: 1
2T 5 2T 5
5 2 tan 1 2 tan 5
b. Factoring then simplifying as in part a: 1
2 tan 5 2 tan 5
2 CS 2 CS 2
11. a. Obtaining common denominators then adding: C
S S S S
b. Obtaining common denominators then adding as in part a:
2 cos A sin A 2 cos A sin A 2
cos A
sin A sin A sin A sin A
1 3 C 3S C 3S
12. a. Obtaining common denominators then subtracting:
S C SC SC SC
b. Obtaining common denominators then subtracting as in part a:
1 3 cos A 3sin A cos A 3sin A
sin A cos A sin A cos A sin A cos A sin A cos A
13. a. The expression factors as: T 2 8T 9 T 1 T 9
b. Factoring as in part a: tan 2 8 tan 9 tan 1 tan 9
14. a. The expression factors as: 3S 2 2S 8 3S 4 S 2
b. Factoring as in part a: 3sec2 2 sec 8 3sec 4 sec 2
15. a. Factoring as a difference of squares: 4C 2 1 2C 1 2C 1
b. Factoring as in part a: 4 cos2 B 1 2 cos B 1 2 cos B 1
16. a. Factoring the greatest common factor: 16S 3 9S 2 S 2 16S 9
b. Factoring as in part a: 16 sin 3 B 9 sin2 B sin 2 B 16 sin B 9
17. a. Factoring the greatest common factor: 9S 2 T 3 6ST 2 3ST 2 3ST 2
b. Factoring as in part a: 9 sec 2 B tan 3 B 6 sec B tan 2 B 3sec B tan 2 B 3sec B tan B 2
18. a. Factoring the greatest common factor: 5C 2 c2 15Cc 5Cc Cc 3
b. Factoring as in part a: 5 csc2 B cot 2 B 15 csc B cot B 5 csc B cot B csc B cot B 3
sin 2 A cos2 A sin A cos A sin A cos A
19. By factoring the numerator: sin A cos A

INSTRUCTOR USE ONLY

sin A cos A sin A cos
os A

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594
NOT FOR SALE
Chapter 7 The Trigonometric Functions

20. By factoring the numerator:

sin 4 A cos 4 A sin 2 A cos2 A sin2 A cos2 A sin A cos A sin A cos A
sin A cos A
cos A sin A cos A sin A cos A sin A
21. By using the identities for csc and sec :
1 1 1
sin 2 cos csc 3 sec sin2 • cos • 3 • csc
sin cos sin
1
22. By using the identities for csc and tan : sin csc tan sin • • tan tan
sin
cos B cos B
23. By using the identity for cot B: cot B sin 2 B cot B • sin 2 B • cos 2 B
sin B sin B
3sin 6 3 sin 2 3
24. By factoring the numerator and denominator:
sin 2 4 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2
cos 2 A cos A 12 cos A 3 cos A 4
25. By factoring the numerator: cos A 4
cos A 3 cos A 3
26. 2 2
By replacing cos A with 1 – sin A, and then factoring:
cos A 2 sin A cos A cos A 1 2 sin A
cos 2 A sin 2 A sin A 1 1 sin 2 A sin 2 A sin A 1
cos A 1 2 sin A
sin A 2 sin 2 A
cos A 1 2 sin A
sin A 1 2 sin A
cos A
sin A
cot A
27. By using the identities for tan and sec :
sin sin
tan tan cos cos
sec 1 sec 1 1 1
1 1
cos cos
sin sin
1 cos 1 cos
sin 1 cos sin 1 cos
1 cos 2
2 sin
sin 2
2
sin
2 csc
28. By using the identity for cot :
1 2 cos 2 cos 1 2 cos2 cos 2 1 2 cos 2 1 cos2 sin 2 sin
cot tan
sin cos sin sin cos sin cos sin cos sin cos cos

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 Exercise Set 7.4 595

29. By using the identities for sec A, csc A, tan A and cot A:
1 1 sin A cos A
sec A csc A tan A cot A •
cos A sin A cos A sin A
1 sin 2 A cos2 A
sin A cos A
1 sin 2 A cos 2 A
sin A cos A
1 1
sin A cos A
0
30. By using the identities for sec A and tan A:

1 sin A 1 sin A 1 sin A 1 sin A 1 sin 2 A cos2 A

sec A tan A sec A tan A • 1
cos A cos A cos A cos A cos A cos A cos2 A cos2 A

An alternate approach is to first multiply out the parentheses:

1 sin 2 A 1 sin 2 A cos 2 A
sec A tan A sec A tan A sec2 A tan 2 A 1
cos 2 A cos 2 A cos 2 A cos 2 A
cos2 sin 2
cot 2 tan 2 sin 2 cos2
31. By using the identities for cot , tan , csc and sec : cos2 sin 2 1
csc 2 sec 2 1 1
sin 2 cos2
32. By using the identity for tan :
sin sin
• sin cos sin
tan tan sin cos sin cos cos
sin tan sin
sin •
cos
sin sin 2 sin cos 2
sin 2
sin 1 sin cos2
sin 2
sin 1 cos2
sin
sin sin 2
sin
1 sin
33. Since 3 (third quadrant), cos < 0 and thus:
2

cos 1 sin 2 1 3 2 1 9 16 4
5 25 25 5
3
sin 5 3
tan 4
cos 4
5
34. Since 3 (fourth quadrant), sin < 0 and thus:
2
2

sin 1 cos 2 1 5 2 25
1 169 144 12
13 169 13
5

INSTRUCTOR
R USE ONLY
cos 13 5
cot 122
sin 12
13

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596
NOT FOR SALE
Chapter 7 The Trigonometric Functions

35. Since 2
t (second quadrant), cos t < 0 and thus:
2
3 13
cos t 1 sin 2 t 1 4
3
1 16 13
16 4
3
sin t 4 3 39
tan t
cos t 13 13 13
4
13 2
36. Since sec we must have cos , and since sin > 0:
2 13
2
2 3
sin 1 cos2 1 4
1 13 9
13
13 13
3
sin 13 3
tan 2
cos 2
13
37. Since sec 17 we must have cos 15 . Since (second quadrant), sin > 0 and thus:
15 17 2

sin 1 cos 2 1 15 2 1 225 64 8

17 289 289 17
1 17
csc 8
sin
15
cos 17 15
cot 8
sin 8
17
1 1 3
38. Since csc 3 and sin , then sin . Now find cos :
csc 3 3
sin 2 cos 2 1
2
1
cos 2 1
3
1 cos 2 1
3
cos 2 2
3
cos 2 (since cos 0)
3
2 3 6
cos •
3 3 3
3 6
So sin and cos .
3 3
39. Substituting sin 1 into cos2 = 1 – sin2 yields: cos 2 1 1 2 1 1 24
5 5 25 25

24 2 6
Since the terminal side of lies in quadrant 2, cos < 0 and thus: cos 25 5
Now compute the remaining four trigonometric values:
1 2 6
sin 5 1 6 cos 5
tan cot 2 6
cos 2 6 2 6 12 sin 1
5 5
1 1 5 5 6 1 1
sec csc 5

INSTRUCTOR
R USE ONLY
cos 2 6 2 6 12 ssin 1
5 5

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 NOT FOR SALE Exercise Set 7.4 597

40. Substituting sin 24 into cos2 = 1 – sin2 yields: cos 2 1 24 2 1 576 49

25 25 625 625

Since the terminal side of lies in quadrant 3, cos < 0 and thus: cos 49 7
625 25
Now compute the remaining four trigonometric values:
24 7
sin 25 24 cos 25 7
tan 7
cot 24
cos 7 sin 24
25 25
1 1 25 1 1 25
sec 7
csc 24
cos 7 sin 24
25 25

41. Substituting cos 3 into sin2 = 1 – cos2 yields: sin 2 1 3 2 1 9 16

5 5 25 25

Since the terminal side of lies in quadrant 3, sin < 0 and thus: sin 16 4
25 5
Now compute the remaining four trigonometric values:
4 3
sin 5 4 cos 5 3
tan 3
cot 4
cos 3 sin 4
5 5
1 1 5 1 1 5
sec 3
csc 4
cos 3 sin 4
5 5

42. Substituting cos 1 into sin2 = 1 – cos2 yields: sin 2 1 1 2 1

1 16 15
4 4 16

15 15
Since the terminal side of lies in quadrant 4, sin < 0 and thus: sin 16 4
Now compute the remaining four trigonometric values:
15 1
sin 4 cos 4 1 15
tan 15 cot
cos 1 sin 15 15 15
4 4
1 1 1 1 4 4 15
sec 4 csc
cos 1 sin 15 15 15
4 4

43. Since sec = 3, cos 1 . Substituting into sin2 = 1 – cos2 yields: sin 2 1 1 2 1 1 8
3 3 9 9

8 2 2
Since the terminal side of lies in quadrant 1, sin > 0 and thus: sin 9 3
Now compute the remaining three trigonometric values:
2 2 1
sin 3 cos 3 1 2
tan 2 2 cot
cos 1 sin 2 2 2 2 4
3 3
1 1 3 3 2
csc
sin 2 2 2 2 4
3
1 5
44. Since csc 5 , sin . Substituting into cos2 = 1 – sin2 yields:
5 5
2
1
cos2 1 1 1
5
4
5
5
4 2 2 5
Since the terminal side of lies in quadrant 4, cos > 0 and thus: cos

INSTRUCTOR USE ONLY

5 5
5

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598
NOT FOR SALE
Chapter 7 The Trigonometric Functions

Now compute the remaining three trigonometric values:

5 2 5
sin 5 1 cos 5
tan 2
cot 2
cos 2 5 sin 5
5 5
1 1 5 5
sec
cos 2 5 2 5 2
5
sin cos
45. Using the identities for sec and csc : sin cos sec csc 1
sin cos
sin 2 A sin 2 A cos 2 A 1
46. Using the identity for tan A: tan 2 A 1 1 sec 2 A
2 2 2
cos A cos A cos A
1 sin
sin sec sin • cos cos
47. Using the identities for sec and tan : 1
tan sin sin
cos cos
48. Working from the right-hand side and using the identity for sec :
1 1 cos 2 sin 2 sin
sec cos cos • sin tan sin
cos cos cos cos
49. Working from the right-hand side and using the identities for sec x and tan x:
1 5 sin x 1 5 sin x
sec x 5 tan x
cos x cos x cos x
1 1 sin 2 cos 2 cos
50. Working from the left-hand side: sin • cos cot cos
sin sin sin sin
1
51. Using the identity for sec A: cos A sec A cos A cos A cos A 1 cos2 A sin 2 A
cos A
sin cos sin cos
52. Using the identities for csc and sec : sin 2 cos 2 1
csc sec 1 1
sin cos
53. Multiplying out parentheses and using the identities for sec and tan :
1 sin sec tan sec tan sin sec sin tan
1 sin 1 sin
sin • sin •
cos cos cos cos
1 sin sin sin 2
cos
1 sin 2
cos
cos2
cos
cos
54. Working from the left-hand side:
2
cos sin 2 sin cos cos2 2 sin cos sin 2 2 sin cos sin 2 cos 2 1
55. Multiplying out parentheses and using the identities for sec and tan :
2 2 2 2
2 1 sin 1 sin 1 sin 1 sin 1 sin
sec tan
cos cos cos 2 1 sin 2 1 sin 1 sin 1 sin

INSTRUCTOR USE ONLY

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 NOT FOR SALE Exercise Set 7.4 599

56. Simplifying the left-hand side:

2
sin B 1 cos B sin 2 B 1 cos B
1 cos B sin B sin B 1 cos B
sin 2 B 1 2 cos B cos2 B
sin B 1 cos B
2 2 cos B
sin B 1 cos B
2 1 cos B
sin B 1 cos B
2
sin B
2 csc B
57. Working from the right-hand side and using identities for cot A and tan A:
sin A cos A sin A cos A
1 cot A tan A 1 1 cos A sin A 1
sin A cos A
sin 2 A cos 2 A
sin A cos A sin A cos A
sin A cos A sin A cos A
sin A cos A
sin A cos A
58. Working from the left-hand side and using the identity for sec C:
1 cos C 1 sec C 1 cos C sec C cos C sec C
1 1
1 cos C cos C •
cos C cos C
1
cos C
cos C
1 cos 2 C
cos C
sin 2 C
cos C
sin C
• sin C
cos C
tan C sin C
59. Working from the left-hand side and using identities for csc and sec :
1 1 cos 2 sin 2 1 1 1
csc2 sec 2 • csc 2 sec 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
sin cos sin cos sin cos sin cos 2
60. Using the identity cos2 = 1 – sin2 : cos2 sin2 1 sin 2 sin 2 1 2 sin 2

sin A sin 2 A 1 cos2 A

61. Using the identity for tan A and sin2 A = 1 – cos2 A: sin A tan A sin A •
cos A cos A cos A
62. Multiplying the left-hand side by tan A in both the numerator and denominator:
cot A 1 tan A cot A 1 1 tan A
cot A 1 tan A cot A 1 1 tan A

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600
NOT FOR SALE
Chapter 7 The Trigonometric Functions

63. Working from the right-hand side: 64. Working from the left-hand side:
cos A 4
1 cot 2 A tan 2 A cot A tan A cot A tan A
cot 4 A csc 4 A 2 2
4
sin A sin 4 A cot A tan A cot A tan A
1 cos A 1 cos 2 A
2
cot A tan A
cot A tan A
sin 4 A cos A sin A
sin A 1 cos 2 A
2 sin A cos A
cos A sin A
sin 4 A sin A cos A
1 cos 2 A cos 2 A sin 2 A
sin 2 A cos 2 A sin 2 A
1 cos 2 A cos 2 A 1 cos 2 A
sin 2 A sin 2 A 1
csc 2 A cot 2 A 2 cos2 A 1
65. Working from the left-hand side:
sin A cos A cos A sin A cos A sin A cos A sin A cos A sin A
sin A cos A sin A cos A
cos A sin A cos2 A sin A cos A sin 2 A
sin A cos A
2 cos A sin A cos 2 A sin 2 A
sin A cos A
1
2
sin A cos A
2 sec A csc A
66. Working from the right-hand side and using identities for tan A and tan B:
sin A sin B sin A cos B cos A sin B
tan A tan B cos A cos B cos A cos B sin A sin B sin A sin B
• tan A tan B
cot A cot B cos A cos B cos A sin B sin A cos B cos A cos B cos A cos B
sin A sin B sin A sin B
67. Since the height of the triangle is the y-coordinate of point P, the height is sin . Thus the area is:
area 1 (base)(height) 1 (2)(sin ) sin
2 2
68. a. The coordinates of P are P(cos , sin ) , and the coordinates of B are B(1, 0) . Thus the slope
sin 0 sin sin
of PB is m . Using function notation, the slope is m( ) .
cos 1 cos 1 cos 1
b. The coordinates of P are P(cos , sin ) , and the coordinates of A are A( 1, 0) . Thus the slope
sin 0 sin sin
of PA is m . Using function notation, the slope is m( ) .
cos 1 cos 1 cos 1
sin sin sin 2 sin 2 sin 2
c. Computing the product of the two slopes: • 1
cos cos 21 cos
1 1 cos 2
1 sin 2
d. Since the product of the two slopes is –1, the line segments PA and PB must be perpendicular.
69. a. Label point P as P(x,mx). Now draw the triangle:

mx
Using the right triangle: tan 180 m, since x 0
x

INSTRUCTOR USE ONLY

But 180
180° – is the reference angle for when is in the second quadrant, so: tan
t tan 180 m
Thus, using functional notation, m
m(( ) = tan .

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 NOT FOR SALE Exercise Set 7.4 601

3
sin120 2
b. i. Using our function from part a: m(120 ) tan120 3
cos120 1
2
ii. Using our function from part a: m(1) tan1 1.6
70. a. The coordinates of P are (cos , sin ) and the coordinates of P are cos( ), sin( ) .
Since P is a reflection of P through the origin, both the x and y coordinates must change sign.
Thus cos( ) cos and sin( ) sin .
sin( ) sin sin
b. Therefore: tan( ) tan
cos( ) cos cos
c. Using a calculator: sin(2 ) sin 2 0.9093, cos(2 ) cos 2 0.4161, tan(2 ) tan 2 2.1850
3
71. a. Start by testing the value = 30°. Since cos 30 and csc 30° = 2, the equation states that:
2
22 1 3
22 2
3 3
4 2
Since the left-hand side does not equal the right-hand side, this is not an identity.
2
b. Proceeding as in part a, test the value = 30°. Since sec 30 and csc 30° = 2, the equation states that:
3
2
2 2
1 2 1 1
3
4 1 4 1 1
3
1 •3 1
3
Since this is true, proceed by proving the identity:
1 1 1 cos 2 1 sin 2 sin 2 cos 2
sec 2 1 csc 2 1 1 1 • • 1
cos 2 sin 2 cos2 sin 2 cos 2 sin 2
3
72. a. Start by testing the value of = 30°. Since cos 30 , csc 30° = 2 and cot 30° = 3 , the equation states
2
that:
3
2 1 2
2 3
3
1 2
2 3
4 4 3 3
32
2
3 2 3
7 4 3 •
2 3 2 3
4 4 3 3
7 4 3
4 3
7 4 3 7 4 3
Since these two values are unequal, this is not an identity.

INSTRUCTOR USE ONLY

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602
NOT FOR SALE
Chapter 7 The Trigonometric Functions

1 3
b. Proceeding as in part a, test the value = 30°. Since sin 30 2
, cos 30 , cot 30° = 3 and csc 30° = 2,
2
the equation states that:
1
2
3 2
3
1 2
1
3 2
2 3
2 3 3 1
2
2 3
4 2 3
2
2 3
Since this is true, proceed by proving the identity:
sin cos sin
cot
1 cos sin 1 cos
cos 1 cos sin 2
sin 1 cos
cos2
cos sin 2
sin 1 cos
cos 1
sin 1 cos
1
sin
csc
73. a. Starting with the left-hand side, multiply the numerator and denominator by 1 + cos to
sin 1 cos sin 1 cos sin 1 cos 1 cos
obtain: •
1 cos 1 cos 1 cos 2 sin 2 sin
b. Starting with the left-hand side, multiply the numerator and denominator by sin to obtain:
sin sin sin 2 1 cos2 1 cos 1 cos 1 cos
•
1 cos sin sin 1 cos sin 1 cos sin 1 cos sin
74. Starting with the left-hand side, follow the hint to obtain:
2 sin 3 2 sin sin 2
1 cos 1 cos
2 sin 1 cos 2
1 cos
2 sin 1 cos 1 cos
1 cos
2 sin 1 cos
2 sin 2 sin cos
75. Starting with the left-hand side, use the identities for sec and csc , then multiply the resulting fraction by sin to
1 1 sin sin
sec csc cos sin cos sin tan 1
obtain:
sec csc 1 1 sin sin tan 1
cos sin cos sin

INSTRUCTOR USE ONLY

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 NOT FOR SALE Exercise Set 7.4 603

76. Working from the left-hand side:

sin 2 cos 2 sin 2 cos 2
1 1
1 cot 1 tan 1 cos sin
1 sin
cos
sin 3 cos 3
1
sin cos cos sin
sin 3 cos 3
1
sin cos
sin cos sin 2 sin cos cos2
1
sin cos
1 1 sin cos
sin cos
77. Starting with the left-hand side, use the identity for cot to obtain:
cos2 sin2
sin 2 1 n cot 2 sin 2 1 n• 2
sin 2 n cos2 cos2 2
n cos2 n tan 2
sin cos
78. Multiplying and collecting terms on the left-hand side:
2 2 2
r sin cos r sin sin r cos r 2 sin 2 cos2 sin 2 sin 2 cos 2
r 2 sin 2 cos2 sin 2 cos 2
r 2 sin 2 cos 2
r2
79. a. Using the difference of cubes formula A 3 B3 A B A2 AB B 2 :

cos 3 sin 3 cos sin cos2 cos sin sin2 cos sin 1 cos sin
b. Starting with the left-hand side, use the identities for cot , tan , sec and csc to obtain:
cos sin
cos cot sin tan cos • sin sin • cos
csc sec 1 1
sin cos
cos2 sin 2
sin cos
cos sin
sin cos
cos 3 sin 3
cos sin
cos sin 1 cos sin
cos sin
1 sin cos
80. a. Starting with sin2 + cos2 = 1, divide each side of the equation by cos2 to obtain:
sin 2 cos 2 1
cos 2 cos 2 cos2
2 2
sin 1
1
cos cos
tan 2 1 sec2
tan 2 sec 2 1

INSTRUCTOR USE ONLY

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604
NOT FOR SALE
Chapter 7 The Trigonometric Functions

b. Starting with sin2 + cos2 = 1, divide each side of the equation by sin2 to obtain:
sin 2 cos2 1
sin 2 sin 2 sin 2
2 2
cos 1
1
sin sin
1 cot 2 csc2
cot 2 csc2 1
1
81. Since tan tan 1 , tan . Using the identities from Exercise 80:
tan
1
sec 2 1 tan 2 1 1 cot 2 csc 2
2
tan
Since and are acute angles, sec > 0 and csc > 0, so sec2 = csc2 implies sec = csc .
82. Solve the first equation for A:
A sin cos 1
A sin 1 cos
1 cos
A
sin
Now solve the second equation for B:
B sin cos 1
B sin 1 cos
1 cos
B
sin
1 cos 1 cos 1 cos 2 sin 2
Now compute the product AB: AB • 1
sin sin sin 2 sin 2
83. Simplify the right-hand side of the equality:
a b sin cos sin cos sin cos sin cos 2 sin
tan
a b sin cos sin cos sin cos sin cos 2 cos
84. Recall that sin 2 cos2 1, so we have the system of equations:
a sin 2 b cos2
1
sin 2 cos2
1
Multiply the second equation by –b:
a sin 2 b cos 2 1
b sin 2 b cos 2 b
Adding yields:
a b sin 2 1 b
1 b
sin 2
a b
1 b (a b) (1 b) a 1
Therefore: cos 2 1 sin 2 1
a b a b a b
1 b
sin 2 a b 1 b b 1
Using the identity for tan : tan 2
cos 2 a
a
1
b
a 1 1 a
This proves the desired results.
85. a. Using 20 , calculate:
log10 sin2 20 0.9319 2 log10 sin 20 0.9319
The two expressions are equal.

INSTRUCTOR USE ONLY

b.. They are equal as long as sin
b 0 , thus ensuring log10 sin
n is defined. Thus they are equal on the interval
0 80 .
180

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