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Lets Play Herbal Doctor Joel D Wallach Ma Lan PDF Download

The document promotes the book 'Let's Play Herbal Doctor' by Joel D. Wallach and Ma Lan, which serves as a guide to using herbs for health and wellness. It emphasizes the historical significance of herbal medicine and its advantages over conventional pharmaceuticals. The authors, both experienced in medicine and herbal practices, aim to educate readers on the benefits and applications of herbal remedies.

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100% found this document useful (2 votes)
74 views85 pages

Lets Play Herbal Doctor Joel D Wallach Ma Lan PDF Download

The document promotes the book 'Let's Play Herbal Doctor' by Joel D. Wallach and Ma Lan, which serves as a guide to using herbs for health and wellness. It emphasizes the historical significance of herbal medicine and its advantages over conventional pharmaceuticals. The authors, both experienced in medicine and herbal practices, aim to educate readers on the benefits and applications of herbal remedies.

Uploaded by

satgururuchi76
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lets Play Herbal Doctor Joel D Wallach Ma Lan

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Ma Lan, MD, MS, LAc

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Let’s Play

HERBAL DOCTOR
An American Home Herbal

Joel D. Wallach, BS, DVM, ND


Ma Lan, MD, MS, L.Ac
M HERBAL DOCTOR
The information in this book is intended to be medical instruc­
tion. Its purpose is to be educational and informative. It is
assumed the user, as their own primary care provider, will con­
sult with or refer themselves to an herbalist, LAc, OMD, N.D.,
D.C. or D.VM. as they deem necessary.

Library o f Congress Cataloging in Publications Data:

Wallach, J.D. and Lan, Ma


M t Phuj H E R B A L D O C T O R
An American home herbal
References: pg 427
Index pg 429

1. Wholistic Health Care


2. Self-Help Health Care
3. Herbal Remedies
4. Herbal Medicine
5. Herbal Materia Medica
6. How do Herbs Work
7. Botanical Medicine
8. Medicinal Plants and Phytochemicals

M i Pioy H E R B A L D O C T O R
First Edition: February, 2001

COPYRIGHT © 2001 by
J.D. Wallach, Ma Lan and Wellness Publications, LLC
www. drj wallach. com
ISBN No. 0-9701490-7-7
All rights reserved

No part o f this book may be copied or reproduced in any form


without written consent o f the authors and publisher.
Printed and published by: Wellness Publications, LLC. Bonita, CA.
Table of Contents

About the Authors......................................................... pg i

Introduction: Dr. Joel Wallach and Dr. Ma L an.......... pg v

Preface: Dr. James Sensenig...................................... pg vii

Part 1 - The History of Herbal Medicine.................... pg 1

Part 2 - Growing, Harvesting, Selecting, Storage


and Processing of Herbs................ pg 15

Part 3 - How Do Herbs Work?.................................. pg 25

Part 4 - Home Herbal: Materia Medica.................... pg 39

Part 5 - Guide to Medicinal Plants.......................... pg 209

Part 6 - References.................................................. pg 453

Part 7 - Index........................................................... pg 457


JCet'o PEay H E R B A L D O C T O R i

About the authors


Dr. Joel D. Wallach
Dr. Wallach has been involved in biomedical research
and clinical medicine since 1958. He received his B.S.
Degree (1962 - agriculture) from the University o f Missouri
with a major in animal husbandry (nutrition) and a minor in
field crops; a D.VM. (1964 - veterinarian) from the
University o f Missouri; a three year post doctoral fellowship
from the Center for the Biology of Natural Systems,
Washington University (1966 - 68 -St. Louis, Mo.); and an
N.D. (1982 - naturopathic physician, herbal medicine,
Chinese Traditional Medicine, homeopathy) from the
National College of Naturopathic Medicine, Portland,
Oregon.
Dr. Wallach’s research has resulted in the publication of
more than 70 peer reviewed and refereed articles in the
fields o f nutrition and pharmaceutical research, 15 chapters
in eight multi-author textbooks and a text/reference book on
the subject o f comparative medicine and comparative
pathology (WB. Saunders Publishing Co., 1983 - 1,000
pages/2,000 illustrations).
Dr. Wallach’s research in comparative medicine is based
on 17,500 autopsies on more than 454 species of animals
and 3,000 humans (University of Missouri; Iowa State
University; The Center for the Biology of Natural Systems;
Washington University at St. Louis, Mo.; St. Louis
Zoological Gardens; the Chicago Zoological Gardens; the
University o f Tennesse; the Yerkes Regional Primate
Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta,
Georgia; the National College of Naturopathic Medicine,
Portland, Oregon; and the Harbin Medical University,
ii A b o u t th e au th ors

Harbin, Hei Long Jiang, Peoples Republic o f China.


Dr. Wallach was a member o f NIH (National Institute of
Health) site visit teams for four years and was a member of
the 1968 ad hoc committee that authored the 1968 Animal
Welfare Act (humane housing, diets and care of laboratory
and captive exotic species). Dr. Wallach was an associate
editor o f Quantum Medicine, the Journal of the Association
of Eclectic Physicians and Editor of the Journal o f Zoo
Animal Medicine. Dr. Wallach was the recipient of the 1998
Wooster Beech Gold Medal Award (Association of Eclectic
Physicians) for a significant breakthrough in the basic
understanding of the cause and pathophysiology of cystic
fibrosis; he was nominated for a Nobel Prize in Medicine
(1991) for his work with the trace mineral selenium (defi­
ciencies) and its relationship to the congenital genesis of
cystic fibrosis.
Dr. Wallach, along with Dr. Ma Lan, authored self-help
books designed for the general public including:

Let’s Play Doctor 1989; 2nd ed. 1999.

RARE EARTHS: forbidden cures. 1994.

Dead Doctors Don’t Lie 1999

Dr. Wallach’s audiocassette tape, Dead Doctors Don’t


Lie, was created in April of 1994 and by January 2,000
worldwide sales have exceeded more than 47 million
copies.

Dr. Ma Lan
Dr. Ma Lan was educated in the Peoples Republic of
China. Dr. Ma Lan received her M.D. degree from Beijing
JCet'a PEoy HERBAL DOCTOR iii

Medical University, took her residency in Peoples Hospital,


Beijing and was a staff surgeon at the Canton Air Force
Hospital; she received her M.S. degree (masters of science)
in transplant immunology from Zhong-Shan Medical
University, Canton, Peoples Republic of China. As with all
Chinese doctors, Dr. Ma Lan was educated in Traditional
Chinese Medicine (i.e.- acupuncture, Chinese herbal medi­
cine, physical manipulation, massage and hydrotherapy).
Dr. Ma Lan’s research credits include being an exchange
scholar at the Harvard School of Medicine, Boston (micro­
surgery); a research fellow in laser microsurgery at the St.
Joseph’s Hospital, Houston; the Department o f Orthopaedic
M icrosurgery at the M edical College o f Wisconsin,
Milwaukee; the Department of Pharmacology, the Univer­
sity o f California, San Diego.
Dr. Ma Lan co-authored the books Let’s Play Doctor,
RARE EARTHS: forbidden cures and Dead Doctors Don’t
Lie with Dr. Wallach.
Currently, Dr. Ma Lan is a licensed acupuncturist and
has her clinic in Bonita, California.
iv
£el^ Ptay H E R B A L D O C T O R v

Introduction
It is the purpose of this book, to offer basic knowledge
in the use of herbs for the health of the reader, their loved
ones and friends. Herbs are usually safer and more eco­
nomical than prescription and over the counter drugs, and
in most cases perform better than most drugs in accom­
plishing the therapy you want.
Herbs are plants that have pharmacological properties.
The science incorporating the use of herbs as medicine is
formally known as botanical medicine. The medically
active principles or chemicals in herbs are known as phyto­
chemicals. Herbs, in addition to being therapeutic, can be
used as condiments, seasoning for cooking, but can’t be
counted on for macro (carbohydrate, protein and fats) or
micro (vitamins, minerals, trace minerals and rare earths)
nutrients. Herbs are great plant medicines, and with few
exceptions (i.e.- avocado, celery, purselane, etc.), are not
used as food. Herbs are most effective and the therapy
results from herbs most consistent when used by a well -
nourished person.
The medical dictionary defines herbs as leafy non-
woody plants that die down to its roots each winter. This
definition is obviously too limited, as there are many med­
ically useful herbal preparations that come from trees (i.e.-
English hawthorne, slippery elm, black walnut, ginkgo, red
cedar, etc.) and tropical or semi-arid plants (i.e.- aloe, saw
palmetto, pineapple, papaya, etc.).
The use o f herbs as medicines is not limited to vegetar­
ians, hippies, people who do yoga and ancient oriental cul­
tures. Herbs have been used as medicines since the begin­
ning of recorded time by people of all stations, including
ancient Chinese emperors, Moses, Jesus, George
Washington, Davy Crocket, Sargent York, Audey Murphy,
the Beatles, Queen Elizabeth and astronauts. Herbs are still
vi Introduction
used today as medicines in all human cultures on all the
continents on earth (and we would venture to say, that if
there are intelligent beings living on far-flung planets, they
would be using herbs or phytochemicals derived from herbs
as medicines too!

Dr. Joel Wallach and Dr. Ma Lan


£eLa PM H E R B A L D O C T O R vii

Preface
Plants have been used by man for healing since the
beginning o f time, and thankfully are once again receiving
the attention they deserve as medicines. As a rapidly grow­
ing number o f people, including physicians, are discovering
the benefits o f herbal medicines accurate scientific and
clinical information about their uses is necessary.
If you are among the millions of people interested in
regaining or maintaining your health you will find JCeCa PM
HERBAL DOCTOR an invaluable addition to your per­
sonal library. It is the perfect companion to Dr. Wallach’s
and Dr. Ma Lan’s other self-help books including L e t’s Play
Doctor, Rare Earths, Forbidden Cures, and Dead Doctors
D o n ’t Lie.
We are living at a time when the successes of “Modern
Medicine” are overshadowed by the great harm, unexpect­
ed side effects, and death caused by it’s drugs and proce­
dures. This is a situation which was foreseen by the earliest
writers in natural medcine who predicted that people would
develop more health problems as the man-made medicines
and pharmaceuticals got stronger. This is because medi­
cines and pharmaceuticals as they are used today usually
treat the symptoms while the underlying illnesses are not
corrected.
Dr. Joel Wallach, with his extensive academic back­
ground in agricultural science, veterinary and human med­
icine has been teaching, lecturing and writing about the
simple, basic notion that health can be created by avoiding
pharmaceuticals as much as possible and by giving the
body the nutrients it needs to heal itself. Dr. Ma Lan ads
more than fifty years of experience and training in Oriental
medicine and the use of herbs as medicine.
viii P refa ce

The plants o f the Earth provide the most efficient way


for us to facilitate the use of those components. In fact, we
might think o f the greenery around us as nothing less than
miraculous. Plants take up the minerals and nutrients from
the soil, and using energy captured from the sun, convert
them to life sustaining food, medicines, and oxygen. The
idea is really quite simple. We were created out of the dust
o f the Earth, and as such our physical bodies require the
components of the Earth to grow properly and function
optimally.
I first met Dr. Wallach in 1978 when his research on the
nutritional treatment o f cystic fibrosis was attracting
national attention. At that time he was willing to risk the
criticism and derision of his colleagues by suggesting that
the course o f a supposedly genetic disease could be influ­
enced by vitamins and minerals. It was obvious to me that
he was a man on a mission.
In the more than twenty years since, he and Dr. Ma Lan
have dedicated themselves to improving human health.
They have lectured to tens of thousands o f people across the
United States, and millions have heard Dr. Wallach’s leg­
endary audio tape, “Dead Doctors Don’t Lie”. Their per­
sonal message, and that of classical naturopathic and tradi­
tional Chinese medicine is this: When you provide the body
with the nutrients it needs health and longevity is the
inevitable result. It is normal to be healthy.
I know that it is in that spirit that Dr. Wallach and Dr.
Ma Lan offer you Ptmj HERBAL DOCTOR. Enjoy it in
good health.

Dr. James Sensenig, N.D.


Founding President, Am erican Association of
Naturopathic Physicians
Past Vice President for Education, National College
£et’a PM H E R B A L D O C T O R ix

of Naturopathic Physicians (Oregon)


Past Chair of Government Affairs, American
Association of Naturopathic Physicians
Founding Dean, College of Naturopathic Medicine,
University of Bridgeport (Connecticut)
Visiting Professor, Southwest College of
Naturopathic Medicine (Arizona)
£et» PM H E R B A L D O C T O R 1

Part 1
The History of Herbal
Medicine
Herbal medicine is an ancient system of medicine that
was the academic domain of kings, shamans, prophets and
physicians, yet was generally available and understandable
to the average person. It employs plants to prevent and
reverse many symptoms and diseases. Traditional Chinese
medicine, Ayurvedic medicine from India, European folk
medicine, Native American, American folk medicine, eclec­
tic medicine, naturopathic medicine, American and African
folk medicine all have strong roots in herbal medicine.
Physical evidence of humans using herbal remedies
goes back to a burial site of a Neanderthal man uncovered
in 1960. Anthropologists working in an Iraqi cave, discov­
ered prehistoric human bones. An analysis o f the soil
around the bones revealed large quantities of plant pollen
from eight different species o f herbs. Seven of these plants
are still used today as herbal medicines, including Herba
Ephedrae (Ma Huang).
Americans, because of the melting-pot nature of our cul­
ture, have a rich history with herbal medicines. Herbal med­
icines were and still are the medicine of the average citizen.
The English, Spanish, French, Germans, Italians, Russians
and Africans all brought the dried herbs and seeds from
their homelands. The immigrants learned about local herbs
from the Native Americans and came up with a hybrid
herbal medicine system known as eclectic medicine - they
used and retained what worked for them and discarded
herbs that were difficult to obtain or that didn’t work.
2 P a rt 1

World War II brought the wonder, promise, magic and


mystery of “Wonder Drugs,” such as sulfa drugs, penicillin
and steroids. Medical doctors were so encouraged and mes­
merized by the benefits of these new “Wonder Drugs” that
they threw the baby out with the bath water. They convinced
everyone (even worse, they convinced themselves) that
given enough money for medical research, they could find
a Wonder Drug to fix everything.
When it became obvious to the average man on the
street that Wonder Drugs were not going to save mankind
from all his afflictions, the American medical profession
dropped a couple of notches in their credibility with the
American public.
Today, medical doctors are “betting the ranch” on the
discovery o f genetically engineered proteins that will cure
all o f our ills. Alarmed Americans were sensitized by the
fruitless hype given Wonder Drugs and have not been so
quick to rush to the hype generated for genetically engi­
neered proteins as the panacea to cure all ills. In fact since
1994 (dispite the success o f the genetech industry in the
stock market), more Americans have spent their own money
each year to visit alternative healthcare practitioners
(including herbalists) than have used their insurance poli­
cies to visit allopathic internists or family practitioners.
Eighty-five percent of all Americans still go for an annu­
al physical and even though they recognize that there are
problems with modern medicine, most believe America has
the best healthcare system in the world. The scorecard, how­
ever, doesn’t justify this blind faith.
According to the World Health Organization in a 1990
survey o f the top 32 industrialized nations, Americans
ranked 17th in longevity - there are 16 other First World
countries whose people live longer than we do - we don’t
even rank in the top ten! In the same (WHO) survey we rank
JCet* PM H E R B A L D O C T O R 3

19th in healthfiilness - there are 18 other First World coun­


tries whose peoples live longer than we do before they
develop diabetes, heart disease, cancer, osteoporosis or
Alzheimer’s disease. We don’t even rank in the top ten for
longevity or healthfulness even though we spent $1.5 tril­
lion for healthcare in 1998 and we have the most techno­
logically advanced healthcare system in the world.
In the same 1990 WHO survey, the Japanese ranked
number one in health and longevity, they live more than four
years longer than Americans do and have half our annual
cancer rate. The Japanese fry everything, smoke ten times
more than Americans do, we dropped two atomic bombs on
them and yet they live longer than we do and have half the
cancer rate - what is the Japanese secret?
In June o f 2000 the WHO published an update on the
1990 longevity and healthfullness study which showed that
“America slipped lower still to 24th” on the longevity and
healthfulness charts while the Japanese maintained their
position as number one.
In January of 1993 Ralph Nader and Sydney Wolf pub­
lished a report stating that, “Doctors kill 150,000 to 300,000
Americans each year in hospitals alone as a result of med­
ical negligence.”
In January o f 1995, the U.S. News and World Report in
a cover-article, said that “Doctors kill more than 140,000
Americans each year in hospitals alone as a result of
polypharmacy - a deadly cocktail of two or more prescrip­
tion and/or over the counter drugs.
In November of 1995, Harvard Medical School and
RAND o f Boston said that, “Doctors kill 180,000
Americans and injure 1.3 million Americans each year in
hospitals alone as a result o f medical negligence. They went
on to say that doctors do not confess to these travesties -
their code o f silence prevents 98.5 percent of the injured and
4 P art 1

survivors o f those killed from being informed o f the in-hos-


pital carnage and from being properly compensated.
In March o f 1998, The Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention reported that there are 2 million infections
inflicted on the American public each year in hospitals
alone (90,000 o f which are fatal) as a result o f medical neg­
ligence - through video survelance, they learned that as
many as 78 per cent o f doctors don’t wash their hands after
they go potty or in-between patients - there has not been
much progress since the days o f Semelwiess (1700s) who
noted that childbirth fever that killed 50% of the women
who delivered their babies in hospitals with doctors (com­
pared with 0% with midwives), because doctors did not
wash their hands after doing autopies o f women who had
died o f childbirth fever!
In military terms o f casualties, killed and wounded,
there are 3.5 million casualties inflicted on the American
public in hospitals alone each year as a result o f medical
negligence - or “Friendly Fire.” This is the equivalent o f a
747 jumbo jet going down and killing more than 329 peo­
ple each day - the FAA would ground the 747 commercial
fleet until the problem was identified and solved - why do
we tolerate less scrutiny and control over medical enterpris­
es.
In September, October and November o f 1999,
American doctors grudgingly admitted in the national
media that they do kill between 80,000 and 120,000
Americans per year as a result o f “medical accidents.” We
would not tolerate 3.5 million casualties each year in our
military or civilian police from “Friendly Fire” or from hos­
tile fire for that matter. We would not tolerate 3.5 million
casualties each year in air transportation - look at the inves­
tigative and recovery effort put forth when one airliner
crashes (over $2 billion per accident).
£et« PM H E R B A L D O C T O R 5

In 1998 and 1999 large pharmaceutical companies that


had been pooh-poohing herbs for 80 years bought up small
and medium-sized herbal companies and began selling
herbs from garlic to St. John’s wort under their brand name
- they saw the writing on the wall. Except for individual
recreational abuse o f purified phytochemicals (i.e.-
ephedrine, etc.) there are few, if any, casualties inflicted on
the American public in any year by the legitimate use of
medicinal herbs.
Pulling away from the expense and risk of doctors, phar­
maceuticals and medical procedures is not enough to save
ourselfs from pain, illness and premature death. We need to
redirect and re-educate ourselves. Reading 15 to 30 minutes
a day can accomplish this responsibility. Remember that
herbs are plant medicines, not nutrition - we are still
responsible for supplementing with all 90 essential nutrients
each day for optimal health and longevity.
The Chinese had large complex pharmacopeias in 3,000
B.C. and the Persians are said to have used plants medici­
nally as long as 6,000 years ago. An Assyrian, King
Asurbipal, had a list of 250 plant drugs in 2,500 B.C.
Bits of evidence shows that at the dawn of Chinese his­
tory, before the second millennium B.C., Chinese herbal
medicine was very different from that described in the
Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic. The primary health care
doctors were shamans (wu), of whom many were women.
The costumes o f these early Chinese shamans all depicted
birds, like the dress of Siberian and North American
shamans and medicine men. In the sixth century B.C.,
physicians and shamans were linked - Confucius stated, “A
man without persistence will never make a good shaman or
a good physician.”
The discovery of 11 medical reports from the Ma Wang
Dui Tomb Three in Hunan province in 1973 added to the
6 Part 1

basic understanding of the earliest Chinese medical period.


The burial is dated 168 B.C. and the text which was written
on silk, was composed before the end of the third century
B.C. Some o f the texts deal with exercise, diet and Channel
therapy (moxibustion). Those texts dealing with herbal
medicine blend magic and herbs. The largest of these man­
uscripts is called Prescriptions for Fifty-two Ailments. This
text is primarily a pharmacological collection with discus­
sions on prescriptions. Over 250 medicinal substances are
listed. Herbs and woody plants predominate, however,
grains, legumes, fruit, vegetables and animal tissue and
organs, substances derived from the human body (i.e.- hair,
urine, etc.) and minerals are also mentioned.
The Divine Husbandman’s Classic o f the Materia
Medica was in existence by the first century A.D. It contains
364 listings, one for each day of the year. There are 252
herbal entries, 45 minerals, and 67 animal tissues and
organs.
A revised materia medica appeared in 659 A.D. It had
844 listings and was China’s first illustrated materia medica.
The materia medica of the Song dynasty (960 - 1279 A.D.)
contained 1,558 substances. The Grand Materia Medica,
published in 1596 A.D. included 1,892 substances - 1,173
from plants, 444 from animals and 275 minerals.
A twenty-five-year project, Encyclopedia of Traditional
Chinese Medicinal Substances contains 5,767 herbs and
herbal combinations that were published in 1977 by the
Jiangsu Provinecial College near Shanghai.
Early references found in Japanese mythology blame
disease on the adverse influences of spirits and the vapors
of “night soil” or feces (perhaps the earliest reference to the
concept “that all disease originates in the colon”).
Traditional Chinese medicine was brought to Japan through
Korean merchants and monks. Koreans adopted Chinese
£et* PUwj H E R B A L D O C T O R 7

medicine into their culture; the Korean form of Chinese


medicine was adopted by the Japanese during the reign of
Emperor Ingyo (411-453 A.D.). Physicians from Korea con­
tinued to arrive in Japan through the next century and dur­
ing the reign of the Empress Suiko (592-628 A.D.),
Japanese physicians and medical students were sent direct­
ly to China for their studies.
During the Nara period (710-793 A.D.) the influence of
Chinese culture and medicine continued to grow, especially
through the efforts of Buddhist monks. The most famous
Traditional Chinese Medicine expert amongst the Chinese
monks was known to the Japanese as Ganjin.
Even though Ganjin lost his eyesight during his journey
to Japan, his knowledge of herbs and Chinese medicine and
his hunger to teach Japanese students resulted in his becom­
ing a legend in Japan.
The oldest Japanese reference to herbal medicine,
Ishinpo, was composed in 984 A.D. by Yasuyori Tanba. It
contains references from over 200 medical writings from
China o f the Sui (581-618 A.D.) and Tang (618-907 A.D.)
dynasties, and is a valuable tool for studying the early his­
tory o f Traditional Chinese medicine. The academic and
philosophical level of herbal knowledge was only practiced
by the educated nobility, while the herbal treatments of the
peasants were made available through monks and shamans.
Toward the end of the Muromachi period (1333-1573
A.D.), the Japanese began to develop their brand of Oriental
medicine. This reflected the convulsive changes in China
during the Jin (1115-1234 A.D.) and Yuan (1279-1368 A.D.)
dynasties. Upon returning from his medical studies in China
Sanki Tashiro (1465-1537 A.D.) established the Gosei
School (the school of later development). The Gosei School
followed the teachings of the famous Chinese physicians,
Zhu Dan-Xi and Li Dong-Yuan and followed their theories
8 P a rt 1

of tonifying medicines.
The Japanese physician Dozan Manase (1507-1594
A.D.), a student of Sanki, simplified the Gosei School’s
methods. The simplification o f Chinese theory and the
reliance on the physician’s own experience and insight
became one o f the hallmarks o f Japanese Oriental
Medicine.
The most influential physician in the last 300 years of
herbal medicine in Japan was Todo Yoshimau (1702-1773
A.D.). His diagnostic techniques relied upon a collection of
visible signs and symptoms known as “sho,” with an
emphasis on abdominal examination. Todo wrote a book on
the medicinal effects o f herbs called the YAKUCHO
(Characteristics o f Medicines). He tested the properties
attributed to herbs and only supported those that he could
verify through clinical studies (perhaps the first clinical
studies o f medicinal herbs).
The first knowledge recorded after the discovery of
writing was collections o f medicinal plants, indicating the
importance placed on herbal medicines in the dawn o f man.
The earliest written records are the Egyptian papyrus and
Mesopotamian-Babylonian clay tablets. The Ebers Papyrus,
the most important of the preserved Egyptian manuscripts
(1,500 B.C.), records information accumulated from earlier
knowledge. It contains 876 prescriptions made up of more
than 500 different plants, animal parts and minerals. These
include Radix Gentianae Scabrae (Long Dan Cao), Folium
Sennae (Fan Xie Ye), Myrrha (Mo Yao), Gummi Olibanum
(Ru Xiang), Pericarpium Papaveris Somniferi (Ying Su Ke),
Herba Aloes (Lu Hui), Herba Menthae (Bo He), Cortex
Cinnamoni Cassiae (Rou Gui), Flos Carthami Tinctorii
(Hong Hua) and Receptaculum Nelumbinis Nuciferae (Lian
Fang). A wide variety o f animal materials are listed, includ­
ing the feces o f animals from the Nile. Minerals listed
Ueta PM H E R B A L D O C T O R 9

included iron, lead, magnesium, lime, soda and nitre.


The ancient Egyptian writings indicate clearly what part
of the plant or animal to use, indications, dosage, and the
method and time of administration precisely recorded.
Methods o f preparation included infusions, decoctions,
macerations, fumigations, inhalations, gargles, injections,
pills, powders, salves, plasters, confections, and poultices.
The fragments of a Babylonian drug store inventory from
the first millennium B.C. lists 250 herbs, animal materials
and minerals similar to those used in Egypt.
The Egyptian and Mesopotamian herbal records closely
parallel the style of the medical texts unearthed from the Ma
Wang Dui Tomb in China. Spells, rituals, amulets and
charms are associated with many of the herbal prescrip­
tions.
The medical system in India before the formation of
Ayurvedic medicine was similar to that of ancient Egypt
and China. The earliest religious writings of India, the Rig
Veda, blamed disease directly on the punishment o f the
gods for sins or the gods allowing the demons of illness to
have their way with the errant patient. A new medicine arose
in India based on the philosophies o f Upanishads,
Buddhism and other schools of thought. The Indians devel­
oped a complicated cosmology and medicine based on five
basic principles of earth, water, fire, air and ether, two qual­
ities of hot and cold, six bodily elements of chyle, blood,
flesh, bones, marrow and semen and a vital force known as
prana. The three doshas, pitta, vayu and kapha are the pri­
mary quality configurations or humors for Ayurvedic med­
icine. The classic Ayurvedic work on internal medicine, the
Characka Samhita, lists 582 medicinal substances - 350
from plants, 177 from animals and 60 from minerals. The
main Ayurvedic book on surgery, the Susruta Samhita, lists
600 herbal remedies and 125 surgical instruments. The
10 P a rt 1

Indian Materia Medica, published in 1908 A.D. listed 2,982


medicinal plants and had delisted minerals and animal sub­
stances from medicinal lists.
The West made a transition from a magical herbal
approach to a rational herbal approach similar that seen in
China. Hippocrates (b.460 B.C.) rejected “witch doctors,
faith healers, quacks and charlatans.” Hippocrates observed
that, “all disease had a natural origin.” The writings of
Hippocrates contain prognosis, diagnosis, theory and ethics
o f medicine. He lists 250 medicinal herbs and a total o f 400
edible plants.
One o f the earliest collections o f medical knowledge
(Rhizotomikon) was of Greek origin. It was compiled and
written by D iodes o f Caryatos, a pupil o f Aristotle.
Additional Greek and Roman compilations followed, but
none were as complete or as important as Dioscorides,
which was written in the first century A.D. and better known
by its Latin name (De Materia Medica). The book contains
a listing of 950 medicinal substances, 600 o f which are of
herbal origin, the rest are from animal and mineral sources.
Galen o f Pergenum (130-201 A.D.) is considered to be
the father o f Western systematic therapeutics. Galen
assigned “humoral” qualities to each herb. The first set of
qualities o f warm and cold were similar to the Chinese
Classic o f the Materia Medica and moist and dry. Warm,
cold, moist and dry combined to form secondary qualities
(i.e.- taste, smell, hardness, degrees o f softness, damp-cold
and dry-warm). A third set of qualities, tota substantia, was
the herb’s effect on the physiology o f the body and symp­
toms that they produced. Each quality was rated in four lev­
els or degrees according to the intensity o f effect. The first
degree worked “unnoticed,” the second degree “openly,” the
third degree “intensely or violently,” and the fourth degree
worked “completely or destructively.” The patient was
LeVa PM H E R B A L D O C T O R 11

assessed for these qualities, characteristics and symptoms


and the herb was chosen accordingly. Galen’s concepts
became the very heart of Western herbalism until the
Renaissance and the scientific revolution.
Herbal medicine has been a medical orphan for the last
300 years. Herbal medicine became an alternative path to
Western medicine, its accumulated knowledge preserved by
“alternative” healthcare practitioners who are politically
subjected to a lower status than physicians and surgeons
(MD, DO or allopathic physician). Allopathic physicians
have no reverence for nutritional or herbal approaches to
healthcare.
If one person could be identified as the agent of this
fracture in medical thinking, it would be Paracelsus (1493-
1541 A.D.). Paracelsus was a magician of the Renaissance
who looked for the essence or the soul behind the physical
appearance o f materials living and nonliving. He used
alchemy, chemical preparations of minerals including
arsenic, sulfur, lead, copper, iron, silver, gold, mercury and
antimony to seek invisible forces associated with inorganic
materials. He used minerals that the Chinese and Arabs had
used for skin problems and began to administer them for
treatments o f internal problems. Paracelsus believed that the
action of a remedy did not depend on its assigned qualities
(i.e.- hot, cold), but on its specific physiologic effects.
Paracelsus introduced the concept that specific diseases
could be treated with specific medicines rather than trying
to “balance” humoral imbalances. He believed there was a
powerful “magic bullet” treatment for each disease.
Exciting new herbs were imported from the West that could
be used specifically to treat disease. These included
Peruvian bark (Cinchona succiruba) used for malaria,
ipecac (Cephaelis iopecauanha) for dysentery, guaiac
(Guaiacum officinale) and sarsaparilla (Smilax omata) for
12 P a rt 1

syphilis and cocaine for pain.


The seventeenth century produced the “Doctorine of
Signatures,” which puts forth the theory that certain plants
and plant parts looked like various human organs as a “God­
given clue” to what medical value each had. In 1653,
Nicolas Culpepper (1616-1654 A.D.) published the
“English Physician’s Complete Herbal” for the poor and
uneducated. Culpepper mocked both the new chemical and
exotic herbal remedies and the complicated remedies the
Galenists used to “balance humors.” According to
Culpepper, herbs were supposed to be “cheap but whole­
some Medicine, not, sending them (patients) to the East
Indies for Drugs, when they may fetch better out of their
own gardens.” Culpepper took almost all references to hot
and cold, qualities and quantities out of his herbal and added
in more astrological reference points. Culpepper made the
herbs o f the West “quaint, innocent, folksy and charming.”
European settlers to North America brought European
medicinal herbs with them. As the new “American” inter­
faced with Native Americans, they began to incorporate
local medicinal herbs into their frontier culture. Joseph
Doddridge noted in his Settlement and Indian Wars (1876)
that butternut (Juglans cinerea) was peeled downward if it
was to be used as a purgative (laxative) and peeled upward
if it was to be used as an emetic (induces vomiting). Near
the end o f the 18th century, Samuel Thompson (1769 - 1843)
developed the first truly American treatment system that
decreed “All disease is caused by cold.” The Thompsonian
system used emetics, purgatives and stimulents to “sweat­
ing,” vapor bathes and North American herbs. The two pri­
mary herbs in the Thompsonian system are red pepper
(Cayenne sp p ) a stimulating herb and lobelia (Lobelia
inflata), an emetic, relaxant and stimulating herb function
by raising the body temperature and dilating small arteries
le ft Phuj H E R B A L D O C T O R 13

and capillaries.
Eclectic medicine, as a science, was founded by
Dr.Wooster Beech (1794 - 1868) in the 1830s. Beech
learned both herbal medicine and the conventional medi­
cine of his day. Beech combined the sciences of physiology
and pathology with the best of the North American herbal
tradition. Beech believed that Thompsonian medicine was
too simplistic and tried to use the homeopathic concept of
low dosages to maximize effect and safety. B eech’s
approach was so effective that at the height of Eclectic med­
icines popularity in 1909, there were 8,000 registered mem­
bers that held recognized medical qualifications.
A spin-off group bom of Beech’s Eclectic-approach,
were the Physiomedicalists. Using herbs as their primary
treatment approach in their practice, these physicians
worked to get “the organic tissues harmonized with the vital
force,” with the ultimate goal of the body and vital force in
equilibrium. Physiomedicalists employed herbs to induce
vomiting - pokeweed (Phytolacca decandra) - to cleanse
the stomach and then use immune - stimulant - echinacea
(Echinacea spp), tonic and anti-inflammatory goldenseal
(Hydrastis canadensis) herbs to aid recovery.
Natural medicine flourished in the second half of the 19th
century in North America with the appearance of Eclectic
medicine, Naturopathic medicine, Osteopathic medicine,
Chiropractic medicine and Homeopathic medicine.
However, herbal medicine was relegated to a second-class
medicine after the Flexner Report (funded by the
Rockerfeller’s), which dried up public and private funding
for herbal studies in medical schools. Herbal medicine
became the specialty of Naturopathic physicians, herbalists
and Oriental medical doctors. According to the WHO as
many as 80 percent of the world’s population depends on
herbs for primary health care.
14 P a rt 1

Bach flower remedies were developed at the turn of the


19th century into the 20th century by an English homeopath­
ic physician, Dr. Edward Bach. Bach believed that negative
emotional or psychological states were the basis o f all phys­
ical disease. Bach identified 38 wildflowers with healing
properties and used them to make “mother tinctures” from
which all the Bach flower remedies were made.
Aromatherapy, a variation of herbal medicine that
employed the essential oils from plants, became a scientific
curiosity in the late 1930’s when a French chemist (Rene’-
Maurice Gattefosse) doused his scalded hand into a beaker
of pure lavender oil. To Gattfosse’s surprise the pain and
redness disappeared immediately and the burn was healed
within hours.
Herbs were part of the revolutionary, anti-establishment
“hippy” culture o f the “sixties” in the United States. During
the 80’s and 90’s herbs gained a prominent place in the
American “baby boomers” household home pharmacy.
Laws (DSHEA) reclassifying herbs as “food-supple­
ments” were passed by the United States Congress in 1994
to prevent the FDA from controlling their use, these laws
allowed more public access to medicinal herbs in America.
£eti Ptay H E R B A L D O C T O R 15

Part 2
Growing, Harvesting,
Selecting, Storage and
Processing of Herbs
Harvesting Wild Crafted Herbs
Wild crafted herbs are free and provide a natural source
of remedies. Phytochemicals, phytonutrients and active
principles are usually more concentrated in wild crafted
herbs because they are selectively growing in their optimal
natural environment.

Identification
Absolute accuracy in identification of wild herbs is a
must as misidentification can be dangerous or even fatal.
Use a field quide for wild plants and herbs with colored
photographs for safety - if there is any question of identifi­
cation don’t harvest the plant!

Rare and Endangered Herbs


Do not pick endangered plants! Obey the rules of coun­
ty, state and national parks. Common weeds and herbs can
be picked on your own property and with permission on
other private property and only on public lands if it is post­
ed as legal in print. Do not collect more than you absolute­
ly need and never harvest tree or brush bark from parks or
public land (exceptions would be bark from cut wood or
bark from storm-downed limbs).
16 P a rt 2

Home Cultivated Herb Garden


Choose a variety of hardy herbs for your outdoors gar­
den that will do well in a temporate climate and establish
dense foliage. Classic medicinal herbs that flourish in
American gardens include thyme (Thymus vulgaris), sage
(Salvia officinalis), German chamomile (Chamomilla recu­
tita), lady’s mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris), lavender
(Lavandula officinalis), aloe (Aloe vera), comfrey
(Symphytum officinale), feverfew (Tanacetum partheni-
um), lemon balm (M elissa officinalis), calendula
(Calendula officinalis), peppermint (Mentha piperita), rose­
m ary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and St.-John’s-wort
(Hypericum perforatum).
Container gardens produce herbs, spices and can bring
emotional joy (just looking at a thriving plant can be very
comforting); Large numbers of medicinal herbs such as
peppermint (Mentha piperita), bay laurel (Laurus nobilis),
lemon grass (Cymbopogon citrates), holy basil (Ocimum
sanctum) and aloe (Aloe vera) can be successfully cultivat­
ed indoors in pots, hanging baskets and window boxes.
Seeds can be planted directly in tilled garden soil or
inside containers until they are large enough to be trans­
planted outdoors. Plants destined for the outdoors garden
should be put outside only after the threat of frost has past
and the soil is warm.
Cuttings can be collected from vigorus herbs at the junc­
tion o f a leaf and stem joint and rooted in a container filled
with water. Once rootlets have appeared the herb can be
transferred to prepared soil in a pot or the outdoors garden.

Soil Preparation
You can maximize your herb garden harvest by giving
your herbs their favorite environment. Some herbs like wet
M PM H E R B A L D O C T O R 17

soil and environments, much like you would find in a tem­


perate woods (i.e.- horsetail) and some like sandy well-
drained desert conditions (i.e. - aloe); therefore you will
want to have several different beds or mini-fields with dif­
ferent microenvironments taking into account prefered time
of planting and harvest, the herb’s need for shade, moisture
and ph (acidity) o f soil.
To prevent pollutants from contaminating your herbs,
when you pick bed sites pay attention to prevailing winds
(agricultural oversprays, an overzealous neighbor), proxim­
ity to chemicals (old garages, factories and land fills) and
roadside ditches (lead, fuel, oil, antifreeze). Many herbs can
be grown pollution-free indoors on the kitchen windowsill.
Soil preperation includes removing all weeds (any plant
you do not want growing in your herb bed), breaking up the
soil (shovel, hoe, motorized tiller or tractor drawn imple­
ments), mulching (adding organic material to feed gound
bacteria, aerate soil and hold water - preferably compost)
and fertilizing (adding granulated humic shale and steer
manure).

Watering
Water heavily when the herb is first planted - only water
weekly thereafter as herbs often produce phytochemicals
and phytonutrients in greater quantities during dry condi­
tions. Many herbs, including peppermint (Mentha piperita)
flourish when their leaves are “misted” once each day.

Harvest From Your Own Garden


Homegrown cultivated herbs provide a predictable
source o f medicinal plants and their biologically active phy­
tochemicals. Harvesting “domestic” herbs can be done in a
controlled fashion associated with pruning and shaping.
Don’t overcut and you may get two or three harvests per
year.
18 P a rt 2

Clipping an herbs leaves and bark often stimulates the


production o f the useful medicinal factors (phytochemicals)
in herbs. The medicinal value of the plant is part of its
defense mechanism - the more that you, deer or insects
attack the herb the more “medicine” it produces!
Optimal harvesting times vary with the herb, however, in
general, hot dry days are best for harvesting leaves; roots
are best collected in the spring and fall; bark in the spring.
In general leaves contain the most active principal when
they first open in the spring, early summer and regrowth
after pruning, flowers when the bud first opens, fruit and
berries when they first ripen, roots in the late fall and bark
in the spring or fall (take care not to “ring” the tree or
shrub).
You can use freshly clipped green herbs for salads and
cooking; you can freeze them in zip-loc bags, dry them in
food dehydrators or prepare them as tinctures. Herbs col­
lected for dried bulk herbs should be stored in paper bags to
prevent the growth of molds and mildew.
Light, heat and oxygen have a dramatic negative effect
on stored herbs. Store bulk herbs in cool dark places, freeze
them or make tinctures to extend shelf life.

Harvest Equipment and Tools


Wear gloves to reduce the possability of scratches, cuts
and punctures. Collect herbs with a sharp folding knife or
scissors to reduce bruising the plant and damage to medici­
nal properties. Use a flat tray or “winnowing” basket to col­
lect herbs to prevent damage to the harvested plants and
flowers. Carry wild gathered herbs in a cotton or canvas bag
to prevent mold formation (nerver use nylon or plastic
bags!). Your pocket herb identification book should be with
you at all times to avoid collecting endangered plants or poi­
sonous ones.
PM H E R B A L D O C T O R 19

Processing and Preservation


Salad greens and cooking herbs should be eaten quickly
or stored for a short time in a cooler or refrigerator crisper
drawer. Only collect the amount of herbs that you will be
able to eat or process that day as the phytochemicals and
phytonutrients in young shoots, leaves and flowers of the
medicinal herb oxidizes rapidly and soon lose their activity.
Unprocessed or unconsumed herbs containing volatile oils
quickly give up their aromatic medicinal phytochemicals.
The oldest, simplest and the most economical way to
preserve herbs, for storage is the process of drying. Use
plain brown, unwaxed and unprinted paper to dry herbs on
to prevent contamination. Properly dried herbs will have
less than 14 percent moisture. All parts o f the herb above the
soil level (aerial parts - leaves, twigs, stems, flowers, fruit,
etc.) can be dried by tying them in loose bundles and hang­
ing them in a warm, dark and dry place (attic, barn, shed,
etc.).
Separate the dried leaves, twigs and flowers from the
herb stems to a dry piece of unprinted paper - this sepera-
tion process is known as “garbling.” The dried stems can be
cut into two to three inch pieces for storage. Dried herbs can
be stored for several months in a brown glass jar or brown
paper bag.
Large flowers should be cut from the stem and placed
flat on plain paper - the flowers can then be placed in a
warm oven or dehydrator for drying.
Small flowers should be picked with six to eight inches
o f stems attached. Hang the small flowers upside down in a
paper bag with the stems sticking outside to avoid losing
petals as they dry.
Fruits and berries should be harvested in early fall when
they are ripe but still firm. Berries, cherries (remove pits)
and grapes (use seedless) can be dried whole, larger fruit
20 P a rt 2

such as apricots, plums, apples and pears should be cut into


1/8 inch slices and the seeds removed to allow proper dry­
ing. Place berries and prepared fruit on several layers of
paper towels and put the tray in a warm oven (oven should
be off and leave the door ajar) for three to four hours. A
modern food dehydrator will do a great job o f drying herbs.
Roots, rhizomes, tubers and bulbs are traditionally har­
vested in the fall after the aerial (above ground) portions of
the herb have become dormant for the winter, before the
ground becomes wet or hard frozen. Roots are dug up, soil
removed by tapping and shaking, trim off the desired quan­
tity o f root material, replant original plant. Wash the col­
lected root with a brush and clean water. Slice the collected
roots into coin-sized pieces - place them on clean unwaxed
paper and dry them in a warm oven or food dehydrator.
Seeds are collected after they are fully formed and dry.
Large seeds (i.e.- sunflowers, etc.) are plucked by hand and
stored in labled envelopes or bottles. Small seeds (i.e.- cel­
ery, etc.) are collected by shaking the dried flower or seed
head over clean paper and stored in labled envelopes or bot­
tles.
Sap from birch (Betula pendula), balsam (Picea excelsa)
and maple trees (Acer campestre, sugar maple - A. saccha-
rum) should be harvested in the fall or early spring. Drill a
“tap” hole in the tree to a depth of the trunk diameter,
insert a small “tap” or pipe into the hole, hang a collecting
cup on the “tap” and collect sap. After a pint to a quart of
sap is collected fill the wound with resin or tree surgeon’s
tar.
Aloe (Aloe vera) leaf-gel is collected by cutting the aloe
leaf rind (skin) open lengthwise, from the tip of the leaf to
the base and scraping the gel out with a spoon. The unused
gel can be frozen in jars or Zip-loc bags.
Bark should be collected only from secondary branches
£et« Play H E R B A L D O C T O R 21

to prevent “ringing” and killing the shrub or tree. Pruning


and shaping can be done at the same time as bark collection
maximize harvest. Bark should be peeled in % inch strips
which are then cut into two to three inch lengths, oven dried
and stored in labled jars.
Tinctures, or alcohol herbal extracts, are produced by
soaking bulk herbs in vodka, gin, rum or brandy (i.e.-
grannies “spring tonic” or “heart” medicine). Alcohol
extracts and dissolves the phytochemicals from the herbs.
Tinctures extend the shelflife of the herb’s medicinal activ­
ity up to two years.
Tinctures can be made at home by using two ounces of
dried bulk herbs per pint of alcohol; let the mixture steep for
7 to 10 days, shake well three times per day. Strain out the
macerated herbs with a jelly bag or wine press and pour the
resultant tincture into dropper bottles.
Tincture doses will vary from 5 to 20 drops to a tea­
spoonful one to five times per day. Tincture doses can be
added to teas, juices or water.
Herbal vinegars are prepared by putting 2 ounces of
dried bulk herbs in a pint o f vinegar instead of alcohol.
Steep, strain, bottle and use herbal vinegars in the same
manner as you would use tinctures. Herbal vinegars can be
used as salad dressing or added to soups and cooked veg­
etables.
Herbal tonics (wine) are manufactured by adding 100
mg of dried or 200 mg of fresh herbs to one liter of red or
white wine. The herbs must be kept below the surface of the
wine with a glass or stainless steel disc to prevent mold for­
mation. The herbs should be allowed to soak in the wine for
two to three weeks before use to maximize potency of the
tonic - the typical dose is one wine glassful before dinner.
Infusions (teas) are made by pouring one pint o f boiling
water over one ounce o f dried herb and letting the mix stand
22 P a rt 2

for 1 hour. Decant off the clear supernatant and drink hot or
cold. Doses o f the infusion is typically four to five cups per
day, infusions from strong herbs should be limited to one
teaspoon to one tablespoon three times per day.
Decoctions are made by placing one ounce of dried herb
(primarily bark, roots, twigs and berries) in 1 and pints of
cold water and then boiling for 20-30 minutes or until only
1 pint remains. Pour off and filter the clear supernatant -
decoctions can be drunk hot or cold. Dose is typically one
tablespoon in one ounce of water three times per day.
Encapsulated herbs are finely ground herbal powders
that are used to fill a two-piece gelatin capsule. The capsule
typically contains 250 mg o f powdered herb - the capsule
may be added to hot water for a tea, opened and made into
a paste for poultices, tinctures, decoctions, infusions or
swallowed.
Herbal tablets are 100 - 250 mg of dried herbs pressed
into a tablet shape with an excipient (binder or carrier). The
tablet is employed in the same way as the capsules.
Herbal Poultices are topical applications of herbs.
Poultices consist of a handful of chopped or clipped leaves,
bark or roots of the herb directly to a laceration, scrape or
boil. Mix one part of bulk herb with three parts water, alco­
hol or vinegar; thicken with sugar or flour. The herbal poul­
tice is simmered for five minutes, pour off liquid and apply
the hot herbs directly to the wound - the poultice is held in
place for two hours or until dry with a cold, warm or hot wet
dressing and then bandaged with a gauze dressing. Poultices
can reduce swelling; prevent, reduce or eliminate infections
and promote drainage and healing.
Compresses (fomentations) can be used to hold poul­
tices in place or used by themselfs after being soaked in an
infusion, decoction, tincture or vinegar. Squeeze out the
excess moisture and apply compress directly to the affected
jCet’o PM HERBAL DOCTOR 23

area - leave in place for two hours or until dry.


Salves are medicinal herbs (i.e.- eucalyptus, peppermint,
cloves, etc.) in beeswax or lanolin. Salves can be made at
home by pulverizing dried bulk herbs, simmering them in
water for 30 minutes - add beeswax and or lanolin until the
desired consistency is obtained. Store-bought salves and
ointments can be added to your homemade salves to
enhance their consistency.
24 P a rt 2
Play H E R B A L D O C T O R 25

Part 3
How Do Herbs Work?
The active principles, phytochemicals or ingredients
found in herbs are often essential oils, flower remedies
(Table 3 - 1 , Table 3 - 2 & Table 3 - 3), alkaloids or glyco­
sides. Alkaloids are a large carbon-based organic group of
basic substances found in plants. They are usually very bit­
ter and many are pharmacologically active (i.e.- atropine,
caffeine, codine, morphine, nicotine, quinine, strychnine,
etc.). Glycosides are organic plant compounds that contain
a carbohydrate molecule (i.e.- digitalis, strophanthus, etc.).
Plants contain varying amounts of phytonutrients. Plants
manufacture vitamins, amino acids and fatty acids by taking
carbon dioxide out of the air, using the sun’s energy and an
intracellular biochemical process known as photosynthesis
to manufacture long carbon chains. Many o f these carbon
chains are configured into wood, cellulose, starch, sugar,
vitamins, amino acids and fatty acids. Because of the rela­
tively small amounts o f herbs used for medicinal purposes
the ability to get carbon base phytonutrients in adequate
amounts from herbs is almost impossible.
Herbs, like all plants, are classified as autotrophic
organisms because they are “self nourishing” and able to
collect simple elements, gasses and inorganic compounds
from the atmosphere and the crust o f the earth. Herbs are
able to take these raw materials and tack them together to
form complex carbon chains (i.e.- sugar, complex carbohy­
drates, wood, etc.).
There are 105 inorganic elements found in nature.
Ninety essential nutrients, including sixty major minerals,
trace-minerals, rare earths, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and
26 P a rt 3

hydrogen; 16 vitamins; 12 amino acids and 3 fatty acids are


required for proper animal and human development, main­
tenance and repair. Plants, including herbs, only require 16
elements for proper development, maintenance and repair.
Therefore, eating a healthy, well-formed herb (or any plant
for that matter) can’t guarantee that a person will get all of
their 90 essential nutrients in optimal amounts.
The 16 elements required by herbs are employed as raw
materials (i.e.- carbon, oxygen, hydrogen.), primary
macronutrients (i.e.- nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium),
secondary macronutrients (i.e.- calcium, magnesium, sul­
fur) or micronutrients (i.e.- boron, chlorine, copper, iron,
manganese, molybdenum and zinc).
Photosynthesis is a metabolic process unique to plants
by which they change light and radiant energy from the sun,
carbon dioxide and nitrogen from the atmosphere into
stored energy (i.e.- sugar and carbohydrate).
Photosynthesis takes place in small intracellular
organelles known as chloroplasts. Chloroplasts contain
chlorophyll, a carbon ring structure with magnesium as an
inorganic cofactor, which by the way is identical to human
hemoglobin except for the iron cofactor instead of magne­
sium.
Chlorophyll gives herbs and many plants a green color.
Chlorophyll uses specific wavelengths of the sun’s radiant
energy to split water and carbon dioxide molecules and then
recombine them into carbon chains, oxygen and water.
Carbohydrates are water soluble forms o f stored chemi­
cal energy which herbs can use for fueling it’s own meta­
bolic needs for growth and reproduction and synthesis of
other compounds for defense (i.e.- phytochemicals, alka­
loids and glycocides).
Essential mineral nutrients required by plants, animals
and humans are not manufactured by herbs or any other
£et'a HERBAL DOCTOR 27

plant. The minerals required by herbs for their own meta­


bolic functions must be taken from the soil in which they
are grown. Plants take metallic, inorganic or elemental min­
erals from the soil and combine them with carbonaceous
compounds and convert them to plant derived colloidal
forms. Plant derived colloidal minerals are actually col­
loidal chelates - small partical size (7,000 - 10,000 times
smaller than a human red blood cell), combined with pro­
teins or lipoproteins and suspended in a liquid medium.
Unfortunately nutritional minerals are like gold and silver,
they are not found in a uniform blanket around the crust of
the earth, they are found in veins like chocolate ripple ice
cream - therefore, to depend on Brazil nuts as your only
source of the trace mineral selenium is to throw away your
life (i.e.- increased risk o f cardiomyopathy, cancer and
Alzheimer’s disease).
Animals and humans do not have the teeth and digestive
capacity to efficiently use inorganic minerals taken directly
from the soil or metallic supplements efficiently - only
eight to twelve percent. Chelated mineral supplements
developed for human use combine amino acids, proteins or
enzymes (proteins that do work) with the inorganic miner­
als to increase the absorbability tenfold to 40 percent.
Because humans and animals were designed to get their
nutritional minerals from plants, these plant derived col­
loidal minerals are up to 98 percent absorbable - however,
because o f the relatively small amounts of herbs used for
medicinal purposes they can not be depended upon for a
source of optimal amounts of nutritional major minerals,
trace minerals or rare earths. People and animals must be
supplemented daily with all 60 essential minerals in the
plant derived colloidal form to ensure complete and optimal
absorption (up to 98 percent). Failure to properly supple­
ment with all 60 essential minerals will result in as many as
28 P a rt 3

600 degenerative diseases (i.e.- osteoporosis, arthritis, dia­


betes, heart disease, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, etc.) and
early death.

Table 3 - 1 . Active Constituents of Medicinal


Herbs

Constituent Activity

Mucilage mucilage is a mix of polysaccharides that


absorb large quantities of water, creating a
jelly like material that has a soothing effect
topically and systemically on mucus
membranes, digestive tract, respiratory
tract, kidneys and skin. Slippery elm
(Ulmus rubra) is a classic mucilaginous
herb.

Phenols phenols are antiseptic, analgesic and have


anti-inflamm atory properties when
applied topically and systemically when
consumed. This group of phytochemicals
includes salicylic acid (aspirin). Winter­
green (Gaultheria procumbens) and white
willow (Salix alba) are classic herbs con­
taining salicylates. Thyme (Thymus vul­
garis) contains thymol, a phytochemically
active phenol.

Tannins tannins are harsh astringent phytochemi­


cals that act as chemical armour that pro­
tect plants from insects and animals.
Tannins tighten tissues making them more
water proof and resistant to infection. Oak
fef* W HERBAL DOCTOR 29

bark (Quercus robur) and black catechu


(Acacia catechu) are classic sources of
tannins.

Coumarins coumarins have divergent medicinal activ­


ity, including “blood thinners” such as
melilot (Melilotus officinalis)', bergapten
in celery (Apium graveolens) acts as a top­
ical “sun screen”; khellin in visnaga
(Ammi visnaga) is a powerful smooth
muscle relaxant.

Anthraquinones anthraquinones found in senna (Cassia


senna) and Chinese rhubarb (Rheum
palmatum) produce an irritant laxative
effect resulting in a watery stool and
strong contractions of bowel muscles.

Flavonoids flavonoids are essential nutrients found in


most plants. Ruten, a common flavonoid
is found in buckwheat (Fagopyrum escu-
lentum) and lemon (Citrus limon) is nec­
essary for healthy circulation through the
tissue capillary bed.

Anthocyanins anthocyanins are powerful organic antiox­


idants found in blue, purple and red-pig­
mented flowers and fruit. Blackberry
(Rubus fruticosus) and grape (Vitis
vinifera) contain significant levels of
anthocyanins.

Glucosilinates glucosilinates are phytochemicals that


have an irritant effect when applied topi-
30 P a rt 3

cally to the skin resulting in a “counter


irritant” effect that brings more blood flow
into the treated area (mustard plaster).
Glucosilinates are found in significant
levels only in the mustard family includ­
ing radish (Raphanus sativus) and mus­
tard (Sinapis alba).

Volatile Oils volatile oils are extracted from plants and


have antiseptic properties as in teatree oil
(Melaleuca altemifolia)', volatile oils can
contain sesquiterpenes (azulene) as in
German chamomile (Chamomilla recuti­
ta) that have anti-inflammatory proper­
ties.

Saponins saponins are classed as steroidal such as


those found in licorice (Glycyrrhiza
glabra) and have significant hormone-like
properties or triterpenoid such as those
found in cowslip root (Primula veris) that
have powerful expectorant properties.

Cardiac
Glycosides cardiac glycosides (i.e.- digitoxin, digoxin
and gitoxin) found in foxglove (Digitalis
purpurea), yellow foxglove (D. lutea) and
wooly foxglove (D. lanata) have a power­
ful direct effect on the heart muscle,
encouraging more efficient beats (pump­
ing action) and a diuretic activity making
these phytochemicals ideal therapy for
congestive heart failure and dropsy.
£ei» P ty H E R B A L D O C T O R 31

Cyanogenic
Glycosides these powerful cyanide containing seda­
tive glycosides have a relaxing effect on
the heart and skeletal muscles. Wild cher­
ry bark (Prunus serotina) and elder
(Sambucus nigra) have significant levels
o f cyanogenic glycosides that suppress,
calm and soothe dry hacking coughs.

Bitters bitters contain bitter tasting phytochemi­


cals that stimulate appetite, salivation and
production of digestive juices in the GI
tract. Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium)
and chiretta (Swertia chirata) are classic
“bitters.”

Alkaloids alkaloids, phytochemicals found in a vari­


ety of plants, contain a nitrogen tagged
molecule that gives their characteristic
activity. Vincristine, an alkaloid found in
the Madagascar periwinkle (Vinca rosea)
is used as a cancer therapy; atropine found
in deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna)
is used clinically to reduce spasms, reduc­
ing pain and drying up glandular secre­
tions.

Vitamins all plants take carbon dioxide from the


atmosphere and m anuafacture carbon
chains that are configured into vitamins,
however, the small quantity of herbs typi­
cally used for medicinal purposes is insuf­
ficient to provide adequate amounts of
most vitamins for humans.
32 P a rt 3

Minerals Some plants and medicinal herbs concen­


trate specific minerals (if they are in the
soil) - unlike vitamins, however, plants
can’t manufacture minerals and they are
dependent on their mineral content from
mineral deposits in the soil. Examples of
mineral concentrators include horsetail
(Equisetum arvense) that concentrates sil­
ica and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
that concentrates significant levels o f
potassium.

Table 3 - 2 . Essential Oils and Their Function in


Aromatherapy

Essential Oil Function


Lavender heals burns and cuts; bacteriocidal; anti­
depression; anti-inflammatory; antispas­
modic; headache pain; respiratory aller­
gies; myalgia; nausea, PMS, dysmenor­
rhea; insect bites; lowers blood pressure.

Peppermint indigestion; disinfects wounds; deconges­


tent; headache; neuralgia; myalgia;
motion sickness.

Eucalyptus lowers fever; sinus decongestant; antimi­


crobial properties; coughing; boils and
acne.

Teatree antifungal; anti-yeast; anti-bacterial;


acne; insect bites; bums; vaginitis; cysti­
tis; thrush.
34 P a rt 3

Gorse hopelessness and despair


Heather self-centeredness and self-concern
Holly hatred, envy and jealousy
Honeysuckle living in the past
Hornbeam procrastination, tiredness at the thought of
doing something
Impatiens impatience
Larch lack of confidence
Mimulus fear of known things
Mustard deep gloom for no reason
Oak for the plodder who keeps going past
exhaustion
Olive exhaustion following mental or physical
effort
Pine guilt
Red chestnut for those overly concerned for the welfare
of loved ones
Red rose terror and fright
Rock water self-denial, rigidity, self-repression
Scleranthus inability to choose between alternatives
Star of
Bethlehem shock
Sweet chestnut extreme mental anguish and hopelessness
Vervain over-enthusiiasm
Vine dominance and inflexibility
Walnut protection from change and unwanted
influences
Water violet pride and aloofness
White chestnut unwanted thoughts and mental arguments
Wild oat uncertainty over one’s direction in life
Wild rose drifting, resignation, apathy
Willow self-pity and resentment

Table 3 - 4 Terms of Herbal Function


M PM H E R B A L D O C T O R 33

Rosemary analgesic; improves circulation; decon­


gestion; indigestion; gas; liver disease;
anti-inflammatory; antimicrobial; antide­
pression.

Chamomile anti-inflammatory; allergic disease;


stress; insomnia; depression; indigestion

Thyme laryngitis; coughs; cystitis; dermatitis;


indigestion; arthritis
Tarragon carminative; nervine; indigestion; abdom­
inal cramping; PMS; dysmenorrhea;
stress.
Spair
Everlasting heals scars; anti-inflammatory; sunburn;
bronchitis; flu; analgesic; arthritis; muscle
injuries; sprains; strains; tendonitis.

Table 3 - 3 . 38 Classic Bach Flower Remedies

Blossom Function
Agrimony mental torture behind a cheerful face
Aspen fear o f unknown things
Beech intolerance
Centaury the inability to say “no”
Cerato lack of trust in one’s own decisions
Cherry plum fear of the mind giving way
Chestnut bud failure to learn from mistakes
Chicory selfish, possessive love
Clematis dreaming of the future without working in
the present
Crab apple the cleansing remedy, also for self hatred
Elm for those overwhelmed by responsibility
Gentian discouragement after a setback
PM H E R B A L D O C T O R 35

Term Function
Alternative produce healthful change
Anodyne pain relief
Anthelmintic expel worms or parasites
Antiemetic stops vomiting
Antiphlogistic reduces inflammation
Antiseptic stop or prevent sepsis (infection)
Antispasmodic reduces spasms
Aperient mild laxative
Aphrodisiac sexual stimulant
Aromatic arrests discharges
Astringent constricting or binding
Cardiac heart tonic
Carminative relieves gas in GI tract
Cathartic purgative
Cephalic used for head ailments
Cholagogue increases bile flow
Demulcent soothes mucus membranes
Depurative cleansing
Dermatic agent for dermatitis
Diaphoretic increases sweating
Digestive aids digestion
Diuretic increases urination
Emetic induces vomiting
Emmenagogue induces menstruation
Emollient agent that softens
Expectorant induces productive coughing
Febrifuge abates fevers
Hemostatic stops bleeding
Hepatic remedy for liver
Herpetic remedy for skin eruptions
Hydragogue remedy for moving water
Hypnotic induces sleep or relaxation
Irritant induces a local inflammation
36 P a rt 3

Laxative induces bowel evacuation


Lithontriptic dissolves urinary calculi
Mucilaginous soothing to inflamed parts
Mydriatic dilates pupils
Myotic (miotic) constricts pupils
Narcotic induces stupor or sleep
Nauseant induces vomiting
Nervine sedative for nerves
Nutritive nourishing properties
Ophthalmicum remedy for eyes
Oxytocic induces uterine contractions
Parturient promotes labor
Purgative induces evacuation of bowels
Refrigerant agent that cools
Resolvent dissolves tumors
Rubefacient .increases circulation
Sedative quiets nerves
Sialagogue induces increased salivation
Sternutatory induces sneezing
Stimulant induces increased function
Stomachic increases stomach digestion
Styptic topical agent to stop bleeding
Sudorific induces perspiration
Taeniafuge agent that expels tapeworms
Tonic .increases strength or tones
Vermifuge agent that expels parasites (worms)
Vulnerary agent that induces wound healing

Table 3 - 5 Weights and Measures for Herbal


Medicine
60 drops = 1 teaspoon (tsp)
3 teaspoonfuls = 1 tablespoon (tbsp)
2 Tablespoonfuls = 1 fluid ounce
6 fluid ounces = 1 teacupful
PEay H E R B A L D O C T O R 37

8 fluid ounces = 1 cupful / 1 glassful

1 drop = 1 minum = 0.06 ml


1 tsp = 1 fluid dram = 5.0 ml
1 tbsp = 4 fluid drams = 15.0 ml
2 tbsp = 1 fluid ounce = 30.0 ml
1 teacupful = 6 fluid ounces = 180.0 ml
1 glassful = 8 fluid ounces = 240.0 ml

1000 ml (1 liter) = 1 quart (1.10119 liters)


500 ml = 1 pint (550.599 ml)
240 ml = 8 fluid ounces
30 ml = 1 fluid ounce (28.412 ml)
15 ml = 4 fluid drams
4 ml = 1 fluid dram
1 ml = 15 minims
0.06 ml = 1 minim (1 drop)

1000 gm (1 kg) = 2.2 pounds


454 gm = 1 pound
30 gm = 1 ounce (31.1 gm)
15 gm = 4 drams
6 gm = 90 grains
1 gm = 15 grains
1000 mg = 1 gm
60 mg = 1 grain
1 mg = 1000 mcg

Table 3 - 6 Traditional Chinese Herbal Weights


and Measures
Prior to 1979

1 jin (caddy) = 16 liang (taels)


1 bang = 10 qian
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Title: Onnen kultapoika: Romaani. 2/2

Author: Mór Jókai

Translator: Hulda Sykäri

Release date: January 2, 2016 [eBook #50830]

Language: Finnish

Credits: E-text prepared by Juhani Kärkkäinen and Tapio Riikonen

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ONNEN


KULTAPOIKA: ROMAANI. 2/2 ***
E-text prepared by Juhani Kärkkäinen and Tapio Riikonen

ONNEN KULTAPOIKA II
Romaani

Kirj.

MAURI JÓKAI

Suomentanut Hulda Sykäri

Kustannusosakeyhtiö Kirja, Helsinki, 1919.


SISÄLLYS:

I. Uusi maailma
II. Uusi maailma, jatkoa
III. Suloinen koti
IV. Sukukorut
V. Uusi vieras
VI. Puunleikkaaja
VII. Synkkämielisyys
VIII. Terese
IX. Taittunut sapeli
X. Ensimmäinen tappio
XI. Jää
XII. Aave
XIII. Mitä kuu puhuu? — Mitä puhuu jää?
XIV. Ken tulee
XV. Ruumis
XVI. Sohvi-rouva
XVII. Dodin kirje
XVIII. "Sinä taitamaton"
XIX. Atalia
XX. Viimeinen tikarinpisto
XXI. Maria-Nostran syntinen vaimo
XXII. Ei kukaan

Ensimmäinen luku.

UUSI MAAILMA.

Tyttö syleili yhä Mikaelia, vaikka se henkilö jo olikin poistunut, jota


vastaan hän kenties oli luullut olevansa pakotettu suojelemaan
ystäväänsä omalla ruumiillaan.

Mikä oli saattanut Noëmin heittäytymään Mikaelin rintaa vasten ja


äänekkäästi ilmaisemaan rakastavansa häntä?

Tahtoiko tyttö ijäksi karkoittaa miehen, jonka läsnäolo oli hänelle


vastenmielinen? Tahtoiko hän siten tehdä hänelle mahdottomaksi
toistaa kosintaansa?

Eikö erämaassa kasvaneella lapsella ollut mitään käsitystä


soveliaisuudesta, joka käskee kätkemään sellaiset tunteet
neitseelliseen poveen? Eikö hän tuntenut niitä lakeja ja säädöksiä,
joilla valtio ja kirkko ankarasti määrää miehen ja naisen väliset
suhteet?

Sekoittiko hän sydämessään rakkauden tunteen kiitollisuuden


tunteeseen, jota hänen täytyi tuntea sitä miestä kohtaan, joka oli
vapauttanut hänet sekä äidin niistä huolista, jotka heitä alati
kalvoivat, ja joka oli valmistanut heille tämän pienen paratiisin
ikuiseksi elinsijaksi ja luultavasti oli saanut nähdä paljon vaivaa sen
takia ja samalla usein ajatellut heitä?
Oliko hän säikähtänyt nähdessään kiusaajansa vievän kätensä
takkinsa alle asetta etsiäkseen ja oliko hän vaistomaisesti
heittäytynyt hyväntekijänsä rintaa vasten suojellakseen tätä
hyökkäykseltä?

Oliko hän kenties ajatellut itsekseen: Tämä laivankomissaario-


raukka, jonka äiti oli yhtä köyhä kuin minunkin, on itse sanonut, ettei
hänellä ole ketään koko maailmassa. Miksi en minä voisi olla hänelle
"jotakin"? Olisikohan hän tullut takaisin tälle yksinäiselle saarelle,
ellei joku side olisi vetänyt häntä tänne? Ja jos hän kerran rakastaa
minua, niin miksi en minä rakastaisi häntä?

Ei, ei, tässä ei tarvita mitään selityksiä, ei mitään järkeilyä, ei


mitään anteeksipyyntöjä. — Tässä on kysymys puhtaasta
rakkaudesta.

Ei Noëmi tiennyt miksi. Hän ei kysynyt syytä. Hän vain rakasti.

Hän rakasti kyselemättä, oliko se Jumalan tai ihmisten mieleen,


oliko se hänelle iloksi vai suruksi.

Hän ei pyytänyt onnen ja ylpeyden tunnetta, ei anonut saada olla


herransa valtiatar hopeakruunuin koristettu, kolmiyhteisen Jumalan
siunaama morsian — hän vain rakasti.

Hän ei valmistunut puolustautumaan maailman ja tuomarien


silmissä; hän ei aikonut nöyrästi, pää painuksissa pyytää anteeksi;
hän ei anonut miehen suojaa, maailman anteeksiantoa eikä Jumalan
armahdusta — hän vain rakasti.

Sellainen oli Noëmi.

Noëmi parka! Kuinka paljon sinä oletkaan kärsivä senvuoksi!


… Mikael oli ensimäisen kerran eläissään kuullut, että toinen
ihminen sanoi rakastavansa häntä — rakastavansa häntä köyhänä
laivakomissaariona, joka oli toisen ihmisen palveluksessa,
rakastavansa häntä ilman itsekkyyttä, vain hänen itsensä takia.

Ihmeellinen lämpö virtasi hänen sisimpäänsä, sama lämpö, joka


ylösnousemuksen päivänä herättää kuolleet ikuisesta levostaan.

Arkana ja väristen hän laski kätensä tytön olkapäälle, painoi häntä


vielä kerran povelleen ja kysyi matalalla, kuiskaavalla äänellä:

"Onko se ihan totta?"

Tyttö kohotti hiukan päätään, joka lepäsi hänen rinnallaan, ja


nyökkäsi hänelle: "On, se on ihan totta!"

Mikael katsahti Tereseen.

Tämä astui heidän luokseen, laski kätensä Noëmin pään päälle


ikäänkuin sanoakseen: "No, rakasta sitten häntä!"

Se oli pitkä, mykkä, juhlallinen hetki, jolloin kukin voi kuulla


toisensa sydämen sykähdykset.

Terese ensiksi katkaisi äänettömyyden. "Jospa tietäisitte, miten


monta kyyneltä tyttönen on tähtenne vuodattanut! Olisittepa nähnyt,
kuinka hän joka päivä nousi vuoren huipulle ja tuntikausia katseli
vetten yli siihen suuntaan, johon te hävisitte hänen silmistään!
Olisittepa kuullut hänen unissaan kuiskailevan teidän nimeänne!"

Noëmi teki kädellään torjuvan liikkeen, ikäänkuin ehkäistäkseen


äitiään enempää ilmaisemasta.
Mutta Mikael puristi tyttöä lujemmin syliinsä.

Kas tässä kerrankin olento, ainoa koko maailmassa, joka saattoi


rakastaa häntä, joka rakasti "kultamiestä" itseään eikä vain hänen
rahojaan!

Hänestä tuntui kuin hän olisi harhaillut maanpaossa koko ajan,


jonka oli elänyt muualla, ja kuin olisi hän nyt nähnyt edessään uudet
maat ja uudet taivaat ja niissä uuden elämän.

Hän kumartui suutelemaan tyttöä otsalle, ja tunsi hänen


sydämensä sykkivän omaansa vasten.

Ja kaikkialla hänen ympärillään paisuivat kukkien ummut,


tuoksuivat lehdot kukkineen, surisivat mehiläiset ja lauloivat linnut,
jotka kaikki julistivat: Sinun tulee rakastaa!

Mykkä, itseensä vaipunut ilo ajoi heidät vapaan taivaan alle.


Täälläkin he kulkivat käsivarret kiedottuina toistensa ympäri ja
katsellessaan toisiaan silmiin he ajattelivat: "Miten ihmeellistä!
Sinun silmäsihän ovat aivan samanväriset kuin minun!"

Ja jos hehkuva taivas ja sulotuoksuja huokuva maa olivat


liittoutuneet heitä lumoamaan, niin täydensi heidän oma
sieluntilansa tätä lumousta. Kun lapsi, joka ei milloinkaan ole
rakastanut, ja mies, jota ei milloinkaan ole rakastettu, kohtaavat
toisensa, miten heidän silloin käy?

Päivä kallistui ehtooseen, mutta vielä he eivät olleet kyllin


hekumoineet lumotusta ihastuksestaan.

Ilta laskeutui seudun yli, kuu nousi taivaalle, Noëmi vei Mikaelin
kallion kielekkeelle, josta hän kerran kyynelsilmin oli nähnyt hänen
poistuvan.

Timar istuutui tuoksuvien lavendelipensaiden keskeen. Noëmi


istuutui hänen viereensä, nojasi kultakutrisen päänsä hänen
käsivarteensa ja käänsi eloisat, sielukkaat kasvonsa taivasta kohti.

Terese seisoi heidän takanaan ja katseli heitä hymyten. Kuun


hopea hohti yötaivaan tummalta taustalta.

Ja viettelevä taivaan haamu puhui näin:

"Katso, tämä aarre on kokonaan sinun. Sinä olet sen keksinyt ja


löytänyt. Se on vapaasta tahdostaan jättäytynyt huostaasi. Se on siis
sinun. Sinä olit jo ennen saavuttanut kaiken, vain rakkaus sinulta
puuttui. Nyt olet saavuttanut senkin. Ota ja nauti malja pohjaan
saakka, se malja, jonka taivas on sinulle suonut! — Sinusta on tuleva
uusi ihminen! — Mies, jota nainen rakastaa, muuttuu puolijumalaksi!
— Sinä olet onnellinen! — Sinua rakastetaan!"

… Mutta sisäinen ääni kuiskasi hänelle:

"Sinä olet varas!"

*****

Ensimäinen suudelma oli avannut Mikaelille uuden maailman.

Nuoruuden unelmat, romanttiset taipumukset, jotka olivat


seuranneet häntä pitkien matkojen yksinäisyyteen, olivat jälleen
heränneet henkiin. Tämä haaveilu ja romanttisuus, jonka
liikemiehen, etuilevan kauppiaan jokapäiväiset huolet ja kuivat
laskelmat olivat tukahuttaneet, olivat ennen saaneet hänet
unelmoimaan paratiisista, missä hän löytäisi kaihoamansa onnen;
mutta saavuttaessaan päämääränsä hän näki tämän paratiisin
puiden kimmeltävän huurretta eikä loistavan kukkien peitossa.
Kylmänä, kuivana, käsittämättömänä hän harhaili ilman päämäärää.
Silloin johdatti sattuma hänet erämaassa kosteikon partaalle ja tässä
kosteikossa hän löysi sen, mitä oli turhaan etsinyt maailmasta: häntä
rakastavan sydämen.

Ihmeellinen muutos tapahtui hänessä. Ensimmäinen tunne, joka


hänet valtasi, oli salainen väristys, onnen pelko, Onko hänen
syöstävä siihen vai paettava? Seuraako tätä onnea siunaus vai
kirous? Tuoko se muassaan elämän vai kuoleman? Mitä tulee sen
perästä? Mitä sitten on tapahtuva? Mikä on se jumaluus, joka antaa
vastauksen kaikkiin näihin kysymyksiin? Vastauksen saa kukka, joka
avaa umpunsa, perhonen, joka levittää siipensä, lintu, joka rakentaa
pesänsä, mutta ei ihminen, joka kysyy: "Onko oleva minulle onneksi
vai turmioksi, jos seuraan sydämeni ääntä?"

Ja hän kuunteli nyt sydämensä sykintää. Ja se sanoi hänelle:


"Katsahda häntä silmiin! Eihän toki ole syntiä hurmautua katseesta!"

Mutta tämä hurmio kestää niin kauan. Kun kaksi ihmistä katsoo
toisiaan tuolla tavoin silmiin, tarttuu toisen sielu toisen silmiin ja näin
he vaihtavat sieluja.

Mikael unohtikin koko maailman katsoessaan tyttöä silmiin; niissä


hänelle avautui uusi maailma täynnä viettelyksiä, hurmausta ja
maallista autuutta.

Tämä hurmaava aavistus pyörrytti häntä.

Aina hänen nuoruudestaan asti ei yksikään ollut rakastanut häntä.


Kerran hän oli rohjennut toivoa rakkauden onnea; vaivojen ja
vastuksien läpi hän oli pyrkinyt siihen ja hänen luullessaan olevansa
päämäärässään sortui hänen toivomansa onni tuhkaläjäksi.

Ja täällä hänelle sanotaan avoimesti, että häntä rakastetaan.


Kaikki puhuu hänelle samaa, puiden kukat, jotka putoilevat hänen
päänsä päälle, eläimet, jotka nuolevat hänen kättään, huulet, jotka
kertovat sydämen salaisuuksia, punastuminen ja katseet, jotka
ilmaisevat enemmän kuin suu.

Hänkin, jonka piti huolellisesti säilyttää ja kätkeä salaisuus,


rakastavan tytön äiti, hänkin ilmaisee nyt salaisuuden.

"Hän rakastaa, hän rakastaa niin suuresti, että hän voi kuolla
siitä."

… Ei, ei, niin ei saa käydä… Timar eli saarella sellaisen päivän,
joka vastaa ijäisyyttä — äärettömien tunteiden päivän. Se päivä oli
itsensä unhottamista ja hereilläolon unelmia, silloin kaikki unelmien
kaiho oli todellisuutena edessä.

Mutta viettäessään saarella kolmatta yötä ja palatessaan


onnellisen, haaveellisen yhdessäolon jälkeen kuun valaisemasta
lumotusta maailmasta takaisin yksinäiseen, pimeään
makuuhuoneeseensa, silloin vaati hänen sisäinen syyttäjänsä
tilinteolle. Se syyttäjä ei antanut uuvuttaa itseään uneen eikä
vaimentaa ääntään kuulumasta.

"Mitä sinä täällä teet? Tiedätkö, mitä nyt teet? Sinä teet itsesi
syypääksi varkauteen, murhapolttoon ja murhaan. Tämä naisparka
on ajettu pois maailmasta ja hänet on ryöstetty köyhäksi; hänet on
sylilapsen kera ajettu maanpakoon asumattomalle saarelle; hänen
nuori puolisonsa on heitetty itsemurhaajan hautaan, hänestä on
tehty ihmisvihaaja ja jumalankieltäjä. Ja nyt sinä hiivit hänen
suosioonsa, riistät hänen ainoan, kalleimman aarteensa ja saatat
kuolemaa, surua ja häpeätä onnettoman viimeiseenkin
turvapaikkaan. Sinä olet huonompi kaikkia muita, jotka rikkipoljetun
käärmeen kirousta noudattaen harhailevat ympäri maailmaa, kunnes
kirous kohtaa heidät. Sinä murhaat täällä sielun rauhan. Sinä
varastat viattoman sydämen ja jätät omasi sijaan. Sinä olet hullu tai
olet siksi tulossa. Pakene täältä!"

Takaa-ajajan ääni ei sallinut hänen nukahtaa. Hän ei saanut


rauhaa koko yönä. Aamunsarastus tapasi hänet jo ulkona puiden
alla.

Hänen päätöksensä oli tehty. Hän halusi pois täältä — eikä aikonut
palata pitkiin aikoihin. Ei ennen kuin hänkin olisi unohtanut
eläneensä täällä kokonaista kolme päivää siinä luulossa, että hänen
oli sallittu olla onnellinen.

Kun aurinko nousi oli hän jo kiertänyt koko saaren ja palatessaan


aamukävelyltään hän löysi Terese-rouvan ja hänen tyttärensä
kattamassa aamiaispöytää. "Minun on tänään lähdettävä", sanoi
Mikael Tereselle.

"Niinkö pian!" kuiskasi Noëmi.

"Hänellä on paljon tekemistä", lausui Terese tyttärelleen.

"Minun täytyy mennä takaisin laivoille", lisäsi Mikael.

Tämä oli luonnollista. Laivankomissaario on vain palvelija, jonka on


hoidettava tehtäviään ja joka ei voi hallita vapaasti aikaansa, josta
työnantaja maksaa hänelle.
Häntä ei myöskään kehoitettu jäämään. Olihan päivänselvää, että
hän jo nyt läksi; tuleehan hän takaisin ja olihan aikaa kyllin odottaa
häntä vuosi ja kaksikin — aina kuolinhetkeen, aina ijäisyyteen asti.

Mutta Noëmi ei koskenut maitolasiinsa, hän ei olisi voinut nielaista


pisaraakaan.

Häntä ei tahdottu, kuten sanottu, pidättää. Hänellä oli liikeasioita,


joita hänen oli toimitettava.

Terese itse antoi hänelle pyssyn ja metsästyslaukun, jotka hän oli


tullessaan antanut pois.

"Onko pyssy ladattu?" kysyi ajatteleva äiti.

"Ei", vastasi Mikael.

"Silloin olisi viisasta ladata se ja lisäksi karkeilla hauleilla", neuvoi


Terese. "Toisen rannan metsä ei ole turvallinen; siellä on susia ja
kenties vieläkin vaarallisempia eläimiä."

Eikä hän jättänyt Mikaelia rauhaan, ennenkuin kivääri oli ladattu,


hän itse pani ruudin siihen; takaaladattavaa kivääriä ei silloin vielä
tunnettu.

Sitten sanoi Terese Noëmille:

"Kanna sinä pyssyä, ettei Almira heittäydy sen päälle. Mene


saattamaan häntä veneeseen."

Hän kehoitti vielä tyttöä menemään veneen luo!

Itse ei hän tullut mukaan, hän salli heidän mennä kahden.


Timar kulki vaiti Noëmin rinnalla; tytön käsi lepäsi hänen
kädessään.

Kerran Noëmi pysähtyi äkkiä. Mikaelkin seisahtui ja katsoi häntä


silmiin.

"Tahdoitko sanoa minulle jotakin?"

Tyttö mietti kauan; viimein hän sanoi:

"En mitään!"

Timar oli jo oppinut lukemaan Noëmin silmistä. Hän arvasi tämän


ajatukset. Tyttö oli aikonut kysyä häneltä:

"Sano minulle, miten valkokasvoisen tytön on käynyt, hänen, joka


kerran oli kanssasi tällä saarella ja jonka nimi oli Timea?"

Mutta hän ei sanonutkaan mitään, vaan kulki hiljaa eteenpäin


pitäen
Mikaelia kädestä.

Kun heidän viimein oli sanominen toisilleen jäähyväiset, tunsi


Mikael sydämensä raskaaksi.

Noëmi kuiskasi antaessaan hänelle pyssyn:

"Olkaa varuillanne, ettei onnettomuus teitä kohtaisi."

Ja puristaessaan Mikaelin kättä katsoi tyttö häntä vielä kerran


silmiin noilla taivaansinisillä silmillään, jotka magneetin tavoin
vangitsivat hänen sielunsa ja kysyi suloisella, rukoilevalla äänellä:

"Tuletteko takaisin?"
Mikael huumaantui tästä äänestä.

Hän painoi lasta rintaansa vasten ja kuiskasi:

"Miksi et sano: 'Tuletko sinä takaisin'? Miksi et sano minulle:


'sinä'?"

Tyttö loi silmänsä alas ja pudisti hiljaa päätään.

"Sano: 'sinä'", pyysi Mikael taas.

Tyttö kätki kasvonsa hänen rintansa suojaan ja oli vaiti.

"Siis sinä et voi tai et tahdo sanoa minulle: 'sinä'. Yksi ainoa sana.
Etkö voi sanoa sitä? Pelkäätkö sitä?"

Tyttö peitti kasvonsa käsillään ja pysyi yhä vaiti.

"Noëmi, pyydän, sano vain tämä pieni sana ja teet minut


onnelliseksi.
Älä pelkää lausua sitä. Älä anna minun lähteä näin."

Tyttö pudisti hiljaa päätään; hän ei saanut sanotuksi tuota sanaa.

"Hyvästi siis, te kallis Noëmi!" soperteli Mikael hypähtäen


veneeseen. Kaislikko kätki pian saaren hänen silmiltään, mutta niin
kauan kuin hän saattoi erottaa viidakkoa, näki hän tytön seisovan
siellä katsellen hänen jälkeensä, surullisena seisoen akaasiapuuta
vasten, pää käsiin nojaten; mutta "sinä" sanaa ei hän kuitenkaan
huutanut hänen jälkeensä.
Toinen luku.

UUSI MAAILMA, JATKOA

Tultuaan toiselle rannalle jätti Mikael veneen erään kalastajan


huostaan siihen asti kuin hän palaisi.

Mutta palaisiko hän?

Hän aikoi jalan käydä sille majalle, minne Fabula, huolehtiakseen


hänen laivojensa kuljettamisesta, oli asettunut asumaan.
Vastavirtaan soutaminen on vaivalloista ja Timar ei sillä hetkellä ollut
suinkaan voimisteluharjoituksiin halukas.

Hänen sielussaan kohisi vielä voimakkaampi virta kuin se olikaan,


jota vastaan hänen oli taisteltava koko voimallaan.

Seutu, jonka kautta hänen oli kulkeminen, oli niitä laajoja virran
kasvattamia maa-aloja, joita alisen Tonavan varsilla tavataan niin
runsaasti. Oikullinen virta puhkaisee siellä täällä sulun ja muuttaa
siten suuntaansa. Vuodesta vuoteen se sieppaa maakaistaleen
toiselta rannalta ja liittää sen toiseen. Siten muodostuneella alueella
kasvaa maan mukana kulkeutuneista puista uusi metsikkö, joten
poppeleista, joiden latvat porrasmaisesti kohoavat toistensa
yläpuolelle, selvästi saattaa nähdä jokaisen uuden
vuosittaismuodostuman.

Tämän tiheän, villinä kasvavan metsän lävitse kulkee sikin sokin


polkuja. Ne ovat kalastajien ja kaislanniittäjien teitä. Siellä täällä
tapaa hyljätyn mökkipahasen, katto kallellaan, lengallaan, seinät
köynnöskasvien peitossa. Sellainen mökki voi olla metsästäjän
asunto, ryövärin piilopaikka tahi susiemon ja hänen pentujensa
pesäpaikka.

Ajatuksiinsa vaipuneena asteli Timar hiljakseen tämän erämaan


lävitse. Pyssy riippui hänen olallaan.

… Tänne sinä et voi, etkä saa enää palata, — sanoi hän itsekseen.
Jos jo on vaikeata hoitaa yhtä valhetta, kuinka sitten voisi kahta
ehkäistä ilmi tulemasta. Kahta vastakkaista valhetta! Tule toki järkiisi!
Sinä et enää ole lapsi, jonka kanssa intohimot leikittelevät. Ja kenties
ei tunteesi ole edes intohimoa. Kenties se on vain ohimenevä ihastus
tahi — mikä vielä pahempaa — vain turhamaisuutta. Sydäntäsi
hivelee tieto, että nuori tyttö, kieltäytyessään nuoren, kauniin
miehen kosinnasta, heittäytyy itsestään sinun syliisi sanoen: "Minä
rakastan sinua." Tukahuta turhamaisuutesi! Tyttö ei saata rakastaa
tätä nuorta miestä, syystä että hän on huono mies; sinua hän
jumaloi, koska luulee sinua puolijumalaksi. Mutta jos hän tietäisi,
mitä sinä tiedät, jos hän tietäisi sinutkin petturiksi, vain tuota toista
onnellisemmaksi petturiksi, rakastaisikohan hän silloin sinua?

… Ja jos hän todella olisi kuolettavasti rakastunut sinuun, millaista


olisi sinun, millaista hänen elämänsä, jos ottaisit vastaan hänen
rakkautensa? Silloin sinä olisit erottamattomasti yhdistetty Noëmiin.
Silloin on sinun viettäminen kaksoiselämää, joista kumpikin on
valheellista. Tahdotko sitoa kohtalosi kahtaalle? Niin pian kuin jätät
toisen tai toisen, seuraa levottomuus sinua. Toisaalla sinä olet
vapiseva rakkautesi, toisaalla kunniasi vuoksi.

… Vaimosi ei sinua rakasta, mutta on sinulle uskollinen kuin kulta.


Sinä kärsit, mutta eikö Timeakin kärsi? Ja teidän molempien
kärsimykset eivät ole hänen syytään, vaan yksinomaan sinun. Sinä
olet varastanut hänen aarteensa ja sen jälkeen hänen vapautensa;
tahdotko nyt varastaa häneltä uskollisuutesikin, jonka olet antanut
hänelle lunnaaksi?

… Hän ei luultavasti milloinkaan ole saava kuulla mitään, eikä asia


niin ollen ole tuottava hänelle mitään tuskaa. Sinä olet näihinkin
saakka viettänyt aikasi poissa kotoa. Kauppiaan on liikeasioissaan
vaellettava kaukaisissa maissa, toisissa maanosissa. Keväästä
syksyyn saatat olla täällä, ilman että kukaan kiinnittää huomiota
poissaoloosi. Ja jos joku sinulta kysyy, missä olet ollut, vastaat vain:
Virkamatkoilla.

… Mutta miten on tytön käyvä?

… Noëmi ei olekaan sellainen kevytmielinen letukka, joka voitaisiin


tänään uhrata himojen tyydytykseen ja jolle huomenna kyllästyttyä
annetaan palkkioksi suuri summa ja joka sitten kyllä etsii lohdutusta
muualta. Hänen isänsäkin on kuollut tekemällä itsemurhan. Tällä
sydämellä ei käy leikkiminen.

… Ja jos se siunaus, jota rakastava pariskunta rukoilee Jumalalta,


lankeaisi osaksesi siellä, missä et ole sitä anonutkaan. Miten on
silloin käyvä vaimosi, miten perheesi, jolla ei ihmislakien mukaisesti
ole mitään oikeuksia sinuun, yhtävähän kuin sinulla heihin?

… Noëmi ei olekkaan tavallinen tyttö, joka antaisi leikitellä


kanssaan mielin määrin. Hän ottaa sydämesi kokonaan itselleen ja
antaa omansa sinulle sijaan. Kuinka sinä saatat ottaa päällesi
sellaisen vastuun? Kuinka tahtoisit auttaa häntä siitä kurjuudesta,
johon syökset hänet?

… Tahdotko öisiin unelmiisi manata lapsensurmaajan tai


itsemurhaajan kuvan?
… Ja sitäpaitsi on olemassa vieläkin yksi este. Kuinka saisit sen
pois tieltä? Se on hylätty kosija! Tästä viekkaasta seikkailijasta ei
uusi ilkityö ole minkäänarvoinen; hän kykenee kaikkeen ja on
vainoava sinua vaikka toiseen maanosaan asti, hän on sulkeva tiesi,
jos aiot ottaa askeleenkaan eteenpäin elämäsi polulla, hän on
vainoava tietoonsa salaisuutesi ja kiusaava sinua ikäsi kaiken.
Hänestä et ole pääsevä eroon millään hinnalla, et edes suurimmilla
uhreilla. Hän on vihassaan oleva sitkeämpi vainooja kuin on
rakkaudessaan se nainen, joka alttarilla on vannonut uskollisuutta
sinulle. Kuinka sinä hänestä vapaudut? Joko hän surmaa sinut tai
sinä hänet. Ihana sukulaisuus, joka päättyy mestauslavalla! Ja sinä,
onnenpoika, jota kaikki kunnioittavat ja osoittavat hyveen
esimerkkinä, hyväntekeväisyyden saarnaajana, sinä asetut asemaan,
jossa saat aina olla valmiina joutumaan esille rikosjutussa.

Timar otti hatun päästään ja kuivasi hikeä otsaltaan. Leuto


kevättuuli viilensi vienosti hänen polttavia ohimoitaan.

Hän koetti puolustautua raskaita syytöksiä vastaan.

… Enkö minä siis milloinkaan saisi iloita olemassaolostani?


Neljänkymmenen vuoden aikana minä en ole muuta tehnyt kuin
noussut aikaisin ylös, mennyt myöhään nukkumaan ja koko päivän
ponnistanut … minkä vuoksi? Että toisten olisi hyvä, mutta ei minun.

… Miksi minä olen onneton omassa kodissani?

… Enkö minä mennyt valittuani vastaan hehkuvasti rakastaen?


Enkö minä jumaloinut vaimoani? Eikö hänen kylmyytensä saattanut
minua epätoivoiseksi? Hän ei minua rakasta!
… Olenko minä anastanut hänen omaisuutensa? Se ei ole totta.
Minä olen pelastanut sen hänelle. Jos minä löytäessäni olisin antanut
sen hänen holhoojalleen, niin tämä olisi hävittänyt kaiken ja nyt
hänen olisi käytävä kerjuulla. Mutta nyt hän sitävastoin omistaa
kaiken, mikä kuului hänelle. Itselleni en ole pidättänyt mitään muuta
kuin ne vaatteet, jotka ovat ylläni. Minäkö olisin varas?

Noëmi rakastaa minua. Sitä asiaa ei nyt voi enää auttaa. Hän on
rakastanut minua jo ensi näkemästä asti.

… Onko hän oleva onnellinen, jollen minä palaa hänen luokseen?

… Enkö minä häntä surmaa, jos väistän häntä? Enkö pakota häntä
itsemurhaan, jollen milloinkaan palaa takaisin?

Tällä saarella, joka on etäällä maailmasta, eivät yhteiskunnalliset


ja kirkolliset lait merkitse mitään; siellä on vain tosi, puhdas
luonnontunne vallalla. Eikö siis siellä asu todellinen onni, joka on
paennut hullua maailmaa?

… Ja mitä voisi tuo pojanhupakko, joka tunkeutuu väliimme, tehdä


minulle? Hän tarvitsee vain rahaa, eikä sitä minulta puutu. Minä
maksan hänelle ja hän on jättävä minut rauhaan. Miksi minä häntä
pelkäisin?

Kevättuuli suhisi nuorten poppelien oksissa.

Tässä polku teki mutkan ja siinä oli risumaja, jonka sisäänkäytävä


oli karhunmarjapensaiden peitossa.

Timar kuivasi hien otsaltaan ja pani hatun päähänsä.

Hänen sovittava henkensä puhui taas:


… Onhan totta, ettei sinulla ole mitään koko maailmassa, joka
ilahuttaisi sydäntäsi. Elämäsi on yksinäistä ja hyljättyä, mutta
levollista, Illalla levolle laskeutuessasi ajattelet: "Taaskin on yksi
iloton päivä mennyt" — mutta sinä ajattelet myös: "Minä saatan
rauhassa mennä levolle, minä en ole rikkonut ketään vastaan, eikä
mikään rikos paina mieltäni." Uhraisitko tämän omantunnonrauhan
ilosta, jotka vievät unesi?

Tähän vastasi vastustava henki:

… Mutta ken voi sanoa synniksi rakkautta ja hyveeksi kärsimystä?


Ken on nähnyt ne kaksi enkeliä, joista toinen, Jumalan oikealla
kädellä istuen, kirjoittaa muistiin niiden nimet, jotka kärsivät ja
kieltäytyvät, sillä aikaa kuin toinen kirjoittaa mustaan kirjaan niiden
nimet, jotka rakastavat eivätkä halveksi maallista autuutta?

Hänen näin mietiskellessään paukahti kaksi laukausta aivan hänen


läheisyydessään ja hänen päänsä päällä vingahti kahden luodin
kaamea ääni, joka muistuttaa ampiaisen surinaa tai kuolinharpun
säveltä. Kahden luodin lävistämänä putosi Mikaelin hattu
pensaikkoon.

Molemmat laukaukset tulivat rappeutuneesta mökistä. Ensi


silmänräpäyksessä lamautuivat Mikaelin jäsenet kauhusta; nämä
kaksi laukausta olivat tulleet ikäänkuin vastaukseksi hänen suloisiin
ajatuksiinsa. Hänen ruumiinsa läpi kulki väristys. Mutta seuraavassa
silmänräpäyksessä tukahutti kauhistuksen tunteen esiinpursuva
raivo. Hän tempaisi kiväärin olaltaan, jännitti molemmat hanat ja
syöksyi raivokkaana majaa kohti, jonka aukoista äsken laukaistujen
laukausten savu vielä tuprusi.
Hänen pyssynpiippunsa edessä seisoi vapiseva mies: Teodor
Kristyan. Tyhjäksi ammuttu kaksoispistooli oli vielä hänen kädessään;
hän piti sitä nyt edessään ikäänkuin puolustaakseen kasvojaan ja
vapisi koko ruumiissaan.

"Vai niin, sinäkö se oletkin!" huusi Mikael.

"Armoa!" soperteli vapiseva olento, heitti aseen luotaan ja


rukoillen ojensi molemmat kätensä Mikaelia kohti. Hänen polvensa
löivät yhteen, ja hän saattoi tuskin pysyä jaloillaan. Hänen kasvonsa
olivat kuolonkalpeat, hänen silmänsä kiillottomat; hän oli enemmän
kuollut kuin elävä.

Timar sai nyt takaisin itsehillitsemiskyvyn. Kauhistus ja raivo


haihtuivat. Hän antoi kohotetun pyssynsä vaipua.

"Tule lähemmä!" hän sanoi levollisesti salamurhaajalle.

"En uskalla", sammalsi tämä painautuen risuseinää vasten; "te


surmaatte minut."

"Älä pelkää, en minä tahdo henkeäsi. Kas niin" — hän laukaisi


pyssynsä ilmaan — "nyt olen minäkin aseeton, eikä sinulla enää ole
syytä pelätä henkeäsi."

Teodor hoippuroi ulos majasta.

"Sinä tahdoit tappaa minut", sanoi Mikael. "Onneton! Säälin


sinua."

Nuori rikollinen ei uskaltanut katsoa häneen.


"Teodor Kristyan! Sinä olet vielä nuori ja olit kuitenkin vähällä tulla
murhaajaksi! Se ei sinulle onnistunut. Tutki itseäsi! Sinä et ole
häijyluontoinen; toiset ovat myrkyttäneet sielusi. Minä tunnen sinun
elämäsi tarinan, minä annan sinulle anteeksi. Sinulla on hyviä
taipumuksia, mutta sinä käytät niitä väärin. Sinä olet
tyhjäntoimittaja, mies, joka petät koko maailmaa. Saattaako sinua
miellyttää sellainen elämä? Mahdotonta! Alota uutta. Tahdotko, että
hankin sinulle paikan, jossa voit saada koetella kykyäsi ja rehellisesti
ansaita leipäsi? Minulla on useita suhteita; Voin ja tahdon hankkia
sinulle toimen. Tuossa käteni!"

Murhaaja heittäytyi polvilleen sen ihmisen eteen, jonka hengen


hän oli tahtonut ottaa, tarttui hänen ojennettuun käteensä
molemmin käsin ja peitti sen suudelmillaan, koko ajan kiihkeästi
nyyhkyttäen.

"Oi, herrani, te olette ensimmäinen ihminen, joka puhuttelette


minua noin. Sallikaa minun laskeutua polvilleni edessänne. Aina
poika-ajoistani asti on minua ajettu kuin koiraa ovelta ovelle; minun
on täytynyt varastaa, peijata ja petkuttaa itselleni jok'ikinen suupala.
Ei kukaan ole minulle kättään ojentanut, lukuunottamatta erästä,
joka oli minuakin huonompi ja joka johdatti minut väärälle tielle.
Minä olen viettänyt häpeällistä, kurjaa elämää, joka on ollut täynnä
petosta ja kavaluutta ja minun täytyy vapista jokaisen tutun ihmisen
edessä, jonka kohtaan. Ja nyt te ojennatte minulle kätenne, te, jota
minä rosvon tavoin olen väijynyt monet päivät, te tahdotte pelastaa
minun henkeni. Antakaa minun maata jalkojenne juuressa
kuuntelemassa käskyjänne."

"Nouse ylös! Minä en rakasta haikeita tunnenäytelmiä. Miehen


kyyneleet herättävät minussa aina epäluuloa."
"Olette oikeassa", sanoi Teodor Kristyan, "ja etenkin tällaisen
kuuluisan näyttelijän näyttelemänä, joka heti on purskahtanut
itkuun, kun joku on sanonut: 'he, tuossa ropo, itkeppä hiukkasen.'
Minua ei nytkään uskota, kun todella itken. Minä tukahutan kyllä
kyyneleeni."

"Ja sitäkin paremmin, koska aikomukseni ei suinkaan ole pitää


teille siveyssaarnaa, vaan ainoastaan puhua sangen kuivasta asiasta.
Te mainitsitte tässä taannoin suhteistanne Scaramelliin ja matkasta
Brasiliaan."

"Se oli kaikki valhetta."

"Niin arvelinkin. Te ette siis ole missään suhteissa Scaramelliin?"

"Olen ennen ollut, mutta en ole enää."

"Oletteko paennut, vai onko teidät ajettu pois?"

"Paennut."

"Teille uskottuine rahoinenne?"

"Kolme tai neljäsataa guldenia mukanani."

"Sanokaamme niitä olleen viisisataa. Eikö teillä olisi halua itse


viedä niitä takaisin? Minä olen liikeasioissa mainitun kauppahuoneen
kanssa."

"Minä en mielelläni jäisi sinne."

"Miten on laita Brasilian-matkan?"


"Siinä kertomuksessa ei ole ainoatakaan totuuden sanaa; sieltä ei
saada mitään laivanrakennuspuita."

"Kaikkein vähimmin sellaisia, joita mainitsitte. Joukossahan oli


väripuitakin."

Teodor hymyili.

"Tosiasia on se, että aioin myydä saaren puut eräälle


kalkinpolttajalle, saadakseni hiukan rahaa. Terese arvasi heti oikeat
aikeeni."

"Te ette siis tulleet hänen luokseen rakkaudesta Noëmiin?"

"Ei, minulla on vaimoja joka maassa, missä olen matkustellut."

"Hm! — Minä tiedän sangen edullisen toimen teille Brasiliassa,


asiamiehenpaikan eräässä uudessa liikkeessä. Siinä vaaditaan
unkarin, saksan, italian, englannin ja espanjan kielten taitoa."

"Minä puhun ja kirjoitan kaikkia näitä kieliä."

"Tiedän sen, ja senlisäksi vielä kreikan, turkin, puolan ja venäjän


kieltä. Te olette nerokas ihminen. Minä hankin siis teille tämän
toimen, jossa voitte käyttää kykyänne rehellisellä tavalla. Virassa on
kolmentuhannen dollarin vuositulot ja sitäpaitsi määrätty prosentti
liikkeen voitosta. Teistä itsestänne riippuu, kuinka suuri se on oleva."

Teodor ei tiennyt, tuliko hänen uskoa omia korviaan. Mutta hän oli
niin tottunut näyttelemään, että hän nyt tuntiessaan todellista
kiitollisuutta, ei uskaltanut osoittaa sitä, pelosta, että se taas
käsitettäisiin näyttelemiseksi.
"Tarkoitatteko totta, herra?"

"Mitä syytä minulla olisi laskea leikkiä tässä, tällä hetkellä ja teidän
kanssanne? Te olette uhannut elämääni — minun on saatava
varmuus siitä, että ette sitä, enää tee. Omatuntoni estää minut
raivaamasta teitä tieltäni. Minun on siis oman turvallisuuteni tähden
koetettava tehdä teistä hyvä ihminen. Kun te olette onnellisessa
asemassa, ei minun tarvitse enää pelätä teitä. Nyt kaiketi käsitätte
menettelytapani. Ottakaa tässä lompakkoni todisteeksi siitä, että
tarjoukseni on rehellisellä mielellä tehty. Siitä löydätte tarvittavat
matkarahat Triestiin ja todennäköisesti niin paljon, kuin olette velkaa
Scaramellille. Triestissä tapaatte edellänne kirjeen, joka antaa
lähempiä tietoja. Ja nyt menemme toinen oikealle, toinen
vasemmalle."

Teodorin käsi vapisi ottaessaan ojennetun lompakon.

Mikael otti maasta läpiammutun lakkinsa.

"Ja nyt saatte itse arvostella kahta laukaustanne, miten haluatte.


Jos ne olivat salamurhaajan, niin on teillä kyllin syytä välttää
kohtaamasta minua sellaisella paikalla, missä laki on voimassa. —
Jos taasen ne olivat loukkaantuneen ritarin, niin tietäkää, että ensi
kerralla on minun vuoroni ampua…"

Teodor Kristyan paljasti rintansa huudahtaen intohimoisesti:

"Ampukaa minut, jos vielä kerran astun silmäinne eteen! Ampukaa


minut kuoliaaksi kuin hullun koiran!"

Hän otti maasta laukaistun pistoolinsa ja painoi sen Timarin


käteen.
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