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3) The Chinese Exclusion Act officially prohibited Chinese from immigrating to the United
States.

3) ______

⊚ true
⊚ false

Question Details

4) Maquiladoras are an example of how multinational corporations can reap lower labor
costs while adhering to U.S. environmental policies.

4) ______

⊚ true
⊚ false

Question Details

5) Ethical principles are often culture-bound, and intercultural conflicts arise from varying
notions of what constitutes ethical behavior.

5) ______

⊚ true
⊚ false

Question Details

Version 1 2
6) One of the most important reasons for studying intercultural communication is to gain an
awareness of one's own cultural identity and background.

6) ______

⊚ true
⊚ false

Question Details

7) According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the majority of immigrants to the United States
now come from Latin America.

7) ______

⊚ true
⊚ false

Question Details

8) Generally speaking, all immigrants can assimilate into the American "melting pot."

8) ______

⊚ true
⊚ false

Version 1 3
Question Details

9) The universalist position holds that cultural behavior can only be judged within the
context in which it occurs.

9) ______

⊚ true
⊚ false

Question Details

10) The study of intercultural communication fails to provide insights into cultural patterns
and ignores the ethical issues involved in intercultural interaction.

10) ______

⊚ true
⊚ false

Question Details

MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or
answers the question.
11) In the context of the global economy, foreign-owned plants that use domestic labor are
known as _____.

Version 1 4
 11) ______

A) maquiladoras
B) teepees
C) cliques
D) pueblos

Question Details

12) Raymond works as a business consultant for large multinational companies (MNCs)
based in the United States. He conducts sessions for the employees of these MNCs before they
are sent to Japan for work. His job involves educating them about behaviors that can cause ill
will and mistrust, enhance negative stereotypes, and result in loss of business opportunities. In
this scenario, Raymond is most likely employed as a _____.

12) ______

A) cross-cultural trainer
B) human resource coordinator
C) regional administrative manager
D) collaboration specialist

Question Details

13) Which of the following statements is true of the technological imperative to study
intercultural communication?

13) ______

Version 1 5
 A) All media experts believe that online connectivity necessarily strengthens
relationships.
B) Technology connects people to events in the most remote parts of the world and also
to people one may never meet face-to-face.
C) Technology has drastically decreased the frequency with which most people
encounter multilingual situations.
D) The absence of nonverbal cues in online communication makes communication
easier and helps in avoiding misunderstandings, especially when communicating across cultures.

Question Details

14) John, an engineer in a multinational corporation, uses e-mail to communicate with his
colleagues from India and Taiwan on a weekly basis. In this scenario, John's communication
illustrates the _____ imperative for studying intercultural communication.

14) ______

A) economic
B) technological
C) peace
D) demographic

Question Details

15) Identify a true statement about the changing immigration patterns in the United States of
America.

15) ______

Version 1 6
 A) Current patterns of immigration fail to have a significant impact on the social
landscape because the foreign-born population continues to fall as a percentage of the total
population.
B) Current immigration changes, along with increasing domestic diversity, show that
the United States is becoming more heterogeneous.
C) According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the vast majority of today's immigrants now
come from European and Middle Eastern countries.
D) The number of people immigrating from Latin America to the United States has
steadily declined since 1970.

Question Details

16) Changes in the composition of the U.S. population illustrate the _____ imperative for
studying intercultural communication.

16) ______

A) economic
B) technological
C) peace
D) demographic

Question Details

Version 1 7
17) John and Nancy were raised in Illinois and speak only English. Many of their neighbors,
however, have immigrated from countries outside the United States and speak English as a
second language. In this scenario, John and Nancy's desire to have a positive relationship with
their diverse neighbors illustrates the _____ imperative for studying intercultural
communication.

17) ______

A) economic
B) technological
C) peace
D) demographic

Question Details

18) Violence, conflict, and tension among differing cultural groups that are in constant
contact with each other illustrate the _____ imperative for studying intercultural communication.

18) ______

A) economic
B) self-awareness
C) peace
D) demographic

Question Details

19) Conflicts between the U.S. government and various drug cartels in Mexico illustrate the
_____ imperative for studying intercultural communication.

Version 1 8
 19) ______

A) economic
B) ethical
C) peace
D) demographic

Question Details

20) Gaining an awareness of one's own cultural identity and background illustrates the _____
imperative for studying intercultural communication.

20) ______

A) self-awareness
B) demographic
C) ethical
D) technological

Question Details

21) Maria had never really thought much about her Italian heritage until she became friends
with Aylin, an American of Middle Eastern descent. Through interaction with Aylin's family,
Maria gradually began to realize that many of her own behaviors were culturally determined. In
this scenario, Maria's experience illustrates the _____ imperative for studying intercultural
communication.

21) ______

Version 1 9
 A) economic
B) ethical
C) self-awareness
D) demographic

Question Details

22) People who believe that cultural differences are only superficial and that one needs to
identify those rules that apply across cultures are operating from the _____ position of ethics.

22) ______

A) political
B) relativist
C) judicial
D) universalist

Question Details

23) Which of the following statements is true of the relativist position of ethics?

23) ______

Version 1 10
 A) It holds that any cultural behavior can be judged only within the cultural context in
which it occurs.
B) It encourages people to identify those rules that apply across cultures.
C) It argues that cultural differences are only superficial and that fundamental notions of
right and wrong are universal.
D) It focuses particularly on identifying acts and conditions that most societies think of
as wrong, such as murder and theft.

Question Details

24) Rebecca is appalled by the fact that girls regularly marry before the age of fifteen in some
countries. She believes that all females should become adults before they marry, regardless of
their culture, because of issues related to education, prenatal health, and inheritance rights. In this
scenario, Rebecca has assumed the _____ position of ethics.

24) ______

A) relativist
B) westernized
C) universalist
D) politicized

Question Details

Version 1 11
25) Toni tells her Chinese friend, Guiwen, that he should not be angry about the perceived
superficial friendliness of many Americans without first understanding the cultural context of
their behavior. In the context of ethical judgments and cultural values, Toni has taken the _____
position.

25) ______

A) explanatory
B) universalist
C) relativist
D) nonjudgmental

Question Details

26) In the context of intercultural communication, the process by which we "look in the
mirror" to see ourselves as cultural beings is known as _____.

26) ______

A) self-reflexivity
B) self-awareness
C) journaling
D) heterogeneity

Question Details

27) Someone who takes an extreme universalist position would insist that

27) ______

Version 1 12
 A) any cultural behavior can be judged only within the cultural context in which it
occurs.
B) only a community can truly judge the ethics of its members.
C) cultural differences are deeply embedded in society.
D) fundamental notions of right and wrong are the same across the globe.

Question Details

28) Principles of conduct that help govern the behavior of individuals and groups are known
as _____.

28) ______

A) biases
B) ethics
C) values
D) beliefs

Question Details

29) Which of the following statements is true of the current economic disparity that exists
among different immigrant groups in the United States of America?

29) ______

Version 1 13
 A) The gap in test scores between rich and poor children is 30 to 40 percent narrower
than it was 25 years ago, suggesting that poor youngsters are benefiting more than ever.
B) A real consequence of the gap between the rich and the poor is an increased
economic growth in the nation and social mobility between generations.
C) Most Americans readily admit that a class structure exists, but they argue that it is
easy to move up in this structure.
D) The widening gap between the rich and the poor is partly due to the loss of stable
industrial jobs as companies move to cheap labor markets.

Question Details

30) The expansion of businesses into markets around the world is known as _____.

30) ______

A) immigration
B) mobility
C) heterogeneity
D) globalization

Question Details

31) In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the anti-immigrant, nativistic
sentiment

31) ______

Version 1 14
 A) targeted immigrants of southern European descent only.
B) was not supported by the government of the United States.
C) was supported by the government of the United States.
D) was a form of economic protection for enclave communities.

Question Details

32) Current immigration changes, along with increasing domestic diversity clearly illustrate
the fact that the United States is becoming more _____.

32) ______

A) heterogeneous
B) classist
C) nativist
D) ethical

Question Details

33) The study of intercultural communication in order to proselytize others without their
consent illustrates a(n) _____ issue associated with the application of intercultural knowledge.

33) ______

Version 1 15
 A) ethical
B) practical
C) religious
D) demographic

Question Details

34) The existing gap between the rich and the poor and the high number of working poor

34) ______

A) result in an increased effort by the poor to attain wealth.

B) result in decreased economic growth in the nation.
C) do not significantly affect equality of opportunity for the next generation.
D) have not affected the life expectancy of rich men and poor men.

Question Details

ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
35) In what ways economic conditions make a difference in attitudes toward foreign workers
and immigration policies?

Version 1 16
Question Details

36) In what ways the study of intercultural communication can be helpful in understanding
ethical issues involved in intercultural interaction?

Question Details

37) Identify and discuss three ways in which we might become ethical students of culture.

Question Details

38) Identify and discuss four of the six imperatives for studying intercultural communication.

Version 1 17
Question Details

39) Compare and contrast the universalist and relativist positions in the context of ethical
intercultural interaction.

Question Details

40) In what ways have the conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq underscored the need to study
intercultural communication?

Question Details

Version 1 18
41) How has the history of immigration influenced cultural relations within the United
States?

Question Details

42) How practicing self-reflexivity may improve intercultural communication?

Question Details

43) How has the changing demographics in the United States affected intercultural
communication?

Version 1 19
Question Details

Version 1 20
Answer Key

Test name: Chapter 1

1) TRUE

2) TRUE

3) TRUE

4) TRUE

5) TRUE

6) TRUE

7) TRUE

8) FALSE

9) FALSE

10) FALSE

11) A

12) A

Version 1 21
13) B

14) B

15) B

16) D

17) D

18) C

19) C

20) A

21) C

22) D

23) A

24) C

25) C

26) A

Version 1 22
27) D

28) B

29) D

30) D

31) C

32) A

33) A

34) B

Version 1 23
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ses hoquets s'entendaient deux salles plus loin. Au dernier moment,
une religieuse lui tenait une bougie allumée dans la main ; la
servante, de l'autre côté du lit, racontait le plaisir qu'elle venait
d'avoir à la kermesse de son village ; la sœur écoutait, amusée ;
toutes deux se penchaient au-dessus du lit en riant, sans se
préoccuper de la mourante, dont le regard intelligent allait de l'une à
l'autre. La cire de la bougie coulait sur la main de la jeune femme et
la brûlait. Ses hoquets se précipitaient ; elle fit une grimace ridicule
en se mordant la langue, et ce fut tout. La sœur enleva la bougie,
regarda négligemment la morte, et s'éloigna avec la servante, en
poursuivant la conversation.
Une couturière tuberculeuse avait accouché en agonisant, sans
pousser un gémissement ; mais, quand elle fut délivrée et qu'on
emporta l'enfant pour le laver, elle s'efforça de lever les bras et
bégaya :
— Je ne le verrai pas.
Elle devint livide, sa tête ballotta de droite et de gauche : elle
était morte.
J'irai mourir ainsi, moi! jamais!!
J'en ai pour cinq ans, si je ne guéris pas : j'aurais alors vingt-
quatre ans, Klaasje seulement quatorze, et je ne serais plus là! Ah!
non, non! je ne veux pas. Il me faut ces médicaments qui me
guériront. Le docteur se les fait donner à la pharmacie de l'hôpital :
j'en aurai donc toujours.
Quand mes bouteilles étaient vides, j'allais chez le chef de service
qui, chaque fois, poussait le verrou.
 PROSTITUÉE

«Ma fille a le billet jaune».

Dostoïevsky.

Encore une fois, nous étions sans manger. Hein frappait depuis
deux jours sur l'enclume, avec les lourds marteaux de son métier de
forgeron, sans avoir pris aucune nourriture ; il était affalé sur une
chaise, pâle, la tête baissée, les bras pendants, engourdis le long du
corps, et répétait :
— Je ne peux plus, je ne peux plus. Les petites jambes de
Klaasje s'étaient dérobées sous lui, et il gisait à terre, contre le mur ;
les autres enfants étaient dispersés, ici et là, dans la chambre, tous
malades de faim. Ma mère avait le visage enfiévré, et des
clignotements d'yeux précipités qui accusaient son affolement ; moi,
des vertiges me faisaient chanceler.
Ma sœur aînée nous avait quittés, et nous attendions mon père,
parti dès le matin à la recherche de quelque chose à gagner. Il
rentra ivre et demanda à manger.
Je regardais autour de moi, sentant qu'un malheur allait arriver,
si on ne trouvait immédiatement une issue. Ma décision fut prise.
J'allongeai ma jupe en traîne ; je tirai mes cheveux sur le front ; je
m'ajustai le mieux que je pus, en regrettant de n'avoir pas de fard,
comme j'en avais vu aux prostituées, et dis à ma mère que j'allais
sortir. Elle voulut m'accompagner, pour rapporter plus vite les
victuailles.
Une fois au centre de la ville, je lui recommandai de rester à
distance. Bientôt un homme me fit signe de le suivre, et m'emmena
dans une maison de rendez-vous. Quand, après, je lui réclamai mon
salaire, il me demanda si je me moquais de lui.
— Pour cinq francs, je puis avoir une femme chic, et tu es fichue
comme une mendiante et sale en proportion. Ouste! laisse-moi
passer.
En bas, il refusa de payer la chambre. La tenancière nous
menaça de la police, et il finit par régler. A la sortie, la femme me
cria :
— Sale guenille, je te ferai «carter», si tu oses revenir.
Ma mère m'attendait au boulevard ; quand je lui racontai la
chose, elle resta pétrifiée.
— Que pouvais-je faire? Que pouvais-je faire? J'ai risqué d'être
enceinte d'un inconnu, d'attraper la sale maladie, on m'a insultée, et
pour rien, pour rien! et les enfants, mon Dieu, les enfants!
— Si nous ne rapportons rien, ils mourront, dit ma mère.
Je pleurais, la figure contre un arbre. Mais la vision de nos
enfants qui nous attendaient, me rendit toute mon énergie.
— Je vais continuer, dis-je ; mais tenez-vous donc plus loin : vous
me suivez sur les talons.
Je n'avais pas de mouchoir et, en essuyant mes larmes de mes
mains, je me barbouillais la figure.
J'entendis bientôt murmurer derrière moi :
— Petite, petite…
Je me retournai et vis un géant qui me suivait.
— Petite, viens avec moi.
Je le suivis.
Il me conduisit dans une autre maison, et me donna quelques
francs d'avance.
 Il me mania avec grande précaution : il avait manifestement peur
de me casser. Il riait de ma figure noire, il riait de ma maigreur, tout
mon être minime le mettait en joie, et il répétait sans cesse :
— Petite, petite!
Après quelque temps, on vint frapper à la porte en criant :
— Dites donc, vous autres, le temps est passé ; du monde
attend ; il nous faut la chambre.
Croyant que c'était la police, je m'étais jetée, terrifiée, contre le
géant, ce qui le mit encore en joie. Il m'entoura de ses bras, et riant
doucement, murmura :
— Allons, petite! Allons, petite!
Comme j'étais bien sur cette immense poitrine! pour la première
fois de ma vie, je me sentis protégée. Tous les sbires de la ville
n'auraient pu dénouer les bras qui m'enserraient : il leur aurait dit,
amusé :
— Voyons, c'est une petite, une petite.
Une fois à la rue, je galopai vers ma mère. Nous achetâmes de
pauvres vivres, et, dès le bas de l'escalier, nous criâmes aux
enfants :
— Nous avons du pain! nous avons du pain!
Au bout de quelques jours, notre ménage marcha régulièrement,
comme jamais il n'avait marché. Les enfants mangeaient aux heures,
étaient lavés, allaient à l'école ; ma mère vaquait au ménage ; mon
père ne buvait plus : il faisait le café et pelait les pommes de terre.
Seule, je rageais et pleurais, accroupie sur le vieux canapé qui me
servait de lit.
La simplicité avec laquelle mes parents s'adaptaient à cette
situation, me les faisait prendre en une aversion qui croissait chaque
jour. Ils en étaient arrivés à oublier que moi, la plus jolie de la
nichée, je me prostituais tous les soirs aux passants. Sans doute, il
n'y avait d'autre moyen pour nous de ne pas mourir de faim, mais je
me refusais à admettre que ce moyen fût accepté sans la révolte et
les imprécations qui, nuit et jour, me secouaient.
 J'étais trop jeune pour comprendre que, chez eux, la misère avait
achevé son œuvre, tandis que j'avais toute ma jeunesse et toute ma
vigueur pour me cabrer devant le sort.
 TABLE DES MATIÈRES

Vision 1
Mes parents 5
Quand je me réveillai, c'était le soir 17
Premier Exode 21
Reliefs et Oripeaux 25
Têtes et Peaux d'Anguilles 29
Deuxième Exode 33
Non! Non! 37
A l'École catholique 47
La Soupe aux Pois 53
Catéchisme et Première Communion 59
J'entends les puces marcher 71
Déception 79
Mon père propose de nous abandonner 83
Je fais des visites 87
Toupie et Cerf-volant 101
Une Expulsion 107
Ma Robe de Première Communion 115
Jours de fête 119
Nous vivons de charité 123
 Ah! vous aviez des «kwartjes»! 129
L'Usurière 133
Baâtje 137
Si nous étions riches 145
Je fais pipi dans mes jupes 151
Les deux Grenadiers 155
Le Village Rouge 163
Marchande de Rue 169
Une leçon de vie pratique 181
Je quitte ma place 191
Ma fille, Monsieur Cabanel 199
Troisième Exode 207
Fabrique de Chapeaux 213
Ils pèlent des oignons 223
Une nuit au parc de Bruxelles 227
La variole 241
Les pommes de terre 245
Un pain pour des timbres 249
Kees acrobate 253
Symphonie de la faim 261
Klaasje condamné 267
A l'hôpital 277
Prostituée 291

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