PARKING

STUDIES
GROUP 4:
ALMOJUELA, ZYR LAWRENCE
ARIOLA, JAZMINE CLAIRE
BARJA, MARK ANTHONY
BERNARDO, JEWEL RHYIZEN
CRUZ, JHENNELLE
DASIGO, TIMOTHY LUIS
DE LOS SANTOS, HANS GABRIEL
ENRIQUEZ, LANCE ANGELO
GRAN, CARL PAOLO
JAUCIAN, KURT JASPER
LOBOS, PATRICIA
NOLOS, JEROME CARLO
REDILLAS, CHARLES ANDREI
TAMING, SHIELA-LYN
LIST OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Types of Parking Facilities
Components of Parking Studies
Methodology
Devices and Tools Used in Parking Studies
Formulas and Computations (If Applicable)
Presentation of Results
Applications of Parking Studies
Parking Problems and Challenges
Parking Management Strategies
Conclusion
Recommendations
Case Study
Understand the Importance of Parking Studies
Identify Different Types of Parking Facilities
Analyze the Components of Parking Studies
Explore Methodologies and Devices Used in
Parking Studies
Apply Mathematical Formulas in Parking Studies
Evaluate Challenges and Issues in Parking
Management
Present Effective Parking Management
Strategies
Suggest Future Improvements in Parking Planning
 INTRODUCTION
PARKING STUDIES
Parking
refers to the act of temporarily storing a vehicle in a
designated area. It is an important component of the
transportation system, ensuring that vehicles have
appropriate spaces to stop when not in use.

Parking Studies
an analysis of a community or development's
parking needs. It typically includes an inventory of
existing parking,
an evaluation of current parking conditions and
projections of future parking demand.
conducted to inform decisions about land use,
transportation infrastructure, and parking
management.
 IMPORTANCE OF PARKING STUDIES IN URBAN
PLANNING AND TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
Optimizing Space Utilization Promoting Sustainability

Reducing Congestion Improving the Quality of Life

Improving Traffic Flow Enhancing Safety

TYPES OF
PARKING
FACILITIES
 ON STREET PARKING
These are also known as curb facilities.

Parking bays are provided alongside the curb on one or both sides of the
street. These bays can be unrestricted parking facilities if the duration of
parking is unlimited and parking is free, or they can be restricted parking
facilities if parking is limited to specific times of the day for a maximum
duration.

Parking at restricted facilities may or may not be free. Restricted facilities also
may be provided for specific purposes, such as to provide handicapped
parking or as bus stops or loading bays.
 OFF STREET PARKING
These facilities may be privately or publicly owned; they include surface lots
and garages.

Self-parking garages require that drivers park their own automobiles;

attendant-parking garages maintain personnel to park the automobiles.
ON STREET PARKING OFF STREET PARKING
COMPONENTS OF
PARKING
STUDIES
 Parking Inventory :
A detailed count of the total number of parking spaces available in the study area, including on-street
and off-street parking.

Parking Accumulation :
The total number of vehicles parked in a given area at specific times, helping to determine peak parking
periods.

Parking Duration :
The length of time vehicles remain parked in a given location, which helps in understanding turnover
rates.

Parking Turnover :
The rate at which parking spaces are vacated and reoccupied within a given period, usually measured in
spaces per hour.

Parking Occupancy :
Percentage of available parking spaces that are occupied at a given time, indicating the level of parking
congestion.

Your paragraph text

 Parking Demand :
The number of vehicles needing parking during a specific period, which helps in planning for future
parking needs.

Parking Utilization :
The effectiveness of parking space usage, comparing available capacity with actual demand.

Parking Violation Study :

Analyzing illegal parking activities, such as overstaying time limits, parking in restricted zones, or
improper use of handicapped spaces.

Parking Adequacy :
A comparison of parking demand and supply to determine if parking facilities are sufficient to meet
user needs.

Parking Fees and Policies :

Evaluating the impact of pricing and regulations on parking behavior, such as paid parking, time
restrictions, and permit requirements.

Your paragraph text

METHODOLOGY
The methodology for a parking
study follows a systematic
process to assess parking
availability, demand, and
efficiency.
 Study Area & Duration
Defining the geographical boundary of the study and the time period
for data collection. This ensures that the data accurately reflects
parking conditions in the chosen location.

Defined boundaries: Specify location

Survey period: Specify dates/times (weekday/weekend,
peak/off-peak)
 Data Collection Method

Inventory Survey: Count and classify parking spaces (on-street/off-street, metered/free).

Occupancy & Turnover Survey: Record space usage at intervals to determine demand
patterns.
License Plate Tracking: Monitor vehicle movement to analyze turnover and duration.
Observational Study: Identify illegal parking, congestion impacts, and enforcement
issues.
User Surveys: Collect feedback from drivers and stakeholders.
 Data Analysis
Once data is collected, it is analyzed using key
performance indicators (KPIs) to understand parking
patterns and issues.

Key Metrics:
Occupancy Rate: Percentage of spaces occupied at different times.
Turnover Rate: Number of vehicles using a parking space in a given period.
Average Parking Duration: Typical time vehicles remain parked.
Peak Parking Demand: The time of highest parking occupancy.
What's the word that links these four
pictures together?

A). HEP-HEP HOORAY

B). REGINE VELASQUEZ
C). SA KUKO NG AGILA
D). DEVICES AND TOOLS USED IN PARKING STUDIES
A)
 DEVICES AND
TOOLS USED IN
PARKING
STUDIES
 DEVICES AND TOOLS USED IN
PARKING STUDIES
Parking studies typically rely on various devices and
tools to gather accurate data on parking usage, behavior,
and conditions. These tools help in analyzing parking
patterns, occupancy rates, turnover, duration of stay,
and more
Parking Meters and Ticket Machines
These devices record the time
duration of parking and
monitor occupancy for areas
that charge for parking. They
can provide data on when
vehicles arrive and depart, as
well as how long they remain
in a space.
Video Cameras (CCTV)
Video cameras, often
connected to parking
management systems,
are used to monitor
parking lots and garages.
They help track vehicle
movement and
occupancy.
Sensors (Inductive Loop Sensors
and Infrared Sensors)
These sensors are
embedded in parking
spaces or on the ground
to detect the presence or
absence of vehicles. They
provide real-time data on
parking space
occupancy.
Mobile Applications
Parking study mobile
apps can help track
parking behavior by
gathering data from
users about parking
patterns, availability,
and time spent
searching for a spot.
Manual Surveys and Observations
Field observers
manually record
data regarding the
occupancy of
parking spaces,
arrival times, and
departure times.
Parking Management Systems

Comprehensive systems
combine various hardware
(sensors, cameras, meters)
and software to manage
parking spaces, process
payments, and collect
data.
Parking Occupancy/Turnover Counters

These electronic devices

count the number of
vehicles entering and
exiting a parking facility
or specific parking
spaces.
 FORMULAS
AND
COMPUTATIONS
HOUR VEHICLES ENTERING VEHICLES EXITING

1 20 5

2 15 8

3 18 10

4 22 15

5 30 20

6 35 25

7 28 30

8 20 35

9 15 25

10 10 20
VEHICLE ENTRY TIME EXIT TIME

1 10:00 AM 11:30 AM

2 10:15 AM 12:00 PM

3 10:30 AM 11:00 AM

4 10:45 AM 12:15 PM

5 11:00 AM 12:45 PM

6 11:15 AM 12:30 PM

7 11:30 AM 1:15 PM

8 11:45 AM 1:00 PM

9 12:00 PM 1:30 PM

10 12:15 PM 2:00 PM
PRESENTATION
OF
RESULTS
 PIE CHART
visually represents the
percentage distribution
of vehicles based on the
duration of their
parking time. Each
segment shows the
proportion of vehicles
parked for different
time intervals.
 HEAT MAP
heatmap showing
parking demand by
location.
Blue/Green Areas: These represent locations
with low parking demand.
Yellow/Orange Areas: These indicate moderate
parking demand.
Red Areas: These highlight zones with high
parking demand, meaning more vehicles are
concentrated in these regions.
 BAR GRAPH
bar graph represents the
percentage of occupied parking
spaces at different time
intervals throughout the day. It
provides a clear visual
comparison of how parking
demand fluctuates over time.
X-AXIS (TIME OF DAY) – REPRESENTS
DIFFERENT TIME INTERVALS (E.G., 8:00 AM, 10:00
AM, 12:00 PM, ETC.).
Y-AXIS (NUMBER OF VEHICLES PARKED) –
SHOWS THE TOTAL NUMBER OF PARKED
VEHICLES AT EACH TIME INTERVAL.
DATA POINTS AND LINE TREND – THE GRAPH
CONNECTS DATA POINTS WITH A LINE, MAKING IT
EASY TO OBSERVE TRENDS AND FLUCTUATIONS
IN PARKING ACCUMULATION.
 LINE GRAPH
illustrating parking
accumulation over time.
X-AXIS (TIME OF DAY) – REPRESENTS
DIFFERENT TIME INTERVALS (E.G., 8:00 AM,
10:00 AM, 12:00 PM, ETC.).
Y-AXIS (NUMBER OF VEHICLES PARKED) –
SHOWS THE TOTAL NUMBER OF PARKED
VEHICLES AT EACH TIME INTERVAL.
DATA POINTS AND LINE TREND – THE GRAPH
CONNECTS DATA POINTS WITH A LINE,
MAKING IT EASY TO OBSERVE TRENDS AND
FLUCTUATIONS IN PARKING ACCUMULATION.
 APPLICATIONS
OF
PARKING STUDIES
 Introduction
A city's ability to function smoothly is greatly
influenced by parking. It impacts land usage,
traffic, and the effectiveness of
transportation as a whole. Parking studies are
crucial because they enable us to better
understand parking availability, demand, and
usage trends in order to develop parking
infrastructure and policy.
 Key applications of parking studies

1. Parking Facility Planning & Design

2. Traffic Flow Improvement
3. Land Use and Urban Planning
4. Economic & Policy Development
5. Public Transport & Sustainable Solutions
6. Enforcement & Regulation
 1. Parking Facility Planning & Design
Parking studies help in designing efficient
parking facilities based on demand, location,
and space availability. These studies analyze
how many vehicles need parking and how to
optimize parking layouts to maximize capacity.
 2. Traffic Flow Improvement
Unregulated parking can cause congestion and
bottlenecks. Parking studies identify problem
areas and suggest solutions such as no-
parking zones, alternate parking schedules,
and loading/unloading bays.
 3. Land Use and Urban Planning
Parking studies help cities plan land use
effectively by determining the right balance
between commercial, residential, and parking
spaces.
 4. Economic & Policy Development
Parking studies provide data for setting
parking fees, fines, and incentives that
balance demand and revenue generation.
 5. Public Transport & Sustainable Solutions
Parking studies support sustainable transport
strategies by promoting park-and-ride
systems, bike parking, and pedestrian zones.
 6. Enforcement & Regulation
Parking studies help identify illegal parking
areas and guide authorities in enforcing
regulations through penalties and vehicle
towing.
PARKING PROBLEMS
AND
CHALLENGES
PROBLEMS
1.Limited Parking Availability

The demand for parking spaces in urban

areas consistently exceeds the
available supply, resulting in a
significant shortage of spots.
PROBLEMS
2. High Parking Costs

Parking fees in some areas can be quite

high, especially in high-demand areas
during peak business hours
PROBLEMS
3. Traffic Congestion

Addressing the issue of parking search

can play a crucial role in reducing
urban traffic congestion.
PROBLEMS
4. On-Street Parking issues

On-street parking can significantly

reduce road capacity, leading to
congestion When cars occupy lanes
meant for moving traffic, it disrupts the
flow and can cause backups
PROBLEMS
5. UNAUTHORIZED PARKING

people often resort to illegal parking,

further complicating the situation.
 CHallenges
1. Residents:
Many residents struggle with parking availability, which can lead to increased
stress and frustration.
2. Businesses:
For local retailers and service providers, parking challenges can deter
potential customers.
3. Local Governments:
They need to balance the need for effective parking solutions while dealing with
budget limitations.
 PARKING
MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIES
 Parking Management Strategies

are designed to optimize the use of parking spaces,

reduce congestion, improve accessibility, and create a
better experience for both drivers and pedestrians
Types of Parking Management Trategies

Pricing Strategies
Land Use and Zoning Strategies
Alternative Transportation Incentives
 Pricing Strategies
Pricing strategies are a key component of effective parking management, particularly in
urban areas where demand for parking spaces often exceeds supply
Parking Metering
Parking meters are installed on streets or in public parking lots to regulate the use of parking
spaces. Drivers pay a fee based on the amount of time they park
Dynamic Pricing
Prices for parking fluctuate depending on demand. Rates may be higher in high-demand
areas or during peak hours, and lower during off-peak times.
Residential Parking Permits
Residents in certain areas are issued parking permits to ensure that available parking spaces
are prioritized for them.
 Land Use and Zoning Strategies
key elements in urban planning that help manage the demand for
parking in a way that promotes efficiency, sustainability, and
convenience.
Mixed-Use Developments
Developments that combine residential, commercial, and recreational
spaces in a single area to reduce reliance on parking and encourage
alternative transportation options.
 Alternative Transportation Incentives
is a key strategy for managing parking demand and reducing traffic
congestion in urban areas.
Carpool and Ridesharing
Designating parking spots for carpooling or rideshare vehicles to
encourage carpooling and reduce the number of cars on the road.

Bike Parking and Infrastructure

Providing bike racks and bike-sharing stations to promote cycling as a
sustainable alternative to driving.
 CASE
STUDY
case study:

A CASE STUDY ON PARKING AND ITS

MANAGEMENT IN HIGH DENSED URBAN
CORRIDORS

AVINASH REDDY
CHINNAM TILAK
ABSTRACT:

Parking occupies a large amount of urban space, with

vehicles being parked for an average of 23 hours a
day, and each car requiring significant space. Parking
management is recognized as a key component of
transportation policy, impacting travel behavior,
economic development, safety, and environmental
quality.
INTRODUCTION:

The demand for parking spaces has surged over the

past decade, especially in smaller cities, causing
congestion in on-street parking and creating issues
in office and shopping areas during peak times. This
has resulted in economic, social, and environmental
losses. As populations grow, parking management
and optimization have become significant challenges
for city planners and traffic authorities.
 OBJECTIVES:

1.  To measure the impact of On-street parking that

affects the speed of traffic stream.
2.  To develop suitable mathematical models to
predict the variations in profile of traffic flow
due to the provision of On-street parking facility
ON-STREET PARKING
PARALLEL PARKING
 ON-STREET PARKING
ANGLE PARKING: 30 DEG
 ON-STREET PARKING
ANGLE PARKING: 45 DEG
 ON-STREET PARKING
ANGLE PARKING: 60 DEG
 ON-STREET PARKING
ANGLE PARKING: 90 DEG
 EFFECTS OF NOT PARKING PROPERLY:

1. CONGESTION
2. ACCIDENTS
3. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
4. OBSTRUCTION TO FIRE FIGHTING OPERATIONS
 conclusion
The Two wheelers were found to
occupy more spaces in all the locations of the study area.

Commercial centers need more parking

space than that for offices with the same working space and with no
sufficient parking area provided; the vehicles are parked on kerb
side, creating traffic congestion.

For short term measures pay and park method may be done at
peak hours to control and regulate the parking.
 CONCLUSION:

Parking studies provide critical insights into how parking

resources are used and highlight opportunities for
improvement. With effective planning and strategic
management, cities and organizations can address parking
challenges, reduce congestion, and enhance the overall
parking experience for users.
 RECOMMENDATIONS:
1. INCREASE PARKING CAPACITY
2. OPTIMIZE PARKING LOT LAYOUT
3. INTRODUCE FLEXIBLE PARKING
4. IMPROVE ALTERNATIVE TRANSPORTATION
OPTIONS
5. PARKING PERMITS AND RESTRICTIONS
6. ENHANCE PARKING TECHNOLOGY
7. EDUCATION AND AWARENESS CAMPAIGNS