INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES - UNIT 3 & 4 (THEORY + NUMERICAL REVISION)
✨ UNIT 3: Performance, Testing, Emission, Cooling & Lubrication
📖 THEORY QUESTIONS (10 Most Expected)
1. Explain the Morse Test with working, assumptions, and example.
2. Define and derive expressions for Brake Power, Indicated Power, and Thermal
Efficiencies.
3. Explain the preparation of Heat Balance Sheet with an example format.
4. Discuss Air Cooling vs Water Cooling systems with neat diagrams.
5. What is Volumetric Efficiency? Explain factors affecting it.
6. Describe the working of Wet Sump and Dry Sump Lubrication systems.
7. Write short notes on: Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (bsfc) and Mechanical
Efficiency.
8. What are the types of engine emissions? Explain control methods like EGR and
Catalytic Converter.
9. Discuss the effect of cooling on engine performance.
10. Explain any two methods to measure fuel or air consumption in an engine.
📊 NUMERICAL QUESTIONS (10 Must Practice)
1. Morse Test - Calculate IP & Mechanical Efficiency using brake power drop method.
2. Brake Thermal Efficiency: ηbth = (bp x 3600)/(mf x CV)
3. Indicated Power using Mean Effective Pressure formula.
4. bsfc = mf / bp (Brake Specific Fuel Consumption)
5. Volumetric Efficiency = (Actual Volume of Air) / (Swept Volume)
6. Prepare a full Heat Balance Sheet (Heat input, output & losses).
7. Mean Effective Pressure: ip = (pm x L x A x n x N)/60
8. Fuel Consumption Measurement: Volumetric and Gravimetric method.
9. Air Consumption using Air box method with orifice equation.
10. Mechanical Efficiency = bp / ip x 100
✨ UNIT 4: Alternate Fuels & Modern Engine Technologies
📖 THEORY QUESTIONS (10 Most Expected)
1. Explain the properties, advantages, and limitations of Biodiesel.
2. Write short notes on Ethanol and Methanol as alternative fuels.
3. Discuss the working and advantages of Hydrogen as an IC engine fuel.
4. Compare LPG and CNG as alternative fuels for IC engines.
5. Differentiate between Dual-Fuel and Multi-Fuel Engines with examples.
6. What is the principle of a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine?
7. Explain the working of CRDI (Common Rail Direct Injection) system.
8. Write short notes on: Vegetable Oils, Biogas, and Natural Gas as fuels.
9. What are Thermochemical and Biochemical methods of fuel production?
10. Compare emissions of conventional fuels vs alternate fuels.
📊 NUMERICAL-STYLE QUESTIONS (Concept-Based)
1. Calculate Stoichiometric A/F ratio for ethanol and methanol.
2. Compare calorific value of biofuels with petrol/diesel.
3. Analyze engine efficiency change with biofuel blending (B20, B100).
4. Compare LPG, CNG, Petrol fuel economy.
5. Estimate hydrogen energy content vs petrol (MJ/kg).
6. Calculate engine performance for dual-fuel engine using hydrogen.
7. Evaluate emissions from biodiesel vs normal diesel.
8. Identify sensor-controlled injection timing in CRDI.
9. Study load vs A/F mixture for HCCI engine.
10. Fuel economy improvement using ethanol-petrol blends.
✅ Exam Strategy
Highlight formulas and final answers in numericals.
Use labeled diagrams wherever possible (Cooling, CRDI, HCCI).
Underline keywords in theory (e.g. EGR, Knock, Biofuel).
Stick to definitions + examples + short paragraphs.
All the best, Abhishek! Go rock that exam! 🚀🙌
