Probability 1

CHAPTER
Probability 15
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EXA
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DRI SOLUTIONS

1. (b) : Let E be the event that ‘it will rain today’. 10. Possible outcomes are {HH, HT, TH, TT}, i.e., 4 in
Given, P(E) = 0.07 number.
\ P (not E) = 1 − P(E)  [ P(E) + P(E ) = 1] 1 2
P(two heads) = , P(one head) =
= 1 – 0.07 = 0.93 4 4
2. (c) : Numbers on a die are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. \ Ratio of the probability of two heads to one head
\ Total number of possible outcomes = 6 1 2
= : = 1:2 \ k=2
Smallest odd prime number = 3 4 4
\ Number of favourable outcome = 1
11. In a deck of 52 cards, there are 12 face cards i.e.,
\ P(getting smallest odd prime) = 1/6
6 red and 6 black cards.
3. (c) : Total number of fruits in the basket = 10
So, probability of getting a red face card = 6/52 = 3/26
\ Total number of possible outcomes = 10
Number of fruits not rotten = 10 – 3 = 7 12. Total number of cards from 2 to 51 in a box are 51 – 1
\ Number of favourable outcomes = 7 = 50.
\ Required probability = 7/10 \ Total number of possible outcomes = 50
4. (a) : Let E be the event of hitting the boundary. Out of 50 possible outcomes, 25 outcomes i.e., 2, 4, 6, 8,
8 1 10, ...., 50 are even numbers.
\ P(E) = = \ Number of favourable outcomes = 25
40 5
1 5−1 4 \ P(number on the drawn card is an even number)
⇒ P(not E) = 1 – P(E) = 1 − = =
5 5 5 25 1
5. (b) : The total number of letters in the given word = =
50 2
is 10.
13. Let E be the event sure to occur.
\ Total number of possible outcomes = 10
\ P(E) = 1
The number of consonants in the given word = 7
\ Number of favourable outcomes = 7 \ P(non-occurrence of E) = P(E ) = 1 – P(E) = 1 – 1 = 0
\ Required probability = 7/10 14. Given, P(A winning a game) = 0.7
6. (b) : Number of letters in the word FOUNDATION \ P(A losing the game) = 1 – P(A winning a game)
is 10. = 1 – 0.7 = 0.3
\ Total number of possible outcomes = 10. 15. Total number of possible outcomes = 9
Repeated letters are O and N. Numbers favourable to |x| < 2 are –1, 0 and 1 i.e., 3 in
\ Number of favourable outcomes = 2 number.
2 1
\ Required probability = = 3 1
10 5 \ Required probability = =
9 3
7. (a) : Possible outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
16. Total number of possible outcomes = 36
\ Total number of possible outcomes = 6
Favourable outcomes are (1, 5), (2, 4), (3, 3), (4, 2), (5, 1)
The factors of 36 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 36.
and (6, 6).
Here, we see that 5 is not a factor of 36.
\ Number of favourable outcome = 1 \ Number of favourable outcomes = 6
\ Required probability = 1/6 \ P(sum of two numbers will be multiple of 6)
6 1
8. In a deck of 52 cards, there are 13 cards of heart and = =
1 of them is ace of heart. 36 6
Hence, the number of outcomes favourable to E is 51. 17. Given numbers are 1, 2, 3, ..., 30.
9. Numbers on a die are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. \ Total number of possible outcomes = 30
\ Total number of outcomes = 6 Prime numbers greater than 5 from 1 to 30 are 7, 11, 13,
Odd number less than 3 is 1 only. 17, 19, 23, 29.
\ Number of favourable outcome = 1 \ Number of favourable outcomes = 7
\ Required probability = 1/6. \ P(selecting a prime number greater than 5) = 7/30
2 100 PERCENT Mathematics Class-10
18. Total number of envelopes in the box = 1000 \ Number of favourable outcomes = 5
\ Total number of possible outcomes = 1000 \ P(A) = 5/9
Number of envelopes containing cash prize 24. Area of the square ABCD = (BC)2 = 102 = 100 cm2
= 10 + 100 + 200 = 310 Side of square PQRS = 5 cm
So, number of envelopes containing no cash prize Now, area of the square PQRS = (5)2 = 25 cm2
= 1000 – 310 = 690 \ P(the point will be chosen from the shaded part)
\ Number of favourable outcomes = 690 Area of the square PQRS 25
= = = 0.25
690 Area of the square ABCD 100
\ Required probability = = 0.69
1000 25. If two unbiased coins are tossed simultaneously,
19. Let E be the event of guessing correct answer. then the possible outcomes are {HH, HT, TH, TT}
x 2 \ Total number of possible outcomes = 4
\ P(E) = , P(E ) = [Given]
12 3 No head is obtained if the event {TT} occurs.
We know, P(E) + P(E ) = 1 \ Number of favourable outcome = 1
\ P(getting no head) =1/4
x 2 x 2 1
⇒ + =1 ⇒ = 1− = ⇒ x=4 But, given P(getting no head) = A/B
12 3 12 3 3 So, A = 1 and B = 4
20. Total number of cards = 100 – 2 = 98 \ (A + B)2 = (1 + 4)2 = (5)2 = 25
Let E be the event that the selected card bears a perfect 26. Given numbers are 2, 3, 3, 5, 5, 5, 7, 9, 20
square number. Since the total numbers are 9, i.e., an odd number of
\ E = {4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100} observations.
\ Number of favourable outcomes = 9  9 + 1
th
Therefore, median is the value of   observation,
\ P(E) = 9  2 
98 i.e., 5th observation = 5
Total number of possible outcomes = 9
21. For perfect square number, sum of numbers on both
Let A denotes the event “the selected number is median’’.
the dice should be 1 or 4 or 9. Number of outcomes favourable to the event A are 3.
Total number of outcomes = 36 (Q 5 repeats 3 times)
Favourable outcomes are {(1, 3), (2, 2), (3, 1), (3, 6), (4, 5), 3 1
(5, 4), (6, 3)} Hence, P( A) = =
9 3
Number of favourable outcomes = 7 27. Total possible outcomes in spinning of an arrow
\ Required probability = 7/36 twice = 6 × 6 = 36
22. When a cube is thrown once, all possible outcomes a
So, favourable outcomes (a, b) for which > 1 are {(2, 1),
are 2, 3, 5, 7, A, B. b
\ Total number of possible outcomes = 6 (3, 1), (3, 2), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4),
(i) Let E1 be the event of getting an alphabet. (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5)}
\ Favourable outcomes are A, B. \ Number of favourable outcomes = 15
\ Number of favourable outcomes = 2 \ Required probability = 15/36 = 5/12
2 1 28. Total number of cards bearing numbers from 6 to
\ P(E1) = = 70 = 70 – 5 = 65
6 3
(ii) Let E2 be the event of getting a prime number. (i) Let E1 denotes the event that card bears a one
\ Favourable outcomes are 2, 3, 5, 7. digit number. Then, numbers favourable to event E1 are
6, 7, 8, 9.
\ Number of favourable outcomes = 4
\ Number of favourable outcomes = 4
4 2
\ P(E2) = = \ P(E1) = 4/65
6 3 (ii) Let E2 denotes the event that card bears a number
(iii) Let E3 be the event of getting a consonant. divisible by 5. Then, numbers favourable to event E2 are
\ Favourable outcome is B. 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70.
\ Number of favourable outcome = 1 \ Number of favourable outcomes = 13
\ P(E3) = 1/6 13 1
\ P(E2 ) = =
23. The number x is selected from the numbers 1, 2, 3 65 5
and the number y is selected from the numbers 1, 4, 9. (iii) Let E3 denotes the event that card bears an odd
Possible outcomes of the experiment are number less than 30. Then, numbers favourable to event
(1, 1), (1, 4), (1, 9), (2, 1), (2, 4), (2, 9), (3, 1), (3, 4), (3, 9). E3 are 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29.
So, the total number of possible outcomes = 3 × 3 = 9 \ Number of favourable outcomes = 12
Let A be the event of getting xy < 9, then the outcomes 12
\ P(E3 ) =
favourable to A are (1, 1), (1, 4), (2, 1), (2, 4), (3, 1). 65
Probability 3
(iv) Let E4 denotes the event that card bears a composite 31. Let R, W and G be the event of getting red, white
number between 50 and 70. Then, numbers favourable to and green balls respectively.
event E4 are 51, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, Given, total number of balls = 30 and
68, 69. number of red balls = 15
\ Number of favourable outcomes = 15 15 1
\ P(R) = =
15 3 30 2
\ P(E4 ) = =
65 13 Given, P(W) = 2 × P(G) ... (i)
29. Hari throws two dice once. We know, sum of probabilities of elementary events is 1.
When a pair of different dice is thrown, then the total \ P(R) + P(W) + P(G) = 1
number of possible outcomes = 6 × 6 = 36 1
⇒ + 2P(G) + P(G) = 1 [From (i)]
Let A denotes the event that the product of two numbers 2
is 36. 1 1 1
⇒ 3P(G) = 1 – = ⇒ P(G) =
\ Favourable outcome is (6, 6) i.e., 1 in number. 2 2 6
\ P(A) = 1/36 1 1
From (i), P(W) = 2 × =
Suresh throws one die. 6 3
So, the number of possible outcomes = 6 Number of white balls 1
⇒ =
Let B denotes the event that the square of the number 30 3
is 36. 1
⇒ Number of white balls = × 30 = 10
\ Favourable outcome is 6 i.e., 1 in number. 3
1
1 6 Now, P(G) =
\ P( B) = = 6
6 36 Number of green balls 1
Since, P(B) > P(A) ⇒ =
30 6
\ Suresh has better chance of getting the number 36.
1
30. (i) Total number of balls = 18 ⇒ Number of green balls = × 30 = 5
6
Given, number of red balls = x Hence, number of white and green balls are respectively
x 10 and 5.
\ P(drawing a red ball) =
18 32. Total number of outcomes = 6 × 6 = 36
\ P(not drawing a red ball) = 1 – P(drawing a red ball) (i) Favourable outcomes when sum is even are
x 18 − x {(1, 1), (1, 3), (1, 5), (2, 2), (2, 4), (2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 3), (3, 5),
= 1− = (4, 2), (4, 4), (4, 6), (5, 1), (5, 3), (5, 5), (6, 2), (6, 4), (6, 6)}
18 18
i.e., 18 in number.
(ii) When 2 more red balls are added, then 18 1
total number of balls = 18 + 2 = 20 and \ P (getting even sum) = =
36 2
number of red balls = x + 2
(ii) Favourable outcomes when product is even are
x +2
\ P(drawing a red ball) = {(1, 2), (1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),
20 (3, 2), (3, 4), (3, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6),
x +2 9 x  x +2 x (5, 2), (5, 4), (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
According to question, =   ⇒ =
20 
8 18  20 16 i.e., 27 in number
⇒ 16(x + 2) = 20x 27 3
\ P (getting even product) = =
⇒ 4x + 8 = 5x ⇒ x = 8 36 4
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