1.Determine the pressure difference between the ends of 4.

Calculate the magnitude of the hydrostatic force due to

the manometer tube shown. The density of sea water is water, on the inclined surface. Locate the hydrostatic
1035𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 and the specific gravity of mercury is 13.6. force measured along the incline from B. Consider a 5m
unit width in to the paper.
Solution:
Solution:

2. Both arms of the U – Tube Manometer shown is

exposed to the atmosphere. If the oil surface on the right
arm is 10cm higher than the water surface on the left arm,
solve the height of the oil column. The specific gravity of
oil is 0.8. 5. Along solid cylinder of radius 4𝑓𝑡, hinged at point A,
is used as an automatic gate. When the water level reaches
Solution:
15𝑓𝑡, the cylinder gate opens by turning about the hinge
at A. Solve the specific weight of the cylinder. The
specific weight of water is 62.43𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡3.

Solution:

3.A rectangular plate that is 5𝑚 wide in to the paper

blocks the 4𝑚 deep water as shown. Calculate the support
reactions at A and B.

Solution:
6. The depth of water on the reservoir is 14𝑚 as shown. 8. Water flows at a rate of 15𝑘𝑔/𝑠 into (1) 20𝑐𝑚 diameter
The coefficient of friction between the base of the dam pipe. The diameter of the pipe smoothly reduces to (2)
and the foundation is 0.65. The unit weight of concrete 10𝑐𝑚. Determine the volumetric flowrate and velocity of
used is 23.5𝑘𝑁/𝑚3. Assess the adequacy of the dam using flow at point 1 and point 2.
a factor of safety of 1.3 to both sliding and overturning.
Solution:
Also, solve the maximum and minimum stresses at the
base.

Solution:

9. Water flows steadily through a box at three sections.

The inflow at section 1 is 1.5𝑓𝑡3/𝑠. Section 2 has a
diameter of 2𝑖𝑛 and the outflow is 35𝑓𝑡/𝑠. Compute the
average velocity and volumetric flowrate at section 3 if its
diameter is 1𝑖𝑛.

Solution:

7.A trapezoidal concrete gravity dam 𝛾𝑑𝑎𝑚=23.5𝑘𝑁/𝑚3

holds 10𝑚 deep water upstream. The coefficient of
friction between the dam and the foundation is 0.65. If the
factor of safety for over turning and sliding are both 2.0.
Design the required width of the base. Round up to the
nearest tenths. Assume that the design is effective in
preventing up lift.

Solution:

10. Fire fighters are holding a nozzle at the end of a

hose. If the nozzle exits diameter isis6𝑐𝑚 determine the
exit velocity and the force exerted by the firefighters.

Solution:

11. A water jet flowing at 25𝑘𝑔/𝑠 hit a 10 kg cart that

was at rest. Determine the force exerted by the jet of
water on the cart and the corresponding acceleration.

Solution:
12.A horizontal 90-degree elbow is used to redirect the 15. A closed tank contains 20𝑚 deep water. A hose is
flow as shown. The diameter of the entire elbow is 10𝑐𝑚. connected as shown such that the nozzle 𝐷 = 1𝑐𝑚 is
Water exits into the atmosphere at B Neglecting the directed straight up. If the air gage pressure inside the tank
weight of the elbow and water, calculate the internal is 200𝑘𝑃𝑎, solve the theoretical exit velocity at the nozzle
forces and bending moment at A. and the theoretical height ℎ Neglect losses.
Solution: Solution:

13. An open cylindrical water container is filled with 2𝑚

high water There is a 4𝑚𝑚 diameter hole90 𝑐𝑚 from the
16. The turbine system utilizes the flow of water from
water surface. Calculate the volumetric flowrate through
Reservoir 1 to Reservoir 2 to produce power for a city.
the hole. If the actual velocity of flow through the orifice
The difference in elevation between the two reservoirs is
is 3.5𝑚/𝑠 solve the Coefficient of Discharge.
45𝑚. For a design flowrate of 1.5𝑚3/𝑠 the head loss
Solution: isis10𝑚. Calculate the actual power extracted by the
turbine if the system has an efficiency of 40%. Neglect the
difference in atmospheric pressure between 1 and 2.

Solution:

14. Water is flowing through a venturi meter shown If the 17. A pump is to be installed in a pond to create a water
difference in pressure head between point 1 𝐷1 = 4𝑐𝑚 and fountain. The designers wanted the height of the water to
point 2 𝐷2 = 2𝑐𝑚 is ℎ = 50𝑐𝑚 determine the volumetric reach 10 m above the water surface. If the efficiency of
flowrate through the pipe and the velocities at points 1 and the pump is 60%, what is the required pump head.
2. Solution:
Solution:
18. Identify the regime of flow. 22. Oil (SG=0.9) flows out from a pipe at 35ft3/hr. Solve
the Reynolds number and the kinematic viscosity of Oil.
Given: Oil (SG = 0.8, 𝜇 = 0.8kg/m. s) is flowing
through a pipe with radius of 3cm at 10m/s. Solution:

Solution:

19. Identify the regime of flow.

Given: Water (𝜇 = 0.89kg/m. s) is flowing through a

pipe with radius of 3cm at 0.1m/s.

Solution:

23.Water (𝜌 = 62.36𝑙𝑏𝑚/𝑓𝑡3, 𝜇 = 7.536×10−4𝑙𝑏𝑚/𝑓𝑡∙𝑠) is

flowing steadily in a 2 - in diameter pipe made of stainless
steel (𝜀 = 0.000007𝑓𝑡) at a rate of 0.2 ft 3 /s. Determine
20. The head loss through a 1200mm by 600mm pipe that the pressure drop and head loss through a 200ft long
is conveying water is 0.04m per meter of length. If the pipe.
Darcy Weisbach Friction Factor is 0.032, solve the
volumetric flowrate. Solution:

Solution:

21. Calculate the head loss in a 300mm diameter pipe

500m long when water flows at 150 liters per second if:

a. Darcy Weisbach Friction Factor is 0.02.

24. Heated Air (𝜈 = 1.655×10−5𝑚2/𝑠) is to be transported
b. Manning’s Roughness Coefficient is 0.012. in a 150m long circular plastic duct (𝜀 = 0) at a rate of
0.35m 3 /s. If the head loss in the pipe is not to exceed
c. Hazen Williams Coefficient is 100.
20m, solve the diameter of the pipe.
Solution:
Solution:
25. Two reservoirs 8𝑘𝑚 apart are connected by two pipes 28.The flowrate of water through the pipe network
in series The difference in elevations of the two reservoirs shown is 50𝐿/𝑠 with a total head loss of 9 0 m. Assume
is 46 𝑚. The first pipe isis0.30𝑚in diameter and 4050 𝑚 𝐶 = 120 for all pipes. Determine the volumetric flowrate
in length with 𝑓1 = 0.02 The other pipe is 0.35𝑚 in and head loss at Pipe B, and the diameter of Pipe C.
diameter and 4021 𝑚 in length with 𝑓2 = 0.02 Calculate
the volumetric flowrate Neglect minor losses. Solution:

Solution:

26. A pipe 977 𝑚 long branches into three pipes at

junction A. The three pipes span 1046 𝑚 885 𝑚 and 796
29. Reservoir A is the source of water for Town C and
𝑚. They come together at junction B and continue as a
Town D. The distribution reservoir at Junction B is at
single pipe for 1224 𝑚. All pipes areare300 𝑚𝑚 in
elevation 91.46 m. Town C has a population of 25000 and
diameter except for the shortest one which is only 250
Town D has a population of 30000. The water demand
𝑚𝑚. The pressure drop between the junctions is 260
is150𝐿 per capita per day Assume a 𝑓 = 0.02. Determine
𝑘𝑃𝑎. If the Darcy - Weisbach Friction Factor for all pipes
the required pipe diameter for Pipe AB, Pipe BC, and Pipe
is 0.02, solve the volumetric flowrate in each pipe.
BD.
Solution:
Solution:

27. Reservoir B in the figure receives 0.06𝑚3/𝑠 of flow.

Determine the volumetric flowrate in pipes AD and DC, 30.The flowrate of methanol 𝜌 = 788.4𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 𝜇 =
and the elevation of reservoir B. 0.0005857𝑘𝑔/𝑚∙𝑠 through a 4𝑐𝑚 diameter pipe is to be
measured with a 3𝑐𝑚 diameter orifice meter equipped
Solution:
with a mercury manometer as shown. Determine the
volumetric flowrate of methanol through the pipe, the
Reynold’s number, and the coefficient of discharge.

Solution:
31. Consider a rectangular open channel with a width of 33. The trapezoidal channel is made of brickwork
3m. If the is a constant volumetric flowrate of 10cumecs, (𝑛=0.015) and slopes at 1:500. Determine the flowrate if
solve the critical depth. the normal depth is 80 cm.
Solution:
Solution:

32.Consider a rectangular open channel with a width of

34.A trapezoidal canal has bottom width of 5𝑚 and side
3m. If there is a constant volumetric flowrate of
slopes of 1𝐻 to 2𝑉. The flow is 30𝑚3/𝑠 when the normal
10cumecs, solve the velocity, specific energy, and Froude
Number for the following flow depths. depth is 1.2𝑚. If the Manning’s Roughness Coefficient is
0.013, calculate the specific energy and the slope of the
a)0.2m channel.
b)0.6m Solution:
c)1m

d)5m

e)10m

35.Water discharging in to a 10𝑚 wide rectangular

horizontal channel from a sluice gate is observed to have
undergone a hydraulic jump. The flow depth and velocity
before the jump are 0.8𝑚 and 8𝑚/𝑠, respectively.
Determine the flow depth after the jump, Froude
Number after the jump, head loss, dissipation ratio, and
the wasted power production due to the hydraulic Jump.

Solution:
36.An open channel is anticipated to convey 10𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑐𝑠 37.Water flows through a rectangular open channel as
of water. The slope of the channel bed is 0.002. The shown. The slope of the channel bed is 0.005 and the
available construction material is concrete with a Manning’s Roughness Coefficient is 0.014. Determine the
Manning’s Roughness Coefficient of 0.014. Design the volumetric flowrate, critical depth, and critical slope.
open channel using:
Solution:
a) Best Hydraulic Rectangular Section

b) Best Hydraulic Triangular Section

c)Best Hydraulic Trapezoidal Section

d)Best Hydraulic Circular Section

38.A trapezoidal concrete lined channel (𝑛=0.017) has a

constant mild bed slope of 0.0015, bottom width of 3𝑚,
and side slopes 1𝐻:1𝑉. A sluice gate was installed along
the trapezoidal canal that immediately raised the flow
depth to 4𝑚 at the sluice gate. The volumetric flowrate
is19𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑐𝑠. Plot the gradually-varied flow from the
normal depth to the flow depth at the sluice gate using
Graphical Method. Use Δ𝑦=0.01𝑚.

Solution:

39. Two – thirds of the volume of a floating equilateral

triangular prism is immersed in water as shown. The side
of the equilateral triangle is 40cm and the prism is 2m
long into the paper. Solve the resultant hydrostatics force
on Abang its perpendicular distance from A.

Solution:
40. Water flows into a 3m vertical pipe and into a 2m 43. Shown is water flowing through a Venturi Meter. If
horizontal pipe before discharging into the atmosphere at the specific gravity of the gage fluid at the manometer is
4m/s. The radius of the pipes is 12cm. Considering the 1.5, solve the volumetric flowrate through the Venturi
weight of the water inside but neglecting the weight of the Meter.
pipe, calculate the support reactions at A.
Solution:
Solution:

41. Water exits out of four nozzles below the platform as

44. A certain liquid flows in a 10mm diameter smooth
shown at 15m/s. If the man, the platform, and the rest of
pipe that is 20m long. The total head loss in the pipe is
the system has a mass of 140 kg, calculate the acceleration
30m and the Reynold's Number is 1800. Calculate the
and the time it takes for the system to reach a height of
Darcy-Weisbach friction factor, volumetric flowrate, and
25m. Note that the acceleration will be a result of the
kinematic viscosity.
unbalanced force along the vertical.
Solution:
Solution:

42. A siphon tube was installed to transfer water from a 0.001𝑘𝑔

45. Water (µ = )is flowing through a 3-mm
bottle to the glass. If the siphon tube is 0.25in in diameter. 𝑚∙𝑠

Solve the volumetric flowrate through the siphon tube. diameter, 9-m long horizontal pipe steadily at 0.6m/s.
Determine the regime of flow and solve the pressure drop
Solution: and head loss through the pipe.

Solution:
46. Kerosene (ρ = 804 kg/m3; μ = 1.92x10-3 kg/m-s) is 49. A turbine is installed between reservoirs A and B
pumped at 0.15 m3/s through 20 km of 16-cm-diameter whose difference in elevation is 140m. The pipe
cast-iron (ε = 0.26 mm) horizontal pipe. Calculate the connecting the reservoir has a diameter of 250mm and is
head loss and the pressure drop through the pipe. 180m long. The volumetric flowrate is 180L/s. Is the
Hazen-Williams Coefficient is 100, determine the head
Solution:
loss in the pipe, head extracted by the turbine, and power
generated by the turbine if it has an efficiency of 90%.

Solution:

47. Water (μ = 1.138x10-3 kg/m-s) is flowing steadily in

a 30m long and 4cm diameter horizontal pipe made of
stainless steel at a rate of 10L/s. Determine the pressure
drop, head loss, and required pumping power to overcome 50. Consider the piping network shown. The pressure
this pressure drop. heads at points A and B are 80m and 52m, respectively. If
the Hazen-Williams Coefficient for all pipes is 110,
Solution:
calculate the flowrate in each pipe.

Solution:

48. A fluid (ρ = 0.07088lbm/ft3, μ = 0.04615 lbm/ft-hr)

is to be transported through a 400 ft long circular plastic
pipe at a rate of 12ft3/s. If the head loss must not exceed
50ft, determine the minimum required diameter of the 51. For the piping system shown, the flow rate is 18 ft3/s
pipe. of water (ρ = 1.94 slugs/ft3). Compute the pressure drop
between the junctions and the volumetric flow rate in each
Solution: pipe between the junctions if f = 0.015 for all pipes.

Solution:
52. A triangular finished cement canal has side slopes of 54. An open channel is anticipated to convey 12cumecs of
2H:1V. The canal carries a volumetric flowrate of water. The slope of the channel bed is 0.0015. The
7cumecs. If the slope of the open channel bottom is 0.001, available construction material is concrete with a
solve the depth of flow, velocity of flow, and specific Manning’s Roughness Coefficient of 0.014. Design the
energy. open channel using the best hydraulic rectangular section,
best hydraulic triangular section, best hydraulic
Solution:
trapezoidal section, and best hydraulic circular section.

Solution:

55. Calculate the discharge through the 140mm diameter

orifice as shown below. Assume C = 0.62.

Solution:

53. A trapezoidal irrigation canal has a bottom width of

2m and a flow depth of 0.9m. The sides have a ratio of 3
horizontal to 2 verticals. The channel bed has a slope of
0.001. If the Manning's Roughness Coefficient is 0.025,
calculate the volumetric flowrate through the open
channel. If the canal will serve a clay-loam rice land that
demands 3L/s for every hectare, what is the total land area
that can be supplied by the canal.

Solution: 56. A calibration test of a 12.5mm diameter circular sharp-

edged orifice in a vertical side of a large tank showed a
discharge of 590N of water in 81 seconds at a constant
head of 4.70m. Measurement of the jet showed that it
traveled 2.35m horizontally while dropping 300mm.
Compute the three orifice coefficients.

Solution:
57. A horizontal 150mm diameter pipe gradually reduces 59. A sluice gate flows into a horizontal channel as shown
its section to 50mm diameter, subsequently enlarging into in the figure below. Determine the flow through the gate
150mm section. The pressure in the 150mm pipe at a point per meter width when y = 1m and d1 = 6m. Assume that
just before entering the reducing section is 140kPa and in the pressure distribution at sections 1 and 2 to be
the 50mm section at the end of the reducer, the pressure is atmospheric and neglect friction losses in the channel.
70kPa. If 600mm of head is lost between the points where Use coefficient of contraction Cc = 0.85 and coefficient
the pressures are known, compute the rate of flow of water of velocity Cv = 0.95.
through the pipe.
Solution:
Solution:

60. A pitot tube in the pipes in which air is flowing is

58. A 150mm diameter horizontal Venturi meter is connected to a manometer containing water as shown in
installed in a 450mm diameter water main. The deflection the figure. If the difference in water levels in the
of mercury in the differential manometer connected from manometer is 87.5mm, what is the velocity of flow in the
the inlet to the throat is 375mm. Determine the following: pipe, assuming a tube coefficient Cp = 0.99.

a) the discharge neglecting head lost

Solution:
b) the discharge if the head lost from the inlet to the
throat is 300mm of water
c) the meter coefficient

Solution:

61. For a system shown in the figure below, find

the required power to pump 100L/s of liquid
given that S = 0.85, v = 0.0001m/s. The pump is
operating at an efficiency =0.75. Use the unit
weight of water at 9800N/m3. Pertinent data
are given below:

Line 1:
L = 10m, D = 0.20m

Line 2:
L = 500m, D = 0.25m
Solution: 64. A pipe network consists of pipeline 1 from A to B, then
at B it is connected to pipelines 2 and 3, where it merges
again at Joint C to form a single pipeline 4 up to point D.
Pipelines 1, 2, and 4 are in series connection whereas
pipelines 2 and 3 are parallel to each other. If the rate of
flow from A to B is 10 liters/sec and assuming f = 0.02 for
all pipes, determine the flow in each pipe and the total
head lost from A to D.

Solution:

62. Two pipes 1 and 2 are in series. If the roughness

coefficients 𝑛2 = 2𝑛1 and the diameter D1 = 500mm,
find the diameter D2 if the slope of their energy grade
lines are to be the same.

Solution:

65. A pipe system, connecting two reservoirs whose

difference in water surface elevation is 13m, consists of
320m of 600mm diameter pipe (pipe 1), branching into
640m of 300mm diameter pipe (pipe 2) and 640m of
450mm diameter pipe (pipe 3) in parallel, which join
again to a single 600mm diameter line 1300m long (pipe
4). Assuming f = 0.032 for all pipes, determine the flow
rate in each pipe.

Solution:

63. Find the distribution of flow and the drop in

hydraulic grade line for the three-parallel pipe
arrangement shown in the figure. Take𝑣 = 102 𝑚2 /
𝑠, and the total water discharge as 𝑄 = 0.020𝑚3 /𝑠 .
Use the following data given below:

Solution:
66. How many liters per second of water must the pump 69. Determine the uniform flow through a trapezoidal
shown supply when the flow needed in the 915mm concrete lined canal having side slope of 3H to 4V and
diameter pipe is 1.314m3/s? Assume f = 0.017 for all bottom width of 2 m if the depth of flow is 2m. The
pipes. channel is laid on a slope of 3m per 2 kilometers. Use n =
0.013
Solution:
Solution:

67. A rectangular, sharp-crested weir with end

contractions is 1.4m long. How high should it be placed
in a channel to maintain an upstream depth of 2.35m for a
flow of 400 liters per second.

Solution:
70.Water flows uniformly in a rectangular, concrete, open
channel that is 10m wide at a depth of 3m. The channel
slope is 0.0025. Using n = 0.013, find the velocity, flow
rate, and the boundary shear stress.

Solution:

68. During a test on a 2.4m suppressed weir 900mm high,

the head was maintained constant to 300mm. In 38
seconds, 28,800 liters of water were collected. What is the
weir factor Cw?

Solution:
71. A sample of wet silty clay soil has a mass of 126 kg. 72. Earth is required to be excavated from borrow pits for
The following data were obtained from laboratory tests building an embankment. The wet unit weight of
on the sample: Wet density, ρ = 2.1 g/cm3, Gs = 2.7, undisturbed soil is 18 kN/m3 and its water content is 8%.
water content, w = 15%. In order to build a 4 m high embankment with top width
2 m and side slopes 1:1, estimate the quantity of earth
Determine:
required to be excavated per meter length of embankment.
a. dry density The dry unit weight required in the embankment is 15
kN/m3 with a moisture content of 10%. Assume the
b. porosity specific gravity of solids as 2.67. Also determine the void
c. void ratio ratios and the degree of saturation of the soil in both the
undisturbed and remolded states.
d. degree of saturation
Solution:
Solution:

73. A soil sample in its natural state has a weight of 5.05

Ib and a volume of 0.041 ft3. In an oven-dried state, the
dry weight of the sample is 4.49 Ib. The specific gravity
of the solids is 2.68. Determine the total unit weight, water
content, void ratio, porosity, and degree of saturation.

Solution:

74. A soil sample has a total unit weight of 16.97

kN/m3 and a void ratio of 0.84. The specific gravity of
solids is 2.70. Determine the moisture content, dry unit
weight, and degree of saturation of the sample.

Solution:
75. In its natural state, moist soil has a volume of 9.34x10- 76. A saturated soil used to determine the shrinkage limit
3 m3 and weighs 177.6x10-3 kN. The oven-dried weight has an initial volume Vi = 20.2 cm3, final volume Vf =
of the soil is 153.6x10-3 kN. If Gs= 2.67 14.3 cm3, mass of wet soil M1 = 34 g, and mass of dry
soil M2 = 24 g. Determine the shrinkage limit and the
Calculate:
shrinkage ratio.
a. Moisture content (%)
Solution:
b. Moist unit weight (kN/m3)

c. Dry unit weight (kN/m3)

d. Void ratio

e. Porosity

f. Degree of saturation (%)

Solution:

77. Results from liquid and plastic limit tests conducted

on soil are given below.
Liquid limit tests:

Plastic limit tests: PL = 19.1%

a. Draw the flow curve and obtain the liquid limit.
b. What is the plasticity index of the soil?

Solution:

78. An oven-dried sample having a mass of 195g was put

inside a pycnometer which was then completely filled
with distilled water. The mass of the pycnometer with soil
and water was found to be 1584g. The mass of the
pycnometer filled with water alone was 1465g. Calculate
the Specific Gravity of soil solids.

Solution:
79. In the above example, while finding the mass of the 82. The hydraulic conductivity of a soil sample was
pycnometer with soil and water, 2cm3 of air got determined in a soil mechanics laboratory by making use
entrapped. Will the computed value of G be higher or of a falling head permeameter. The data used and the test
lower than the correct value and what will be the results obtained were as follows: diameter of sample =
percentage error? 2.36 in, height of sample = 5.91 in, diameter of stand pipe
= 0.79 in, initial head h0 = 17.72 in. final head h1 = 11.81
Solution: in. Time elapsed = 1 min 45 sec. Determine the hydraulic
conductivity in ft/day.

Solution:

80. A constant head permeability test was carried out on

a cylindrical sample of sand 4 in. in diameter and 6 in. in 83. A pumping test was made in previous gravels and
height. 10 in3 of water was collected in 1.75 min, under sands extending to a depth of 50 ft, where a bed of clay
was encountered. The normal ground water level was at
a head of 12 in. Compute the hydraulic conductivity in
the ground surface. Observation wells were located at
ft/year and the velocity of flow in ft/sec. distances of 10 and 25 ft from the pumping well. At a
discharge of 761 ft3 per minute from the pumping well, a
Solution: steady state was attained in about 24 hr. The draw-down
at a distance of 10 ft was 5.5 ft and at 25 ft was 1.21 ft.
Compute the hydraulic conductivity in ft/sec.

Solution:

81. A sand sample of 35 cm2 cross sectional area and 20

cm long was tested in a constant head permeameter. Under
a head of 60 cm, the discharge was 120 ml in 6 min. The 84. In a falling head permeameter, the sample used is 20
dry weight of sand used for the test was 1 120 g, and Gs cm long having a cross-sectional area of 24 cm2.
= 2.68. Determine the hydraulic conductivity in cm/sec, Calculate the time required for a drop of head from 25 to
and the discharge velocity. 12 cm if the cross-sectional area of the stand pipe is 2
cm2. The sample of soil is made of three layers. The
Solution: thickness of the first layer from the top is 8 cm and has a
value of k1 = 2 x 104 cm/sec, the second layer of
thickness 8 cm has k2 = 5 x 104 cm/sec and the bottom
layer of thickness 4 cm has k3 = 7 x 104 cm/sec. Assume
that the flow is taking place perpendicular to the layers.

Solution:
85. A concrete dam is constructed across a river over a 87. In order to compute the seepage loss through the
permeable stratum of soil of limited thickness. The water foundation of a cofferdam, flow nets were constructed.
heads are upstream side 16m and 2 m on the downstream The result of the flow net study gave Nf, = 6, Nd = 16.
side. The flow net constructed under the dam gives Nf. = The head of water lost during seepage was 19.68 ft. If the
4 and Nd=l2. Calculate the seepage loss through the hydraulic conductivity of the soil is k = 13.12 x 10~5
subsoil if the average value of the hydraulic conductivity ft/min, compute the seepage loss per foot length of dam
is 6 x 10~3 cm/sec horizontally and 3 x 10"4 cm/ sec per day.
vertically.
Solution:
Solution:

86. The data given below relate to two falling head

permeameter tests performed on two different soil
samples:
(a) stand pipe area = 4 cm2, (b) sample area = 28 cm2, (c) 88. A sample of saturated soil weighs 588N and has a
sample height = 5 cm, (d) initial head in the stand pipe volume of 0.03m3. If the voids ratio of the soil is 0.75,
=100 cm, (e) final head = 20 cm, (f) time required for the determine the specific gravity of the solids.
fall of water level in test 1, t = 500 sec, (g) for test 2, t =
15 sec. Solution:

Determine the values of k for each of the samples. If these

two types of soils form adjacent layers in a natural state
with flow (a) in the horizontal direction, and (b) flow in
the vertical direction, determine the equivalent
permeability for both the cases by assuming that the
thickness of each layer is equal to 150 cm.

Solution:

89. A clay sample has unit weight of 21.1kN/m3 at

moisture content of 9.8%. When completely saturated
with water, its unit weight is 22.58kN/m3
Determine the porosity of the soil.

Solution:
90. A soil sample was compacted. The result of the 93. The following are the results of a shrinkage limit test:
standard proctor test shows that at 100% compaction,
Initial volume of soil in saturated state = 24.6cc
the soil weighs 131.1 pcf with optimum moisture content
Final volume of soil in dry state = 15.9cc
of 14%. What is the saturated unit weight of the soil in
Initial mass in saturated state = 44g
pcf? G=2.67
Final mass in dry state = 30.1g
Determine the shrinkage ratio of the soil.
Solution:
Solution:

94. The following are the results of a shrinkage limit test:

Initial volume of soil in saturated state = 24.6cc

Final volume of soil in dry state = 15.9cc
Initial mass in saturated state = 44g
Final mass in dry state = 30.1g
91. The following are the results of a shrinkage limit test: Determine the specific gravity of the soil.

Initial volume of soil in saturated state = 24.6cc

Solution:
Final volume of soil in dry state = 15.9cc
Initial mass in saturated state = 44g
Final mass in dry state = 30.1g
Determine the dry density of the soil in g/cc.

Solution:

95. The following data were obtained from

the Atterberg Limits test for a soil:
Liquid Limit = 41.0%
Plastic Limit = 21.1%
92.The following are the results of a shrinkage limit test:
What is the plasticity index of the soil?
Initial volume of soil in saturated state = 24.6cc
Final volume of soil in dry state = 15.9cc Solution:
Initial mass in saturated state = 44g
Final mass in dry state = 30.1g
Determine the shrinkage limit of the soil.

Solution:
96. The following data were obtained from 99. A soil sample 10cm in diameter is placed in a tube 1m
the Atterberg Limits test for a soil: long. A constant supply of water is allowed to flow into
Liquid Limit = 41.0% one end of the soil at A and the outflow at B is collected
Plastic Limit = 21.1% by a beaker, as shown in the figure. The average amount
If the in-situ moisture content of the soil is 30%, of water collected is 1cc for every 10 seconds. The tube
what is the liquidity index of the soil? is inclined as shown. Determine the average velocity of
flow through the soil in cm/s.
Solution:
Solution:

97. For a constant head laboratory permeability test

on a fine sand, the following values are given:
Length of specimen, L = 10in
Diameter of specimen = 2.5in
Head difference, h = 22in
Water collected in 2mins = 0.044in3
Void ratio of specimen is 0.34
Determine the conductivity k of the soil in in/min

Solution:

100. A soil sample 10cm in diameter is placed in a tube

1m long. A constant supply of water is allowed to flow
into one end of the soil at A and the outflow at B is
collected by a beaker, as shown in the figure. The average
amount of water collected is 1cc for every 10 seconds.
The tube is inclined as shown. Determine the seepage
velocity (velocity through the void spaces) in cm/s.

98. For a constant head laboratory permeability test

on a fine sand, the following values are given:
Length of specimen, L = 10in
Diameter of specimen = 2.5in
Head difference, h = 22in
Water collected in 2mins = 0.044in3
Void ratio of specimen is 0.34
Determine the discharge velocity through the soil
in in/min.

Solution: