This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: A475 − 22

Standard Specification for

Metallic-Coated Steel Wire Strand1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A475; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents

1.1 This specification covers five grades of metallic-coated, 2.1 ASTM Standards:2
steel wire strand, composed of a number of round, steel wires, A90/A90M Test Method for Weight [Mass] of Coating on
with four weights of metallic coatings, and four types of Iron and Steel Articles with Zinc or Zinc-Alloy Coatings
metallic coatings, suitable for use as guys, messengers, span A902 Terminology Relating to Metallic Coated Steel Prod-
wires, and for similar purposes. ucts
1.2 The five grades covered are as follows: B6 Specification for Zinc
1.2.1 Utilities, B750 Specification for GALFAN (Zinc-5 % Aluminum-
1.2.2 Common, Mischmetal) Alloy in Ingot Form for Hot-Dip Coatings,
1.2.3 Siemens-Martin, B997 Specification for Zinc-Aluminum Alloys in Ingot
1.2.4 High-Strength, and Form for Hot-Dip Coatings
1.2.5 Extra High-Strength. 3. Terminology
1.2.6 Minimum breaking strengths of strand for each grade
are described in Section 7. 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
specification, refer to Terminology A902.
1.3 The four weights of metallic coatings are: Class 1 and
Classes A, B, and C. Minimum weights of metallic coatings are 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
described in Section 10. 3.2.1 Coating Type 1, n—zinc coating per 5.2.
1.4 The four types of metallic coatings are type 1, 2, 5, and 3.2.2 Coating Type 2, n—95Zn/5Al-MM coating per 5.3.
10 as defined in Section 3. 3.2.3 Coating Type 5, n—95Zn/5Al coating per 5.4.
1.5 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be 3.2.4 Coating Type 10, n—90Zn/10Al coating per 5.4.
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are 3.2.5 strand splice, n—a production connection between
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for two separate lengths of strand never intended to carry working
information only and are not considered standard. loads in the intended application.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.2.6 weldless strand, n—strand that does not contain any
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the wires with electric-welded butt joints made after the cold
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- drawing of the wire.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4. Ordering Information
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor- 4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- the following information:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the 4.1.1 Quantity of strand in feet,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 4.1.2 Nominal strand diameter,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical 4.1.3 Number of wires,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 4.1.4 Class of coating (A, B, or C per Section 10 and Table
1),
4.1.5 Coating Type (1, 2, 5, or 10 per Section 5),
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A05 on
Metallic-Coated Iron and Steel Products and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee A05.12 on Wire Specifications. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2022. Published April 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as A475 – 03(2020). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/A0475-22. the ASTM website.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

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 A475 − 22
TABLE 1 Nominal Diameters and Minimum Weights of Coating observer. All wires shall be stranded with uniform tension.
for Metallic-Coated Steel WiresA Stranding shall be sufficiently close to ensure no appreciable
Nominal Diam- Minimum Weight of Coating, oz/ft2 (g ⁄m2) of Uncoated Wire reduction in diameter when stressed to 10 % of the minimum
eter of Coated Surface
Wire in the breaking strength.
Class 1B Class AC Class BD Class CD
Strand, in.
(mm)
6.2 The 3-wire strand shall consist of three wires concen-
0.041 (1.04) 0.15 (46) 0.40 (122) 0.80 (244) 1.20 (366)
trically twisted with a uniform pitch of not less than 14 nor
0.052 (1.32) 0.15 (46) 0.40 (122) 0.80 (244) 1.20 (366) more than 20× the specified nominal diameter of the strand.
0.062 (1.57) 0.15 (46) 0.50 (153) 1.00 (305) 1.50 (458)
0.065 (1.65) 0.15 (46) 0.50 (153) 1.00 (305) 1.50 (458) 6.3 The 7-wire strand shall consist of a center wire with a
0.072 (1.83) 0.15 (46) 0.50 (153) 1.00 (305) 1.50 (458) 6-wire layer concentrically twisted over it with a uniform pitch
of not more than 16× the specified nominal diameter of the
0.080 (2.03) 0.30 (92) 0.60 (183) 1.20 (366) 1.80 (549)
0.093 (2.36) 0.30 (92) 0.70 (214) 1.40 (427) 2.10 (641) strand.
0.100 (2.54) 0.30 (92) 0.70 (214) 1.40 (427) 2.10 (641)
0.104 (2.64) 0.30 (92) 0.80 (244) 1.60 (488) 2.40 (732)
6.4 The 19-wire strand shall consist of a center wire with a
0.109 (2.77) 0.30 (92) 0.80 (244) 1.60 (488) 2.40 (732) 6-wire layer concentrically twisted over it, having a right lay
and a uniform pitch of not more than 16× the nominal diameter
0.113 (2.87) 0.30 (92) 0.80 (244) 1.60 (488) 2.40 (732)
0.120 (3.05) 0.30 (92) 0.85 (259) 1.70 (519) 2.55 (778)
of this 7-wire core. The nominal diameter of this 7-wire core
0.125 (3.18) 0.30 (92) 0.85 (259) 1.70 (519) 2.55 (778) shall be considered to be 3× the nominal diameter of the wires.
0.130 (3.30) 0.30 (92) 0.85 (259) 1.70 (519) 2.55 (778) A 12-wire outer layer, having a left lay shall be concentrically
0.143 (3.63) 0.40 (122) 0.90 (275) 1.80 (549) 2.70 (824)
0.145 (3.68) 0.40 (122) 0.90 (275) 1.80 (549) 2.70 (824) twisted over the 7-wire core and shall have a uniform pitch of
not more than 16× the specified nominal diameter of the strand.
0.150 (3.81) 0.40 (122) 0.90 (275) 1.80 (549) 2.70 (824)
0.161 (4.09) 0.40 (122) 0.90 (275) 1.80 (549) 2.70 (824) 6.5 The 37-wire strand shall consist of a center wire with a
0.165 (4.19) 0.40 (122) 0.90 (275) 1.80 (549) 2.70 (824) 6-wire layer concentrically twisted over it, having a left lay and
0.177 (4.50) 0.40 (122) 0.90 (275) 1.80 (549) 2.70 (824)
0.179 (4.55) 0.40 (122) 0.90 (275) 1.80 (549) 2.70 (824)
a uniform pitch of not more than 16× the nominal diameter of
this 7-wire inner core. The nominal diameter of this 7-wire
0.188 (4.78) 0.40 (122) 1.00 (305) 2.00 (610) 3.00 (915) inner core shall be considered to be 3× the nominal diameter of
0.200 (5.08) 0.40 (122) 1.00 (305) 2.00 (610) 3.00 (915)
0.207 (5.26) 0.40 (122) 1.00 (305) 2.00 (610) 3.00 (915)
the wire. An intermediate layer of 12 wires having a right lay
A
shall be concentrically twisted over this 7-wire core and shall
For intermediate sizes of wire in the strand, the weight designations are the same
as for the next finer size shown in this table. have a uniform pitch of not more than 16× the nominal
B
Class 1 (formerly “galvanized”) coating applies to common grade of strand only. diameter of this 19-wire core. The nominal diameter of this
C
Class A, “extra galvanized” and “double galvanized” are equivalent terms. 19-wire core shall be considered as 5× the nominal diameter of
D
Class B and Class C coatings apply to zinc only.
the wires. An 18-wire outer layer, having a left lay shall be
concentrically twisted over the 19-wire core and shall have a
uniform pitch of not more than 16× the specified nominal
4.1.6 Grade (Per 1.2 and Table 2), diameter of the strand.
4.1.7 Optional – Weldless Strand. Unless otherwise 6.6 All wires in the strand shall lie naturally in their true
requested, strand will be provided as specified in 12.1 – 12.4, positions in the completed strand and, when the strand is cut,
4.1.8 Length of strand in coils or on reels (Section 18), and. the ends shall remain in position or be readily replaced by hand
4.1.9 ASTM designation and year of issue. and then remain in position. This may be accomplished by any
means or process, such as preforming, post forming, or form
5. Materials and Manufacture
setting.
5.1 The base metal shall be steel made by any commercially
accepted steel making process and of such quality and purity 7. Breaking Strength and Weight
that, when drawn to the size of wire specified and metallic
7.1 The approximate weight per unit length of strand and
coated, the finished strand and the individual wires shall be of
the minimum breaking strength of the finished strand shall be
uniform quality and have the properties and characteristics as
as specified in Table 2.
prescribed in this specification.
7.2 A test in which the breaking strength is below the
5.2 Coating Type 1 shall use zinc conforming to Specifica-
minimum specified and which may have been caused by the
tion B6.
slipping of the specimen in the jaws of the testing machine, by
5.3 Coating Type 2 shall use 95Zn/5Al alloy metal conform- breaking within the jaws or within 1 in. (25.4 mm) of the jaws,
ing to Specification B750 (only for classes 1 and A). or by the improper socketing of a specimen shall be disre-
5.4 Coating Type 5 (95Zn/5Al) or Coating type 10 (90Zn/ garded and another sample from the same coil or reel shall be
10Al) shall use zinc alloy metal conforming to the respective tested. Tests shall be made on lengths of strand that do not
type in Specification B997 (only for classes 1 and A). contain wire joints or splices.

6. Stranding 8. Elongation
6.1 Unless otherwise specified, strand shall have a left lay. A 8.1 The elongation of the strand in 24 in. (610 mm) shall be
left lay is defined as a counter-clockwise twist away from the not less than that specified in Table 3.

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TABLE 2 Physical Properties of Metallic-Coated Steel Wire Strand

NOTE 1—The numbers in boldface type indicate sizes and grades most commonly used and readily available.
Nominal Number Nominal Approximate
Diameter of Wires Diameter Weight of
of Strand, in Strand of Coated Strand,
Minimum Breaking Strength of Strand, lbf (kN)
in. (mm) Wires in lb/1000
Strand, ft (kg/
in. (mm) km)
Utilities GradeA Common Siemens- High- Extra High-
Grade Martin Strength Strength
Grade Grade Grade
18⁄ (3.18) 7 0.041 (1.04) 32 (48) ... 540 (2.402) 910 (4.048) 1 330 (5.916) 1 830 (8.140)
⁄
5 32 (3.97) 7 0.052 (1.32) 51 (76) ... 870 (3.870) 1 470 (6.539) 2 140 (9.519) 2 940 (13.078)
3⁄16 (4.76) 7 0.062 (1.57) 73 (109) ... 1 150 (5.115) 1 900 (8.452) 2 850 (12.677) 3 990 (17.748)
3⁄16 (4.76) 7 0.065 (1.65) 80 (119) 2 400 (10.676) (1)B ... ... ... ...
7⁄32 (5.56) 3 0.104 (2.64) 88 (131) ... 1 400 (6.228) 2 340 (10.409) 3 500 (15.569) 4 900 (21.796)
7⁄32 (5.56) 7 0.072 (1.83) 98 (146) ... 1 540 (6.850) 2 560 (11.387) 3 850 (17.126) 5 400 (24.020)

⁄
14 (6.35) 3 0.120 (3.05) 117 (174) 3 150 (14.012) (2)B 1 860 (8.274) 3 040 (13.523) 4 730 (21.040) 6 740 (29.981)
⁄
14 (6.35) 3 0.120 (3.05) 117 (174) 4 500 (20.017) (3)B ... ... ... ...
1⁄ 4 (6.35) 7 0.080 (2.03) 121 (180) ... 1 900 (8.452) 3 150 (14.012) 4 750 (21.129) 6 650 (29.581)
9⁄32 (7.14) 3 0.130 (3.30) 137 (204) ... 2 080 (9.252) 3 380 (15.035) 5 260 (23.398) 7 500 (33.362)

A475 − 22
9⁄32 (7.14) 7 0.093 (2.36) 164 (244) 4 600 (20.462) (1)B 2 570 (11.432) 4 250 (18.905) 6 400 (28.469) 8 950 (39.812)
3

5⁄16 (7.94) 3 0.145 (3.68) 171 (255) 6 500 (28.913) (3)B 2 490 (11.076) 4 090 (18.193) 6 350 (28.246) 9 100 (40.479)

⁄
5 16 (7.94) 7 0.104 (2.64) 205 (305) ... 3 200 (14.234) 5 350 (23.798) 8 000 (35.586) 11 200 (49.820)
⁄
5 16 (7.94) 7 0.109 (2.77) 225 (335) 6 000 (26.689) (1)B ... ... ... ...
38 ⁄ (9.52) 3 0.165 (4.19) 220 (328) 8 500 (37.810) (3)B 3 330 (14.813) 5 560 (24.732) 8 360 (37.187) 11 800 (52.489)
38 ⁄ (9.52) 7 0.120 (3.05) 273 (407) 11 500 (51.155) (4)B 4 250 (18.905) 6 950 (30.915) 10 800 (48.040) 15 400 (68.503)
⁄
7 16 (11.11) 7 0.145 (3.68) 399 (595) 18 000 (80.068) (4)B 5 700 (25.355) 9 350 (41.591) 14 500 (64.499) 20 800 (92.523)

12 ⁄ (12.70) 7 0.165 (4.19) 517 (770) 25 000 (111.206) (4)B 7 400 (32.917) 12 100 (53.823) 18 800 (83.627) 26 900 (119.657)
12 ⁄ (12.70) 19 0.100 (2.54) 504 (751) ... 7 620 (33.895) 12 700 (56.492) 19 100 (84.961) 26 700 (118.768)
⁄
9 16 (14.29) 7 0.188 (4.78) 671 (1000) ... 9 600 (42.703) 15 700 (69.837) 24 500 (108.981) 35 000 (155.688)
⁄
9 16 (14.29) 19 0.113 (2.87) 637 (949) ... 9 640 (42.881) 16 100 (71.616) 24 100 (107.202) 33 700 (149.905)
58 ⁄ (15.88) 7 0.207 (5.26) 813 (1211) ... 11 600 (51.599) 19 100 (84.961) 29 600 (131.667) 42 400 (188.605)

⁄
58 (15.88) 19 0.125 (3.18) 796 (1186) ... 11 000 (48.930) 18 100 (80.513) 28 100 (124.995) 40 200 (178.819)
⁄
34 (19.05) 19 0.150 (3.81) 1 155 (1721) ... 16 000 (71.172) 26 200 (116.543) 40 800 (181.487) 58 300 (259.331)
7⁄ 8 (22.22) 19 0.177 (4.50) 1 581 (2356) ... 21 900 (97.416) 35 900 (159.691) 55 800 (248.211) 79 700 (354.523)
1 (25.40) 19 0.200 (5.08) 2 073 (3089) ... 28 700 (127.664) 47 000 (209.066) 73 200 (325.610) 104 500 (464.839)
1 (25.40) 37 0.143 (3.63) 2 057 (3065) ... 28 300 (125.885) 46 200 (205.508) 71 900 (319.827) 102 700 (456.832)

1 1⁄ 8 (28.58) 37 0.161 (4.09) 2 691 (4010) ... 36 000 (160.136) 58 900 (262.000) 91 600 (407.457) 130 800 (581.827)
1 1⁄ 4 (31.75) 37 0.179 (4.55) 3 248 (4840) ... 44 600 (198.391) 73 000 (324.720) 113 600 (505.318) 162 200 (721.502)
A
The utilities grade is used principally by communication and power and light industries.
B
Refer to elongation requirements specified in Section 8.
 A475 − 22
TABLE 3 Elongation Requirements for Grades of Strand marked on the strand with paint or some other distinguishing
Grade of Strand Elongation in 24 mark. Factory joints made in the individual finished wires of 19
in. (610 mm), and 37-wire strand shall be well spaced and at a minimum in
min, %
number.
Utilities Grade (1)A and Common Strand 10
Utilities Grade (2)A and Siemens-Martin 8 12.2 Joints in the finished coated wires composing the
Utilities Grade (3)A and High-Strength 5
Utilities Grade (4)A and Extra High-Strength 4
strand shall be either the brazed-lap type or electric-butt-
A
welded type. When the brazed type of joint is used, the length
See Table 2, Footnote B.
of the lap shall be not less than 3× the diameter of the finished
coated wire and the overlapping faces shall be smooth, clean,
properly fluxed, and completely covered by the brazing metal.
8.2 The elongation shall be determined as the percent
When the electric-welded type of joint is used, care shall be
increase in separation between the jaws of the testing machine
taken to prevent injury to the finished coated wire during
from the position after application of the initial load to the
electric-butt welding. When joints are necessary in any finished
position at the initial failure in the test specimen. The separa-
coated wires, they shall be made in accordance with best
tion of the jaws of the testing machine shall be approximately
known acceptable practices and shall be recoated in a work-
2 ft when under an initial load equal to 10 % of the required
manlike manner with zinc or a lead-zinc compound containing
minimum breaking strength of the strand. The elongation
a minimum of 50 % zinc.
values shall be recorded only for specimens which break over
1 in. from the jaws of the testing machine. Additional samples 12.3 There shall be no strand joints or strand splices in any
shall be taken from the same coil or reel when the previous length of the completed strand unless specifically permitted by
tests are to be disregarded. the purchaser.
8.3 Elongation tests shall be made on lengths of strand 12.4 Strand can be ordered optionally as Weldless Strand as
which do not contain wire joints or splices. defined in Section 3.

9. Ductility of Steel 13. Permissible Variations in Size

9.1 The metallic-coated wire shall not fracture when 13.1 The diameter of the metallic-coated wire forming the
wrapped at a rate not exceeding 15 turns/min in a close helix strand specified in Table 2 shall be within the limits prescribed
of at least 2 turns around a cylindrical mandrel. The mandrel in Table 4.
diameter for testing common and Siemens-Martin grade strand 14. Workmanship
shall be equal to the nominal diameter of the individual wires
of the strand. The mandrel diameter for utilities, high-strength, 14.1 The metallic-coated wire shall be free of imperfections
and extra high-strength grade strand, shall be equal to 3× the not consistent with good commercial practice. The coating
nominal diameter of the individual wires of the strand. shall be continuous and reasonably uniform.
15. Sampling
10. Weight of Coating
15.1 Sampling for determination of compliance to this
10.1 The weight of metallic coating shall not be less than
specification shall be performed on each lot of material. A lot
that specified in Table 1.
shall consist of all the strand of one size and one grade in each
10.2 The weight of the metallic coating shall be determined shipment. The number of samples to be taken shall be as
by a stripping test in accordance with Test Method A90/A90M. follows:
Number of
11. Adherence of Coating Samples
11.1 The metallic-coated wire shall be capable of being 5000 ft (1524 m) or less 1
Over 5000 to 30 000 ft (1524 to 9144 m) 2
wrapped at a rate not exceeding 15 turns/min in a close helix Over 30 000 to 150 000 ft (9144 to 45 720 m) 3
of at least two turns around a cylindrical mandrel equal to 3× Over 150 000 ft (45 720 m) 4
the nominal diameter of the wire under test, without cracking
or delaminating the metallic coating to such an extent that any
metallic can be removed by rubbing with the bare fingers. TABLE 4 Permissible Variations in Diameter of Individual
Metallic-Coated WiresA
Loosening or detachment during the adhesion test of superficial
Nominal Diameter of Coated Wires Permissible Variations,
small particles of metallic formed by mechanical polishing of in the Strand, in. (mm) ±in. (mm)
the surface of metallic-coated wire shall not be considered 0.041 to 0.060 (1.04 to 1.52) 0.002 (0.05)
cause for rejection. 0.061 to 0.090 (1.55 to 2.29) 0.003 (0.08)
0.091 to 0.120 (2.31 to 3.05) 0.004 (0.10)
12. Joints and Splices 0.121 and over (3.07 and over) 0.005 (0.13)
A
It is recognized that the surfaces of heavy metallic coatings, particularly those
12.1 In 3-wire strand, there shall be no joints made in the produced by hot galvanizing, are not perfectly smooth and devoid of irregularities.
individual finished coated wire. In 7-wire strand, joints made in If the tolerances shown in Table 4 are rigidly applied to such irregularities that are
individual finished coated wires shall be acceptable provided inherent to the product, unjustified rejections of wire that would actually be
satisfactory for use could occur. Therefore, it is intended that these tolerances be
there is not more than one joint in any 150 ft (45.7 m) section used in gaging the uniform areas of the galvanized wire.
of the completed strand; the location of each joint shall be

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 A475 − 22
15.2 Each sample taken shall be subjected to all tests made on samples of wire or strand from the same coil or reel.
prescribed in Sections 6, 7, and 8. If failure occurs in either of these tests, the lot of wire or strand
15.3 In addition to the strand testing in 15.2, the individual shall be rejected.
wires shall be tested. The number of individual wires to be
selected from each sample of strand and tested to determine 18. Packaging and Package Marking
compliance with Sections 9, 10, 11, and 13 shall be as follows: 18.1 Wire strand shall be furnished in standard lengths (see
3-wire strand—3 wires 18.1.1) and in compact coils or on reels (see 18.1.2) as
7-wire strand—4 wires
specified by the purchaser; otherwise lengths shall be as agreed
19-wire strand—3 wires from each layer (total of 6 wires)
upon at the time of purchase. Only one length of strand shall be
37-wire strand—3 wires from each layer (total of 9 wires)
furnished in each coil or on each reel. Lengths of strand may
15.3.1 Individual wire samples selected for compliance to
Section 13 shall be discarded if any distortion of the wire vary between the standard (nominal) length and 10 % over the
occurred during the stranding operation. standard (nominal) length, unless otherwise specified by the
purchaser.
15.4 Instead of testing the wires from the completed strand
18.1.1 Standard lengths of strand are as follows: 250, 500,
in accordance with 15.3, the producer may elect to establish
compliance with Sections 9, 10, 11, and 13 of this specification 1000, 2500, and 5000 ft (76, 152, 304, 760, and 1520 m).
by tests made on the wires prior to stranding, unless otherwise 18.1.2 Standard practice is to furnish all strand 7⁄16 in.
stipulated by the purchaser. However, if the producer makes (11.11 mm) and over in diameter on reels in lengths of 1000 ft
this election, the purchaser still reserves the right to test wires (304 m) and over. Strand lengths of less than 1000 ft are
from the completed strand for compliance. regularly furnished in coils.

16. Inspection 18.2 Each coil or reel shall have a strong weather-resistant
tag securely fastened to it showing the length, nominal
16.1 The manufacturer shall afford the inspector represent-
diameter, number of wires, grade of the strand, class of coating,
ing the purchaser all reasonable facilities to satisfy him that the
material is being furnished in accordance with this specifica- Specification A475, and the name or mark of the manufacturer.
tion. All tests and inspection shall be made at the place of If additional information is required on the tag, it shall be so
manufacture prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified, and specified at the time of purchase.
shall be so conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with the
operation of the works. 19. Keywords
19.1 steel wire strand; wire; zinc/aluminum alloy coated
17. Rejection
steel wire strand; zinc-coated steel wire strand
17.1 If the wire or strand fails in the first test to meet any
requirement of this specification, two additional tests shall be

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