CHAPTER 8: Introduction to SCADA and
industrial network
1. SCADA overview 5. Industrial computer
2. SCADA structure. 6. DAQ card
3. Components of the SCADA system 7. Communication standards
4. PLC 8. Guide STEP 7 and Wincc
Bộ môn Cơ điện tử 1
What is SCADA?
Supervisory Control & Data
Acquisition
Communication
Technology
Which Network Do I Use?
Modbus
•Seriplex FAQ Interbus S
•CAN FAQ Modbus Plus
•Interbus S FAQ
•IBS club ASI
Profibus
•WorldFIP
•LON works
•Modbus
Echelon
CAN
•Fieldbus compare
•Honeywell
Ethernet
•Control competition
Device Net
Seriplex SDS
What is a Network ?
A group of devices physically connected together for the purpose of sharing information, resources
and a common transmission medium.
Why do you need a network?
Control the flow of information
security, accessibility, data control
Centralize resources
save cost on local work stations and peripherals
Simplify data / software management
Backups, IS maintenance
Share information with multiple users
Distribute tasks
reduce local need CPU power
What makes a network work ?
Computers, printers …...
Network interface cards
Network adapter Software drivers
Network Cabling
Network protocols
The Basic Types of Networks
Master / Slave
(Similar to the teacher- student relationship)
Peer to Peer
(Similar to the workgroup concept)
Client / Server
(Similar to an automated teller transaction)
Master / Slave Network
Central Control and Administration
Central Processing of Information
Polling of Stations
Master
Slave Slave Slave
Peer To Peer Network
Distributed Administration
Independent Processing of Information
Shared Transmission Medium
Client / Server Network
Central Network Administrator
Controlled Flow of Information
Independent Processing of Information
Shared Transmission Medium
Various Transmission Mediums
Jacket of PVC or Teflon
Coaxial Cable
Jacket made of PVC or Teflon
Twisted Pair
Optical Fiber
Wireless
Basic Physical Topologies
Bus Topology
Star Topology
Ring Topology
Free Topology
Hybrid Topology
Bus Architecture Topology
Single Channel - Broadcast oriented
More delicate to maintain signal integrity based on cable
selection, distance and drops/taps
Star Architecture Topology
Central Hub
multi-port repeater
• Loose star = lost network
channel selecting switch
Ring Architecture Topology
Each device is a repeater
Loose node= broken ring
Token Ring
Free Topology
Devices are wired in any combination of topologies
Usually requires one terminator
Star
.
term
Loop
Bus
Hybrid Architecture Topology
Non-rooted Tree Architecture (ex.- Internet)
X25
Phone System
Network Extenders
Repeater and Hub
Repeater and Hub
Bridge
Router
Bridge
Gateway
Gateway Router
Logical Terminology & Topologies
Node
Node
Segment / Channel
Subnet Segment Segment
Network Bridge
Domain
System Subnet Subnet
Router
Network A
Gateway Router
Network B
Domain A Domain B
A Node
A collection of SW objects that communicate over a network
based upon a single hardware ID.
A physical device may contain one or more nodes
Example - a router
Node
Node ID
Parameters
Data
Segment / Channel
One or more nodes electrically connected to a continuous section of a transmission media
May include the trunk line, drop line, multi-port taps and other cable components.
Segment
Node Node Node Node Node Node
Subnetwork (Subnet)
One or more nodes sharing a common protocol
and a media access arbitration method
May contain multiple segments
Subnet
Segment
Segment
Segment
Network
One or more subnets using a common network level protocol
where each hardware ID is unique on the network
May contain multiple subnets
Network
Domain
One or more networks where each network has a unique ID
within the domain
May contain a variety of network types connected together
with gateways and routers
Network
Domain Network
Network Network
Gateway Router
System
One or more Domains
Domain
System
Domain
Domain
Basic Media Access Control Methods
Time Division Access
Polled Access
Token Access
Carrier Sense Multiple Access
How will they share the common media ?
NODE #2 NODE #12 NODE #10 NODE #5
Token
Time Division Access
Utilizes a master clock
Each device is assigned a slice of time
Polled Access
Utilizes one device as a master
Other devices a considered slave devices
The master requests information from each slave
The slave responds to the request
Request Frame
Trailer Output Data Header
DP-Slave
immediate
Master
response
Slave
Header Input Data Trailer
Response Frame
Token Access
Every device is considered equal
A token is used to administer access rights
The token is passed logically among the devices
Requests are initialized when a device possess the token
Messag Message Message Message
Token Token Token Token Token
e
Token Token
Message Message
NODE #2 NODE #12 NODE #10 NODE #5
Token Token
Carrier Sense Multiple Access
No priority is assigned to the devices
All the devices contend for access
Messages are only sent if the shared media is not in use
Message Message Message Message Message
Message Message Message Message
NODE #2 NODE #12 NODE #10 NODE #5
Automation & Control System Hierarchy
Automation and control systems can incorporate them all
Sensor / Actuator Bus
Sensor Actuator Buses are bit level oriented
Sensor / Actuator Bus
ASi Seriplex LONworks
Speed 5ms 0.7ms 16-100 ms
Nodes 31 nodes 64 nodes 64 nodes
31 510 32385
Distance 100m 1500m 500m
Message Size 4 bits 1 bit 228 bytes
Node Cost Low Low High
Installed Cost Low Low High
Physical Size Small Small Large
ASI Communication Network
Master - Slave Network – polled media access method
Utilizes a special 2 conductor cable for data and power
Data size - 4 bits
31 maximum slave devices on the bus
ASi power supply Controller
24 V DC
Network Interface Module
Distribution Module
Valves Pilot Actuators
Lights
I/O Module
Push
Buttons
Seriplex Communication Network
Master - slave or peer to peer network type
Time division media access control - 100kHz clock
Special 4 conductor cable - clock, power, data, common
Clock pulse number equals address
24 VDC power
supply Controller / Network Interface Module
Valves Push Pilot Actuators
Buttons Lights
LONWorks Communication Network
Free topology and highly flexible Slower cycle times
Large number of nodes 32000/domain
Programmable Computer
Controller
MODICON MODICON
I/O Modules
Photo Sensor
Lighting Assemblies Switch
Device / Field Bus
Device Buses incorporate intelligent devices
Device / Field Bus
Interbus S Device Net Profibus-DP
(CAN)
Speed 4 ms 10-52 ms 10 ms
Nodes 256 nodes 64 nodes 32 nodes
Max nodes N/A 64 32
Distance 13km 250m 1200m
Message Size 8 bytes 246 bytes
Node Cost Medium Medium Medium
Installed Cost Low High High
Physical Size Medium Medium Large
Interbus Network
Many third party suppliers Loss of device or connection disables complete
Large physical topology 12km system
Price competitive
PC based Operator
Quantum Controller Control Station Compact 984
I/O Modules
BDEA 202
NOA 611 Interface
Interface
Third Party Products
T/C, RTD, Servo, Barcode, RF Tag
Terminal I/O Modules
InterBus-S Weak points
• Low performance message
Strong points handling
High performance I/O – Adapted to parameter
exchanges, deterministic setting only. 1 to 8 words
protocol per device and per bus
cycle
• Approx. 7 ms for 128 – No slave to slave
devices with 32 I/O communication
(2048 input bits, 2048
output bits) • No diffusion (variable or
• Built-in reflex message handling)
functions
• One level of priority for cyclic
Standardized profiles , variables
interoperability, unique
installation tool : CMD • No downgrade mode
tool, product catalogue – The bus stops in the event
of a fault on the device
– When the bus restarts,
Different physical layers the following devices
(loop sensor ) cannot be accessed
Activation / deactivation • DIN standard
segment – Similar to Phoenix Contact
strategy (components,
policies, etc)
Fault localization
DeviceNet Communication Network
Limited physical topology
500m
Controller / Network Interface
24 VDC power
supply
MODICON
Valves I/O Module Push I/O Module Actuators Drives
Buttons
ProfiBus DP Network
Large physical topology 24km (fiber) Difficult to configure and maintain; needs multiple
software pieces
Controller / Network Computer / Network Controller / Network
Interface Module Interface Module Interface Module
up to 1200m distance
Direct connection
to third party products
Terminal I/O Modules
Control Networks
Control Networks require critical performance
Control Networks
Modbus Plus FIPWAY
Speed 20k reg/sec 10-80 ms
Nodes 64 32
Distance 13km 1000m
Message Size 100 registers 128 bytes
Node Cost Medium Medium
Installed Cost Low High
Physical Size Medium Large
Modbus Plus Network
Operator Control
Station
Quantum Controller 984 Controller
Compact 984
Controller
ModConnect
Third Party
Products
Terminal I/O Modules
Modbus Plus excellent performance
Predictable
performance
Network Throughput
As fast as
Reg/Sec per Node
hardwired I/O 10000
Typical token
8000
rotation time of 2
milliseconds per 6000
node 4000
Maximum network
2000
throughput of
20,000 registers/Sec 0
2 4 10 20 30
Nodes
Bộ môn Cơ điện tử Bich Le
Data Networks
Data Networks extend the information capabilities
Data Networks
Ethernet
Nodes 8 - 24 nodes/hub
Max Nodes Unlimited
Distance 100 m (node to hub)
Message Size Unlimited
Node Cost Low
Installed Cost Depends on Extent of
Physical Size Network
World Wide
Ethernet Data Network
Laptop Hub
10Base-T
Offices
Ethernet Backbone
Hub
Plant
Floor
10Base-T
Quantum Quantum
Ethernet Ethernet
Important Application Information
Number of nodes (I/O points) required.
Distance between I/O points.
Overall network distance.
Data throughput required.
Preferred PLC Controllers being utilized
Bit level traffic quantity
Word level traffic quantity
Preferred Media (coax, fiber, twisted pair,…..)
Maintenance preferences
Greenfield installation
Installed base
Preferred vender list
Practice #21 HMI design for traffic light system
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