Profibus
➢PROFIBUS (Process Field Bus) is a standard for fieldbus
communication
➢Based on a token bus/floating master system.
➢Three Types
1.FMS ( Field bus Message Specification)
▪Is used for general data acquisition systems
2. DP (Decentralized Peripherals)
▪used when fast communications are needed
3. PA (Process Automation)
▪used in areas when intrinsically safe devices and intrinsically
safe communications are needed.
Profibus
Profibus
Fig.1 OSI Model For Profibus
Profibus frame : DP
Profibus
Physical Layer:
➢specifies the type of Profibus transmission medium
➢The RS-485voltage standard is defined for the FMS and DP
versions of Profibus
➢The IEC 1158-2 standard is used in the PA version.
➢For FMS and DP a maximum number of 255 stations
are possible.
FMS (RS-485) 187.5 kbps
DP (RS-485) 500 kbps /1.5 Mbps/12 Mbps
PA (IEC 1158-2) 31.25 kbps
Profibus
DataLink Layer:
➢defined by Profibus as the Fieldbus data link Layer (FDL).
➢The medium access control (MAC) part of the FDL defines
when a station may transmit data.
➢The MAC ensures that only one station transmits data at any
given time.
➢Profibus communication is termed hybrid medium access
➢It uses two methods of operation:
• Token passing
❑ Token is circulated with a maximum (and configurable) token
rotation time between all masters.
❑The token is passed in a defined sequence (in order of
increasing addresses).
Profibus
▪Master/slave.
➢The master/slave method allows the master that currently has
the token to communicate with the associated slave devices.
➢The master can then read from or write data to the
slave devices.
Profibus DP vs PA vs NET
Master – Slave Concept and token
passing
The above picture shows a typical PROFIBUS structure consisting of 2
active masters and 5 passive slave stations. The sequence of token
passing forms a logical ring, i.e. the token is passed in ascending address
order from one active station to the next. The last station finally passes the
token back to the first.
DP Multi-master
DP Multi-Master systems consist
System of:
- multiple Masters (class
1 or 2)
Several DP-Masters may - 1 to max. 124 DP-Slaves
access a DP Slave with read - max. 126 devices on the
functions but only one Master DP-Master
same bus
may write to a slave (class 2)
PC
DP-Master
(class 1) CNC PLC
DP-Master
(class 1)
PROFIBUS
Distributed inputs and outputs
DP - Slaves Distributed inputs and outputs
Application layer
Various service levels of the DP protocol were defined:
DP-V0 for cyclic exchange of data and diagnosis
DP-V1 for acyclic data exchange and alarm handling
DP-V2 for isochronous mode and data exchange broadcast (slave-
to-slave communication)
Isochronous pertains to processes that require timing
coordination to be successful, such as voice and digital video
transmission.
Security layer
• The security layer FDL (Field bus Data Link)
works with a hybrid access method that
combines token passing with a master-slave
method.
• In a PROFIBUS DP network, the controllers or
process control systems are the masters and
the sensors and actuators are the slaves.
• Various telegram types are used. They can be
differentiated by their start delimiter
Profibus
Virtual Field Device with Object Dictionary
Profibus
VFD:
➢The application process in a field device that is readable for
communication
➢The VFD contains the communication objects
➢The objects of a real device that are readable for the
communication (variables, programs, data domains) are called
communication objects.
➢All communication objects of a Profibus station are entered
into its local object dictionary (source OD).
There are two types:
1. Static communication objects
2. Dynamic communication objects
Profibus
Static communication objects:
➢defined in the static object dictionary
➢predefined by the manufacturer of the device, or defined during
the configuration of the bus system.
➢Static communication objects are used mainly for communication
in the field area.
➢Profibus recognizes the following static communication objects:
1. Simple variable
2. Array – sequence of simple variables of the same type
3. Record – sequence of simple variables, not necessarily of the
same type
4. Domain – data range
5. Event
Profibus
Dynamic communication objects:
➢ entered into the dynamic part of the OD
➢They may be predefined or defined, deleted or changed by the
application services in the operational phase.
Profibus supports the following dynamic communication objects:
1. Program invocation
2. Variable list (sequence of simple variables, arrays or records).
There are two methods for accessing the variables:
1. Addressing by name (using a symbolic name)
2. Physical addressing (to access a physical location in memory)
Profibus
Profiles for the following application fields are available
▪Building automation (DESIGO S7)
➢ PLC requirements at the automation level
➢ Pharma, Food & Beverage and industry
➢ Infrastructure (airports, tunnels, hospitals)
➢ Semiconductors, clean rooms
➢ Totally Integrated Automation (TIA) – communication
with the process automation system
➢ Totally Integrated Power (TIP) – communication with
power distribution systems
▪Drive control (SINAMICS G)
Above Profibus and Profinet
Market Share
How Profibus different ?
Token rotation time:
• The minimum desired token time, which must be
set in any installation, is calculated as follows:
• min T = n ( T + T ) + k * T
TR TC MC MC
• n = Number of master stations
• k = Estimated number of low priority telegrams
per token rotation
• T =Token cycle time
TC
• TMC = Telegram cycle time, dependent on
telegram length
Tools :
• Simulators :
ProfiCaptain
PROFIteste
ProfiCoach V 1.3
INR 112,600
CompactRIO PROFIBUS Master/Slave Module
