Electromagnetic Field

Theory
Classroom Workbook

ELECTRONICS AND COMM. ENGINEERING

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

GATE/ESE
Electromagnetic Field Theory
Classroom Workbook

For ECE, EE, EI

Copyrights © All Rights Reserved

Sorting HAT Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise or stored in a database or
retrieval system without the prior written permission of the publishers. The program listings
(if any) may be entered, stored and executed in a computer system, but they may not be
reproduced for publication.

Printing of books passes through many stages - writing, composing, proof reading, printing
etc. We try our level best to make the book error- free. If any mistake has inadvertently crept
in, we regret it and would be deeply indebted to those who point it out. We do not take any
legal responsibility.

Edition : EMFT-2024/2025

Sorting HAT Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

353, 12th 'A'cross, off double road, Opp. City Centre
Residency, Indira nagar, 1st stage Bangalore
Bangalore KA560038IN.
GATE Syllabus
ECE

Maxwell's equations: differential and integral forms and their interpretation, boundary
conditions, wave equation, Poynting vector. Plane waves and properties: reflection and
refraction, polarization, phase and group velocity, propagation through various media, skin
depth. Transmission lines: equations, characteristic impedance, impedance matching,
impedance transformation, S-parameters, Smith chart. Rectangular and circular waveguides,
light propagation in optical fibers, dipole and monopole antennas, linear antenna arrays.

EE

Coulomb's Law, Electric Field Intensity, Electric Flux Density, Gauss's Law, Divergence,
Electric field and potential due to point, line, plane and spherical charge distributions, Effect
of dielectric medium, Capacitance of simple configurations, Biot‐Savart’s law, Ampere’s law,
Curl, Faraday’s law, Lorentz force, Inductance, Magnetomotive force, Reluctance, Magnetic
circuits, Self and Mutual inductance of simple configurations.

IN

Coulomb's Law, Electric Field Intensity, Electric Flux Density, Gauss's Law, Divergence,
Electric field and potential due to point, line, plane and spherical charge distributions, Effect
of dielectric medium, Capacitance of simple configurations, Biot-Savart’s law, Ampere’s law,
Curl, Faraday’s law, Lorentz force, Inductance, Magnetomotive force, Reluctance, Magnetic
circuits, Self and Mutual inductance of simple configurations.

ESE Syllabus
E&T

Elements of vector calculus, Maxwell’s equations—basic concepts; Gauss’ and Stokes’

theorems; Wave propagation through different media; Transmission lines—different types,
basics, Smith’s chart, impedance matching and transformation, S-parameters, pulse
excitation, uses; Waveguides—basics, rectangular types, modes, cut-off frequency,
dispersion, dielectric types; Antennas—radiation pattern, monopoles/dipoles, gain, arrays—
active/passive, theory, uses.

EE

Line Plane and Spherical Charging Distribution, Ampere’s and Bio-Sava RT’s Law. Maxwell
Equation
 Contents

Sr. Chapters
11. Coordinate System and Electrostatics

2. Magnetostatics

3. Plane Wave Propagation

4. Transmission Lines

5. Waveguides

6. Antennas

7. Optical Fibres

6.
63.
6.


 1 Coordinate System and
Electrostatics

MCQ, MSQ and NAT

Q.1 The direction of vector A is radially Q.4 The force on a point charge + q kept
outward from the origin, with at a distance d from the surface of an

A  kr n where r 2  r 2  y 2  z 2 and infinite grounded metal plate in a

medium of permittivity is
k is a constant. The value of n for
(A) 0
which .A  0 is
(A) –2 (B) 2 q2
(B) away from the plate
16  d2
(C) 1 (D) 0
q2
Q.2 Consider a vector field A  r . The (C)
16  d2
towards the plate

closed loop line integral  A  d l can (D)

q2
towards the plate
4  d2
be expressed as
Q.5 Given the vector
(A)   
  A  ds over the closed
A=(cos x)(sin y)âx +(sin x)(cos y)ây ,
surface bounded by the loop where âx ,ây denote unit vector along
(B)    A  dv over the closed x,y directions, respectively. The

volume bounded by the loop magnitude of curl of A is _______.

(C)    A  dv over the open Q.6

 
What is the electric flux   E .da
ˆ

 
volume bounded by the loop
through a quarter-cylinder of height H
(D)    A  ds over the open (as shown in the figure) due to an
surface bounded by the loop infinitely long line charge along the
Q.3 The divergence of vector field axis of the cylinder with a charge
A  xa
ˆx  ya
ˆy  za
ˆz is density of Q?
(A) 0 (B) 1/3
(C) 1 (D) 3
 Q.9 If the vectors (1.0, –1.0, 2.0), (7.0, 3.0,
x) and (2.0, 3.0, 1.0) in R3 are linearly
dependent, the value of x is _______.
Q.10 Consider the vector field

F  aˆ x 4y – c 1z   aˆ y 4x  2z   aˆ z 2y  z 

in a rectangular coordinate system (x,

(A)
4H
(B)
HQ y, z) with unit vectors aˆ x , aˆ y , and aˆ z
Q 0 40
. If the field F is irrotational
HQ H0
(C) (D) (conservative), then the constant c1
0 4Q
(in integer) is _________

Q.7 For a vector field A , which one of the Q.11 For a vector field D =  cos2a + z2
following is FALSE? sin2 a in a cylindrical coordinate
  system (, , z) with unit vectors a, a
(A) A is solenoidal if .A = 0.
and az, the net flux of D leaving the

(B)   A is another vector field. closed surface of the cylinder ( = 3, 0
  ≤ z ≤ 2) (rounded off to two decimal
(C) A is irrotational if  2 A = 0.
places) is _______
    
(D)      A     .A   2 A Q.12 Consider two position
   
vectors and
Q.8 The vector function F r   xˆi  y ˆj is
, both
defined over a circular arc C shown in
expressed in centimeter units.
the figure.
Determine the unit vector pointing
from and the distance
between these two given position
vectors.

(A)
(B)

 F r   dr
The line integral of is (C)
C

(D)
1 1
(A) (B)
2 4 Q.13 A charge of magnitude 4 × 10–4 C is

1 1 located at M(2, 2, 2), and another

(C) (D)
6 3 charge of magnitude -2×10–4 C is
located at N(2, 0, 5) in a
 vacuum. Determine the force exerted and is____
on Q2 by Q1 if both the charges are _____(in degree). (Up to two decimal
placed in a vacuum. places)
Q.17 Three points are given in the cartesian
[Given,
coordinate system as P (4, –3, 2), Q(–
F/m]
3, –2, 6), and R(3, 6, –4). Determine
(A) the vector from point P to the mid-
(B) point of the straight-line joining Q to
(C) R.
(D) (A)
Q.14 A region (z<0) is characterized (B)
by and the other region (z > (C)
0) is characterized by If (D)
and Q.18 A charge is distributed uniformly over
no charge exists at the interface, the plane z = 10 cm with a density

then will be-

of . The magnitude
of (in V/m) for z > 10 cm
(A)
is________ (Rounded off to the
(B)
nearest integer)
(C)

(D)
Q.15 Consider a parallel plate capacitor Q.19 A scalar field is given as-

that is maintained at 300 Volts. If the T = 25rsin (In cylindrical

separation between the plates of the coordinate system)

capacitor and the area of the plates is Determine the gradient

5 mm and 20 cm2 respectively, then

at .
the displacement current is
(A) (B)
____________(in mA). (Up to three
(C) (D)
decimal places)
Q.20 Consider that a cube has sides of 2 m
[Consider t = and
and its center is placed at (0,0,0). The
F/m]
sides of the cube are parallel to the
Q.16 The angle between two position
coordinate axes. If the electric flux
vectors
 density is C/m2 , (C)The change in the potential

then the charge inside the cube is- difference between the plates with

(A)4 C (B)8 C respect to time is 35.95 × 109 V/s.

(C)16 C (D)32 C (D)The capacitance between the

Q.21 The electric field intensity at point x = plates is 5.563 pF.

0 due to a set of infinite number of Q.23 Consider that the two point charges Q

point charges each equal to ‘q’ placed and 2Q are placed along the x-axis in

in a medium with permittivity and front of a grounded, infinite

along x-axis at x = 1, x = 2, x = 4, x = 8 conducting plane as illustrated in the

and so on is- figure. The force acting on the charge

Q is-
(A) (B)

(C) (D)
Q.22 A capacitor is made up of two circular
plates, each of radius 10 cm and
separated by a distance of 5 cm as
shown in the figure below. Assume
(A) (B)
that the capacitor is being charged by
an external source. The charging (C) (D)
current is constant and equal to 0.20 Q.24 Consider 4-point charges placed in
Amperes. Which of the given options free space at points in Cartesian
is/are correct? coordinates (-5, 0, 0), (5, 0, 0), (0, -5,
[Assume ∈0 = 8.854 × 10-12 F/m] 0) and (0, 5, 0). The magnitude of four
equal charges is 10 μC. The force on
another charge of magnitude 25 μC
placed at (0, 0, 10) will be ________
(N). [Up to 2 decimal places]

(A)The change in the potential

[Assume all given distances are in
difference between the plates with
centimeters]
respect to time is 8.87 × 109 V/s
Q.25 Assume two infinite lines of charge
(B)The capacitance between the
each carrying a charge
plates is 80.321 pF.
density are parallel to the z-axis
and are located at x =1 and x =-1.
 The at an arbitrary point in free (C)
space along the y-axis will be – (D)
Q.28 Three vectors are given as-
(A)

(B)

(C) Find the cross product

(A)
(D)
(B)
Q.26 A uniform line charge, infinite in
(C)
extent, with lies along
(D)
the -axis. at is-
Q.29 An electric potential is given as V = 5x-
(A)
7x2y + 8y2 + 16yz – 5z. The electric
(B) field at (2, 4, -3) is-
(C) (A)
(D) (B)
Q.27 Two point charges q1 and q2 are (C)
placed at a distance a = 3 cm and b = (D)
2 cm from the origin as shown in the Q.30 Find the electric field at point P(6, -2,
figure below. 4) due to two charges, q1 = 3µC at
point (1, 1, 1) and q2 = at point (-
2, 4, 6).
[Assume Coulomb’s

constant, .]
(A
(B)
If q1 = 4 C and q2 = 1 C, then the
(C)
net electric field vector at point P is-
(D
[Assume Coulomb’s
Q.31 A parallel plate capacitor is having an
constant, ] area of 25 cm2 & distance between
(A) plates d = 10 mm with . If the

(B) voltage applied across the plates is 50

 sin100t, then the displacement the plates is 2 m2 and the distance
current is- between the plates is 10-3 m, then the
(A)22.125 sin100t nA capacitance of the parallel-plate
(B)22.125 sin100t A capacitor is _____________ nF. (Up to
(C)22.125 cos100t A 2 decimal places).
(D)22.125 cos 100t nA [Consider that both the dielectrics

Q.32 If and cover half of the volume each and

]
, then the
Q.36 If the electric flux density is given as
unit vector perpendicular to both
and ,
then the charge enclosed inside the
(A) region -1 < x < 1, -1 < y < 1 and -2 < z
<2 is ______________ C. (Up to 2
(B)
decimal places).
[Consider the dimensions in meters].
(C)
Q.37 If the electric field vector

(D) is and the

Q.33 The magnitude of the force on a magnetic field vector
charge 30 C placed at (0, 0, 2) m due
is , then,
to another charge -200 C located at
(2, 1, 0) m is-
(A)

[Consider F/m]. (B)

(A)6 N (B)4 N (C)

(C)2 N (D)9 N (D)

Q.34 Two-point charges 8 nC and -8nC are Q.38 Match List-I answer using with List-1l
separated by a distance of 0.4 m. The and select the correct | the codes given below
energy in the system of these two the lists:
charges is _________________nJ.
(Rounded off to the nearest integer).

[Consider ].
Q.35 A parallel-plate capacitor contains
two dielectrics,
and . If the area of
 (A)A-1 B-2 C-3 D-4
(B) A-3 B-4 C-1 D-2 (A)

(C)A-4 B-1 C-2 D-3

(D)A-2 B-3 C-4 D-1 (B)

Q.39 The angle between two

(C)
vector,

(D)
(A)44° Q.42 Which of the following statement(s)
(B)53.7° is/are correct:
(C)37.3° 1. Gradient is an operation performed
(D)39.92° on a scalar function which results in a
Q.40 The electric field for a given charge vector function
enclosed in a spherical gaussian 2. The Laplacian of a scalar field V is
surface is E. What is the electric field the divergence of the gradient of V
if charge enclosed and radius of and for a scalar quantity, it results in a
gaussian surface is doubled? vector.
(A)Electric field is 2 times 3. The Laplacian of vector 'A' is the
(B)Electric field is same gradient of divergence of A minus the curl of
(C)Electric field is half A.
(D)Electric field is 4 times (A)1 and 3
Q.41 An air filed parallel-plate capacitor (B)1 and 2
with capacitance C. If it is filled with (C)2 and 3
dielectric material as shown in figure. (D)1, 2 and 3

The new capacitance is ________.

Answer Key Q.32 Ans. [C]
Q.33 Ans. [A]
Q.34 Ans. [-1438]
Q.1 Ans. [A] Q.35 Ans. [46.91]
Q.2 Ans. [D] Q.36 Ans. [37.33]
Q.37 Ans. [B]
Q.3 Ans. [D}
Q.38 Ans. [D]
Q.4 Ans. [C]
Q.39 Ans. [D]
Q.5 Ans. [0, Range -0.01 to 0.01]
Q.40 Ans. [A]
Q.6 Ans. [B]
Q.41 Ans. [A]
Q.7 Ans. [C]
Q.42 Ans. [A]
Q.8 Ans. [A]
Q.9 Ans. [8]
Q.10 Ans. [0]
Q.11 Ans. [56.54]
Q.12 Ans. [C]
Q.13 Ans. [B]
Q.14 Ans. [D]
Q.15 Ans. [1.062]
Q.16 Ans. [78.78]
Q.17 Ans. [B]
Q.18 Ans. [6]
Q.19 Ans. [A]
Q.20 Ans. [B]
Q.21 Ans. [B]
Q.22 Ans. [C, D]
Q.23 Ans. [C]
Q.24 Ans. [6.43]
Q.25 Ans. [D]
Q.26 Ans. [A]
Q.27 Ans. [B]
Q.28 Ans. [B]
Q.29 Ans. [A]
Q.30 Ans. [A]
Q.31 Ans. [D]
 2 Magnetostatics
c
MCQ, MSQ and NAT
Diode
Q.1 If the electric and magnetic field such a way that it is perpendicular to
intensities in a medium the plane of the coil. The field
are V/m and changes uniformly from zero to 0.4 T
A/m respectively, in 5 seconds. The induced current
then at z = 0, the instantaneous established in the coil during this
power density vector is- change of field is________ mA.

Q.5 Which of the following statement(s)

(A)
is/are correct?
(B)
(A) is known as
(C)
Ampere’s circuit law in point form or
(D) differential form.

Q.2 Consider a wire loop having an area of (B) is also known as

0.16 m2. It is placed in a uniform Maxwell’s third equation.
magnetic field of strength 0.2 T in
such a way that the plane of the loop (C)The magnetostatic field is
is perpendicular to the field. After two
conservative as
seconds, the magnetic field reverses
its direction. The magnitude of the (D)Ampere’s circuit law can be
average emf induced in the loop applied irrespective of the shape of
during this time is_______V. the closed curve ‘C’.

(Up to 2 decimal places) Q.6 Consider an electric power line that

carries 1500 A of current. It is located
Q.3 The plane of a 500-turn square coil of
at a place where it experiences 5 × 10-
side length 40 cm makes an angle of 5
T of the magnetic field. This power
60° with a uniform magnetic field. The
line makes 75° angle with respect to
magnitude of the magnetic field
the magnetic field. Determine the
changes by 8 T in 1 second. If the
magnitude of the magnetic force on
direction of the magnetic field is fixed,
the line if it is 100 m long.
then the magnitude of the induced
EMF is __________(volts) in the coil. (A)9.11 N (B)14.48 N
(Rounded off to the nearest integer)
(C)7.24 N (D)3.62 N
Q.4 A circular coil with 120 turns, 10 cm
radius, and resistance of is Q.7 In a conducting
placed in a uniform magnetic field in medium,
 The magnetic flux crossing the surface
. The conduction current density defined
at is-
by and will
A) be _______Wb. (Rounded off up to
two decimal
(B)
places)
(C)
Q.10 Find the magnetic flux density
(D)
vector at point P(2, 6, 4) due to a
Q.8 If a wire loop is bent into the shape of current element of
a square with each side of 5 cm. This located point
loop is placed horizontally on a Q (8, -4, 6).
tabletop in such a way that its two
sides are oriented north/south and [Consider H/m.]
the other two sides are oriented
east/west. (A) Tesla

A battery is also connected so that a

current of 25 mA is produced around (B) Tesla
the loop and this current flows in the
clockwise direction as shown below. (C) Tesla

(D) Tesla

Q.11 Consider the following statements

regarding Maxwell’s equations for
time-varying fields. Which of the
following statement(s) is/are correct?

(A)
(B)
Calculate the overall torque
magnitude on the loop, if it
experiences a magnetic field of 0.5 × (C)
10-4 T.
(D)
(A)6.245 N-m
(B)5.625 N-m Q.12 A straight conductor of length
carries a current of in
(C)12.245 N-m
the direction. If the magnetic
(D)3.125 nN-m
field is given as
Q.9 Consider a radial , then
the force on the conductor is-
field ex
isting in free space.
 (A) (C)Biot-Savart Law
(D)Coulomb’s Law
(B)
Q.16 What is the flux density of a magnet
(C)
having cross-section of 43 cm² and
(D) exerting a flux of 2.7 mWb.
Q.13 A conductor carries a current of 20A (A)0.54 T
and is at right-angles to a magnetic (B)0.63 T
field having a flux density of 0.9T. If
the length of the conductor in the (C)1.85 T
field is 30cm. Calculate the force (D)1.59 T
acting on the conductor.
Q.17 Maxwell’s 3rd equation is derived
(A)2.7N from -
(B)5.4N
(A)Ampere’s law
(C)54N
(B)Faraday law of electromagnetic
(D)27N
induction
Q.14 The force on the current carrying
(C)Non-existence of isolated magnetic
conductor in a magnetic field depend
pole
upon:
(D)None of these
1. The flux density of the field
Q.18 Consider the given figure:
2. The strength of the current

3. The length of the conductor

perpendicular to the magnetic field

4. The directions of the field and the

current

(A) 1, 3 and 4 only

(B)1, 2 and 3 only

(C) 1, 2 and 4 only

(D)1, 2, 3 and 4
What is the circulation of in close
Q.15 “The line integral of magnetic field
contour C.
intensity H around a closed path is
exactly equal to the direct current (A)3I (B)–3I
enclosed by that path” is the
statement of - (C)I (D)–I

(A)Divergence theorem Q.19 Match list-X (laws) with list-Y

(B)Ampere’s Circuital Law (Applications) and select the correct
answer
 (C)132.58 AT/m
(D)152.14 AT/m

Q.22 The magnetic flux through each turn

of coil consisting of 220 turns
is , where t is the
time in seconds. The induced emf in
(A)I-1, II-3, III-4, IV-2
the coil at t = 5 sec is -
(B)I-1, II-3, III-2, IV-4
(A)–0.88 V
(C)I-2, II-3, III-4, IV-1
(B)–1 V
(D)I-2, II-3, III-1, IV-4
(C)0.88 V
Q.20 Assertion (A): The solution of
(D)8.8 V
Poisson's equation is the same as the
solution of Laplace's equation. Q.23 A flux of 2.3 mWb is exerted by a
magnet having a cross-section of 60
Reason (R): Laplace equation is a
cm². The flux density in tesla is
special case of Poisson's equation of
source-free region. (A)
(B)3.8 T
(A)Both Assertion(A) and Reason(R)
are true and Reason(R) is the correct (C)
explanation of Assertion(A). (D)0.38 T

(B)Both Assertion(A) and Reason(R) Q.24 A current filament of 10 A in the

are true but Reason(R) is not the direction is parallel to the y-axis at x =
correct explanation of Assertion(A). 2 m and z = -2m, as shown in the
figure below. The magnetic field
(C)Assertion(A) is true but Reason(R)
intensity at the origin is-
is false.

(D)Assertion(A) is false but Reason(R)

is true.

Q.21 A single turn circular coil having

diameter of 50 m carries a current of
A. The relative permeability
of the space surrounding the coil is
unity. Find the magnetizing force at a
point on the axis of the coil and 80 m
from the coil. Assuming the Laplace’s
expression for magnetizing force due (A)
to a current element.

(A)98.91 AT/m (B)

(B)115.25 AT/m
 (C) Amperes
(C) (D) Amperes

(D)

Q.25 A square loop of side 2 m is placed

with its center at the origin in the x-y
plane in a region where the magnetic
flux density is given
as

The induced EMF (in volts) at t = 2 sec

in the loop will be-

(A)1747.14
(B)0.658

(C)58.6
(D)0.586

Q.26 In a certain conducting region,

. The current
through a square of side 1 m with one
corner at origin and sides coinciding
with positive x and y axis is-

(A)1.5A

(B)3A

(C)6A
(D)12A

Q.27 Consider a circular loop conductor

lying in the z = 0 plane, that has a 0.1
m radius and 4 resistance.

The flux density is given as –

Tesla

The current in the loop is –

(A) Amperes
(B) Amperes
Answer Key Q.26 Ans. [B]

Q.27 Ans. [B]

Q.1 Ans. [A]

Q.2 Ans. 0.32]

Q.3 Ans. [ 320]

Q.4 Ans.30.1

Q.5 Ans. [A, B, D]

Q.6 Ans. [C]

Q.7 Ans. [B]

Q.8 Ans. [D]

Q.9 Ans. [2.22]

Q.10 Ans. [C]

Q.11 Ans. [A, D]

Q.12 Ans. [A]

Q.13 Ans. [B]

Q.14 Ans. [D]

Q.15 Ans. [B]

Q.16 Ans. [B]

Q.17 Ans. [B]

Q.18 Ans. [B]

Q.19 Ans. [A]

Q.20 Ans. [D]

Q.21 Ans. [C]

Q.22 Ans. [C]

Q.23 Ans. [D]

Q.24 Ans. [A]

Q.25 Ans. [D]

 3 Plane Wave Propagation

MCQ, MSQ and NAT

Q.1 Calculate the angle of refraction if a wave Q.5 Consider a plane wave propagating at a 2
traveling in the air enters the water at 16° MHz frequency in fresh water. Considering
with the normal. (Assume the refractive the losses in water at the given frequency
index of water as 1.33) are negligible, the phase velocity and the
wavelength in water are respectively-
(A)22° (B)33.13°
[Assume μr = 1 and εr = 81].
(C)11.96° (D)40.21°
(A)16.53 × 106 m/s and 3.3 cm
Q.2 The Brewster’s angle of a wave traveling
(B)3.3 × 107 m/s and 16.53 m
into flint glass from water is ______(in
degrees and rounded off up to two (C)16.53 m/s and 3.3 × 107 m
decimal places). (D)3.3 × 106 cm/s and 16.53 cm

[The refractive index of the given glass is

Q.6 If and
1.49 and that of water is 1.33]

Q.3 An electromagnetic wave is propagating in

are the electric and magnetic fields of a
the z-direction in a lossy medium. The
uniform plane wave propagating at a
attenuation constant is 0.55 Np/m and the
velocity of 2.4 × 108 m/s in a perfect
amplitude of the electric field of the wave
dielectric lossless medium, then the
is 110 V/m at z = 0. How far will the wave
relative permeability (μr) is ________
travel before the amplitude of the EM
(Rounded off up to two decimal places)
wave reduce to 10 V/m?

(A)4.35 cm (B)0.435 m
Q.7 A conductor has relative permittivity,
(C)2.17 m (D)4.35 m
and
Q.4 If a wave is incident from air to the glass conductivity, . The
at Brewster’s angle, then the transmitted skin depth for a frequency of 25 kHz is
angle is- ___________meters.(Rounded off to the
nearest integer).
[Assume that the refractive index of glass
is 1.45].
[Assume and
(A)69.18° (B)17.29°

(C)34.6° (D)5.88°
Q.8 If the skin depth at 16 MHz for a good Q.12 An EM wave is propagating through Teflon
conductor is 0.04 m, then the phase whose length is 200 cm. If the frequency is
velocity of an electromagnetic wave at 12 GHz and the loss tangent at 25°C is 4 ×
1600 MHz in the same conductor is- 10-4, then the attenuation constant(in
Np/m) is ________. [Up to three decimal
(A)10.21 × 106 m/s
places]
(B)20 × 106 m/s
[Given, , μr = 1 and
(C)4.21 × 106 m/s
(D)40.21 × 106 m/s
F/m]
Q.9 Evaluate the surface resistance of the
Q.13 Consider a uniform plane wave that is
silver coating used on a glass material for
incident from the air on the glass at an
making it a good conductor at a frequency
angle of 30° to the normal. For P-
of 6000 MHz. The conductivity of silver is
polarization, the fraction of the incident
= 8.1 × 106 S/m, and μr = 1.
power that is reflected is__________
[Consider ] (Rounded off up to two decimal places)

(A)54 mΩ [Assume that the glass has a refraction

(B)0.027 mΩ index of 1.45, the air has a refractive index
of 1, and the intrinsic impedance of air is
(C)27 Ω 377 Ω]
(D)0.54 mΩ
Q.14 Evaluate the effective impedance for s-
Q.10 A sinusoidal electric field with an polarization if a uniform plane wave is
amplitude of 200 V/m and frequency of 1.5 incident from air on the glass at an angle
GHz exists in a lossy dielectric medium. 45° with the normal.
This medium has εr = 2.5 and a loss
tangent of 0.004. The conductivity in mS/m [Assume ηair = 377 Ω]
is__________(Up to two decimal places).
(A) 600 Ω (B) 533.15 Ω

(C) 233.30 Ω (D) 250 Ω

[Assume ]
Q.15 Consider the region-1 with z < 0 and region
Q.11 Evaluate the average power crossing a -2 with z > 0 and both are dielectrics with μ
circular area with a 500 cm radius present = μ0. A plane uniform wave travels
in a plane where z is constant. The electric in direction having a frequency of 8 ×
field of the electromagnetic wave in the 1010 rad/s. The wavelength of region-1 and
free space region-2 is 0.08 m and 0.06 m respectively.
is V/m.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are
(A)300 W correct?
(B)150 W
(A)The fraction of incident power that is
(C)500 W reflected is 2.04 × 10-2
(D)375 W
 (B)The Standing Wave Ratio is 1.33 in (C)644.3 (D)0.6443
region-1.
Q.20 A uniform plane wave in air partially
(C)The fraction of the incident power that reflects from the surface of a material
is transmitted is 20.04 whose properties are unknown. The
measurements of the electric field in the
region in front of the interface field yield a
(D)The reflection coefficient is 2 m spacing between maximas& the first
maxima occurs at 1 m from the interface.
Q.16 Which of the following statement(s) is/are
The VSWR was measured as 4. Then, the
correct for a plane EM wave travelling in a
intrinsic impedance of the unknown
vacuum along the z-direction?
material is ______ Ω. [Rounded off to the
(A)The electric and magnetic fields are in nearest integer]
the x-y plane.
Q.21 A uniform plane wave of frequency 5 GHz
(B)The wavelength of an EM wave is 10 m, is incident normally on a dielectric plate
if its frequency is 30 MHz. having a thickness of 5 mm. If the phase
shift during transmission through the plate
(C)The electric and magnetic fields are in is 60°, then the dielectric constant of the
the z-direction. plate is __________. (Rounded off to the
nearest integer).
(D)The wavelength of an EM wave is 20 m,
if its frequency is 30 GHz. Q.22 A plane wave is having magnetic field
vector
Q.17 If the amplitude of the magnetic field of a
as
harmonic electromagnetic wave in a
vacuum is 1000 nT, then the amplitude of
.
the electric field of the wave is
________N/C. [Rounded off to the nearest Which of the following statement(s) is/are
integer] correct?

Q.18 Consider a uniform plane wave that is (A)The wavelength of the wave is 4.189 m
incident from the air on the glass at an
angle of 30° to the normal. For P- (B)The propagation constant of the wave is
polarization, the fraction of incident power (-0.2 – j1.5) m-1
that is reflected is _________(Rounded off
(C)The wave travels along the +x direction.
up to two decimal places)
(D)The wave travels along the +z direction.
[Assume that the glass has a refraction
index of 1.45, the air has a refractive index Q.23 An EM wave of frequency f = 0.5 MHz is
of 1, and the intrinsic impedance of air is traveling through a medium of
377 Ω ]
.
Q.19 Find the skin depth at for silver
Which of the following statement(s) is/are
with conductivity of and
correct?
relative permittivity 1.

(A)6.443 (B)64.43
 (A)Propagation constant, = j6.78 × 10-2 m-1 light in air. What is the relative permittivity
(B)Propagation constant, = j6.78 m-1 of the medium?

(C)Intrinsic Impedance, (A)1.73 (B)3

(D)Intrinsic Impedance,
(C)9 (D)1
Q.24 A good conductor is having
Q.30 The skin depth at 3 MHz is 5 cm. Calculate
conductivity at
the skin depth at 18 MHz.
frequency, f = 10 MHz and . The
skin depth is _____________ . (Up to 2 (A)1.8 cm (B)1.5 cm
decimal places)
(C)2.5 cm (D)2.04 cm
Q.25 A poor conductor is having conductivity
Q.31 The ratio of magnitude of conduction
and permittivity
current to displacement current is given by
. The relaxation time of the
conductor is ______ x 10-9 sec. (Up to 1 (A)Conduction ratio
decimal place) (B)Dissipation factor

Q.26 If a good conductor has conductivity 6.6 × (C)Loss tangent

107 S/m and relative permittivity of 1, then
the skin depth at a frequency of 11 GHz is- (D)Intrinsic ratio

(A)1.96 m Q.32 An electromagnetic wave is transmitted

(B)3.83 × 10-14 m into a conducting medium of conductivity
‘σ’.
(C)0.196 m
(D)3.83 pm Which one of the given statements is true
regarding the depth of penetration?
Q.27 The intrinsic impedance ' ' for free space
is given by- (A)It is directly proportional to frequency.

(B)It is inversely proportional to frequency.

(A) (B) (C)It is inversely proportional to the square
root of frequency.
(C) (D)
(D)It is directly proportional to the square
Q.28 A uniform plane wave is propagating in the
root of frequency.
air having the electric field component

as . Q.33 Polarization is a measure of-

The frequency of the operating wave is (A)Dielectric constant per unit volume
_____________ GHz (up to 3 decimal (B)Voltage gradient to produce electric
places). breakdown

Q.29 The velocity of light in certain non- (C)Product of charge and distance.
(D)Excess charge density.
magnetic medium is times of velocity of
Q.34 Which of the following statements are
correct?
 1. The net power flowing out of a given
volume is equivalent to the time rate
(A)
decrease in the energy stored with the
volume minus ohmic losses. (B)
2. The integration of the pointing vector (C)
over a closed surface will provide the total
power flowing. (D)

3. The Poynting vector is parallel to both Q.37 An EM wave travels in free space with the
and . electric field component-

4. The Poynting vector is time-invariant.

(A)1, 2, and 3. (B)2, 3, and 4. What will be the value of wavelength ‘ ’?

(C)1 and 2. (D)1, 2, and 4. (A)5.462 m

Q.35 Consider the following statements (B)6.283 m

regarding wave polarization:
(C)8.283 m
1. A uniform plane wave is considered to
(D)3.462 m
be linearly polarized when it has one
component and its transverse components Q.38 The correct statements about skin depth
are in the same phase. are-

2. The locus of the tip of the electric field is 1. Skin depth is a measure of the depth to
a function of time is regarded as the which an EM wave can penetrate the
polarization. medium.

3. The circular polarization occurs when 2. Skin depth is given as-

the magnitude of x and y components are
the same but the phase difference
between them is even multiple of .
3. The distance through which the wave
4. Circular polarization is a special case of
amplitude decreases to a factor (about
elliptical polarization.
37% of the original value) is called skin
Which of the above statements are depth or penetration depth of the
correct? medium.

(A)1 and 2 only. (B)1 and 3 only. i.e.

or
(C)1 and 4 only. (D)1, 2 and 4.

Q.36 The angle of transmission of a wave,

incident at an angle of 30° from air to
(A)1 and 2 only
Teflon
(B)1, 2 and 3
 (C)2 and 3 only of 1 mm. The capacitor is connected to 3/4
(D)None V, 2.4 GHz source. The displacement
current is __________mA. (Up to one
Q.39 The conduction current density in a lossy
decimal place).
dielectric medium is

. The
[Consider ]
displacement current density, if σ =
103 S/m and εr = 5.5, is- Q.44 A TEM wave has power density
of in a medium
(A)
with . The maximum
(B) value of electric field intensity is
________V/m.
(C)
Q.45 The electric and magnetic fields in a coaxial
(D) cable

Q.40 A copper conductor is having σ = 5.8 × 107

are
S/m and εr = μr = 1. If it supports a uniform
plane wave at a frequency of 50 Hz, then
and res
the propagation constant is-
pectively, where,
(A) b = radius of the outer conductor

(B) a = radius of the inner conductor

(C) The time average power (in Watts)

through the co-axial cable is-
(D)
(A)12.5 (B)25
Q.41 A plane wave traveling in air is incident
normally on a material with εr= 3 and μr (C)50 (D)75
=1. The correct statement(s) is/are-
Q.46 Consider the uniform plane wave in sea
(A)The reflection coefficient is -0.268 water having
(B)The transmission coefficient is 0.666 and . The
value of attenuation constant, (in Np/m)
(C)The reflection coefficient is – 0.333 at frequency of 20 kHz, is ______. (Correct
(D)The transmission coefficient is 0.731 up to three decimal places)
Q.42 .A polarized wave is incident from air to a Q.47 A plane wave traveling is +y direction in a
non-magnetic medium having εr = 6 and μr
lossy medium
= 1 at the Brewster angle. The angle of
)
incidence is _________ degrees. (Upto 2
decimal places). has at
. The distance travelled (in mm)
Q.43 A parallel plate air-filled capacitor has
by the wave to have a phase shift of is
plate area of 10-6 m2 and plate separation
_____ (Answer up to 3 decimals)
Q.48 An electromagnetic wave is propagating in Q.53 If the given parameters
the z-direction in a lossy medium. The are and .
attenuation constant is 0.55 Np/m and the The depth of the point at which the field
amplitude of the electric field of the wave strength for f = 30 kHz fall to 36.78% of
is 110 V/m at z = 0. How far will the wave that at the surface is
travel before the amplitude of the EM
wave reduce to 10 V/m? (A)168 m
(B)250 m
(A)4.35 cm (B)0.435 m
(C)150 m
(C)2.17 m (D)4.35 m (D)251 m

Q.49 A lossy material has . If Q.54 Evaluate the displacement current density
the frequency is and the phase (in pA/m2) in a current carrying conductor
constant is rad/m, then the correct with 1 A of current flowing in it. Assuming
statement(s) is/are a 50 Hz of frequency and wire is of copper
having conductivity, = 5.0 × 107 (mho/m)
(A)Loss tangent is 1823
and diameter 2 mm. Given = 8.854 × 10–
(B)Conductivity is 0.506 S/m 12
C/Nm2 as in vacuum.
(C)Loss tangent is 100
Q.55 Consider an electromagnetic wave with
(D)Conductivity is 9.54 S/m
electric field is
Q.50 The distance (in meters) a wave has to incident normally on the interface from
propagate in a medium having a skin depth region 1 as shown below-
of 0.2 m so that the amplitude of the wave
attenuates by 25dB is ____________. (up
to 3 decimal places)

Q.51 A uniform plane wave traveling in air is

normally incident on a dielectric medium.
The refractive index of the dielectric
medium is 1.48. The percentage of the
incident power that is reflected from the
air-dielectric interface is _________. (Up The electric field in region 2 is–
to 2 decimal places)
(A)
Q.52
If and
(B)
, the time
(C)
averaged pointing vector is-

(D)
(A)Null vector (B)
Q.56 A plane wave has an electric field given by
w
(C) (D)
 hich is propagating through a medium
having following
parameters:
. The wave impedance (in Ω) is
__________.

(Up to 2 decimal places)

Q.57 Determine the average power (in W and

up to two decimal places) crossing a
circular area having a radius of 350 cm in
the plane, where Z is constant.

The electric field in the free space is given

as –

Q.58 In a certain medium .A

plane wave is propagating such that the
electric field intensity of the wave
is
. The loss tangent of the medium will be
______.

Q.59 In free space complex electric field vector

of a uniform plane wave is given
by

The apparent wavelengths along the x, y

and z axes are .

Then ______ (m)

Answer Key Q.27 Ans. [A]

Q.28 Ans. [0.425]

Q.29 Ans. [C]

Q.1 Ans. [C]
Q.30 Ans. [D]
Q.2 Ans. [48.24]
Q.31 Ans. [C]
Q.3 Ans. [D]
Q.32 Ans. [C]
Q.4 Ans. [C]
Q.33 Ans. [B]
Q.5 Ans. [B]
Q.34 Ans. [D]
Q.6 Ans. [1.55]
Q.35 Ans. [D]
Q.7 Ans. [150]

Q.8 Ans. [D] Q.36 Ans. [C]

Q.9 Ans. [A] Q.37 Ans. [B]

Q.10 Ans. [0.83] Q.38 Ans. [B]

Q.11 Ans. [D] Q.39 Ans. [A]

Q.12 Ans. [0.072] Q.40 Ans. [C]

Q.13 Ans. [0.021] Q.41 Ans. [A, D]

Q.14 Ans. [B] Q.42 Ans. [80.53]

Q.15 Ans. [A, B]
Q.43 Ans. [0.1]
Q.16 Ans. [A, B]
Q.44 Ans. [22.97]
Q.17 Ans. [300]
Q.45 Ans. [B]
Q.18 Ans. [0.021]
Q.46 Ans. [0.794]
Q.19 Ans. [D]
Q.47 Ans. [8.325]
Q.20 Ans. [1508]
Q.48 Ans. [D]
Q.21 Ans. [4]
Q.49 Ans. [A, B]
Q.22 Ans. [A, C]
Q.50 Ans. [0.576]
Q.23 Ans. [A, C]
Q.51 Ans. [C]
Q.24 Ans. [28.13]
Q.52 Ans. [A]
Q.25 Ans. [265.5]
Q.53 Ans. [A]
Q.26 Ans. [C]
Q.54 Ans. [17.7]

Q.55 Ans. [C]

Q.56 Ans. [176.63]

Q.57 Ans. [103.36]

Q.58 Ans. [0.52]

Q.59 Ans. [70.57]

 4 Transmission Lines

MCQ, MSQ and NAT

Q.1 A 190 Ω lossless transmission line is and C = 120 pF/m. It operates at a

terminated by a load impedance (200 frequency of 500 MHz and the length
+ j110) Ω. If the wavelength is 75 cm, of the line is 100 cm.
then the voltage standing wave ratio
is _________. [Up to two decimal The phase constant and the phase
places] velocity respectively are-

Q.2 Consider a lossless transmission line (A)15.22 rad/m and 20.64 × 106 m/s
(B)20.64 rad/m and 1.52 × 108 m/s
of 100 cm in length and operating at a
frequency of 140 MHz. The line (C)10.32 rad/m and 3.04 × 108 m/s
parameters are L = 0.25 H/m and C = (D)20.64 rad/m and 6.59 × 106 m/s
80 pF/m.
Q.5 In a transmission line, determine the
Which of the following statement(s) SWR if a load impedance of 70 30°Ω
is/are correct? is connected to a 45 Ω characteristic
impedance.
(A)The phase velocity is 2.23 × 108
m/sec. (B)The characteristic (A)1.032 (B)1.921
impedance is 55.9 .
(C)2.048 (D)0.048
(C)The phase constant is 3.94 rad/m.
(D)None of the above Q.6 The conductors of a two-wire
transmission line have a radius of 0.5
Q.3 A lossless long transmission line of mm and their center-to-center
length 3.5 m is air-filled. The line has distance is 0.8 cm. The frequency is
a characteristic impedance of 150 MHz and , .
and is terminated by a short circuit.
The excitation frequency is 45 MHz. Which of the following statement(s)
The input impedance for the is/are correct?
transmission line (in ohms) is-
(Consider = 8.85 × 10−12 F/m)
(A)j156.15 (B)j120
(A)The dielectric constant or relative
(C)j59.7 (D)–j120 permittivity of the insulating medium
is if
Q.4 The line parameters of a lossless
transmission line are L = 0.36 H/m
 (B)The dielectric constant or relative current through load resistance
permittivity of the insulating respectively are-
medium if capacitance per
(A)150 Ω, 0.5 A (B)90 Ω, 0.55 A
unit length is C = 20 pF.
(C)90 Ω, 0.2 A (D)150 Ω, 0.33 A
(C) The dielectric constant or relative
permittivity of the insulating Q.9 A lossless transmission line is
medium if phase velocity is connected to a load composed of a 75
8
2.6 × 10 m/s. Ω resistor in series with a capacitor of
(D)The dielectric constant or relative capacitance C. The characteristic
permittivity of the insulating impedance is 50 Ω. If at 15 MHz
frequency, the VSWR is 3, then the
medium if Z0 = 300 .
capacitance (C) of the capacitor
Q.7 Which of the following is/are correct is_________________pF. [Up to two
for the lossless transmission line given decimal places].
below?

Q.10 Consider a 75 Ω lossless transmission

(A)The input impedance is 466 –
line terminated by a purely resistive
j205.6 Ω
load and the VSWR is 3. The possible
(B)The time average power dissipated values of ZL are-
in the generator internal impedance
(A)25 Ω (B)50 Ω
(Zg)is 1.33 W
(C)75 Ω (D)225 Ω
(C)The input impedance is 400 +
j205.6 Ω Q.11 If the magnitude of the short-circuit
input impedance and the
(D)The time average power dissipated
characteristic impedance is 25 Ω and
in the generator internal impedance
50 Ω respectively, then the open-
(Zg) is 0.96 W
circuit input impedance is
Q.8 A battery (50 V) having zero
(A)25 Ω (B)75 Ω
resistance is connected to a coaxial
line which has a characteristic (C)100 Ω (D)50 Ω
impedance of 60 and the other end
is terminated with an unknown Q.12 A transmission line is operating at 30
resistive load. The voltage at the load MHz with 10 μH/m inductance and 40
end is 60 V. The load resistance or pF/m capacitance per unit length of
load impedance, and steady-state the line. If the line is 50 cm in length,
 then its electrical path length is The correct statement(s) is/are-
_______π (radians).
(A)Resistance per unit length
[Up to one decimal place] is

Q.13 A short-circuited stub is shunt (B)Inductance per unit length

connected to a transmission line as is
shown in the figure below.
(C)Conductance per unit length is 0
S/m

(D)Capacitance per unit length is 80.3

F/m

Q.16 Consider an unloaded underground

cable at audio frequency. It has the
following constants.

If the characteristic impedance is 70

Ω, then the admittance Y seen at the
junction of the stub and the
transmission line is

(A)(0.014 – j0.01) Then at 400Hz,

(B)(0.01 – j0.014)
(A)
(C)(0.014 + j0.01)
(D)(0.01 + j0.014)
(B)
Q.14 Calculate the length and the input
impedance of a quarter-wave
(C)
transformer that will match a 150 Ω
load to a line with a characteristic
impedance of 75 Ω at a frequency of (D)
110 GHz.

(A)0.068 mm and 37.5 Ω Q.17 A transmission line with a

(B)0.68 m and 3.75 Ω characteristic impedance of 60 Ω is
connected to a load that provides a
(C)0.0068 cm and 3.75 Ω
reflection coefficient of 0.375. If the
(D)0.068 cm and 37.5 Ω
input to the line is 10 V, then the total
Q.15 A rigid coaxial air line at 2 MHz has an power delivered to the load
inner and outer conductor diameter is________________mW. (Up to 1
of 0.5 cm and 1 cm respectively. The decimal place)
conductors are made up of copper
.
Q.18 Which of the following statement(s)
is/are correct for a lossless Q.22 For a transmission line, if
transmission line? , then the VSWR of the line is-

(A)Zin = -jZ0 for an open line with (A) (B)2

Ɩ = /2. (C)0.5 (D)1

(B)Zin = jZ0 for a shorted line with Q.23 The reflection coefficient of a short-
circuited line for voltage is-
Ɩ = /8.
(A)-1 (B)+1
(C) for a shorted line with
(C)0.5 (D)Zero
Ɩ = /4
Q.24 The range of VSWR and reflection
(D)Zin = Z0 for a matched line of any coefficient respectively are -
length.
(A) to and to
Q.19 Which of the following statement(s) (B) to and to
is/are correct for a distortion-less
transmission line? (C) to and to
(D) to and to
(A)
(B) Q.25 When VSWR is 2, the magnitude of
the reflection coefficient is____.
(C)

(A) (B)
(D)

Q.20 A 25Ω transmission line is terminated

(C) (D)1
with an open-circuited load. The
correct statement(s) is/are Q.26 The VSWR of the system in which
voltmeter readings at maxima and
(A) minima are 64 mV and 32 mV
respectively will be –
(B) VSWR is
[Assume that the square-law
(C)
detector is used to detect the signal
(D) VSWR is 1 level]

Q.21 The intrinsic impedance ' ' for free (A)0 (B)4
space is given by-
(C)1 (D)2

Q.27 The reflection coefficient for the line

A) (B) having characteristic impedance of
300 and load impedance is
(C) (D)
is -
 (A)0.33 (B)1.33 phase constant is frequency
independent.
(C)3 (D)3.33
Q.31 A lossless transmission line has Z0 =
Q.28 Consider a lossless line having
100 Ω and it is operating at ω = 100
characteristic impedance of 75 Ω and
Mrad/sec. If the phase velocity on the
phase constant of 5 rad/m at
line is 2.4 × 108 m/sec, then the
frequency 150 MHz. The inductance
distributed parameters L and C are
per meter of the line is approximately
respectively-
-
(A)0.50 μH/m & 35 pF/m
(A)398 nH/m (B)350 nH/m
(B)0.35 μH/m & 50 pF/m
(C)70.73 nH/m (D)293 nH/m
(C)41.6 μH/m & 4.166 pF/m
Q.29 A transmission line (60 Ω) is (D)0.416 μH/m & 41.66 pF/m
terminated by a (100 + j80)Ω, the
Q.32 A 40 Ω lossless line connects a signal
maximum impedance over the line is -
to a load of 60 Ω. The VSWR
(A)100 Ω (B)200 Ω is_________(up to 1 decimal place).

(C)180 Ω (D)120 Ω Q.33 The return loss (in dB) of transmission

line having the voltage standing wave
Q.30 Choose the incorrect statement ratio (VSWR) equal to 7, is ________.
regarding transmission lines.
Q.34 Which of the following statement(s)
(A)The characteristic impedance of is/are valid for perfectly matched load
the line is the ratio of the positively condition?
traveling voltage wave to the current
wave at any point on the line. (A)The transmission line having a

(B)A transmission line is said to be length less than and short circuited
lossless if the conductors of the line at far end behaves as capacitance.
are
(B)The characteristics impedance Z0 of
perfect and the dielectric a line is calculated when the length is
medium separating them is lossless equivalent to its wavelength.

(C)The standing wave ratio is 1.

(C)A distortionless line is one in which
(D)The transmission line of
the attenuation constant is
frequency independent while the
phase constant is linearly length short-circuited at for end
dependent on frequency. behaves as parallelly tuned circuit.

(D)A distortionless line is one in which Q.35 A distortion-less transmission line

the attenuation constant is linearly has resistance of 0.08 Ω per unit
dependent on frequency and the length and characteristic impedance
of 80 Ω . What will be the attenuation
constant (in Np /m)?
 (Up to 3 decimal places) Q.38 Consider a transmission line of 150 m
length and a characteristic impedance
Q.36 The minimum value of VSWR that
of 600 , operating at 400 kHz with
may exist on a transmission line is
= 2.4 × 10–3 Np/m. It supplies a load
(A)1 (B)0 impedance of ZR = 424.3 45°
and = 0.0212 rad m –1.
(C)10 (D)-1
The ZS for the given transmission line
Q.37 A 100 m long transmission line is at a length of 150 m is-
shown in figure below.
(A)600 20.8°
(B)116.6 90°

(C)502.7 22.8°
(D)–0.09 0.20°

Q.39 Distance of the first voltage maximum

and first current maximum from the
load on a lossless transmission
It is terminated with a load RL. The
line are respectively 4.5 cm and 1.5
line is connected to a 200V source
cm. If the standing wave ratio on the
having source resistance Rs connected
transmission line is S = 3 then the load
through a switch which closes at t = 0.
impedance connected to the
The transient response of the circuit transmission line will be
at input of the line (x = 0) is given
(A)
below-
(B)

(C)
(D)

Q.40 A transmission line of length l is short

circuited at one end open circuited at
the other end. The incorrect voltage
standing wave pattern in the
transmission line will be

Which of the following statement(s)

is/are correct?

(A)
(B)
(A)
(C)Transient time = 1 sec

(D) Reflection coefficient at load,

(B)
 (C)

Q.44 A lossless transmission line of

length has been terminated with a

normalized load impedance of (0.4 – j
(D)
0.3). The input impedance is of
Q.41 At t = 0 a 50 Volt D. C. source with an the line and magnitude of reflection
internal resistance is connected coefficient is . Choose the correct
to a transmission line of option/options.
characteristic impedance having a
(A)
load of . The steady state load
current for the transmission line is (B)
____ Ampere.
(C)
(D)

Q.42

The points P, Q, and R are marked on

the smith chart represents/shows

(A)R = Short circuit for impedance

smith chart

(B)Q = (1, 0) means ZL = 1

(C)P = Short circuit for susceptance

smith chart

(D)Q = ZL is infinity

Q.43 The input impedance of the

transmission line configuration given
below is _________. (Given
)
Answer Key Q.22 Ans. [A]

Q.23 Ans. [A]

Q.24 Ans. [C]

Q.1 Ans. [1.75]
Q.25 Ans. [B]
Q.2 Ans. [A, B, C]
Q.26 Ans. [D]
Q.3 Ans. [C]
Q.27 Ans. [A]
Q.4 Ans. [B]
Q.28 Ans. [A]
Q.5 Ans. [C]
Q.29 Ans. [C]
Q.6 Ans. [A, B]
Q.30 Ans. [D]
Q.7 Ans. [A, D]
Q.8 Ans. [B] Q.31 Ans. [D]
Q.9 Ans. [160.4] Q.32 Ans. [1.5]

Q.10 Ans. [A, D] Q.33 Ans. [2.498]

Q.11 Ans. [C] Q.34 Ans. [C, D]

Q.12 Ans. [0.6] Q.35 Ans. [0.001]

Q.13 Ans. [B] Q.36 Ans. [A]

Q.14 Ans. [D]
Q.37 Ans. [A, C]
Q.15 Ans. [A, C]
Q.38 Ans. [C]
Q.16 Ans. [D]
Q.39 Ans. [C]
Q.17 Ans. [295.9]
Q.40 Ans. [A, B, D]
Q.18 Ans. [B, C, D]
Q.41 Ans. [0.67]
Q.19 Ans. [B, C, D] Q.42 Ans. [A, B]

Q.20 Ans. [B, C] Q.43 Ans. [12.5]

Q.21 Ans. [A] Q.44 Ans. [A, C]

MCQ, MSQ and NAT




 5 Waveguides

MCQ, MSQ and NAT

Q.1 A rectangular waveguide operating in the cut-off frequency in TE01 mode.

TE11 mode has dimensions 5 cm and 4 The required dimensions of the
cm. waveguide are-

The cut-off frequency is ________ (A)10 mm × 11 mm

GHz. (Up to two decimal places).
(B)10 mm × 9 mm
Q.2 A circular waveguide with an inner
diameter of 6.4 cm is operating in a (C)1.1 mm × 8.9 mm
(D)11 mm × 9 mm
dominant mode. The cut-off
frequency is __________GHz. Q.6 An S-band waveguide with the
(Rounded off up to two decimal dimensions of 6.980 cm × 3.202 cm, is
places). lossless, has air as the dielectric
medium, and operates in the
Q.3 Consider a rectangular waveguide
dominant mode. The wave
operating in TEmn mode where n = 1
propagates in the +z direction at 2.4
and the cut-off frequency is 7.5 GHz.
GHz. If the excitation level of the
The dimensions of the given
waveguide are 4cm x 2cm. The value electric field is 10 kV/m, then the
average transmitted power is
of ‘m’ is_____________. (Rounded off
_______ W. (up to 3 decimal places)
up to nearest integer)
Q.7 For the dominant mode of operation
Q.4 A standard rectangular waveguide is
operating in TM11 mode. The aspect in an air-filled circular waveguide with
an inner diameter of 4 cm, the cutoff
ratio of 2:1 is considered, and the
frequency is________ GHz.(Up to
smaller dimension of the waveguide is
2 cm. The cut-off wavelength is- three decimal places)

(A)0.357 m (B)3.57 cm Q.8 The guided wavelength(in cm) for a

rectangular waveguide having internal
(C)0.035 cm (D)3.57 m dimensions of 4.5 cm × 3 cm
is________.[Rounded off up to one
Q.5 An air-filled rectangular waveguide is
decimal place]. Assume that a 12 GHz
constructed to operate in TE10 mode signal is propagating in the dominant
having a cut-off frequency of 13.6
mode.
GHz. The same waveguide is now to
be operated in TE01 mode with an Q.9 The cut-off wavelength for
operating frequency of 15 GHz. This TE20 mode for a standard rectangular
operating frequency is 10% less than waveguide is-
 (A)2/a (B)a Reason (R): For a TEM wave to exist
within the waveguide, lines of the H
(C)2a (D)2a2
field must be closed loops that
Q.10 A rectangular waveguide is working in require an axial component of E which
TE mode. If the cut-off frequency of is not present in a TEM wave.
the dominant mode is 9 GHz, then the (A)Both Assertion(A) and Reason(A)
inner dimension(a) of the wall is- are true and Reason(R) is the correct
(A)1.67 cm (B)1.67 mm explanation of Assertion(R).

(C)3.33 mm (D)3.33 cm (B)Both Assertion(A) and Reason(R)

are true but Reason(R) is not the
Q.11 An air-filled parallel-plate waveguide correct explanation of Assertion(A).
has the signal frequency of 2.5 GHz
with the separation of 5 cm. For (C)Assertion(A) is true but Reason(R)
mode, the cut-off frequency is- is false.

(A)7.5 GHz (D)Assertion(A) is false but Reason(R)

(B)4.5 GHz is true

(C)6 GHz Q.15 Match List I with List II and the correct
(D) 9 GHz answer using the codes given below the lists-

Q.12 A section of a rectangular waveguide

of cross-section is to
be used as a delay line in a radar at 10
GHz. What should be the length of the
section for the delay of 10 nsec?
(A)A-1 B-1 C-2 D-3
(A)19.8 m (B)1.98 m
(B)A-1 B-2 C-2 D-3
(C)0.99 m (D)198 m
(C)A-2 B-2 C-3 D-3
Q.13 Calculate the cut-off frequency for a (D)A-3 B-1 C-2 D-2
waveguide having dimensions a =
Q.16 The cut-off frequency for a circular
3cm, , in mode.
waveguide having 4 cm of inner
(A)5 GHz diameter and operating in a dominant
(B)31.6 GHz mode will be -

(C)10 GHz (A)4.3 GHz (B)2.1 GHz

(D)15.8 GHz
(C) (D)0.43 GHz
Q.14 Assertion (A): TEM (Transfer Electro-
Q.17 Assertion (A): A transmission line
Magnetic) waves cannot Propagate
supports TEM mode whereas the
within a hollow waveguide of any
waveguides cannot support TEM
shape.
modes.
 Reason (R): TEM mode can exist only Q.20 An a × b rectangular waveguide is
where there are two conductors and operating in four different modes as
cross-sectional dimensions are large , and . If a
in comparison to the operating = 2b then the ascending order of the
wavelength. operating modes for their cut-off
frequencies will be
(A)Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is
the correct explanation of (A). (A)
(B)
(B)Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is
NOT the correct explanation of (A). (C)
(D)
(C)Statement (A) is true but (R) is
false. Q.21 Which of the following statement(s)
is/are not true?
(D)Statement (A) is false but (R) is
true. (A)The TE10 mode has highest
attenuation among all modes in a
Q.18 A parallel-plate waveguide is filled
rectangular waveguide.
with air and the distance between the
plates is 40 mm. At a frequency of 5 (B)In a waveguide: Guided
GHz, the mode(s) that can propagate wavelength < Intrinsic wavelength
in the waveguide is/are-

(A)TM0 (B)TM1 (C) Group velocity

(C)TE1 (D)TM2 (D)For infinite length transmission
Q.19 Consider a circular waveguide that line, input impedance < Z0.
has d as its cross-sectional diameter. Q.22 An air filled rectangular waveguide
Which one of the following options is with dimension of 8cm × 5cm
correct for the ratio of cut-off operates in the TM23 mode at 10GHz.
frequencies of TE and TM mode of The characteristic wave impedance is
operation to be least?
(A) (B)
(A)It is dependent on the root of
Bessel harmonics. (C) (D)

(B)It is dependent on the derivatives Q.23 An air filled rectangular waveguide

of Bessel harmonics. having inner dimensions of 4cm
3cm. If waveguide is operating at
(C)It is dependent on the derivatives 15GHz, then the wave impedance of
of Bessel harmonics & value is less TE20 mode of wave propagation in the
than unity. waveguide is ___________ . (Up to 2
(D)It is dependent only on Bessel decimal places)
harmonics. Q.24 The magnetic field of the TE11 mode
of the rectangular waveguide having a
× b as dimension is defined
 as ,
where x and y are in cm.

The cut-off frequency for this

case is ________(in GHz).

Q.25 Evaluate the peak value of the electric

field (in V/m and up to three decimal
places) in an air-filled waveguide of
dimensions of 4.8 cm × 2.2 cm. The
waveguide transports the energy of
4mW in the dominant mode and the
frequency rate of operation is 12 GHz.

Q.26 A TM mode wave operating at 15 GHz

is propagated in an air-filled
rectangular wave guide. If a field
component of the wave is given as,

Then cutoff frequency (in GHz) of the

operating mode is ______. (Rounded
off to the nearest integer)
Answer Key

Q.1 Ans. [4.8]

Q.2 Ans. [2.74]

Q.3 Ans. [0]

Q.4 Ans. [B]

Q.5 Ans. [D]

Q.6 Ans. [65.99]

Q.7 Ans. [4.395]

Q.8 Ans. [2.6]

Q.9 Ans. [B]

Q.10 Ans. [A]

Q.11 Ans. [C]

Q.12 Ans. [B]

Q.13 Ans. [D]

Q.14 Ans. [A]

Q.15 Ans. [A]

Q.16 Ans. [A]

Q.17 Ans. [C]

Q.18 Ans. [A, B, C]

Q.19 Ans. [D]

Q.20 Ans. [A]

Q.21 Ans. [A, B, D]

Q.22 Ans. [A]

Q.23 Ans. [435.32]

Q.24 Ans. [8.7]

Q.25 Ans. [76.916]

Q.26 Ans. [9]



6 Antennas

MCQ, MSQ and NAT

Q.1 The radiated power from an antenna (C)Operating frequency= 500 MHz

whose radiation resistance is 400 (D) Efficiency= 49.45%

operating at a frequency of 2 GHz and Q.4 Calculate the Null-to-Null beam width

with a current of 3.5 Amperes is (BWFN) of a broadside array, if the

________W. [Rounded off up to the number of elements is 100 and the

nearest integer].
spacing between the elements is
Q.2 The effective area of a Hertzian dipole
(A)0.401 radians.
antenna operating at 125 MHz
(B)0.026 radians.
is______m2. (Rounded off up to two
(C)0.807 radians.
decimal places).
(D)0.046 radians.
{Consider directivity of Hertzian
Q.5 The radiation resistance of a current
dipole as 1.5}
carrying element whose overall length
Q.3 For a half-wave dipole antenna, if the

directivity is 1.64, ohmic resistance is is is-

0.8 and the effective area is 0.047 (A)0.340

m2, then- (B)0.110

[Consider radiation resistance as 73 (C)0.219

] (D)0.475

(A)Operating frequency= 250 MHz Q.6 Consider that the transmitting and

(B)Efficiency= 98.91% receiving antennas are separated by

 250 distance and the directive gains at frequency of 7 GHz

are 316.23 and 63.1 respectively. If is_____________. (Rounded off to the

the received power is 5 mW, then the nearest integer).

minimum transmitted power will [Consider that the aperture efficiency

be_________watts. (Rounded off up or aperture coefficient is 0.85]

to three decimal places). Q.10 A radiating antenna operating at 20

Q.7 Consider a radar antenna operating at MHz has a radiation resistance of 50

2.5 GHz and radiating power of 300 Ω. It is fed with an r.m.s. current of 15

kW. The effective aperture is 10 m2. A and the bandwidth is 400 kHz.

What will be the received power by Which of the following is correct?

an antenna, if the target radar cross- A)The quality factor is 20.

section is 30 m2 and is at a distance of (B)The power radiated is 11.25 W.

500 km? (C)The quality factor is 50.

(A)57.15 × 1016 W (D)The power radiated is 11.25 kW

(B)57.15 × 10-16 W Q.11 Consider an isotropic antenna

(C)79.57 × 1015 W radiating in free space. At a distance

(D)79.57 × 10-15 W of 110 meters from the antenna, the

Q.8 The Polarization loss factor - total electric field (E0) is measured to

(A)is the same as power dissipation. be 10 V/m. The power radiated will

(B)occurs due to polarization be____________kW. [Up to two

mismatch. decimal places].

(C)causes loss of EM power. Q.12 Which of the following statements

(D)At no polarization mismatch, the given in options regarding arrays

value of PLF is 1. is/are correct?

Q.9 The directivity of an antenna with

circular aperture of diameter 4 meter

 (A)In a broadside array, the maximum the radiation efficiency of 98 %, and

radiation occurs in a direction diameter of 0.2 m. The effective

perpendicular to the array axis. aperture of the antenna is______ m2.

(B)The directivity of the end-fire (Up to 1 decimal place)

Q.16 A Hertzian dipole antenna of length

antenna array is described as .
0.02 m is operating at a frequency of
(C)Broadside arrays are used for
90 MHz. To radiate 110 W of power
transmission purposes.
the peak value of the required current
(D)End-fire arrays are used for
is __________ A.
reception.
Q.17 Consider the following statements
Q.13 A Hertzian dipole antenna of
about an antenna.
length is having total loss
1. It is a transducer
resistance of . The antenna
2. Its performance is essentially
efficiency is-
frequency sensitive.
(A)88.7%
3. It is a reciprocal device.
(B)96.1%
4. With an increase in its effective
(C)68.0%
aperture area, width of the radiated
(D)72.5%
beam increases.
Q.14 A parabolic antenna is having a power
Which of the above statements are correct?
gain of 1600 at the wavelength of 0.6
(A)1, 2 and 3
m, then the half-power beamwidth (in
(B)1, 2 and 4
degree) is________ (Up to 2 decimal
(C) 2, 3 and 4 only
places)
(D)1, 2, 3 and 4 only
Q.15 A reflector antenna used for a
Q.18 A Yagi-Uda antenna has a driven
communication base station operates
antenna with-
at 19 GHz with a power gain of 40 dB,
 (A) Only directors (C)0.075

(B) only a reflector (D)0.574

(C) only one or more directors Q.22 Choose the correct statements for an

(D) a reflector and one or more antenna field-

directors
1. Far field is represented by
Q.19 The directivity of the loop antenna
2. Induction field is represented
having 0.5 m radius and operating at

1.2 MHz frequency is - by

(A)3 3. Electrostatic field is represented

(B)0.012
by
(C)1

(D)1.5 4. Far field is represented by

Q.20 The effective area of a Hertzian dipole (A)1, 2 and 3 only

antenna which is operating at 120 (B)2 and 4 only

MHz of frequency will be - (C)1 and 3 only

(A) (D)3 and 4 only

(B) Q.23 If a loop antenna with loop radius 0.8

(C) m is made up of copper wire of radius

(D) 8 mm ,the loop radiates at 7.5 MHz,

Q.21 The electric field intensity (in V/m) at carries current 30A and conductivity

a distance of 5 km form an antenna of 6 × 107 S. The radiation resistance,

having a directive gain of 5 dB and radiation power and radiation

radiating a total power of 10 kW is- efficiency will be, respectively -

(A)0.194 (A) and

(B)0.094 (B) and

 (C) and Q.27 The radiation intensity of an antenna

(D) and is given by-

Q.24 If an antenna in free space receives

the power of 6µW when the incident

The directivity of antenna is-
RMS electric field is 30 mV/meter,
(A)18.06 dB
then the effective aperture (in m2) of
(B)9.03 dB
the antenna is -
(C)12.05 dB
(A)3
(D)24.1 dB
(B)1.25
Q.28 Consider that the two Hertzian
(C)5
dipoles are placed orthogonal to each
(D)2.52
other and are fed by currents of equal
Q.25 The current in a short circuit element
amplitude with a phase difference of
of length is given by
90°.

The far electric field is given as –

What will be the radiation resistance

(in ) of the element____ (Answer The far zone magnetic field intensity

up to 1 decimal)? and maximum directivity will be -

Q.26 Consider a parabolic dish antenna

(A)
with conical beam 5° wide. The

directivity of the antenna is _____ (in

(B)
dB).

(A)1650.12 (C)

(B)16
(D)
(C)32.17

(D)36.5
Q.29 Maximum electric field strength

radiated by an antenna is 6mV/m

measured at 40 km from the antenna.

If the antenna radiates a total power

of 100 kW, then the directivity of

antenna is

(A)-2.02 dB

(B)9.6 dB

(C) 0.0096 dB

(D)-20 .18 dB

Q.30 The field Radiation pattern of an

antenna is given as

Directivity of antenna is dB, (correct

up to two decimal points)

Answer Key Q.20 ` Ans. [A]

Q.21 Ans. [C]

Q.22 Ans. [B]

Q.1 Ans. [4900]
Q.23 Ans. [A]
Q.2 Ans. [0.69]
Q.24 Ans. [D]
Q.3 Ans. [B, C]
Q.25 Ans. [0.4]
Q.4 Ans. [B]
Q.26 Ans. [C]
Q.5 Ans. [C]
Q.27 Ans. [B]
Q.6 Ans. [2.473]
Q.28 Ans. [B, C, D]
Q.7 Ans. [D]
Q.29 Ans. [D]
Q.8 Ans. [B, C, D]
Q.30 Ans. [12.55]
Q.9 Ans. [72594]

Q.10 Ans. [C, D]

Q.11 Ans. [20.16]

Q.12 Ans. [A, B, C]

Q.13 Ans. [B]

Q.14 Ans. [4.29]

Q.15 Ans. [0.2]

Q.16 Ans. [88.62]

Q.17 Ans. [A]

Q.18 Ans. [D]

Q.19 Ans. [D]



7 Optical Fibres

MCQ, MSQ and NAT

Q.1 Consider a silica optical fiber with a possible core diameter is

core diameter large enough to be ______ which allows single-
considered by ray theory analysis that mode operation at a wavelength of
has a core refractive index of 1.50 and 1.3 . (Rounded off up to two
a cladding refractive index of 1.47. decimal places)
The acceptance angle in the air for the Q.5 A step-index multimode optical fiber
fiber will be__________ degree. has a diameter of 7.5 μm and the
(Rounded off up to two decimal refractive indices of core and cladding
places) are 1.49 and 1.3 respectively. The
Q.2 If an optical fiber in the air has a 0.4 number of modes(approximately) that
numerical aperture, then the can propagate into the fiber if the
difference between the acceptance wavelength of the source is 2.5 μm is
angle for meridional rays and the _________(Rounded off up to the
skew rays which change the direction nearest integer)
by 100° at each reflection is Q.6 The critical angle (in degrees) when
___________degrees. (Rounded off the core refractive index is 1.35 and
up to two decimal places) the relative refractive index difference
Q.3 Determine the refractive index of is 3 % is-
cladding in an optical fiber with a (A) (B)
critical angle of 80° and the refractive (C) (D)
index of the core is 1.45. Q.7 The maximum acceptance angle for a
(A)2.01 (B)1.85 fiber having core refractive index of
(C)1.11 (D)1.42 1.45 and cladding refractive index of
Q.4 A graded-index fiber with a parabolic 1.4 is _______.
refractive index profile core has a (A)11.09° (B)22.18°
refractive index of 1.5 and the relative (C)44.36° (D)30°
index difference is 1%. The maximum
Q.8 Assertion(A): Total internal reflection (3) Constant-radius bends.
is only happened if core refractive (4) Thermal contractions between
index is cladding and core materials.
less than cladding refractive index. Which of these statements are
Reason(R): Internal dispersion is correct?
arising due to presence of multiple (A) 1, 2 and 3.
path for (B) 1, 3 and 4.
light transmission in fiber. (C) 1, 2 and 4.
(A)Both A and R are true, and R is the (D) 2, 3 and 4.
correct explanation of A. Q.12 The multipath time dispersion of a
(B)Both A and R are true, but R is not glass fiber with refractive indices of
correct explanation of A. core and cladding as 1.5 and 1 will be-
(C)A is true but R is false. (A) 2.5 ns/m
(D)A is false but R is true. (B) 3.5 ns/m
Q.9 During an experiment, optical fiber (C) 4 ns/m
used has a critical angle of 60. What (D) 5 ns/m
will be the numerical aperture for the Q.13 Light pulses propagate through a fiber
given optical fiber. cable with an attenuation of 0.25
(A) 0.763 (B) 0.5 dB/km. Determine the distance (in
(C) 0.707 (D) 0.867 km) through which the power of
Q.10 The number of subscribers an optical pulses is reduced by 60%.
fiber communication system working (A) 1591 (B) 159.1
on a wavelength of 1.2 mm can feed, (C) 1.591 (D) 15.91
if a channel requires 10 kHz is- Q.14 An optical fiber has V-parameter or
(A) 1.15 × 1010 Normalized frequency as 10. Find the
10
(B)10 number of modes supported by the
(C)2.3 × 1010 fiber and percentage power in the
(D)2.5 × 1010 cladding respectively.
Q.11 Consider the following statements – (A)50 and 12.45
The radiation losses are caused (B)100 and 20.42
mainly by - (C)100 and 16.32
(1) Impurities in the fiber material. (D)50 and 18.86
(2) Bending of the fiber by geometric Q.15 A step-index fiber has a core
imperfections. refractive index of 1.56 and a
numerical aperture of 0.19. If the core
diameter is 70 μm, then the number
of modes that the fiber can propagate
at a wavelength of 0.7 μm is_______.
(Rounded off to the nearest integer).
Answer Key

Q.1 Ans. [17.37]

Q.2 Ans. [14.91]
Q.3 Ans. [D]
Q.4 Ans. [4.68]
Q.5 Ans. [23]
Q.6 Ans. [D]
Q.7 Ans. [B]
Q.8 Ans. [D]
Q.9 Ans. [D]
Q.10 Ans. [D]
Q.11 Ans. [D]
Q.12 Ans. [A]
Q.13 Ans. [D]
Q.14 Ans. [D]
Q.15 Ans. [1781]

MCQ, MSQ and NAT