EEE3090F (2023): Class Test 1

MEMO

Time: 60 minutes
Marks: 30 marks
This memo consists of 9 pages. Answer all the questions on the answer booklet provided. If
you require extra paper, please use the blank pages at the end of the answer booklet.

EE3090F Class Test 1 (2023) Page 1 of 9

Question 1 [6 marks]

Consider the analogue circuit shown in Fig. 1.

Figure 1: A circuit diagram of an analogue circuit

1.1 Name the circuit shown in Fig. 1. [1]

A difference amplifier

1.2 Derive the expression of the output voltage 𝑣𝑜 in terms of resistor values 𝑅1 , 𝑅2 , 𝑅3 , 𝑅4 and the input voltages 𝑣𝐼1
and 𝑣𝐼2 . Show all your working. [5]

Since there are two inputs, the principle of superposition may be used to obtain the final expression of the output
voltage.

Set Vl1 = 0 and obtain expression for the output voltage V02
• Voltage at non-inverting terminal of the op-amp is given by: V+ = R4/(R4 + R3) Vl2
• Circuit is a non-inverting amplifier with input voltage at the non-inverting terminal given by expression
V+ = 𝑉𝐼2 R4/(R4 + R3). Output voltage given by
o VO2 = V+ (1 + R2/R1)
o VO2 = R4/(R4 + R3) (1 + R2/R1) Vl2

Set Vl2 = 0 and obtain expression for the output voltage V01

• Circuit is an inverting amplifier

• Output voltage can be expressed as VO1 = -R2/R1 Vl1

Combine V01 and V02 to obtain the final output voltage VO

• Vo = V01 and V02

• Vo = -R2/R1 Vl1 + R4/(R4 + R3) (1 + R2/R1) Vl2

EE3090F Class Test 1 (2023) Page 2 of 9

Question 2 [6 marks]

Consider the BJT circuit in Fig. 2.

Figure 2: A circuit diagram with a BJT

Determine the region of operation of the BJR in Fig. 2. Assume VCE(sat) = 0.2V, VBE = 0.7 V and  = 50. Show all working.

[6 marks]

Calculate the minimum collector current for the BJT to just enter the saturation region:
KVL: Vcc – Ic Rc – VCE(sat) = 0
Ic = (Vcc - VCE(sat))/Rc
Ic = (10 – 0.2)/500
= 19.6 mA

Calculate the corresponding minimum base current for the BJT to just enter the saturation region

IB = Ic / 
IB = 0.196 /50
= 0.392 mA

Thus, if the actual base current is more than 0.392 mA, the BJT will be in the saturation region.

Calculate the actual base current

KVL: VBB – IB RB – VBE = 0
IB = (VBB - VBE )/ RB
IB = (3.3 – 0.7)/500
= 5.2 mA
Since the actual base current of IB = 5.1 mA is more than 19.6 mA that is required for the BJT to enter saturation, the
BJT is in the saturation region.

EE3090F Class Test 1 (2023) Page 3 of 9

Question 3 [13 marks]

Consider the active filter in Fig. 3.

Figure 3: Circuit diagram of an active filter

3.1 Calculate the resistor and capacitor values in the circuit to achieve a Bessel response that has a -3 dB cut-off
frequency of 7 kHz. You are limited to choosing only 5.6 nF capacitors with  10 % tolerance. Choose standard
values for resistors ( 5 % tolerance). See table on the last page for list of standard component values. Choose up
to two standard resistors when approximating an exact resistor value. Ensure that the resistor combination is
within 2% of the goal.
[6]

EE3090F Class Test 1 (2023) Page 4 of 9

Consider the active filter with a Bessel response in Fig. 4 with R7 = 3.192 k, C3 = 5.6 nF, R9 = 10 k and R8 = 2.68 k.

Figure 4: Circuit diagram of an active filter

3.2 Draw the approximate magnitude versus frequency graph for both the active filer shown in Fig. 3 and the active
filter shown in Fig. 4 on the same axes. Label all axes and annotate all important features on the filter response
curve: -3dB cut-off frequency, passband gain in dB, roll-off rates in dB/decade. The graph does not need to be
drawn perfectly to scale. Show all working. [7]

EE3090F Class Test 1 (2023) Page 5 of 9

For the active filter with a Bessel response in Fig 4. calculate the -3dB cut-off frequency and the passband gain

• For a 2nd order Bessel filter: fn = 1.272 and K = 1.268

• Solve for the -3dB cut-off frequency, fc
o R7 C3 = 1/(2 fc fn )
o fc = 1/(2 R7 C3 fn )
o fc = 1/(2 (3.192 k) (5.6nF) (1.272) )
o fc = 7 kHz
• Passband gain
o Passband gain = 20 log10 (K)
o Passband gain = 20 log10 (1.268)
o Passband gain = 2.06 dB

For the active filter with a Bessel response in Fig 3. calculate the passband gain

• Passband gain
o Passband gain = 20 log10 (K1 x K2)
o Passband gain = 20 log10 (1.084 x 1.759)
o Passband gain = 5.61 dB

EE3090F Class Test 1 (2023) Page 6 of 9

Question 4 [5 marks]

You have been asked to design a non-inverting amplifier to magnify a single input sinusoidal signal with a gain of
30 dB. The frequency of the input sinusoidal signal can be changed by the user. You are considering using an op-amp
that has a minimum slew rate of 8 V/s and a typical slew rate of 10 V/s. Calculate the range of frequencies of the
input signal that can be amplified without distortion due to the slew rate of the op-amp.

Assume that the amplitude of an input sinusoid is 2 mV and when the op-amp is used in a non-inverting configuration,
the gain-bandwidth product of the amplifier has an ideal value of infinity. In your answer consider the worst-case slew-
rate value of the op-amp. [5]

Convert from gain in dB to linear gain

• 20 log 10 (Vout/Vin) = 30
• Vout/Vin = 10^(30/20)
• Vout/Vin = 31.623

Generic expression for input signal: Vin = 0.002 sin(2f1t)

Generic expression of the output signal: Vout = 0.002 x 31.623 sin(2f1t)

= 0.063246 sin(2f1t)

Maximum of d Vout/dt = 0.063246 (2  f1)

Worst case slew rate of LM837 corresponds to the minimum value of 8 V/s

To prevent distortion, the maximum of d Vout/dt should be less than or equal to the worst case slew rate of LM837

Thus, Minimum slew rate of LM837  0.063246 (2  f1)

f1 ≤ Minimum slew rate/(0.063246 (2 )

f1 ≤ 8 V/s / (0.063246 (2 ) )

f1 ≤ 20.132/s

f1 ≤ 20.132 MHz

Thus, range of frequencies are from 0 Hz to 20.132 MHz

EE3090F Class Test 1 (2023) Page 7 of 9

 EEE3090F: Formulas and Instructions

Unless stated otherwise in a particular question, assume the following:

• The forward voltage drop across a diode is 0.7V, unless it is otherwise stated
• The forward voltage drop across the base-emitter junction of a BJT is 0.7V
• The  of a BJT may be assumed to be 100 and VCE(sat) is 0.2 V.
• Ground in all cases means 0 V
Voltage Regulator
BJT

𝑉
( 𝐵𝐸 ) ∆𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 ⁄𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝐼𝐸 = 𝐼𝑆 (𝑒 𝑉𝑇 − 1) Line regulation = ( ) x 100 %
∆𝑉𝑖𝑛

First order filter response 𝑉𝑁𝐿 −𝑉𝐹𝐿

Load regulation = ( ) x 100 %
𝑉𝐹𝐿
1
Low-pass: 𝐻𝐿𝑃 (𝑠) = 𝑠 -3dB cut-off at 𝜔 = 𝑎 𝑅2
+1 𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑔 = (1 + ) 𝑉𝐷1
𝑎
𝑅3

𝑠
High-pass: 𝐻𝐻𝑃 (𝑠) = -3dB cut-off at 𝜔 = 𝑎 1 𝑅5 𝑅5
𝑠+𝑎 Foldback: 𝐼𝑜𝑢𝑡 (max) = [(1 + ) 𝑉𝐵𝐸 + 𝑉 ]
𝑅4 𝑅6 𝑅6 𝑟𝑒𝑔

Cascading N 1st order stages 1 𝑅5

Foldback: 𝐼𝑜𝑢𝑡 (𝑠𝑐) = [(1 + ) 𝑉𝐵𝐸 ]
𝑓𝑐 (𝑁𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟) = 𝑓𝑐 (1𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟) √2(1/𝑁) − 1 𝑅4 𝑅6

𝑅2
Second order filter response Integrated circuit:𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑉𝑅𝐸𝐹 (1 + ) + 𝑅2 𝐼𝑎𝑑𝑗
𝑅1

2
𝜔𝑝
𝑏
Low-pass: 𝐻𝐿𝑃 (𝑠) = = 𝜔𝑝 2 Sallen and Key Filter Design
𝑠 2 +𝑎𝑠+𝑏 𝑠 2 + 𝑠+(𝜔𝑝 )
𝑄𝑝

𝑠2 𝑠2 1
High-pass: 𝐻𝐻𝑃 (𝑠) = = 𝜔𝑝 2 𝑄=
𝑠 2 +𝑎𝑠+𝑏 𝑠 2 + 𝑠+(𝜔𝑝 ) 3−𝐾
𝑄𝑝

𝜔𝑝
𝑠 1
𝑎𝑠 𝑄𝑝
Band-pass: 𝐻𝐵𝑃 (𝑠) = = 𝜔𝑝 2 Low pass Butterworth: 𝑅𝐶 =
𝑠 2 +𝑎𝑠+𝑏 2
𝑠 + 𝑠+(𝜔𝑝 ) 2𝜋𝑓𝑐
𝑄𝑝

√𝑏 𝜔𝑝 1
𝜔𝑝 = √𝑏 , 𝑄𝑝 = , 𝐵3𝑑𝐵,𝐵𝑃𝐹 ≈ Low pass Bessel/Chebyshev: 𝑅𝐶 =
𝑎 𝑄𝑝 2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑓𝑛

1
Op-amp Model High pass Butterworth: 𝑅𝐶 =
2𝜋𝑓𝑐

𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 High pass Bessel/Chebyshev: 𝑅𝐶 =

1
𝐴𝑐𝑚 = 𝐴𝑑 = 2𝜋𝑓𝑐 (
1
)
𝑉𝑖𝑐𝑚 𝑉𝑖𝑑 𝑓𝑛

Band pass filters: Q = fp / f3dB

𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝐴𝑑 𝑉𝑖𝑑 + 𝐴𝑐𝑚 𝑉𝑖𝑐𝑚
1
Band pass filters: 𝑅𝐶 =
2𝜋𝑓𝑝

Instrumentation Amplifier 1
Band pass filters: 𝑄 =
3−𝐾
𝑅1 𝑅3
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 = (𝑉1 − 𝑉2 ) (1 + 2 )( )
𝑅4 𝑅2 Note: for n stages, passband gain is k1, k2, … kn

EE3090F Class Test 1 (2023) Page 8 of 9

State variable filters

1 1
Band pass filters: 𝑓𝑝 = =
2𝜋𝑅4 𝐶1 2𝜋𝑅7 𝐶2

1 𝑅5
Band pass filters: 𝑄 = ( + 1)
3 𝑅6

𝑓𝑝
Band pass filters: f3dB =
𝑄

Parameters of a Butterworth response shaped filter

EE3090F Class Test 1 (2023) Page 9 of 9