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Project report_1191375

The project involves modulating a message signal using AM modulation and analyzing the resulting signal. It includes calculations for mean squared error and the implementation of an envelope detector to demodulate the signal. The results are visualized through various plots showing the message, carrier, modulated signal, and demodulated output.

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2 views

Project report_1191375

The project involves modulating a message signal using AM modulation and analyzing the resulting signal. It includes calculations for mean squared error and the implementation of an envelope detector to demodulate the signal. The results are visualized through various plots showing the message, carrier, modulated signal, and demodulated output.

Uploaded by

ajf3215
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department Of electrical and computer Engineering

ENEE 3309 Communication Systems


Course project
Instructor: Dr. Wael Hashlamon
Made By: Islam Jihad
ID: 1191375
Date:8/12/2021

1|Page
As we have the signal
m(t)= cos(2πfmt)
we want to send and modulate it using the carrier
c(t)= cos (2πfc t)
using the AM modulation method so the general formula will be as following:
𝑠(𝑡) = 𝐴𝑐 [1 + μ cos(2πfmt)] cos (2πfc t)

And giving that Ac=1 μ=0.25 fm = 1Hz fc = 25Hz


We have to plot s(t) over 2 cycles of the message that means we have to know the time
for the message for 1 cycle T=1/fm =1/1 =1 and multiply it with 2 to get for 2 cycles will
be 2 seconds.
The message will be carried by carrier c(t) which need to be 10 times bigger at least.

As seen the blue graph show the message signal over 2 cycles and the pink graph is
the carrier over 2 cycles so when we modulate it by AM method, we get the 3rd figure in
red for s(t) which give us the carrier signal under message signal effect over 2 seconds.
The green graph shows the demodulated signal from s(t) and this was by taking the
absolute value of 𝐴𝑐 [1 + μ cos(2πfmt)] without the carrier signal (Ac was ignored in the
code because it equal to 1), this work as an ideal envelope detector

2|Page
In the 3rd part of the project we were asked to plot D vs taw and to do this we need to
find D (mean squared error between 𝑠(𝑡) and 𝑦(𝑡) )
And taw (1/𝑓𝑐 ≤ 𝜏 ≤ 1/𝑓m)
To calculate taw, it equal R*C in physical way but to calculate it from the message it’s
the less mean squared error between 𝑠(𝑡) and 𝑦(𝑡), so I had to make a for loop that
loops over taw values and every value I calculated the error with the real time for Y(t)
and add the result to a summation variable instead of integration as it’s easier to
implement

Then after finding the less mean squared error which means taw, I implemented the Y(t)
function with constant taw value which was 0.75 with me as it’s mean squared error was
0.0014 ( the lowest )
Attach this screenshot

The blue graph shoes D vs taw as seen the lowest value of taw is between 0.7-0.8
Which actual was 0.75
In the second graph I plot Y(t) with constant taw over the s(t) function with time to see
where the top points are as seen the capacitor is drains it’s voltage tell it reach s(t) so
the diode start to work again and charge the capacitor to the maximum value of s(t) in
that range, the capacitor or in coding the Y(t) is generated as following:

3|Page
If s(t) >= s(0)e-t/taw then Y(t) at that point of time equal to s(t)
If s(t) < s(0)e-t/taw then Y(t) at that point of time equal to s(0)e-t/taw
Until reach the next peak of s(t) then the exponential factor changes to the next peak
and goes on like that till it finish the 2 cycles.

4|Page
Attached the 2 codes of the project here:
1st code:
% Ac[1 + m cos(2 pi fmt)] cos(2pi fc t)
t= 0:0.001:2;
fc=25;
fm=1;
m=0.25;
Ac=1;
mt= cos(2 * pi * fm * t);
ct= cos( 2 * pi * fc * t);
st= Ac* ct .* (1 + m.*mt);

subplot(4,1,1);
plot(t,mt);
axis([0 2 -2 2]);
title('messege m(t)');
xlabel('time');
ylabel('m(t)');
grid on;
%***********

subplot(4,1,2);
plot(t,ct,'m');
axis([0 2 -2 2]);
title('Carrir C(t)');
xlabel('time');
ylabel('C(t)');
grid on;
%***********

subplot(4,1,3);
plot(t,st,'r');
axis([0 2 -2 2]);
title('AM signal s(t)');
xlabel('time');
ylabel(' sig amp s(t)');
grid on;
%***********
absm=(1 + m.*mt);
env= abs(absm);
subplot(4,1,4);
plot(t,env,'g');
axis([0 2 -2 2]);
title('demodulated signal');
xlabel('time');
ylabel('Y(t)');
grid on;

5|Page
the 2nd code:
t= 0:0.001:2;
st=1*(1 + 0.25 * cos(2 * pi * 1 * t)).* cos(2 * pi * 25 * t);
%plot(t,st);

absf=(1 + 0.25 * cos(2 * pi * 1 * t));


env= abs(absf);
%plot(t,absf);

taw= 0.04:0.01:1;

Y=zeros(1,2001);
arr_sum=zeros(1,97);
To=0;
b=0;
for i = 1:1:97

for j=1:1:2001
if st(j)< (b*exp(-1*((t(j)-To)/taw(i))))
Y(j)= (b*exp(-1*((t(j)-To)/taw(i))));
else
Y(j)=st(j);

if st(j)== env(j)
b=st(j);
To=t(j);
end

end

end

sum=0;
for x= 1:1:2001
sum= sum + (env(x) - Y(x))^2;
end
arr_sum(i)=sum/2001;
To=0;
b=0;

end

m=min(arr_sum);

for i= 1:1:97
if m==arr_sum(i)
index=i;
end
end

disp(taw(index));

6|Page
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(taw, arr_sum);
title('D VS taw');
xlabel('taw');
ylabel('mean square error D');
grid on;

arr=zeros(1,97);
Yn=zeros(1,2001);
To=0;
b=0;
for i = 1:1:97

for j=1:1:2001
if st(j)< (b*exp(-1*((t(j)-To)/taw(index))))
Yn(j)= (b*exp(-1*((t(j)-To)/taw(index))));
else
Yn(j)=st(j);

if st(j)== env(j)
b=st(j);
To=t(j);
end
end
end

To=0;
b=0;
end

subplot(2,1,2);
plot(t,Yn,t,st);
%plot(t,Yn,t,st,t,Y);
title('Y(t) to the min taw');
xlabel('time');
ylabel('Y(t)');
grid on;

7|Page

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