Revision notes and exercises from Term 1

1. NOUNS 14 May
A noun is a NAMING word.
Types: Common
Everyday items; desk, chair, table, pen, shoes
Proper
Name of a place or person written with a capital letter; Hoërskool Florida, Pieter
Collective
Group of something, is seen as singular noun; a bunch of flowers, a school of fish
Abstract
Expresses feelings, concepts and ideas; love/hate, education/government
Concrete
Can be seen, felt, tasted, could be same as common noun; eraser, socks, cement
Countable
Can be counted; girl, book, paper
Uncountable
Can not be separated and counted; sugar, rice, hair

Nouns Exercise
Write out the sentences and underline the two nouns in each sentence.
1. In the summer holidays we go to Durban.
2. Last month was my birthday.
3. Many birds fly south in the winter.
4. My brother gave the best speech.
5. Her dog had four puppies.
6. At the park there were many ducks.
7. A light was shining in the window.
8. The teacher entered the classroom.
9. A large cat slept in front of the fireplace.
10. The man was known for his honesty.

2. Adjectives
An adjective DESCRIBES a noun.
Usually written right in front of a noun.
They answer questions like, "Which one?" "How many?" "Whose?" and "What kind?"

Adjective exercise

blue powerful majestic wonderful nice tasty green

dark heavy clear

Use the words from the table below to complete the sentences that you will copy into your script.
1. The ____ bag was thrown on the table.
2. It was the most ____ view that I had ever seen.
3. The sky was __ with only a speck of white to bee seen.
4. Her face was __ with jealousy and she couldn’t hide it.
5. It was a __ day at the park with my friends.
6. The food was so __ I couldn’t help but to go back for more.
7. The __ room was eery with its shadows and creaks.
8. I had never seen someone more __ than the man in front of me.
9. I ate the __ cupcake because I knew the baby would be a boy.
10. I really enjoyed the __burger that I could have after a long time in quarantine.
3. Pronouns 15 May
A pronoun replaces a noun.
Should be the same in gender and number when used to replace a noun.
Types of pronouns: Demonstrative; this, that, these, those
Indefinite; All, some, any, several, anyone, nobody, each,
both, few, either, none, one and no one are the most common.
Interrogative; Who, which, what, where and how
Personal; I, you, he, she, it, we, they, and who
Possessive; My, your, his, her, its, our and their
Relative; Which, that, who (including whom and whose) and where
Absolute possessive; Mine, yours, his, hers, ours and theirs
Reciprocal; each other and one another
Reflexive; myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself,
ourselves, yourselves and themselves
Pronoun exercise

Write out the sentences with the correct form of the pronoun in brackets.

1. (I, me) will pick up the bikes.

2. (She, her) sent (I, me) a package in the mail.
3. Are you going to visit (he, him) this evening?
4. Wendy is around here somewhere, have you seen (she, her)?
5. The commanding officer gave (him, he) and (me, I) a real bawling-out.
6. They told (us, we) to meet (them, they) in the parking lot.
7. (They, them) invited (we, us) over for a braai.
8. Our house is always open to (they, them).
9. Adrian chose (he, him) and (I, me) for team mates.
10. There were dozens of bees buzzing around (we, us).

4. Concord
Concord is subject-verb agreement.
This means that the subject of sentence has to agree, in number, with the verb.
If the subject is singular, the verb has to be singular.
If the subject is plural, the verb has to be plural.

Concord exercise

Write out each sentence.

Underline the subject of each sentence once and the verb twice (double line).
Indicate whether the subject of each sentence is singular or plural.
Ensure the subject and the verb agree. If a sentence is incorrect, rewrite it in the correct form.

1. They goes to the campgrounds.

2. She struggle with the bonfire.
3. The wood catches on fire slowly.
4. Mosquitoes buzzes all around them.
5. A storm come in.
6. All the insects fly away.
7. Raindrops makes the ground muddy.
8. The tent blow away.
9. The fire turn into wet ashes.
10. They eat cold marshmallows for dinner.
5. Tenses -Simple Tense 19 May

Tenses tell us the TIME when something happened.

Present - Happening NOW
Past - Already HAPPENED
Future – STILL going to happen

Simple Tense is the EASIEST and SIMPLEST form sentences.

Uses finite verb
-Habitual/ repetitive actions (happens over and over)
- General truths (every day happenings)
E.g. I brush my teeth every day.
E.g. Everyone has two eyes.
-Present tense: I run every day.
-Past tense: I ran every day.
-Future tense: I will run every day.
Time words: Gives a clue to the tense of the sentence.
Present: usually, never, every day, every month/week, regularly, often, once a week
Past tense: yesterday, last night/week/year/month
Future tense: tomorrow, in the future, next week/month/year

Simple Tense Exercise

Copy the sentence with the correct form of the verb. The sentence could be in the present, past or
future tense but it will be in the SIMPLE TENSE.

1. Christopher (drive) a bus yesterday.

2. Laura (be) a beautiful girl.
3. James (not remember) me tomorrow.
4. Daniel and Liz always (seems) happy.
5. We (be) number one.
6. My wife (not cook) on the weekends.
7. I (forget) to take the trash out yesterday.
8. My father usually (wake) up at 7’o clock in the mornings.
9. What time (the train/arrive) in the morning.
10. Stella often (visit) me.

6. Prefixes and Suffixes

Prefix -Written in front of word to change the meaning of a word.

Suffix – Written after a word
▪ inflectional that changes how the word is used grammatically
▪ derivational that changes the word's meaning
Prefix and Suffix Exercise

Copy the following sentences and write the correct prefix in the blank space. You can use a dictionary to help
you.
dis- -in mis- re- un- under-

1. I just can't believe it! The story is __believable!

2. No, that answer is __correct. It is wrong.
3. Let's look at this information again. We should _ view it before the test.
4. I saw Allison just a moment ago, but now I can't find her! It seems that she _appeared!
5. Oh, I'm sorry, I didn't hear you correctly. I __understood you.
6. The Gautrain does not go over the land like a normal train. It moves __ground.

Copy the sentences and complete the words below. Use the suffixes from the list.

-able -ful -less

1. The first woman is very tired. She wants to rest!

The second woman can't stay still. She always wants to move! She is rest_____.
2. The first dog isn't cute. He's a little scary!
The second dog is very cute! He's ador_____!
3. Jason writes lots of lists, so he always remembers what he has to do. He never forgets!
Melanie can't remember anything! She's very forget_____!

7. Abbreviations and Acronyms 21 May

An abbreviation, simply put, is a shortened form of a word.

Words ending on the same letter as the full words do not get a full stop.
E.g. Mister – Mr Example – e.g. Monday – Mon.
An acronym is an abbreviation that is formed by combining the first letter of each word in a longer name or
phrase.
E.g. Eskom – Electricity Supply Commission
PIN – Personal Identification Number

Abbreviation and Acronyms exercise

Match Column A with Column B

Column A Column B
1 AIDS a Self-Contained Underwater
Breathing Apparatus
2 Mr b South African Army
3 Jan. c Minute
4 SCUBA d apartment
5 ANC e January
6 Pres. f South African Coal, Oil,
and Gas Corporation
7 SAA g Mister
8 apt h Acquired immunodeficiency
Syndrome
9 SASOL i President
10 min. j African National Congress

8. Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct Speech is someone’s direct words. When written, inverted commas are used, together with an
introduction verb and a comma.
E.g. Karin said, “I enjoyed going to the movies yesterday.”

Indirect Speech is when someone else’s words are told to someone else. The inverted commas fall away and
so does the comma.

The introductory verb is used to indicate the tense of the sentence, to show when the action took place or was
spoken.

Introductory verb example: said/says asked/ask told/ tell

Direct and Indirect Speech exercise

Change the following sentences into the DIRECT SPEECH

1. She said that she fell from the second story.
2. He says that we have to do all the homework for tomorrow.
3. Mr Prinsloo yelled that we had to be quiet.
4. She said that she was baking a cake for her mother’s birthday.
5. Sophie asks if she can have some of the juice as well.

Change the following sentences into the INDIRECT SPEECH

1. Kevin said, “I am the only one here at the moment.”
2. He tells the teacher, “He didn’t do his homework, but I did.”
3. Megan asked, “Do we all have to go to the play this evening?”
4. She yelled at the doorman, “Don’t close the door! I am on my way!”
5. He told my mother, “She is not in the class. She went to the mall.”

9. Conjunctions 22 May
A conjunction is a joining word. Joins two or more sentences together.
Coordinating conjunctions
FANBOYS - for, and, nor, bur, or, yet, so
Correlative Conjunctions
both/and, either/or, neither/nor, not only/but, whether/or
Some Subordinating Conjunctions
after, although, as, as if, as long as, as much as, as soon as, as though, because, before, by the time, even if,
even though, if, in order that, in case, in the event that, lest , now that, once, only, only if, provided that, since,
so, supposing, that, than, though, till, unless, until, when, whenever, where, whereas, wherever, whether or
not, while

Conjunctions Exercise

Copy and complete the following sentences using the words in brackets (choose the correct one).

1. __ he is a busy, he spends time with his family. (since/although)

2. She is __ intelligent __ hard working. (not only…but also/ either…or)
3. Robert will play today _ he gets a chance. (but/if)
4. You can’t succeed __ you work hard. (unless/because)
5. We must reach there __ anyone else. (instead/before)
6. Sam is __ a fool __ a stupid. (neither…nor/whether…or)
7. I fell asleep __ I was watching TV. (when/while)
8. I can’t attend the meeting __ I have a fever. (but/because)
9. Samuel was eating food __ the postman arrived. (while/ when)
10. I was very angry, __ I didn’t argue. (but/and)

Questions and Negatives

Types of questions:
• Yes/No (Verb Questions)
• Question word questions
• Tag questions

Negatives:

• When you change the positive statemen into the negative statement.
• Focus on the words and the tense that the sentence is in. It has to stay the same.
• Ensure that the concord stays the same and that it matches your negative changes.
• In the English language, there is no DOUBLE NEGATIVE used.
Question and Negatives Exercise

Change the following sentences into questions using the instructions in brackets.

1. He ate all the cookies. (Tag)

2. Terry didn’t go to the workshop. (Who)
3. She decided to bake a cake for her mom. (Yes/No)
4. Megan went to work. (Yes/No)
5. All the children will leave for school tomorrow. (When)
6. The class didn’t listen to the teacher. (Tag)
7. The vase broke when it fell off the desk. (How)
8. She came to class late again. (Tag)
9. I really like to be outside. (Yes/No)
10.Keviin didn’t go to the dentist because he was scared. (Tag)

Change the following sentences into the negative.

1. I always run in the morning before 5h00.
2. We will go to the movies next week.
3. Kelly fell from the stairs.
4. The teacher yelled at the children who didn’t do their homework.
5. Every child has the right to basic education.

Sentence Types 25 May

A statement – Ends on a full stop.

A Questions – Ends with a question mark.
An Exclamation – End with an exclamation mark.
A Command – Ends on a full stop or exclamation mark.

Sentence Types Exercise

Write THREE sentences with each of the sentence type characteristics.

Verbs

A VERB is a DOING WORD – indicates an action taking place.

Three types of verbs:
• Finite Verbs – Can stand on its own.
• Non-finite verb – Cannot stand on its own and needs an auxiliary verb.
• Auxiliary verb – Also known as a helping verb.

Verbs Exercise

Copy and complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets.

1. We (has paid/have paid) him the money.

2. I (have bought/has bought) my sister a watch.
3. (Show/Shows) me your hands.
4. You (has made/have made) your shirt dirty.
5. We (are waiting/is waiting) for Rohan.
6. These books (belong/belongs) to me.
7. She (want/wants) to go.
8. We (will like/would like) to visit the museum.
9. He (has finished/have finished) talking.
10. My brother (enjoy/enjoys) playing cricket.