IOQM EXCEL BATCH 2025
DAY 2 DPP SOLUTIONS
Shaurya Shrimal
IO
Ratio and Proportion
Q
KEY
M
Level 1
Question 1 : 39 : 104 : 40
EX
Question 2 : 13.3
PQ
Question 3 :
P +Q
C
Question 5 : 6x2
Question 6 : 27
EL
Level 2
a(b + c)
Question 1 :
m(c − b) − 2na
Question 2 : 2, −1
Question 3 : 1:4
Question 4 : 50%
1
a
Question 5 :
c
Question 6 : 5
1
Question 7 :
2
1
Question 8 :
IO
2
Level 3
Question 1 : −b
Q
Question 2 : 0
M
Question 3 : P roving
EX
C
EL
2
Solutions
Level 1
1 If a : b = 3 : 8 and b : c = 13 : 5, then find a : b : c.
Solution
IO
Rewrite a and c in terms of b.
3b 5b
⇒a= &c=
8 13
3b 5b
Q
⇒a:b:c= :b:
8 13
⇒ a : b : c = 3 × 13 : 8 × 13 : 5 × 8
M
∴ a : b : c = 39 : 104 : 40
2 If 2x + 7 : 2(x + 14) is the inverse ratio of 13 : 8, find x.
EX
Solution
We are given that the expression is the reciprocal of 13 : 8
2x + 7 8
C
⇒ =
2(x + 14) 13
⇒ 13(2x + 7) = 16(x + 14)
EL
⇒ 26x + 91 = 16x + 224
∴ x = 13.3
3 If the ratio P : Q is the sub-duplicate ratio of P − x : Q − x, then find x.
Solution
√ √
Subduplicate ratio of x : y is x : y.
3
s
P P −x
⇒ =
Q Q−x
P2 P −x
⇒ 2
=
Q Q−x
⇒ P (Q − x) = Q2 (P − x)
2
IO
⇒ P 2 Q − Q2 P = x(P 2 − Q2 )
⇒ P Q(P − Q) = x(P − Q)(P + Q)
PQ
∴ x=
Q
P+Q
M
4 Find the mean proportion of 4x4/3 and 9x8/3 .
Solution
EX
The
√ mean proportion (geometric mean) of two numbers a and b is given by
ab
q √
Mean Proportion = (4x4/3 ) · (9x8/3 ) = 36x4 = 6x2
C
5 If the square of x varies as the cube of y, and x = 6 when y = 8, find the
value of y when x = √16 .
EL
Solution
For this, we use the given case by adding a proportionality constant to the
4
equation.
⇒ x2 ∝ y 3
⇒ x2 = ky 3
Using Case 1: x = 6, y = 8: 62 = k83
62
⇒ ∴ k= 3
8
1
IO
Now solving for when x = √
6
2 2
1 6
⇒ x2 = ky 3 ⇒ √ = 3 × y3
6 8
Q
8 4
∴ y= =
6 3
M
6 What number must be added to each term of the ratio 37 : 29 that it
may become 8 : 7.
EX
Solution
Let the number added to each term be x.
37 + x 8
⇒ =
C
29 + x 7
8 1
⇒ = [Subtracting 1]
29 + x 7
EL
⇒ 56 = 29 + x ⇒ x = 27
Level 2
1 Solve for x: (m + n)x − (a − b) = (m + n)x + a + c
(m − n)x − (a + b) (m − n)x + a − c
Solution
Using Componendo-Dividendo,
5
[(m + n)x − (a − b)] + [(m − n)x − (a + b)] [(m + n)x + a + c] + [(m − n)x + a − c]
⇒ =
[(m + n)x − (a − b)] − [(m − n)x − (a + b)] [(m + n)x + a + c] − [(m − n)x + a − c]
2mx − 2a 2mx + 2a
⇒ =
2nx + 2b 2nx + 2c
mx − a nx + b
⇒ =
mx + a nx + c
IO
(mx − a) + (mx + a) (nx + b) + (nx + c)
⇒ = [By Componendo-Dividendo]
(mx − a) − (mx + a) (nx + b) − (nx + c)
2mx 2nx + b + c
⇒ =
−2a b−c
Q
⇒ −m(b − c)x = 2nx(a) + (b + c)(a)
⇒ x(m(c − b) − 2na) = a(b + c)
M
a(b + c)
⇒ x=
m(c − b) − 2na
EX
2 If x = a + b = b + c = c + a where a ̸= b ̸= c and a + b + c ̸= 0, then
c a b
find the value(s) of x.
Solution
C
This can have multiple answers, depends on the procedure used.
Procedure 1: Adding all the numerators and denominators.
EL
(a + b) + (b + c) + (c + a)
x=
c+a+b
2(a + b + c)
x= = 2
a+b+c
6
Procedure 2: Subtracting two of them (numberators and denominators).
(a + b) − (b + c)
x=
c−a
a−c
x= = -1
c−a
4x2 − 1
IO
3 If f (x) = x
and g(x) = , where y is a positive constant.
y 2 − 24 6y
Then find the ratio of f (2x − 1) × f (2x + 1) : g(x), if f (1) = g(1).
Q
Solution
Given, that f (1) = g(1). Using this to find the value of y.
M
1 4(1) − 1
⇒ =
y 2 − 24 6y
1 1
⇒ 2 =
y − 24 2y
EX
2
⇒ y − 2y − 24 = 0
⇒ (y + 4)(y − 6) = 0
∴ y = 6, −4.
As y is a positive constant, we reject −4 and thus y = 6.
C
Now, finding the required ratio:
⇒ f (2x − 1) × f (2x + 1) : g(x)
EL
2x − 1 2x + 1 4x2 − 1
⇒ 2 × 2 :
y − 24 y − 24 6y
2 2
4x − 1 4x − 1
⇒ 2 2
:
(y − 24) 6y
1 1
⇒ 2
: [y=6]
(12) 36
∴ 1:4
7
4 In one alloy there is 60% gold in its total mass, while in another al-
loy it is 35%. 12 kg of the first alloy was melted together with 8 kg of the
second one to form a third alloy. Find the percentage of gold in the new alloy.
Solution
Amount of Gold
Formula: Percentage of Gold = × 100.
Total Mass
Now finding the percentage of gold in the third alloy:
IO
⇒ Amount of Gold in third allow: = Gold in 12kg of first alloy + Gold in 8kg of second allow
= 12 × 60% + 8 × 35%
= 7.2 + 2.8 = 10kg
Q
⇒ Total Mass = 12 + 8 = 20kg
M
Amount of Gold
Percentage of Gold = × 100
Total Mass
10
= × 100 = 50%
20
EX
2 2
5 If a, b, c are in continued proportion, the expression a + ab + b can be
b2 + bc + c2
simplified to:
a+c a c a−c
C
(A) (B) (C) (D)
a+b c a b
Solution
EL
Just substitute, b2 = ac, as it is given that a, b, c are in continued proportion.
a2 + ab + ac
⇒
ac + bc + c2
a(a + b + c)
⇒
c(a + b + c)
a
∴
c
8
6 Two jars each contain the same amount of marbles, and every marble is
either red or blue. In Jar 1 the ratio of red to blue marbles is 9:1, and the
ratio of red to blue marbles in Jar 2 is 8:1. There are 95 blue marbles in
total. How many more red marbles are there in Jar 1 than Jar 2.
Solution
Let the number of red and blue marbles in Jar 1 be x and p respectively.
IO
Also Let the number of red and blue marbles in Jar 2 be y and q respectively.
As each jar has the same amount of marbles:-
⇒x + p = y + q (1)
Q
From the given ratios:
⇒ Ratio in Jar1:- x : p = 9 : 1 (2)
M
⇒ Ratio in Jar2:- y : q = 8 : 1 (3)
Also, the total number of blue marbles:-
⇒ p + q = 95 (4)
EX
Now, Using (2) and (3) in (1) to get:
⇒ 9p + p = 8q + q ⇒ 10p = 9q (5)
Then, Using (5) in (4):-
C
10p
⇒p + = 95 ⇒ p = 45
9
EL
Hence, by solving: p = 45, q = 50. Hence, x = 405, y = 400
∴ Answer is x − y = 5
9
7 If a, b, c, d are positive real numbers, such that
a a+b a+b+c a+b+c+d a
= = = , then find
3 4 5 6 b + 2c + 3d
Solution
Let this equation be equal to x, then:
⇒ a = 3x.
IO
⇒ a + b = 4x ⇒ b = x
⇒ a + b + c = 5x ⇒ c = x
⇒ a + b + c + d = 6x ⇒ d = x
Q
So thus, the final expression:
M
a 3x 3x 1
= = =
b + 2c + 3d x + 2x + 3x 6x 2
EX
8 If x2 y2 z2
= = = 2, then the value of
by + cz cz + ax ax + by
c b a
+ +
2c + z 2b + y 2a + x
C
Solution
First lets express x2 , y 2 and z 2 .
EL
⇒ x2 = 2(by + cz)
⇒ y 2 = 2(cz + ax)
⇒ z 2 = 2(ax + by)
10
In the required expression, multiply and divide each term with its corre-
sponding constant(x, y, z) and then substitute from above.
ax ax
⇒ 2
=
2ax + x 2ax + 2(by + cz)
by by
⇒ 2
=
2by + y 2by + 2(cz + ax)
cz cz
⇒ =
IO
2cz + z 2 2cz + 2(ax + by)
c b a cz by ax 1
∴ + + = + + =
2c + z 2b + y 2a + x 2(ax + by + cz) 2(ax + by + cz) 2(ax + by + cz) 2
Q
M
Level 3
√ √
1 If f (x) = √a − x + √a + x , then find f 2ab
.
a−x− a+x b2 + 1
EX
Solution
Use Componendo Dividendo repeatedly.
√
f (x) + 1 a−x
⇒ =√ [By componendo dividendo]
f (x) − 1 a+x
C
2
f (x) + 1 + 2f (x) a−x
⇒ 2
= [Squaring]
f (x) + 1 − 2f (x) a+x
EL
2
f (x) + 1 a
⇒ = [By componendo dividendo]
2f (x) −x
2
f (x) + 1 a(b2 + 1)
⇒ = [Substituting value of x]
2f (x) −2ab
2 2
f (x) + 1 b +1
⇒ =
2f (x) −2b
2ab
So by comparing, we see that f (x) = −b ⇒ f 2
= −b
b +1
11
2 If 2x + 3y = 4y + 7z = 6z + 5x , find the value of 11x + 17y + 20z.
a − 2b 3b − c 2c − 3a
Solution
p r t xp + yr + zt
We will use the property: If = = = k, then k = .
q s u xq + ys + zu
Now, we try to make the denominator of the resulting expression 0. But
when we do this, we get our required expression.
IO
2x + 3y 4y + 7z 6z + 5x 3(2x + 3y) + 2(4y + 7z) + 1(4y + 7z)
⇒ = = =
a − 2b 3b − c 2c − 3a 3(a − 2b) + 2(3b − c) + 1(2c − 3a)
11x + 17y + 20z
=
0
Q
Hence, 11x + 17y + 20z must be equal to 0
x y z
M
3 If = = , then prove that:
b+c−a c+a−b a+b−c
x+y+z x(y + z) + y(z + x) + z(x + y)
=
a+b+c 2(ax + by + cz)
EX
.
Solution
Adding each ratios (sum of numerators by denominators) we get that each
ratio is equal to:
x+y+z
C
⇒
a+b+c
EL
Now, If we multiply and divide the three ratios by y+z, z+x, x+y respectively
and then add them, we get they are equal to:
x(y + z) y(x + z) z(x + y)
⇒ = =
(b + c − a)(y + z) (x + z)(c + a − b) (x + y)(a + b − c)
x(y + z) + y(z + x) + z(x + y)
⇒ =
2(ax + by + cz)
Hence by, equating these expressions as these are equal to the ratios, we
prove the required equation.
12
