Dhole Patil Education Society’s
Dhole Patil College of Engineering Pune
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication
Experiment No. –
Subject: - Mobile Computing
Name of the Student: Roll No.
Date: Marks & Signature: -
Subject Teacher
Aim: To understand the handover mechanism.
Objectives:
To study the effect of handover threshold and margin on SINR and call drop probability and handover
probability
Prerequisite:
Operating System: Windows 7
Java Version: 6 only
Mozilla Firefox: version: 47.0.1
Link to download software:
https://drive.google.com/uc?id=0B9mNeu43jUidckFYVTlnenpJRGs&export=download
Theory: Handoff
Consider the figure below Initially say the mobile M is quite close to the base station A and hence receives
signal strength from A PArx>PBrx . As the mobile moves away from the base station. A and goes towards
B then the signal strength from A keeps falling (pathloss increases).Let there be a minimum sensibility
level P0rx0 for the mobile, i.e. if the signal from the B.S.to which the mobile is connected falls
below P0rx0 then the call drops. In order to prevent call drop the mobile monitors receive signal strength
from the neighboring 3-6 B.S.. These neighboring 3-6 B.S. also monitor Rx signal strength from the M.S.
The mobile should get connected to B.S. which has the highest signal strength. However, if the M.S.
continuously attaches itself to the B.S. with instantaneous height signal strength then the h/o rate may
very high in server condition.
Thus, some hysten's condition is used for h. If PTrx (T= target B.S.) > Phrxℎ higher h/o
threshold and ¯¯¯¯¯Pcrx¯ (c=current B.S.) < Phrxℎ minimum h/o threshold the execute h/o to B⋅ST
from B⋅Sc. Thus, it is threshold impeditive to study in part of the handoff process.
Δγ=Phrx−PlrxΔ=ℎ -
A successful handoff is one where the call gets from and continuous without call or in other words the h
occurs before h/o Pcrx becomes <P0rx<0. If Pcrx<P0rx0 then call drop event occurs.
One would like to minimize the no of handoff events as well as minimize call drop probability. The
experiment provides opportunity to study the inherent of these three parameters on h/o.
Further the averaging window for calculating PTrx and Pcrx also plays a role in the process. In the
experiment small scale fading is not considered and hence the averaging considered only shadowing.
Students conducting the experiment is expected to study the impact of these on h/0. He/She is
encouraged to respect the experiment for several sets of values of these parameters these draw
conclusion.
Instruction
Follow the instructions given below to perform the experiments.
1.1 Starting the Experiments: -
. Step1: Click on START button to start experiment.
Step2: Enter your name then click OK button.
Step3: Select the parameters (e.g.: Reuse, Environment, Beamwidth, Carrier frequency etc.)
Step4: Click on START button and observe No. of Call Drops and No. of Handoffs.
Step5: Enter your observation in the OBSERVATION box and Click on SUBMIT button.
Step6: Finally, click on REPORT to generate PDF report of the experiment.
Step7: After PDF report generation you will get following message.
Step8: PDF report will appear like this.
Step9: To redo experiment click on RESET button.
Observation Table:
Reuse No of Hand Off Mobile Speed Outage Outage
Percentage
1
Keep reuse ratio 3 and set mobile speed to 50 mps and 100 mps and record the below data. What
do we observe after increasing the speed of the mobile station?
Reuse Mobile Speed No of Hand off Outage Outage
Percentage
3 50
3 100
FAQ:
1. What is handoff?
2. What is the condition for handoff?
3. Explain Handoff and its types.
