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ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY
Site Characterization, Data
Analysis and Case Histories

Edited by

BENEDETTO DE VIVO
Università di Napoli Federico II
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Napoli, Italy

HARVEY E. BELKIN
United States Geological Survey, Reston, USA

ANNAMARIA LIMA
Università di Napoli Federico II
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Napoli, Italy

AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON

NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO
SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO
Elsevier
Radarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, UK

First edition 2008

Copyright # 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form
or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior
written permission of the Publisher

Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights
Department in Oxford, UK: phone (þ44) (0) 1865 843830; fax (þ44) (0) 1865 853333; email:
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Notice
No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a
matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods,
products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in
the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages
should be made

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN: 978-0-444-53159-9

For information on all Elsevier publications

visit our website at books.elsevier.com

Printed and bound in Hungary

08 09 10 11 12 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS

Contributors xi
Preface xv

1. Field Methods in Regional Geochemical Surveys 1

Reijo Salminen
1. Introduction 1
2. Sampling Media 2
3. Sampling Density 4
4. Sampling Networks 5
5. Quality Assurance in Sampling 7
6. Sampling Procedures 7
7. Documentation of Field Data 10
8. Photography 10
9. Sample Archive 10
References 11

2. Sampling Methods for Site Characterization 13

Christopher Swyngedouw and Jean Michel Crépin
1. Introduction 14
2. Site Characterization 15
3. Basic Sampling Types 17
4. Some Further Sampling Considerations 21
5. Summary 26
References 26

3. Contaminated Groundwater Sampling and Quality Control

of Water Analyses 29
Julian K. Trick, Marianne Stuart, and Shaun Reeder
1. Introduction 31
2. Groundwater Sampling Objectives 31
3. Choosing the Right Portable Sampling Devices 32
4. Avoiding Cross-Contamination 37
5. Water-Level Measurements 37
6. Well Purging Techniques 38

v
vi Contents

7. On-Site Water-Quality Measurements 42

8. Preservation and Handling of Samples 45
9. Quality Assurance and Quality-Control Procedures 50
10. Data Validation 52
11. Health and Safety in Fieldwork 55
References 55

4. The Collection of Drainage Samples for Environmental Analyses

from Active Stream Channels 59
Christopher C. Johnson, Deirdre M. A. Flight, Louise E. Ander, Robert T. Lister,
Neil Breward, Fiona M. Fordyce, and Sarah E. Nice
1. Introduction 60
2. Drainage Basins 61
3. Drainage Sampling 64
4. Sampling Strategy 66
5. Procedures 69
6. Discussion 84
7. Conclusions 90
Acknowledgments 90
References 90

5. Data Conditioning of Environmental Geochemical Data:

Quality Control Procedures Used in the British Geological
Survey’s Regional Geochemical Mapping Project 93
Christopher C. Johnson, Louise E. Ander, Robert T. Lister, and Deirdre M. A. Flight
1. Introduction 94
2. Planning Quality Control—Quality Assurance 95
3. Raw Data Checking 101
4. Statistical Analyses and Plotting of Control Sample Data 104
5. Levelling Data 108
6. Discussion 114
Acknowledgments 117
References 117

6. Gas Chromatographic Methods of Chemical Analysis

of Organics and Their Quality Control 119
Christopher Swyngedouw, David Hope, and Robert Lessard
1. Introduction 120
2. Sample Preparation—Aqueous Samples 121
3. Sample Preparation—Soil Samples 122
4. Cleanup Techniques 124
Contents vii

5. Instrumental Analysis 126

6. Data Analysis 127
7. Quality Control 129
8. Internal QC 130
9. External Laboratory QC 132
References 132

7. Evaluation of Geochemical Background at Regional and Local Scales

by Fractal Filtering Technique: Case Studies in Selected Italian Areas 135
Annamaria Lima
1. Introduction 136
2. Multifractal Interpolation and Fractal Concentration–Area (C–A) Method 137
3. Background/Baseline Geochemical Map Obtained by Fractal
Filtering (S–A) Method 138
4. Pb and U Background Values for Campania Region Stream Sediments 140
5. Pb Background Values for the Volcanic Soils of the Metropolitan
and Provincial Areas of Napoli 144
6. Conclusions 150
Acknowledgments 151
References 151

8. Urban Geochemical Mapping 153

Stefano Albanese, Domenico Cicchella, Annamaria Lima, and Benedetto De Vivo
1. Introduction 154
2. Definition of Geochemical Background and Baseline at an Urban Scale 155
3. Planning Urban Geochemical Mapping 155
4. Sampling Protocols and Field Activities 157
5. Sample Preparation and Analyses 158
6. Geochemical Data Presentation 160
Acknowledgments 171
References 171

9. Chemical Speciation to Assess Potentially Toxic Metals’ (PTMs’)

Bioavailability and Geochemical Forms in Polluted Soils 175
Paola Adamo and Mariavittoria Zampella
1. Introduction 176
2. PTMs’ Forms in Soil and Bioavailability 176
3. The Need of Speciation and Speciation Methods 179
4. Plant Bioavailability 180
5. Human Bioavailability 188
6. PTMS’ Partitioning Between Soil Geochemical Phases 191
viii Contents

7. Applications of PTMS’ Speciation for Risk and Remediation Assessment 201

8. Concluding Remarks 203
Acknowledgments 203
References 203

10. Overview of Selected Soil Pore Water Extraction Methods for

the Determination of Potentially Toxic Elements in
Contaminated Soils: Operational and Technical Aspects 213
Marcello Di Bonito, Neil Breward, Neil Crout, Barry Smith, and Scott Young
1. Introduction 214
2. Methods for Sampling Soil Pore Water 217
3. Description and Discussion of Selected Methods 222
4. Conclusions and Recommendations 241
References 243

11. Sewage Sludge in Europe and in the UK: Environmental Impact and
Improved Standards for Recycling and Recovery to Land 251
Marcello Di Bonito

1. Wastewater and Sludge: Definitions and Treatment 252

2. Wastewater and Sludge Composition 255
3. The Legislative Debate and Regulative Tools in Europe and in the UK 260
4. Reuse and Disposal of Sewage Sludge in the UK 275
5. Encouraging the Recycling of Sludge 281
Acknowledgments 283
References 284

12. Lead Isotopes as Monitors of Anthropogenic and

Natural Sources Affecting the Surficial Environment 287
Robert A. Ayuso, Nora K. Foley, and Gail Lipfert
1. Introduction 288
2. Geologic Setting 291
3. Results 298
4. Discussion 306
5. Conclusions 312
Acknowledgments 312
References 313

13. Environmental Impact of the Disposal of Solid By-Products from

Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Processes 317
Francesco Pepe
1. Introduction 318
2. MSW Incineration 319
Contents ix

3. Treatment of Flue Gas from MSW Incineration 323

4. Solid By-Products from MSW Incineration 326
5. Plasma Pyrolysis for Waste Treatment 329
6. Conclusions 330
Acknowledgments 331
References 331

14. Innovative Responses to Challenges: Redevelopment of

Cos Cob Brownfields Site, Connecticut, USA 333
Cynde Sears
1. Introduction 334
2. Introduction to Brownfields 334
3. The Challenges of Brownfields 335
4. Tools to Respond to Brownfields Challenges 337
5. Introduction to Case Study: Cos Cob Power Plant, Connecticut 341
6. Conclusions 351
Acknowledgments 352
References 352

15. Characterization and Remediation of a Brownfield Site:

The Bagnoli Case in Italy 355
Benedetto De Vivo and Annamaria Lima
1. Introduction 356
2. Environmental Remediation of the Brownfield Site 357
3. Geological Settings of the Bagnoli–Fuorigrotta Area and
Stratigraphy of the Brownfield Site 358
4. Potential Sources of Anthropogenic Pollution 360
5. Hydrogeological Characteristics of the Bagnoli–Fuorigrotta Plain 361
6. Site Characterization 362
7. Natural and Anthropogenic Components for the Pollution 373
8. Chemical–Structural Characterization of Waste Material and Leachability Tests 376
9. Asbestos Characterization and Remediation 377
10. Preliminary Operative Remediation Plan 377
11. Securing the Site 382
Acknowledgments 383
References 384

16. Relationships Between Heavy Metal Distribution and

Cancer Mortality Rates in the Campania Region, Italy 387
Stefano Albanese, Maria Luisa De Luca, Benedetto De Vivo,
Annamaria Lima, and Giuseppe Grezzi
1. Introduction 387
2. Geology, Geochemical Data, and Cancer Mortality Data of Campania Region 388
x Contents

3. Methods 391
4. Discussion of Results 395
5. Conclusions 398
Acknowledgments 399
References 399

17. Chronic Arsenic Poisoning from Domestic Combustion of Coal

in Rural China: A Case Study of the Relationship Between
Earth Materials and Human Health 401
Harvey E. Belkin, Baoshan Zheng, Daixing Zhou, and Robert B. Finkelman
1. Introduction 402
2. Previous Studies 402
3. The Size of the Problem 404
4. Symptoms and Etiology of Arsenosis 406
5. Methods 408
6. Geological Setting 409
7. Geochemistry of the Coal 411
8. Mineralogy and Mode of Occurrence of Arsenic in Guizhou Coal 411
9. Chinese Sedimentary Rock-Hosted, Carlin-Type, Gold Deposits 415
10. Metamorphism of Coal and Trace-Element Enrichment 416
11. Mitigation of Chronic Arsenic Poisoning in Guizhou Province 416
12. Conclusions 417
Acknowledgments 417
References 417

Index 421
PREFACE

The volume ‘‘Environmental Geochemistry: Site Characterization, Data Analysis,

Case Histories’’ contains selected papers presented at the ‘‘Workshop: Environmental
Geochemistry—Site Characterization, Waste Disposal, Data Analysis, Case Histories’’
held in Napoli (Italy) on May 4–5, 2006. Participants from private and public
institutions of Canada, Finland, Greece, Italy, the UK, and USA, took part.
The theme of the Workshop was multidisciplinary methods of characterizing
contaminated sites using modern geochemistry with examples from different
countries in Europe, North America, and Asia. Special themes included soil, surface,
and ground waters contamination, environment pollution, and human health, and
data interpretation and management.
At the more local scale, site characterization and site remediation technologies in
soil were considered, as well as, sewage sludge disposal. Case histories of brownfield
sites in Italy, UK, and USA were also presented.
It is especially appropriate that this volume be completed in 2007 as it is
the hundredth anniversary of the birth of Rachel Carson. Rachel Carson
published Silent Spring in 1962, which brought environmental concerns to an
unprecedented portion of the American public and the world in general.
Silent Spring spurred a dramatic reversal in USA national pesticide policy—leading
to a nationwide ban on DDT and other pesticides—and the grassroots environmental
movement it inspired led to the creation of the United States Environmental
Protection Agency and other similar agencies. Now, we are beginning a transition
among governments where the methods and techniques of remediation are developed
with a greater understanding of the baselines and economics of the applied cleanup
processes. Clean up of polluted sites must be accomplished within the budgets of the
communities together with the rigor of the science.
A selection of papers on the general theme on soil, surface, and groundwater
contamination, environment pollution and human health, and data interpretation
and management are published in a special issue of Geochemistry: Exploration,
Environment, Analysis Special Issue ‘‘Environmental Geochemistry’’, edited by
B. De Vivo, J. A. Plant, and A. Lima.
A selection of papers more professionally and educationally oriented are included
in this Elsevier volume. Fifteen papers arising from the conference are included in
this special volume. Their content is briefly summarized below.
Salminen R. summarizes experiences from a number of recently completed
regional-scale geochemical surveys. It briefly shows the most essential issues to be
taken into account in planning and carrying out geochemical surveys in the field.
Swingedouw C. and Crepin J. M. provide an overview of sampling methods
and tools suitable to address most site characterizations. The basic sampling types
discussed are the systematic, random, and judgmental sampling approaches. In addition

xv
xvi Preface

to sampling procedures, sampling bias and sampling errors are introduced, leading
to some guidance on sample handling, shipping, and chain-of-custody procedures.
The presentation focuses on sampling methods for soil only.
Trick J. K., Stuart M., and Reeder S. describe the tools available to the field
sampler for the collection of groundwater samples, methods of on-site water quality
analysis, and the appropriate preservation and handling of samples. The authors discuss
the merits of different purge methodologies and show how on-site measurements
such as pH, specific electrical conductance (SEC), oxidation–reduction potential
(ORP), dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, and alkalinity can be used to provide
a check on subsequent laboratory analyses. Techniques for the preservation and
analysis of samples and quality assurance and quality control are also presented.
Johnson C. C., Flight D. M. A., Ander E. L., Lister T. R., Breward N., Fordyce
F. M., and Nice S. F. discuss the collection of drainage samples from active stream
channels for geochemical mapping studies. The authors describe details on the
sampling methods used by the British Geological Survey in order to establish a
geochemical baseline for the land area of Great Britain, involving the collection of
stream sediments, waters, and panned heavy mineral concentrates for inorganic
chemical analysis. The authors give detailed sampling protocols and discuss sampling
strategy, equipment, and quality control.
Johnson C. C., Ander E. L., Lister T. R., and Flight D. M. A. discuss data
conditioning procedures involving the verification, quality control, and data-
levelling processes that are necessary to make data fit for the purpose for which it
is to be used. The authors describe the methods currently used by the British
Geological Survey’s regional geochemical mapping project that has been generating
geochemical data for various sample media for nearly 40 years.
Swingedouw C., Hope D., and Lessard R. describe analytical organic chemistry
employing common gas chromatographic techniques which involve dissolving the
analyte in organic solvent, removing the interfering co-extractives by solid-phase
extraction and then injecting the purified extract into a gas chromatograph coupled to
a detector. The paper provides procedures to extract, isolate, concentrate, separate,
identify, and quantify organic compounds. It also includes some information on the
collection, preparation, and storage of samples, as well as specific quality control and
reporting criteria.
Lima A. describes statistical methods to evaluate background values, namely,
statistical frequency analysis and spatial analysis. The author illustrates the appli-
cation of GeoDASTM software to perform multifractal inverse distance weighted
(MIDW) interpolation and a fractal filtering technique, named spatial and spectral
analysis (S–A) method, to evaluate geochemical background at regional and local scale.
Albanese S., Cicchella D., Lima A., and De Vivo B. present a synthesis of the
main considerations necessary to undertake urban mapping activities in terms of
planning, sampling, chemical analyses, and data presentation. In this context, modern
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) represent an indispensable tool for better
understanding the distribution, dispersion, and interaction processes of some toxic
and potentially toxic elements.
Adamo P. and Zampella M. provide a review of the single and sequential
chemical extraction procedures that have been more widely applied to determine
Preface xvii

the plant and the human bioavailability of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) from
contaminated soil and their presumed geochemical forms. Examples of complementary
use of chemical and instrumental techniques and applications of PTMs speciation
for risk and remediation assessment are illustrated.
Di Bonito M., Breward N., Smith B., Crout N., and Young S. describe some of
the current methodologies used to extract soil pore water. In particular, four labora-
tory-based methods, (i) high-speed centrifugation–filtration, (ii) low- (negative-)
pressure RhizonTM samplers, (iii) high-pressure soil squeezing, and (iv) equilibration
of dilute soil suspensions, are described and discussed in detail. Some consideration is
then taken to assess advantages and disadvantages of the methods, including costs and
materials availability.
Di Bonito M. reviews the improved standards achieved with sewage sludge,
touching on, in particular, the British experience in the field of regulating the
disposal and reuse of these materials.
Ayuso R. A., Foley N. K., and Lipfert G. present part of an extensive study of the
coastal environment in the State of Maine (USA) where the occurrence of elevated
levels of arsenic in drinking water (>0.010 mg/L) has prompted multifaceted
research to understand the cause of this situation. A detailed Pb isotopic study of
pesticides is used to understand the source, distribution, and fate of As and Pb in
pesticides, soil, bedrock, and waters.
Pepe F. discusses incineration and the most relevant problems as a very efficient
technique for municipal solid waste (MSW) management. The author also discusses
the different approaches proposed to mitigate the impact of fly ash disposal.
Sears C. examines the efforts of the town of Greenwich, Connecticut (USA), to
clean up and redevelop a large, environmentally contaminated former coal-fired
power plant. The author shows how the town made several decisions that ensured
that the site would be turned into a community asset by considering multiple options
for land use, taking advantage of newly available Federal and state funding for
environmental assessment and cleanup, and adopting alternative environmental
assessment and strategies.
De Vivo B. and Lima A. document the case history of the Bagnoli brownfield site
government remediation project, which is still in progress. The site was the second
largest integrated steelworks in Italy and is located in the outskirts of Naples, in an area
which is part of the quiescent Campi Flegrei volcanic caldera. Hundreds of surficial
and deep boreholes have been drilled, with the collection of about 3000 samples of
soils, scums, slags, and landfill materials, and water samples from underground waters.
In general, heavy metal enrichments in the cores and water suggest mixing
between natural (geogenic) and anthropogenic components. The actual pollution to
be remediated is the occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH),
distributed in different spots across the brownfield site.
Albanese S., De Luca M. L., De Vivo B., Lima A., and Grezzi G. report
geochemical and epidemiological data as maps that represent the detailed patterns
of toxic metal concentrations and some, potentially, related pathologies in the
Campania region of Italy.
Belkin H. E., Zheng B., Zhou D., and Finkelman R. B. describe a unique case
study of chronic arsenic poisoning caused by the domestic combustion of coal in
xviii Preface

rural southwestern Guizhou Province, P. R. China. The coal, used by several

villages, is enriched in arsenic (>100 ppm) and when burnt in nonvented stoves is
absorbed by vegetables hung above and then ingested. Characteristic symptoms of
arsenosis, such as hyperpigmentation and keratosis, have been used to define affected
populations. Effective collaboration between earth scientists and the local public
heath community has mitigated the incidence of this endemic arsenic poisoning.
 C H A P T E R O N E

Field Methods in Regional

Geochemical Surveys
Reijo Salminen*

Contents
1. Introduction 1
2. Sampling Media 2
3. Sampling Density 4
4. Sampling Networks 5
5. Quality Assurance in Sampling 7
6. Sampling Procedures 7
6.1. General aspects of the fieldwork 8
6.2. Stream waters 8
6.3. Sediments 9
6.4. Soils 9
7. Documentation of Field Data 10
8. Photography 10
9. Sample Archive 10
References 11

Abstract
This chapter summarizes experiences from a number of recently completed regional-
scale geochemical surveys. The aim is to briefly show the most essential issues to be
taken into account in planning and carrying out geochemical surveys in the field. Whether
the aim of a geochemical survey is prospecting, environmental assessment, or something
else, the main principles in the fieldwork are always the same.

1. Introduction
Geochemical studies vary enormously in an area. At one extreme, they cover
continent-wide areas (Gustavsson et al., 2001; Salminen et al., 2005), based on
information from not more than a thousand sites, while at the other, detailed
maps, based on several thousands of samples, are produced from a small prospecting
target (e.g., Kauranne, 1976; McClenaghan et al., 2001).

* Geological Survey of Finland, 02151 Espoo, Finland

Environmental Geochemistry # 2008 Elsevier B.V.

DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53159-9.00001-2 All rights reserved.

1
2 Reijo Salminen

Studies at different scales differ considerably in the way they are carried out. Not
only sampling density, but sampling material, sampling depth, analytical methods,
and data processing also essentially depend on the aim of the study, the size of the
area to be studied, the objects to be recognized, and the contrast between the
anomaly and the surrounding area. The sources of the anomalies detected by
different sampling densities are also totally different in nature.

2. Sampling Media
Minerogenic stream sediments are the traditional medium in small-scale,
regional geochemical mapping, particularly if the aim is ore prospecting. In areas
of residual overburden, minerogenic stream sediments have proven to be very
useful, providing data from a wide drainage area where the stream has been in
contact with the bedrock (Hale and Plant, 1994). The most suitable conditions
prevail in areas of temperate climate where the rivers are draining in situ weathered
bedrock, and mountainous areas where the bedrock is widely exposed.
In glaciated areas, the stream is usually disconnected from the bedrock by till and the
stream sediments may thus only reflect the variation of element contents in till. The
interpretation of results for prospecting purposes becomes complicated. However, in
till-covered mountainous areas such as Scotland (Plant et al., 1984) and Norway
(Wennervirta et al., 1971), useful results were obtained by stream sediment
geochemistry.
Till has conventionally been exploited as a sampling material only on local-scale
prospecting studies. However, results from Scandinavia and adjacent areas (Blviken
et al., 1986; Koljonen, 1992; Reimann et al., 1998; Salminen et al., 1995) have
shown beyond doubt that highly informative and easily interpreted results can be
obtained from till geochemistry practiced on a regional or reconnaissance scale.
In the 1990s and earlier, environmental applications became important in geo-
chemical mapping. New sampling media such as surface water and terrestrial mosses
were tested and became more commonly used in geochemical surveys (Lahermo
et al., 1990, 1996; Reimann et al., 1998; Rühling 1994; Salminen et al., 2005;
Salminen, 2004; Steinnes et al., 1992). This development also brought some new
variation not only in the sample media but also in sampling, analysis, and data
management methodologies. In principle, most geochemical mapping data can
also be used in environmental geochemical studies.
In exploration geochemistry, the concept of a geochemical background value is
used to differentiate anomalies caused by mineralized occurrences from the geogenic
anomalies caused by normal nonmineralized bedrock. In environmental geochemis-
try, a new concept of the geochemical baseline was needed to differentiate contami-
nation derived from a point source from that derived from the general background,
which includes both natural geogenic element concentration and diffuse anthropo-
genic pollution (Salminen and Gregorauskiene, 2000). Environmental geochemical
studies have concentrated increasingly on defining baselines rather than on detecting
high anomaly points; methods to separate local and regional components (anomaly
and baseline) have been developed (e.g., De Vivo et al., 2006).
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“What, Sister Agatha’s ghost?” said Judy, who was not by any means
a sceptic with regard to spirits from the vasty deep in general, and
this one in particular.
“Sister Agatha’s gran’mother,” said Adam, contemptuously. “It’s my
opinion ’at it isn’t a sister at all, but a brother, an’ a precious rascal
at that, wiv ’is white smock, an’ ’is bloody breest, an’ ’is blue
bleeazes. If he dizn’t mind, he’ll get mair o’ them last sooat o’ things
then he’ll care for; bud we’ll dig ’im oot.”
The next day Adam related his midnight encounter to Farmer
Houston and Nathan Blyth, and they resolved to go and explore the
haunted spot. They were ultimately rewarded by the discovery of an
underground cave, probably the handiwork of the monkish denizens
of Cowley Priory, with whose monastery it was said Nestleton Abbey
had been connected by a subterranean passage in those “auld-
warld” times, when Rome ruled the roast in England, and when its
anchorites led not only an ignoble and wasted life, but were guilty of
evil doings and malpractices that were infinitely worse. The spacious
hollow which the explorers discovered, penetrated far into the earth.
Candles were provided to prosecute the search, and there they
found much thievish booty, including the tin box which had been
abstracted from Waverdale Hall. The astonished discoverers kept
their secret, and quickly arranged to set a secret watch on the
bramble-covered entrance to the burglar’s den. Two or three nights
afterwards they were successful in capturing a man just as he was in
the act of descending to his secret lair. He was seized by strong
hands and carried to Farmer Houston’s kitchen. As may be imagined,
the entrance of the redoubtable ghost caused no little stir among
that peaceful household, each of whom in turn came to “have a
look” at him. Among the rest came Hannah Olliver, who was plying
her needle for the good of the household wardrobe, and as soon as
she set her eyes upon the prisoner she screamed out, “Aubrey
Bevan!” and fell fainting on the floor. The quondam valet was safely
lodged in York Castle. Eventually that crafty, clever, but craven-
hearted rascal turned king’s evidence; the entire gang, which had
long been a terror to the country side, was captured, and speedily
“left their country for their country’s good.” It is gratifying to be able
to say that both poetical and practical justice was at length able to
lay its hands on Master Bevan himself, and he, too, was sent to join
his former comrades in the distant and uncomfortable settlements of
Botany Bay. Hannah Olliver, who had been instrumental in his
identification, was permitted to be the bearer of the tin box to its
rightful owner, and on giving up the precious article to Squire Fuller,
she received a kind and full forgiveness for the unwary folly of which
she had been guilty in introducing the burglars into Waverdale Hall.
 CHAPTER XXXVII.
Philip Fuller Boldly Meets his Fate.

“He says he loves my daughter;

I think so too; for never gazed the moon
Upon the water, as he’ll stand, and read,
As ’twere, my daughter’s eyes; and, to be plain,
I think there is not half a kiss to choose
Who loves the other best.”
Shakespeare.

HE short winter’s day was over, and night had closed around
Waverdale Hall, when Squire Fuller joined his son by the cosy
fire in the library, after his affecting and successful interview
with Nathan Blyth and Adam Olliver.
“Well, Master Philip,” said the squire; “what will you give me for my
news to-night?”
“My best attention and my warmest thanks,” said that young
gentleman, who divined that the intelligence hinted at was of a
pleasant nature by reason of the glow on his father’s countenance,
and the tell-tale tone in which he spoke.
“Hadn’t you better reserve your thanks until you know whether or
not my information will be welcome?” said the squire, evidently
enjoying the parley, and willing to prolong it.
“I’ll risk it, father mine, for from that happy face of yours I augur
something pleasant, and you couldn’t, if you tried, introduce bad
news by asking for a reward for bringing it.”
“Well, then,” said the squire, with mock seriousness, “prepare
yourself for a dread calamity. Nathan Blyth has withdrawn his
opposition, and if you can gain Lucy’s consent, you and I may obtain
our heart’s desire.”
True prophet as he was, Philip was hardly prepared for news so
good and so direct as this. He was touched to the quick with the
way in which his father spoke of their interests in this all-engrossing
subject, as being one and indivisible. His face lighted up with hope
as he said,—
“Thank God for that. I’ll soon ask for her verdict. But how have you
managed to overcome an opposition so determined as Nathan
Blyth’s?”
“Why, to tell the truth, it is not so much my doing as it is Adam
Olliver’s. That fine old Christian wields a marvellous influence both
with God and man.”
The squire then told of his visit to the old hedger: how he found him
and Nathan Blyth upon their knees, how he opened his heart to both
of them, how Adam Olliver had said the very wisest words in the
most impressive way, and finally how Nathan Blyth was unable any
longer to withstand the strong appeal, and had promised not to put
a straw in the way, but to leave Lucy to decide the matter for
herself.
“Dear old Adam,” said Philip, earnestly, “my debt to him is such as I
never can repay. Lucy’s decision I shall get to-morrow, and I will not
for a moment doubt that she will be true to the pleadings of her own
heart, and those, I know, are in my favour.”
“Go, my boy, and God prosper your errand, and I believe He will.
And now, if you can stoop to anything more prosy and less
interesting, what about this new chapel? I am inclined to build it
myself, and present it to the Methodist society as a token of my
admiration of their work, and a thank-offering to God. What do you
think of it?”
Philip sat thinking for a little while, and then said, “No, I wouldn’t do
that. They have already obtained a considerable sum, and many will
be eager to give and to work now that the land is secured, and it
would be a pity to deprive them of what will be a pleasure and
delight. Besides, it will do the people good to receive their offerings,
and so to let them feel that it is the outcome of their own zeal. You
can give a contribution such as the case may need, and what will be
much better, you can offer something handsome towards the
maintenance of a third minister to reside in Nestleton, and so to
secure the more effective working of this side the Kesterton Circuit.”
With this advice the squire heartily coincided, and ere long the two
retired to rest, the one to plan and contrive for a preacher’s house at
Nestleton, the other to dream of Lucy and the morrow, which
should, as he dared hope, seal her his own for ever.

Though the little sitting-room of Nathan Blyth was neither so large

nor so imposing as the spacious library of Squire Fuller, the fireside
was just as cosy, and the two who sat beside it were just as loving
and true-hearted as the pair we have just left. Lucy was seated by
her father’s side; with one hand he was stroking her dark hair, the
other was cast lovingly round her waist.
“Lucy, darling, can you guess who has been to see me and Adam
Olliver to-night?”
If Lucy had uttered the name that was uppermost in her heart, and
the first on her tongue, she would undoubtedly have said “Philip,”
and nothing else; for still, as when she mentioned his name as her
rescuer from the unwelcome attentions of Black Morris, there was no
other Philip in the world to her, but unwilling to hint at what she
regarded as a forbidden and unwelcome subject, she heaved a sigh,
and said,—
“I can’t tell, daddy; perhaps the squire has been about the plot of
land.”
“No, my dear, but you need not sigh about it; sighing doesn’t suit
those sweet lips of yours. Squire Fuller it was, but he came about
another ‘plot,’ by which he means to steal my daughter from her
father’s heart and home.”
Lucy’s fair head drooped upon his bosom, as she blushed a rosy red,
and softly said,—
“Never from his heart, my father, whatever else might happen, and,
without his permission, never from his home.”
“Aye,” said Nathan, with a tearful smile, “but with his permission,
light of my life, what then?”
Closely nestled the head upon the manly bosom in which the heart
of as true and good a father as ever bore the name was loudly
beating, and then she looked, with all her soul in her eyes, and said,
—
“What is it, father? Do not try me more than I can bear.”
“My glorious girl,” said Natty; “it is that, at last, Philip Fuller’s
welcome here on whatsoever errand he may come. I’ve had no
thought, felt no emotion, entertained no wish, but for my darling’s
happiness. I believe that happiness is in Philip Fuller’s keeping, and I
believe with all my heart that now and ever he will loyally and
lovingly fulfil the precious trust. Kiss me, sweet, and be sure that
your decision will willingly be mine.”
For all answer, Lucy kissed him again and again, then flung her arms
around his neck and burst into tears—tears which had no sorrow in
them, only a wealth of happiness and love.
Whoever overslept themselves next morning, be sure that Philip
Fuller was up betimes. Old Father Time, whose fingers force the
hands around the dial at such relentless speed, appeared to our
eager lover to be smitten with paralysis, or to have forgotten the
awful cunning of his usual despatch. But no sooner did the laggard
timepiece point to a reasonable hour for paying a morning call, than
Philip turned his steps toward Nestleton Forge. It was a glorious
winter’s morning; the clear, bracing air was quite in harmony with
Philip’s buoyant spirit, as he rapidly sped along the frost-bound road.
Long before he could see the home where dwelt the “damsel sweet
and fair,” whose “soft consent he meant to woo and win,” he heard
the musical ring of Nathan’s anvil; but this time he did not pause
even to look through the open door, much less to listen to Nathan’s
song. Had he done so, however, he would have heard strains of
good omen, for Blithe Natty was in good feather and chanted a
hopeful strain, which might well have inspired the listener with even
a more gladly expectant spirit than that which he undoubtedly
possessed. Stop a moment, Master Philip, and hear the oracle:—

Came Love one day across my way,

And with inviting finger,
Enticing smile, and subtle wile,
Said, “Follow me, nor linger.

“I offer joy without alloy,

A ceaseless round of pleasure—
A vision bright of sweet delight,
And bliss that knows no measure.

“Within my bowers the fleeting hours

Are always bright and sunny;
From rosy lip come thou and sip
The nectar and the honey.”

“O Love!” I cried, and swiftly hied

To follow, as she bade me;
 Across my path, in sturdy wrath,
Stood Duty, and he stayed me.

Quoth Duty, “Stay! That’s not the way;

Rash youth, beware her wooing!
Her magic spell, O mark it well,
May be thy soul’s undoing.

“Her beauteous things have hidden stings,

And though she proffers nectar,
The poisoned cup will conjure up
A dread, life-haunting spectre.

“Whom she leads on, they find anon

Her beauty swiftly dying;
Like bird on wing, the gleaming thing
From singing takes to flying.

“Turn, gentle youth, and mark this truth—

True love is linked with duty;
Come then with me and thou shalt see
A richer, rarer beauty.”

“Lead on,” I cried, and by the side

Of Duty forth I sped me;
Resolved to go, for weal or woe,
Wherever Duty led me.

I followed still, for good or ill,

Through thorny brake and briar;
Or up the steep, or down the deep,
Through water or through fire.

And now at last, the testing’s past,

And Duty sits beside me;
Quoth Duty, “Once, and for the nonce,
Thy Love was quite denied thee.
“That tempting elf was ‘Love of Self,’
And ’neath her smile lay lurking
An aspish sting—a deadly thing—
Dire, deathless evils working.

“Now Love once more stands thee before,

To fill thine eyes with glamour;
This gift of mine is love divine,
And shall thy soul enamour.”

He waved his wand, gave his command,—

“True Love, come forth,” said Duty;
Before my eyes she did arise,
My love, of rarest beauty.

My youth’s ideal! Now mine and real;

O Love, how long I sought thee!
Cries Love, “I come; Thy heart’s my home!
’Twas Duty, love, that brought me.”

Thrice happy I to testify

Whate’er the wind and weather,
’Tis mine to prove that truest Love
And Duty dwell together.

No more I roam, for here at home,

My love and I, united,
Blessing and blest, know perfect rest,
And Duty is delighted.

And when at last our lives are past,

And we become immortals;
Through heaven’s door we two shall soar
When Duty opes the portals.

Had Natty Blyth known of Philip’s morning call, he could not have
been more wise in his choice of a song, and I have every reason to
believe that Lucy had heard the rehearsal, for Nathan Blyth knew
how to make his muse the channel alike of counsel and of cheer.
Philip Fuller, however, as I have said, had no time or will this
morning to listen to Blithe Natty’s song. Love is royal, and the king’s
business requireth haste. Now I might stay to descant on the music
of Philip’s “tap, tap, tapping at the” blacksmith’s door, for, depend
upon it, there was a tremor of excitement in the hand that did it,
and another tremor of excitement in the ear that heard it, that put it
altogether beyond comparison with ordinary tappings, even the
postman’s knock, though probably the mystic tappings of a table-
haunting spirit may have something of the same expectancy in it,
but certainly not the same delight. Lucy Blyth was never above
opening the door herself, either to visitor or shop-boy, but on this
occasion she sent her little serving-maid to the door, as the damsel
Rhoda was sent to answer Peter’s knock; and so it came to pass that
Philip was ushered into the little sitting-room to wait, and perhaps to
whistle to keep his courage up, while our little bird flew upstairs to
preen her feathers for a minute or two, and hush down the
flutterings of her heart. By-and-bye comes in Miss Lucy, and sure I
am no fairer vision ever fell on mortal sight. The tell-tale blush that
mantled on her cheek, did only lend a new and witching grace, and
as Byron has it,—

“To his eye

There was but one beloved face on earth
And that was shining on him,”

and Byron is, of course, the apostle of love, though Moore perhaps
successfully disputes his primacy. The Irish bard, with true Hibernian
fire, sings,—

“Oh, there are looks and tones that dart

An instant sunshine through the heart;
As if the soul that minute caught
Some treasure it through life had sought.
 As if the very lips and eyes,
Predestined to have all our sighs,
And never be forgot again,
Sparkled and spoke before us then!”

So Philip’s eyes “sparkled and spoke” as he advanced to meet the

idol of his heart, and as for Lucy, why, as dear old Dan Chaucer puts
it,—

“No lesse was she in secret heart affected,

But that she maskèd it in modestie.”
 NATHAN AT DINNER.—Page 265.

“Lucy!”
“Philip!”
His arms were open, her blushing face was buried on his shoulder,
and at last, long last, the two loving hearts were one. I am very
sorry that I am not able to enlarge upon this tender scene. The two
words of conversation which I have here recorded, contain really the
core and marrow of the whole interview. Doubtless, many of my
readers understand it thoroughly, and the rest of them will do so, if
they be good and patient. Multum in parvo is very true in
declarations of mutual love, and as I am in a quoting vein, I’ll e’en
quote from Tupper, so oft the butt of “witlings with a maggot in their
brain;” his writings will at any rate bear favourable comparison with
those of the sibilant geese who hiss at him. Quoth he,—

“Love! What a volume in a word! An ocean in a tear!

A seventh heaven in a glance! A whirlwind in a sigh!
The lightning in a touch!—A millenium in a moment!”

Well, the “millenium” had dawned on Philip and Lucy; they remained
long in close and peculiarly interesting conversation, but the door
was shut, and all I know about it is, that Nathan Blyth thought Lucy
unconscionably late with dinner. All things, however, have an end,
and at length Master Philip was ruthlessly expelled from Paradise,
and betook himself to the blacksmith’s shop. The gallant and noble
knight of the anvil laid down his hammer to greet his visitor, but
Philip was beforehand with him,—
“Nathan Blyth! Lucy has consented to be my wife.”
“Philip Fuller, you’ve loved her long, you’ve wooed her honourably,
you’ve won her heart, and in my soul, I believe you deserve her, and
that’s more than I could say of any other man on earth.”
A warm and hearty hand-grasp sealed the covenant. Philip Fuller
hasted to his ancestral Hall to gladden the heart of his father with
the welcome news that Lucy Blyth was his affianced wife. So Lucy
Blyth’s filial love and duty were at length rewarded, and Philip
Fuller’s loyalty to God, his father, and his love, obtained their well-
won prize.
 CHAPTER XXXVIII.
Black Morris “Wants that Brickbat Again.”

“O I have often seen the tear

From Pity’s eye flow bright and clear,
When Sympathy hath bid it stay,
And tremble on its timid way;
But there’s a tear more pure and bright,
And moulded with as soft a light,—
The tear that gushes from the eye,
Fresh from the founts of memory.”
Anon.

HE Rev. Theophilus Clayton and the earnest Methodist band of

which he was the head, did not let the grass grow under their
feet anent the scheme for the erection of the new chapel in
Nestleton. After the securing of the land, a public meeting
had been called, plans were presented, additional subscriptions
promised, and finally a day was fixed upon for the all-important
ceremony of laying the foundation stone. Philip Fuller, who was an
active member of the Building Committee, being quite aware that his
father would help to any amount that a free expenditure might
require, succeeded in getting such a scheme adopted as would
secure an elegant and attractive sanctuary, sufficiently spacious for
aggression, and so effective in its architecture as to be an ornament
to the lovely village in which it was to be erected. Again the famous
minister from York was secured. Squire Fuller himself had promised
to lay the stone, and every preparation was made for the grand
occasion when the corner-stone should be laid, and the long-hoped-
for undertaking should be inaugurated with enthusiasm and success.
A large and capacious tent was improvised by the aid of farmers’
stack-cloths, builders’ scaffold-poles, and other materials, on
Nestleton Green. Jabez Hepton and his apprentices were very busy
in rigging up temporary tables and rude forms, a platform for the
speakers, and other essentials for the great tea-meeting, and for the
public gathering which was to follow. An enormous boiler had been
borrowed from the Hall, urns and tea-pots, whose name was legion,
were requisitioned from all and sundry, and all things were ready for
the grand emprise. A glorious spring day, beautifully soft and balmy,
was providentially accorded them. Banners and bunting, evergreens
and flowers, adorned the scaffold-poles around the brick foundations
which had been already laid, waved from the summit of the tent,
and were lavishly scattered in its bright interior; while just before the
canvass doorway, John Morris and his brothers, with the help of Jake
Olliver, had erected a triumphal arch, which was quite a marvellous
triumph of village art.
The “trays” for the public tea had all been given and provided in that
bounteous and luxurious fashion for which the Yorkshire farm
mistresses are proverbial. Hams, tongues and fowls, tarts and pies,
cheese-cakes, tea-cakes, plum-cakes, rice-cakes, and other
toothsome triumphs of confectionery, mingled with a profusion of
plainer fare, and exhibited such a sum total of appetising edibilities,
that Jabez Hepton’s tables curved and creaked beneath their weight.
As for the people who gathered there on that auspicious day, it
really seemed as though the whole Kesterton Circuit had immigrated
to Nestleton Green. Kesterton was represented by scores of
sympathisers, and every village in Messrs. Clayton and Mitchell’s
pastorate sent a detachment to swell the crowd. As for Nestleton
itself, why it was there bodily. On that day, at any rate, the plough
might stand in the furrow, and the horses experienced two Sundays
in the week. The central ceremony passed smoothly off: Squire
Fuller did his unfamiliar duty in a deft and skilful way, and finished
his short address of warm congratulation, by placing a hundred
pounds upon the stone he had just “well and truly laid.” Two or three
speeches were delivered, the indispensable collection was made, the
“Doxology” and “God save the King” were sung with a perfect furore
of enthusiasm, and then a general adjournment was made to the
“tented field.” A battle royal succeeded; such an overwhelming
charge was made upon urn and teapot, loaf and pastry, flesh and
fowl, that in a very little while the boards were swept of their
supplies, and the trampled ground was strewed with shattered
fragments, the only surviving token of the fierceness of the fray. At
the evening meeting the squire of Waverdale again took the place of
honour, and delighted all his hearers with the simple relation of his
religious experience, and his grateful references to the Methodist
influences which had been brought to bear on himself and son. “As
for good old Adam Olliver,” quoth the squire, “he is one of Nature’s
noblemen. No, that won’t do either, for our grand old friend is in the
highest sense a patriarch in holiness and grace. My debt to him is
greater than he knows; greater than he will ever know until the light
of eternity flashes on the doings of time. I desire in his name to
contribute a further sum of fifty pounds, and I heartily pray that the
chapel about to be built may be the means of perpetuating and
multiplying such genuine specimens of piety, integrity, and goodness
among the villagers of Nestleton.”
Mr. Houston read a statement of a financial kind, which set forth a
very hopeful state of things, and then the squire called on Philip
Fuller to address the meeting. The young and handsome heir of the
Waverdale estates received an unmistakable ovation which said
much for his hold upon the general esteem, and promised much for
his future influence over those among whom he would one day
occupy so powerful a position for evil or for good. When Philip rose
to his feet there was a certain young lady who felt a sudden flutter
at her heart as to how he would acquit himself. He was quite as
effective, however, in his work as she had been in hers, and that is
saying much, for in the dreadful fight among the crockery and its
contents, Lucy Blyth had handled her weapons like a heroine, as
many a sated tea-bibber and muffin-eater could testify.
“My dear father and Mr. Chairman,” quoth Philip—and here the
unconscionable tipplers of the not inebriating stimulus cheered again
—“among the many causes of gratitude and joy that fill my heart to-
day, one of the very greatest is the joy of seeing you in that position.
How good God has been to me you know full well. I stand here
happy in the consciousness of a Saviour’s love, as one raised by a
miracle from the bed of death, rich in the possession of your
sympathy and love, both intensified by the power of a common faith
in Jesus, and as the prospective possessor of the fairest prize in
Waverdale.” Here the applause was almost deafening; hats and
handkerchiefs were waved in frantic excitement, and if any purblind
idiot was ignorant of Lucy’s hold upon the people’s hearts, he was
there and then enlightened fully and for evermore. “I, too, sir, must
render my acknowledgments to Adam Olliver, my spiritual father, my
trusted friend, my counsellor and guide. My heart is far too full for
fitting speech. To honest, humble, hearty Methodist people, under
God, I owe all that is worth having in this world; and I propose by
God’s help to live among them and to labour with them as long as
He shall please to spare my life. I, too, sir, with your permission,
would give £100 in token of my gratitude to the Great Giver of all my
good.”
In the same high strain of gratitude, speaker followed speaker, and
the interest of the meeting was not only sustained but heightened.
The minister from York gave a full, clear exposition of the distinctive
doctrines of Methodism and the chief peculiarities of its discipline, to
which, it was noted, the squire gave earnest, studious, and
approving heed; Mr. Clayton talked wisely and well of Methodism’s
special mission to Nestleton, and sketched in glowing colours a
prophetic history of the new chapel, and the good work that should
there be done for God. Mr. Mitchell found a thrilling and congenial
theme in the Midden Harbour mission, and the triumphs of grace
among its vicious and degraded inhabitants. Then the meeting was
thrown open for the reception of gifts and promises, and it soon
appeared as if, like Moses with the Israelites, Mr. Clayton would have
to ask them to “stay their hand.” Jabez Hepton would make and give
the pulpit; Kasper Crabtree would build the wall around the chapel
grounds and surmount it with iron palisades; George Cliffe the
carrier, and other owners of horses would “lead” the bricks, lime,
sand, stone, slates, and timber free of cost. Widow Appleton
promised the proceeds of her jargonelle pear-tree, and Piggy Morris
would give a litter of porkers to increase the swelling funds. At
length, up rose Black Morris, but so widely different was his aspect
as compared with the sad, bad times of old—clean shaven, and with
shortened locks, the old scowl conspicuous by its absence, and the
entire countenance so illuminated with the gleam of grace, that all
present felt that Black Morris was as dead as Queen Anne, that the
soubriquet was a libel, and that the “John Morris” of his innocent
youth-hood had risen from the dead. Latterly the ex-poacher had
sought with much success to gather employment as a farrier, and
there seemed to be a reasonable prospect of prosperity in that
particular line. John Morris asked permission to address the meeting;
in feeling strains that held his hearers spell-bound, he recounted his
strange and startling experience. He told the story of the brickbat,
and pointed, with tears in his eyes, to the scar on Mr. Clayton’s face;
ofttimes half-choked with sobs, he struggled through the narrative of
his never-to-be-forgotten ride in the circuit gig. He told how he
watched Mr. Clayton at Kesterton town-end with the brickbat in his
hand. “I said as I put it in my pocket,” said he, “and turned down
the Nestleton-road, ‘Hey, I shall want it again.’ And now I do want it
again. Here it is! (and he held the missile up before them), I want to
give it to the new chapel. I’ve saved five pounds, and will save, by
God’s help fifteen more, which I rejoice to give in gratitude to God;
but I want to ask you to build the brickbat into the building, for it
has been bathed many a time in tears of penitence, and I thank
God, it has also been bathed in tears of joy.” The scene which
followed baffles description. Mr. Clayton hid his face in his hands and
wept like a child, the sobs of Piggy Morris and his gentle Mary were
heard above the deep but suppressed murmurs of sympathy which
ran through the tearful crowd. By-and-bye, “Aud Adam Olliver” arose
and said,—
“Mr. Chairman! If ivver there was a man upo’ t’ ’arth ’at was a’most
ower ’appy te live, it’s me. Halleluia! Halleluia! Prayse the Lord! an’
let all the people say, Amen.” And they did say it, as if they meant it.
Adam proceeded, “Neet an’ day for mair then fotty year, ah’ve bin
prayin’ an’ waitin’ te see this day. An’ noo its cum, an’ cum iv a shap’
’at fair tonns me’ heead wi’ joy. When me an’ mah dear aud Judy
com’ here te-day, and ah saw this greeat big tent afoore uz, an’ t’
flags flappin’ on t’ top on it, ah could’nt help sayin’, ‘Judy, mi’ lass!
There’s t’ tabernacle there alriddy, an’ t’ temple ’ll be up and
oppened afoare Can’lemas-day. Prayse the Lord!’ We’ve had monny
a blessed tahme i’ mah lahtle hoose, an’ Maister Houston’s kitchen’s
been filled wi’ t’ glory o’ the Lord. Beeath on ’em’s been a Bochim wi’
t’ tears o’ penitent sowls, an’ thenk the Lord beeath on em’s been a
Bethel, wheer poor wanderin’ sinners like Jacob hez fun’ the Lord.
Ah’ve been thinkin’ o’ t’ good aud sowls ’at’s gone te heaven oot o’
mah lahtle class, since fost it wer’ started, playmaytes an’
cumpanions o’ mahne an’ Judy’s. Why scoores on ’em hez crossed
ower Jordan, dry-shod, an’ gone te be for ivver wi’ the Lord. Me an’
Judy’s aboot all there’s left o’ t’ real aud standers. We are like a
coople o’ poor, dry trimmlin’ leeaves, still shackin’ upo’ t’ tree i’
winter; when wa’ fall we sall fall as leet as they deea, an’ t’ wind ’at
bloas us doon ’ll bloa us up ageean an’ carry us inte Paradise,—

‘Te flourish in endurin’ bloom

Seeaf frae diseeases an’ decline.’

Then there’s that grand victh’ry ’at the Lord’s gi’en us i’ Midden
Harbour. Scoores o’ poor sowls ’at’s been liggin’ amang t’ pots hez
gotten ‘wings o’ silver an’ feathers o’ yallow gold.’ Prayse the Lord!
An’ noo, Mr. Chairman, let’s remember what the Lord said te t’
Israelites when they camped bi’ t’ side o’ Jordan, ’at owerfload its
banks i’ harvest-tahme. It seeamed as though they could nivver
cross it, it was sae rough an’ sae deep. He said, be’ t’ mooth ov ’is
sarvan, Joshua, ‘Sanctify ye’rsens, an’ i’ t’ mornin’ the Lord ’ll work
wunders fo’ yo’ l’ an’ sae He will for uz. Noo, Mr. Chairman, ah’ll say
nae mair, bud nobbut propooase ’at John Morris’s hoaf-brick be built
i’ t’ frunt o’ t’ chapil, i’ sitch a spot ’at ’is bairns an’ their bairns efter
’em may nivver forget hoo the Lord mak’s t’ wrath ov man te prayse
Him, an’ hoo He browt John Morris te t’ Sayviour’s feet.”
The meeting was at length brought to a conclusion, and the people
trod their homeward way, filled with precious experiences of a day
which still lives in the memories of some who are yet spared by the
sweeping scythe of Time, to tell the story of the glorious meeting on
Nestleton Green, and the episode of Black Morris’s singular
contribution. In due time the front gable reared its graceful head,
and midway in the wall was placed a slab of stone, with a square
orifice cut in the middle, in which the brickbat was inserted, and
round about it an inscription to the following effect:—

Wesleyan Methodist Chapel,

Built 1835.

One day, when Mr. Clayton was sauntering round the new erection,
noticing with much satisfaction how nearly it approached
completion, he was joined by John Morris, who paid a daily visit of
inspection to the building in which he had so deep and strong an
interest. They stood together, reading the inscription on the tablet
and looking at the suggestive square within.
“Morris,” said Mr. Clayton with a smile, “that cut in the stone will
outlast the scar on my cheek! I count that seam one of the most
precious things that I possess.”
“And I,” said Morris, “count it one of the most shameful things that
even I ever did in my reckless wickedness. But, see, there is a B
directly below it and an M immediately above it, and so it will
perpetuate Black Morris’s repentance so long as the walls endure; or,
if you read it downwards, Morris’s Brickbat is intimated quite as
clearly.”
“Well, that’s one way of looking at it,” said Mr. Clayton, laughing,
“but I have already read it downwards, and in my own mind have
translated it into Methodist Booty; and I declare to you that I would
willingly bear the brunt of another attack if I could capture another
brickbat and another warm-hearted Christian like John Morris;” so
saying he shook his companion warmly by the hand. That worthy
fellow’s answer was a grateful look, through glistening eyes, as he
silently turned away.
 CHAPTER XXXIX.
Nestleton Puts on Holiday Attire.

“Now all is done; bring home the bride again,

Bring home the triumph of our victory;
Bring home with you the glory of her gain,
With joyaunce bring her and with jollitie.
Never had man more joyful day than this,
Whom heaven would heap with bliss.
Make feast, therefore, now all this livelong day,
This day for ever to me holy is.”
Spenser.

HE spring buds had expanded into summer flowers, May

blossoms had developed into autumn fruits, and the corn-
fields were nearly white unto the harvest, when the finishing
touch was given to Nestleton Chapel, and the day came round
when that much-admired sanctuary was to be publicly opened and
solemnly consecrated to God. Great as was the stir and the
enthusiasm when the corner-stone was laid, that event had to hide
its diminished head in presence of this crowning ceremony. The top-
stone was emphatically brought on with shouting, and on that day
Nestleton, with the whole Kesterton Circuit as a boon companion,
gave itself up to an ecstacy of godly dissipation. Nor will this be
wondered at, when it is remembered that the programme of the
opening ceremonies included so joyous and important an episode as
the marriage of Philip Fuller and Lucy Blyth. The fact that this
ceremony was to take place in a “Methodist conventicle,” as the new
building was contemptuously called, an act which was just made
legally possible, thinned the number of invited guests considerably,
as well as did the fact of Philip’s plebeian choice of a bride from a
blacksmith’s hearth-stone. Both he and his father could well afford to
excuse the absence of all such pitiful slaves to an unreasonable
conventionalism, which cared more for caste than character, and
paid a grovelling homage at the shrine of Mrs. Grundy. Philip knew
that he was about to gain a first-class prize in what, as things go, is
too truly a “matrimonial lottery.” His father knew that he was about
to welcome to Waverdale Hall a member of the higher aristocracy of
goodness and virtue, compared with which, blue blood and a
pedigree dating from the Norman Conquest were trivialities too
insignificant for mention; as for a mere Plutocracy, whose merit
consists in money and acres, the old squire, even before his moral
change had come, would have looked down on it with disdain. Now,
both his own and his son’s convictions chimed in with Tennyson’s
sentiment,—

“Trust me, Clara Vere de Vere;

From yon blue heavens above us bent,
The grand old gardener and his wife,
Smile at your claims of long descent.
Howe’er it be, it seems to me,
’Tis only noble to be good;
Kind hearts are more than coronets,
And simple faith than Norman blood.”

And so it was, that no shadow of regret or drawback mingled with

the glad events of that auspicious day, which crowned the happiness
of two loyal hearts, filled the old squire’s cup with blessing,
dispersed the last vestige of fear from Blithe Natty’s mind, drove
Nestleton into hysterical delight, and filled all Waverdale with joy.
At Old Adam Olliver’s suggestion, the first service on the opening
day was held at eight o’clock in the morning, and consisted solely of
prayer and praise, with a brief address from Mr. Clayton, to whom
they were so greatly indebted, alike for the initiation of the scheme
and its triumphant completion. Herein, the wise and thoughtful
villagers happed exactly on what was indisputably the fitting thing to
do, both as to the nature of the primal service and the choice of the
individual who should line out the first hymn of praise and offer the
consecrating prayer. The custom which prevails of asking some
popular minister from a distance to perform this honourable task,
and to make a sermon the chief feature of the dedication, is one
which would be much more honoured in the breach than the
observance. He has had no sleep-depriving cares, no tireless
labours, no anxious heartaches, during the harassing history of the
work, and probably never heard of it, until he receives the invitation
to be the high priest of the day. Let those who present the gift lay it
upon the altar, and then it may be wise to summon whatever
oratorical harp, sackbut, and psaltery may add effect and interest to
the holy festival. During that early morning meeting the crowd of
worshippers had evidence prompt and potent that their gift had
“come up acceptable before God.”
“Cum an’ fill the hoose in which we sit!” pleaded Adam Olliver;
“suddenly cum te Thi’ temple. It’s Thahne! It’s nobbut a poor thing
cumpared wi’ what Thoo’s gi’en te uz, bud it’s best we can deea!
Mair sud Thoo hev, if we had mair! An’ we gi’ Thoo oorsens wiv it.
Tak’ it an’ tak’ uz, O Lord. Cum an’ live in it, an’ iv oor ’arts. Let t’
cloven tungues o’ fire sit on uz while we kneel! Greeat grace be noo
upon uz all!”
And “great grace” did come, “and the glory of the Lord filled the
temple,” for we may be assured that such a gift offered in such a
spirit, by those inspired by such motives, shall now and ever be
graciously acknowledged by Him whose name is recorded there. It
will be seen that the building was now fitly prepared for the second
ceremonial, which was nothing less than the joining together of
Philip and Lucy in the holy bands of matrimony. I am sorry to
disappoint those of my readers who are eagerly looking for “a true
and particular description of that interesting transaction.” Were I to
make the attempt my pen would be like Pharaoh’s chariots in the
Red Sea’s vacated bed, which “drave heavily,” and would lag in
tedious despondency, conscious that the feat was beyond its power.
Suffice it to say that there were all the usual accessories common to
such a rare occasion: orange flowers and veils and coaches, horses
with white rosettes and tasseled ear-caps, wedding guests in white
gloves, white waistcoats, or white robes, according as their sex
demanded. This I may note, that the Rev. Matthew Mitchell was
promoted to the high position of “best man,” adding my own opinion
that a much better man would have been difficult to discover. Mr.
Mitchell was kept in countenance by a couple of Philip’s college
chums, who loved him in his student days, and whose esteem was
of that true metal which did not lose its ring at the sight of a
Methodist chapel or a cottage-born bride. Amongst the bridesmaids
was one of Lucy’s school companions, who rejoiced in being the
daughter of “a private gentleman of competent means,” which may
probably be accepted by Mrs. Grundy as a passable certificate,
giving right of entry within the magic circle of “people of position.” It
may be depended on, however, that this was not our Lucy’s reason
for selecting her. That was because she was as good as gold, had
been for years a correspondent given to writing crossed letters, and
was a true and bosom friend. I should not like to forget that bonny
Grace Houston was also an attractive feature of the bridal train, and
more than one or two observant spectators of the day’s proceedings
were led to suspect, from certain numerous, but undefinable
phenomena, that Mr. Mitchell “had an eye in that direction.” As for
the two chief actors in this exciting and brilliant business, I can only
say that Philip bore himself as nobly as a conqueror should, and led
his captive with so proud a mien that you might have thought she
was a De Montmorency or a Fitzroy at the very least. Lucy was
simply Lucy, for I declare that yards and yards of white tulle, yards
and yards of silvery drapery, a marvellous wreath of orange
blossoms, satin shoes, and all the rest of her bridal adornments,
could not add one iota to the magical charm which dwelt in and
around the plain unvarnished “Lucy” whom we know.
“Isn’t she an angel,” said little Alice Vokes, one of the white-kilted
fairies who strewed the carpet pathway from gate to altar with
flowers.
“Isn’t she a stunner,” said Tom Raspin, a chubby youth of ten who
formed one of a Sunday-school detachment “on guard.”
My own opinion is that she was both, even with the addition of the
adjectives “perfect” and “regular” which were tacked on by the
respondents in their emphatic replies.
There! I beg to decline further penny-a-lining on this subject. Let my
readers paint the picture themselves, and then get an artist in colour
to touch it off, with special orders “not to spare the paint,” and thus
they may arrive at a satisfactory idea of Lucy’s wedding. Mr. Clayton
tied the “hymeneal knot,” and I am in a position to affirm that he
was “assisted by”—nobody; that nonsensical innovation was then
happily unknown. When the wedding party drove off to Waverdale
Hall, amid the enthusiastic applause of no end of uninvited
spectators, Adam Olliver turned to Farmer Houston, and said with a
smile,—
“There, Maister! T’ pattern’s finished. God set t’ shuttle te wark i’
answer te wer’ prayers. Nestleton Chapil was in it, Squire Fuller was
in it, Philip and Lucy’s weddin’ was in it. Noo it’s finished, bless the
Lord, an’ a pratty pattern it is.”

The wedding breakfast was a grand business. The great dining-hall

was “furnished with guests;” stately lackies with powdered hair and
abnormal calves, got as usual into each other’s way, and looked
innocently unconscious of all that was going on. The most rigid
justice was measured out to the sumptuous viands waiting
sepulture, and then, that time of test and trial, that running of the
gauntlet, that shivering plunge amid broken ice, the speechifying
time, came round. Lucy pierced the Brobdignagian Greco-Gothic
edifice of a bride-cake gallantly and resolutely, as though she had a
spite against it, an article she never possessed against anything or
anybody; then Philip gripped the weapon and speedily put it to the
sword, sending round its ice-and-sugar mailed morsels to the
expectant guests. Then followed the various toasts customary on
such occasions, connected with speeches which need not be
reported: their gist and character may be well imagined. Mr. Mitchell
was the last speaker. He could not begin with, “unaccustomed as I
am to public speaking,” as is often the case, but he displayed a
nervousness which nobody who had heard him hold forth in Piggy
Morris’s malt-kiln would ever have given him credit for. For a minute
or two he floundered, and no wonder, the surroundings were
somewhat different from those in the Midden Harbour Chapel of
Ease; but he happened to catch a suspicious smile on the face of
one of Philip’s college friends, and at once he felt the gravity of the
occasion. The honour of Methodism, of Lucy Blyth’s—I beg her
pardon, Lucy Fuller’s—clerical connections, of Philip’s choice of a
Church were at stake, so he pulled himself together, and planted his
feet firmly en the ground, as though he was about to quote Sir
Walter Scott,—

“Come one, come all! this rock shall fly

From its firm base as soon as I!”

“Mr. Chairman!” A roar of laughter and rappings that made the

glasses dance a fandango, greeted this lapsus linguæ, but he was
now equal to the occasion,—
“That is the word I should have used if ‘my foot had been on my
native heath,’ as it is I must forego the familiar formula, and at once
address myself to the attractive task before me. There can be but
one opinion as to the peculiar charm which the bridesmaids have
lent to the happy proceedings of the day. Their winning beauty, the
magic influence, shall I say, the grace,——”
“Yes, Grace Houston!” said a waggish guest, who had noted the
speaker’s marked devotion to that more than comely damsel:
whereupon our tyro blushed like a boy, and almost lost his
equilibrium, while Grace herself found something amiss with the rose
on her bosom, which required close attention to secure its proper re-
adjustment.
“I recommend the young gentlemen here present,” continued he, “to
‘use well the present moment,’ for not only may they go further and
fare worse, but they may go anywhere and not fare so well. I hope
that this bevy of fair damsels may speedily follow in the steps of the
bride, and have the promise of as fair a future.”
Of course, “all went merry as a marriage bell,” until at last the
carriage rolled up to the door, and the bridal pair departed amid
cheers, and tears, and blessings, to spend the honeymoon at
Scarborough, in which delightful resort of health and pleasure I will
leave them awhile, and proceed to chronicle the subsequent doings
of Nestleton in its holiday attire.
The entire village, together with its numerous visitors, had
immigrated bodily to Waverdale Park. A bountiful feast was spread
for all comers, an ox had been roasted whole for their delectation,
and a boundless supply of other comestibles had been provided by
the squire and his son, to an extent that defied the heavy run upon
them to exhaust. I am bound to say that there was also a sufficient
supply of foaming ale, for beneficent teetotalism had not yet
penetrated those rural regions, and Good Templary had not been
even dreamed of by the most determined and sanguine votary of
anti-Bacchus. Of course, there were more speeches, in the course of
which the squire himself proposed the health of Old Adam Olliver.
The old hedger received an ovation such as might well have turned
the heads of less humble men. For a moment or two the old man
was in danger of being mounted, chair and all, upon the shoulders
of his fellow-villagers, and carried in triumph round the park. They
contented themselves, however, by calling for a speech.
“Ah’s varry mitch obliged te yo’,” quoth Adam, “bud speeach-mackin’
at tahmes like theease is altegither oot o’ mah line. Ah will say this,
hooivver, ’at Nestleton nivver saw sitch a day as this afoore, an’ ah
deean’t think ’at it’s ivver likely te see sitch anuther. Mah poor aud
een’s run a’most dry wi’ tears o’ grattitude an’ joy. Nestleton’s getten
a chapil, an’t’ yung squire’s getten Lucy, an’ t’ aud squire’s getten a
dowter withoot a marro’, an’ Nathan Blyth’s getten a son ’at owt te
mak’ ’im stand three inches bigger iv his shoon; an’ what Nestleton’s
getten i’ hevin’ ’em all ’ll be a blessin’ tiv it for ivver an’ ivver. As for
me an’ Judy, we’ve nobbut gotten yah wish left, an’ that’s te see
Pete ageean. But that’s as the Lord will. Ah’s an aud man, an’ me’
wark’s deean. Ah’ve hed te hing up me slashin’-knife an’ hedgin’-
gluvs, an’ ah’s just waitin’ quietly te gan when t’ Maister calls ma’. Ah
pray ’at t’ yung cupple may be varry happy, an’ ah’s seear they will,
for—

‘’Tis religion ’at can give

Reeal pleasure while we live;’

an’, prayse the Lord, they hev it, beeath on ’em. Ah wop they’ll hae
their quiver full ov bonny bairns, an’ bring ’em up i’ t’ fear o’ God:
an’ efter a lang an’ ’appy an’ useful life, ’at they’ll end their days i’
peeace, an’ gan te be for ivver wi’ the Lord; for—

‘’Tis religion can supply

Solid cumfort when we die.’

May God bless ’em, an’ bless t’ aud squire, an’ bless uz all. Amen!”
Old Adam’s words were felt to be a benediction, and a deep and
earnest “Amen!” arose to float the old man’s prayer to heaven.
The day was fitly wound up with another service in the new chapel,
when a sermon was preached by a minister of mighty name and
fame from London, who had come to aid them in the dedication of
their holy and beautiful house of prayer. So ended a day, which will
long be remembered in the annals of Waverdale, as the day of
“Nestleton Chapel opening and Lucy Blyth’s wedding!”
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