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 Contributors

M.C. ALLWOOD, B . PHARM ., PH . D .

University of Derby, School of Health and Community Studies, Pharmacy Academic Practice
Unit, Kingsway House, Derby, DE22 3HL, U.K. E-mail: [email protected]
J.K. ARONSON, M . A ., M . B . CH . B ., D . PHIL ., F. R . C . P.
University Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Radcliffe Infirmary, Woodstock Road, Oxford,
OX2 6HE, U.K. E-mail: [email protected]
S. ARROYO, M . D ., PH . D .
Medical College of Wisconsin, Froedtert Hospital, Department of Neurology, 9200 West Wis-
consin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected]
I. AURSNES, M . D .
University of Oslo, Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, P.O. Box 1065 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo,
Norway. E-mail: [email protected]
A.M. BALDACCHINO, M . D ., M . R . C . PSYCH ., M . PHIL ., DIP. ADD . BEH .
Centre for Addiction Studies, St. George’s Hospital Medical School, 6th Floor, Hunter Wing,
Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, U.K.
M. BEHREND, M . D ., PH . D .
Klinik für Viszeral-, Gefäß-, Thorax- und Kinderchirurgie, Klinikum Deggendorf, Perlasberger
Str. 41, D-94469 Deggendorf, Germany. E-mail: [email protected]
T. BICANIC, M . A ., MB . CH . B ., M . R . C . P.
St. George’s Hospital Medical School, Department of Infectious Diseases, Cranmer Terrace,
London, SW17 0RE, U.K.
C. BOKEMEYER, PH . D ., M . D .
Department of Hematology/Oncology/Immunology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, UKT
- Medical Center II, Department of Hematology, Oncology, Immunology, Rheumatology,
Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
A. CARVAJAL, M . D ., PH . D .
Instituto de Farmacoepidemiologia, Facultad de Medicine, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.
E-mail: [email protected]
N.H. CHOULIS, M . D ., PH . D .
LAVIPHARM Research Laboratories, Agias Marinas Street, 19002 Peania (Attika), Greece.
E-mail: [email protected]
P. COATES, M . B . B . S ., F. R . A . C . P., F. R . C . P. A .
University of Pittsburgh, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1110 Kaufmann Build-
ing, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected]
J. COSTA, M . D .
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Clinical Phar-
macology Department, Ctra de Canyet, 08916 Badalona, Spain. E-mail: [email protected]

v
vi Contributors

P.J. COWEN, M . D .
University Department of Psychiatry, Warenford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, U.K.
E-mail: [email protected]

S. CURRAN, B . S . C ., M . B . CH . B ., M . MED . SC ., M . R . C . PSYCH ., PH . D .

South West Yorkshire Mental Health NHS Trust, Aberford Centre, Wakefield, U.K.
E-mail: [email protected]

H.J. DE SILVA, M . B . B . S ., M . D ., D . PHIL ., F. R . C . P., F. R . C . P. E ., F. C . C . P.

University of Kelaniya, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 6, Ragama, Sri
Lanka. E-mail: [email protected]

F.A. DE WOLFF, M . A ., PH . D ., EUR . CLIN . CHEM ., E . R . T., F. A . T. S .

Leiden University Medical Centre, Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy
and Toxicology, Albinusdreef 2, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
E-mail: [email protected]

A. DEL FAVERO, M . D .
Istituto di Medicina Interna e Science Oncologiche, Policlinico Monteluce, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
E-mail: [email protected]

J. DESCOTES, M . D ., PH . D ., PHARM . D .
Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Centre Antipoison – Centre de Pharmacovigilance, 5 Place d’Arsonval,
69347 Lyon cedex 03, France. E-mail: [email protected]

S. DITTMANN, M . D ., D . SC . MED .
Vice-Chairman, German Advisory Committee on Immunization, 19 Hatzenporter Weg, 12681
Berlin, Germany. E-mail: [email protected]

M.N.G. DUKES
Trosterudveien 19, 0778 Oslo, Norway. E-mail: [email protected]

I.R. EDWARDS, M . B ., F. R . C . P., F. R . A . C . P.

Uppsala Monitoring Centre, The WHO Collaborating Centre for International Drug Monitoring,
Stora Torget 3, S-753 20 Uppsala, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected]

H.W. EIJKHOUT, M . D .
Sanquin CLB, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
E-mail: [email protected]

E. ERNST, M . D ., PH . D ., F. R . C . P. ( EDIN )
University of Exeter, Peninsula Medical School, Department of Complementary Medicine, 25
Victoria Park Road, Exeter, EX2 4NT, U.K. E-mail: [email protected]

M. FARRÉ, M . D .
Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Institut Municipal d’Investigació Mèdica (IMIM-IMAS),
Unitat de Farmacologia, Doctor Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. E-mail: [email protected]

D.J. FINNEY, M . A ,. SC . D .
13 Oswald Court, South Oswald Road, Edinburgh, EG9 2HY, U.K.
E-mail: [email protected]

J.A. FRANKLYN, M . D ., PH . D ., F. R . C . P., F. MED . SCI .

University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Department of Medicine, Edgbaston,
Birmingham, B15 2TH, U.K. E-mail: [email protected]
Contributors vii

M.G. FRANZOSI, PH . D .
Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Department of Cardiovascular Research,
Via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milan, Italy. E-mail: [email protected]
A.H. GHODSE, M . D ., PH . D ., F. R . C . P., F. R . C . PSYCH .
Centre for Addiction Studies, St. George’s Hospital Medial School, 6th Floor, Hunter Wing,
Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, U.K. E-mail: [email protected]
G. GILLESPIE, M . B . CH . B . F. R . C . A .
Royal Perth Hospital, Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, GPO Box X2213, Perth,
WA 6847, Australia. E-mail: [email protected]
A.H. GROLL, M . D .
Infectious Disease Research Program, Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation and Division
of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelms University, Muenster, Germany.
E-mail: [email protected]
K. HARTMANN, P. SC . PHARM .
Swiss Drug Monitoring Center, Neubruchstrasse 37, 7000 Chur, Switzerland.
J.T. HARTMANN, PH . D ., M . D .
Department of Hematology/Oncology/Immunology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, UKT
- Medical Center II, Department of Hematology, Oncology, Immunology, Rheumatology,
Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
E-mail: [email protected]
A. IMHOF, M . D .
Program in Infectious Disease, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N,
D3-100, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected]
PROFESSOR L.L. IVERSEN, M . A ., PH . D .
University of Oxford, Department of Pharmacology, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, U.K.
E-mail: [email protected]
PROFESSOR J.W. JEFFERSON, M . D .
University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison Institute of Medicine, 7617 Mineral Point
Road, Madison, WI 53717, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected]
M. JOERGER, M . D .
Kantonsspital, Department of Internal Medicine, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
P. JOUBERT, B . SC ., M . B . B . CH ., M . MED . SC ., F. C . P.( SA ), M . D .
Honorary Professor of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Medical University of Southern Africa,
Pretoria, South Africa. E-mail: [email protected]
H.M.J. KRANS, M . D .
Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases,
Building 1 C4-R, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
E-mail: [email protected]
S. KRISHNA, B . A ., D . PHIL ., F. R . C . P.
St. George’s Hospital Medical School, Department of Infectious Diseases, Cranmer Terrace,
London, SW17 0RE, U.K. E-mail: [email protected]
M. KUHN, M . D .
Swiss Drug Monitoring Center, Neubruchstrasse 37, 7000 Chur, Switzerland.
E-mail: [email protected]
viii Contributors

R. LATINI, M . D .
Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Department of Cardiovascular Research,
Via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milan, Italy. E-mail: [email protected]

M. LEUWER, M . D .
The University of Liverpool, University Department of Anaesthesia, The Duncan Building,
Daulby Street, Liverpool, L69 3GA, U.K. E-mail: [email protected]

H.-P. LIPP, PH . D .
Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Röntgenweg 9, 72076
Tübingen, Germany.

C. LUDWIG, M . D .
Abt. Thoraxchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Ger-
many.

P. MAGEE, B . SC ., M . SC ., M . R . PHARM . S .
Director of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford
Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, U.K. E-mail: [email protected]

A.P. MAGGIONI, M . D .
Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Department of Cardiovascular Research,
Via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milan, Italy. E-mail: [email protected]

L.H. MARTÍN ARIAS, M . D ., PH . D .

Instituto de Farmacoepidemiologia, Facultad de Medicina, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.
E-mail: [email protected]

I.R. MCNICHOLL, PHARM . D ., B . C . P. S . WITH ADDED QUALIFICATIONS IN INFECTIOUS DIS -

EASES
UCSF Positive Health Program, Building 80, Ward 86, San Francisco General Hospital, 995
Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected]

M.M.H.M. MEINARDI, M . D ., PH . D .
Academic Medical Centre, Department of Dermatology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam,
The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected]

R.H.B. MEYBOOM, M . D ., PH . D .
Department of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Utrecht Uni-
versity, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.

T. MIDTVEDT, M . D ., PH . D .
Karolinska Institutet, Laboratory of Medical Microbial Ecology, Von Eulers v. 5, Box 60 400,
S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected]

S.K. MORCOS, F. R . C . S ., F. F. R . R . C . S . I ., F. R . C . R .
Northern General Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Department of Diagnostic
Imaging, Sheffield, S5 7AU, U.K. E-mail: [email protected]

W.M.C. MULDER, M . D ., PH . D .
Academic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam,
The Netherlands.

S. MUSA, M . B . CH . B ., M . R . C . PSYCH .
South West Yorkshire Mental Health NHS Trust, Aberford Centre, Wakefield, U.K.
Contributors ix

S. OLSSON, M . SCI . PHARM .

Uppsala Monitoring Centre, The WHO Collaborating Centre for International Drug Monitoring,
Stora Torget 3, S-753 20 Uppsala, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected]

J.N. PANDE, M . D ., F. A . M . S .
Professor of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi
110029, India. E-mail: [email protected]

J.K. PATEL, M . D .
University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 361 Plantation Street,
Worcester, MA 01605, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected]

K. PEERLINCK, M . D .
University of Leuven, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology and Division of Bleeding and
Vascular Disorders, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. E-mail: [email protected]

T. PLANCHE, M . R . C . P.
St. George’s Hospital Medical School, Department of Infectious Diseases, Cranmer Terrace,
London, SW17 0RE, U.K.

B.C.P. POLAK, M . D .
VU University Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Ams-
terdam, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected]

H.D. REUTER, PH . D .
Siebengebirgsallee 24, D-50939 Köln, Germany. E-mail: [email protected]

M. SCHACHTER, M . D .
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St. Mary’s Hospital, London, W2 1NY, U.K. E-mail:
[email protected]

S.A. SCHUG, M . D ., F. A . N . Z . C . A ., F. F. P. M . A . N . Z . C . A .
University of Western Australia, Anaesthesia, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, MRF
Building, GPO Box X2213, Perth, WA 6847, Australia. E-mail: [email protected]

G. SCREATON, B . M . B . CH ., D . PHIL ., M . R . C . P.
Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hos-
pital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DS, U.K. E-mail: [email protected]

R.P. SEQUEIRA, PH . D .
Arabian Gulf University, College of Medicine and Medial Sciences, Department of Pharmacol-
ogy and Therapeutics, P.O. Box 22979, Manama, Bahrain. E-mail: [email protected]

DOMENIC A. SICA, M . D .
Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Hypertension, Division of Nephrology, Medical College
of Virginia of Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980160 MCV Station, Richmond, Vir-
ginia 23298-0160, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected]

A. STANLEY, PH . D ., M . R . PHARM . S .
Birmingham Oncology Centre, St. Chad’s Unit, City Hospital, Dudley Road, Birmingham, B18
7QH, U.K. E-mail: [email protected]

K.J.D. STANNARD, B . SC ., M . B . B . S ., F. R . C . A .
Royal Perth Hospital, Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, GPO Box X2213, Perth,
WA 6847, Australia. E-mail: [email protected]
x Contributors

W.G. VAN AKEN, M . D .

Sanquin CLB, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
E-mail: [email protected]

G.B. VAN DER VOET, PH . D ., E . R . T.

Leiden University Medical Centre, Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy
and Toxicology, Albinusdreef 2, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
E-mail: [email protected]
P.J.J. VAN GENDEREN, M . D ., PH . D .
Habour Hospital and Institute of Tropical Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Har-
ingvliet 2, 3011 TD Rotterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected]

R. VERHAEGHE, M . D .
University of Leuven, Center for Vascular and Molecular Biology, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven,
Belgium. E-mail: [email protected]

J. VERMYLEN, M . D .
University of Leuven, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology and Division of Bleeding and
Vascular Disorders, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. E-mail: [email protected]

T. VIAL, M . D .
Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Centre Antipoison – Centre de Pharmacovigilance, 5 Place d’Arsonval,
69347 Lyon cedex 03, France. E-mail: [email protected]

P.J.M. VOSSEBELD, PH . D .
Sanquin CLB, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
E-mail: [email protected]
G.M. WALSH, M . SC ., PH . D .
University of Aberdeen, IMS Building, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Foresterhill,
Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, U.K. E-mail: [email protected]

T.J. WALSH, M . D .
Immunocompromised Host Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Na-
tional Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected]

E.J. WONG, M . D .
Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Department of Psychiatry,
Boston, MA 02115, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected]

Y. YOUNG, M . B . B . S ., M . R . C . P.( UK ), F. R . C . A .
Auckland Hospital, Department of Anaesthesia, Private Bag 92024, Auckland, New Zealand.
E-mail: [email protected]

O. ZUZAN, M . D .
Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Prescot Street, Liverpool, L7 8XP, U.K.
E-mail: [email protected]
 Contents

Contributors v
List of special reviews xv
Cumulative index of special reviews xvii
How to use this book xxiii
Historical Essay: From thalidomide to pharmacovigilance: a personal account xxv
D.J. Finney
Essay: How safe is cannabis? xxxiii
L. Iversen
1. Central nervous system stimulants and drugs that suppress appetite 1
R.P. Sequeira
2. Antidepressant drugs 11
P.J. Cowen
3. Lithium 19
J.W. Jefferson
4. Drugs of abuse 30
E. Wong and J.K. Patel
5. Hypnosedatives and anxiolytics 46
S. Curran and S. Musa
6. Antipsychotic drugs 53
A. Carvajal and L.H.M. Arias
7. Antiepileptic drugs 70
S. Arroyo
8. Opioid analgesics and narcotic antagonists 89
A.H. Ghodse and A.M. Baldacchino
9. Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic analgesics and drugs used in gout 111
A. Del Favero
10. General anesthetics and therapeutic gases 131
Y. Young
11. Local anesthetics 140
S.A. Schug, G. Gillespie, and K.J.D. Stannard

xi
xii Contents

12. Neuromuscular blocking agents and skeletal muscle relaxants 150

O. Zuzan and M. Leuwer

13. Drugs that affect autonomic functions or the extrapyramidal system 156
M. Schachter

14. Dermatological drugs and topical agents 168

W.M.C. Mulder and M.M.H.M. Meinardi

15. Antihistamines (H1 receptor antagonists) 180

G.M. Walsh

16. Drugs acting on the respiratory tract 186

M. Kuhn, M. Joerger, and K. Hartmann

17. Positive inotropic drugs and drugs used in dysrhythmias 198

J.K. Aronson

18. Beta-adrenoceptor antagonists and antianginal drugs 223

A.P. Maggioni, M.G. Franzosi, and R. Latini

19. Drugs acting on the cerebral and peripheral circulations 230

R. Verhaeghe

20. Antihypertensive drugs 233

P. Joubert

21. Diuretics 238

D.A. Sica

22. Metals 243

G.B. van der Voet and F.A. de Wolff

23. Metal antagonists 253

R.H.B. Meyboom

24. Antiseptic drugs and disinfectants 258

P. Magee

25. Penicillins, cephalosporins, other beta-lactam antibiotics, and tetracyclines 262

T. Midtvedt

26. Miscellaneous antibacterial drugs 271

A. Imhof

27. Antifungal drugs 302

A.H. Groll and T.J. Walsh

28. Antiprotozoal drugs 315

T. Bicanic, T. Planche, and S. Krishna
Contents xiii

29. Antiviral drugs 328

I.R. McNicholl

30. Drugs used in tuberculosis and leprosy 339

J.N. Pande

31. Antihelminthic drugs 344

P.J.J. van Genderen

32. Vaccines 353

S. Dittmann

33. Blood, blood components, plasma, and plasma products 363

P.J.M. Vossebeld, H.W. Eijkhout, and W.G. van Aken

34. Intravenous infusions—solutions and emulsions 374

M.C. Allwood

35. Drugs affecting blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and hemostasis 379

K. Peerlinck and J. Vermylen

36. Gastrointestinal drugs 382

H.J. de Silva

37. Drugs acting on the immune system 393

T. Vial, J. Descotes, G. Screaton, M. Behrend, and C. Ludwig

38. Vitamins 416

H.D. Reuter

39. Corticotrophins, corticosteroids, and prostaglandins 427

J. Costa and M. Farré

40. Sex hormones and related compounds, including hormonal contraceptives 434
M.N.G. Dukes

41. Thyroid hormones and antithyroid drugs 457

J.A. Franklyn

42. Insulin, glucagon, and hypoglycemic drugs 461

H.M.J. Krans

43. Miscellaneous hormones 477

P. Coates

44. Drugs that affect lipid metabolism 486

I. Aursnes
xiv Contents

45. Cytostatic drugs 490

H.-P. Lipp, C. Bokemeyer, J.T. Hartmann, and A. Stanley
46. Radiological contrast agents 512
S.K. Morcos
47. Drugs used in ocular treatment 525
B.C.P. Polak
48. Treatments used in complementary and alternative medicine 528
E. Ernst
49. Miscellaneous drugs, materials, and medical devices 540
N.H. Choulis
50. The WHO International Drug Monitoring Programme 548
I.R. Edwards and S. Olsson
Address list of national centres that participate in the WHO Drug Monitoring Programme 559
Index of drugs xxx
Index of adverse effects xxx
 Special reviews

The cognitive effects of MDMA 32

Antipsychotic drugs and weight gain 56
Cognitive effects of topiramate 78
Valproate-associated polycystic ovary syndrome 81
Vigabatrin-related visual abnormalities 82
Managing the adverse effects of morphine 98
An update on NSAIDs and chronic renal disease 111
What is safe prescribing and use of selective COX-2 inhibitors? Comparisons with
non-selective NSAIDs 116
Propofol-infusion syndrome 135
Allergic reactions to rocuronium 150
The baclofen withdrawal syndrome 152
Midodrine 157
Sleep disorders with dopamine receptor agonists 160
The cardiotoxic effects of antihistamines 180
CNS effects of second-generation antihistamines 182
Inhaled corticosteroids and growth inhibition in children 186
Systemic availability of inhaled corticosteroids 187
Dofetilide 208
The role of endothelin receptor antagonists in hypertension 233
Tetracyclines and metalloproteinases 266
Adverse effects of the chemically modified tetracyclines (CMTs) 268
Hepatotoxicity of antituberculous agents revisited 339
Surveillance of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) 353
Bioterrorism and prevention through immunization 354
Co-medication and multimedication in users of acetylsalicyclic acid and vitamin E in
Germany 423
Could fertility treatments cause malignant melanoma? 434
The third-generation oral contraceptives: a judicial assessment and further evidence 442
Modes of administration of insulin 464
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome 477
Platinum compounds 490
Delayed reactions to iodinated water-soluble contrast agents 513

xv
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
 Cumulative index of special
reviews, Annuals 16–25

Index of drugs

Note: the format 24.115 refers to SEDA-24, p. 115. Anticholinergic drugs, 22.507
Anticonvulsants, see Antiepileptic drugs
ACE inhibitors Antidepressants, during and after pregnancy, 21.17
angio-edema, 22.225 Antidysrhythmic drugs
cough, 19.211 in atrial fibrillation, 24.197
indications, 24.233 prodysrhythmic effects, 17.218, 23.196
Alcohol, vitamin A, beta-carotene, interaction, Antiepileptic drugs
24.442 comparison, 25.78
Aldosterone antagonists, in heart failure, 24.246 death, 23..83
Aluminium, in albumin solutions, 23.359 overdosage, 22.84
Aminoglycoside antibiotics, 17.304 psychiatric effects, 22.82
deafness, 18.268 Antifungal drugs
dosage regimens, 20.234, 21.265, 23.264 drug interactions (azoles), 24.318
nephrotoxicity, 17.305 Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 18.289
Amiodarone, dysrhythmias, 25.211 Antihistamines
Amphotericin, liposomal, 17.319 cardiovascular adverse effects, 17.196, 22.176,
Analgesics 25. 183
headache, 21.95 drowsiness, 23.171
headaches in children, 23.114 sedation, 21.170
nephropathy, 21.98 Antihypertensive drugs, 19.209
Androgens, in women, 24.477 fixed-dose combinations, 22.224
Anesthesia, dental, safety of, 16.122 individualizing therapy, 17.246
Anesthetics Antimalarial drugs, 17.325, 20.257
halogenated, renal damage, 20.106 adjunctive treatments, 24. 330
local, combinations, 20.121 prophylaxis, 23.304
local, neurotoxicity, 21.129, 25.152 Antioxidant vitamins, 20.363
ocular, 17.542 Antiprotozoal drugs
Anorectic drugs African trypanosomiasis, 18.293
cardiac valvulopathy 22.3, 23.2, 24.4, 25.5 toxoplasmosis, 20.262
primary pulmonary hypertension, 18.7, 21.2, 23.2, Antipsychotic drugs, comparison 25.53
25.5 Antitubercular drugs, 16.341
Anthracyclines, 25.533 Liver damage, 25.363
Antibiotics Mycobacterium avium–complex infection, 20.278
allergic reactions, 23.251 Appetite suppressants
coagulation disorders, 18.258 cardiac valvulopathies, 22.3, 23.2, 24.4, 25.5
colitis, 17.303 primary pulmonary hypertension, 18.7, 21.2, 23.2,
male fertility, 16.262 25.5
new, with adjuvants, 17.296 Aspirin, 21.100
the pill and pregnancy, 24, 274 gastrointestinal effects, 17.95, 18.90
policies and politics, 16.273 rhinosinusitis/asthma, 17.94
preterm infants, 21.258 Asthma medications, exacerbation of asthma, 20.165
prudent use, 25.279 Atovaquone, 19.266
resistance, 19.237, 20.228, 21.257, 22.265, Azoles, see antifungal drugs
23.250, 24.273
seizures, 18.261 Bambuterol, cardiac failure, 23.181
side chains, 16.264 Benzodiazepines, depression, 17.43

xvii
xviii Cumulative index of special reviews, Annuals 16–25

Beta2 -adrenoceptor agonists, 18.159 Fertility drugs, ovarian cancer, 24.474

asthma, 19.178, 21.179 Flecainide, in supraventricular dysrhythmias, 21.200
asthma deaths, 17.164 Fluoroquinolones, 18.271
Beta-carotene Fluorouracil, adverse effects, 23.476
alcohol, vitamin A, interaction, 24.442 Folic acid, dietary supplementation, 19.369
carcinogenicity, 25.454 Formoterol, tolerance, 24.187
Beta-lactams, pregnancy, 25.280 Fragrances, contact allergy, 20.149

Calcium antagonists, long-term safety, General anesthetics, see Anesthetics

20.185, 21.208, 22.214 Germanium, 16.545
Carotenoids, carcinogenicity, 25.454 Grapefruit juice, drug interactions 23.519
Charcoal, activated, in digitalis overdose, 24.201 Growth hormone
Ciclosporin, urinary system, 19.348 adults, 16.501
Clozapine, agranulocytosis, 22.1359 insulin resistance, 24.504
Co-trimoxazole, hypersensitivity reactions, 20.264 malignancy, 23.468
Cocaine
cardiovascular effects, 18.5 Hepatitis B vaccine, demyelinating diseases, 21.331,
second-generation effects, 20.24 22.346, 24.374
Cocamidopropylbetaine, allergy, 19.151 Heroin, see diamorphine
Contrast agents HIV-protease inhibitors
adverse effects, 24.525 insulin resistance, 22.317
anaphylactoid and allergic reactions, 20.422 lipodystrophy, 22.317
in magnetic resonance imaging, 20.419 HMG Co-A reductase inhibitors, interactions, 25.530
Corticosteroids Hormones, sex, tumors, 22.465
bone, 16.447, 22.182, 25.195 Hypnotics, 20.30
contact allergy, 21.158 avoiding adverse effects, 21.37
effective dose and therapeutic ratio, 23.175
inhaled, systemic availability, 24.185 Immunization
musculoskeletal adverse effects, 21.417 adverse effects, 24.364
osteoporosis and osteonecrosis, 19.377, 20.374 bioterrorism, 25.378
preterm infants, 17.445 surveillance after, 22.333, 23.335, 24.364, 25.376
Cosmetics Indomethacin, fetal and neonatal complications,
contact allergy, 16.150, 19.151 18.102
ingredient labeling 22.159 Insulin
COX2 inhibitors, 24.115, 25.126 resistance, and growth hormone, 24. 504
synthetic analogs, 24. 489
Isoniazid, prophylactic, toxicity, 24. 352
Deferoxamine, 16.247
bone dysplasia, 23.241
Diamorphine, progressive spongiform leukoen- Ketorolac, risk of adverse effects, 17.110
cephalopathy, 24.40
Diclofenac, liver damage, 20.91 Lamotrigine, skin rashes, 20.62, 24.88
Digitalis, in atrial fibrillation, 24.197 Leukotriene receptor antagonists, Churg–Strauss
Digoxin, heart failure in sinus rhythm, 18.196 syndrome, 24.183
Diuretics Lithium
renal cell carcinoma, 23.225 adverse effects, prevention and treatment, 17.28
renal insufficiency, 25.250 interactions, 16.13, 18.30
intoxication, prevention and treatment, 17.29
monitoring therapy, 18.25
Ecstasy, deaths, 24.32 mortality, 19.14
EDTA, pseudothrombocytopenia, 21.250 urinary system, 19.16
Erythromycin, versus the new macrolides, 21.269 Local anesthetics, see Anesthetics
Erythropoietin, status and safety, 16.400 Lyme disease vaccine, autoimmune disease, 24.366
Euxyl K 400, contact allergy, 16.150
Macrolides, intestinal motility, 18.269
Felbamate Malaria vaccines, 22.306
aplastic anemia, 19.68, 22.86 MAO inhibitors, 17.361
risk/benefit ratio, 23.86 Measles immunization
Fenfluramine autism, 23.350
cardiac valvulopathies, 22.3, 23.2, 24.4, 25.5 Crohn’s disease, 23.350
primary pulmonary hypertension, 18.7, 21.2, 23.2, neurological adverse effects, 23.348
25.5 Melatonin, 25.523
Fenoterol, safety in severe asthma, 23.182 Metformin, lactic acidosis, 23.459
Fentanyl, buccal and transdermal administration, Methyldibromoglutaronitrile, contact allergy, 16.150,
20.77 19.151