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Cs508 ASSIGNMENT 1
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Question No. 1:
[10 Marks]
Scenario:
A tech company is developing different software modules for various clients:
One client is a research lab working on weather simulation that needs high-
performance calculations with large floating-point operations.
Another client is a bank needing software for handling financial transactions and
generating reports.
A third project involves building an AI chatbot that understands and reasons through
natural language.
Lastly, a defense contractor needs software for an aircraft control system with real-
time, concurrent operations.
Question
Based on the scenario, match each client’s needs with the most appropriate
programming language and briefly explain why that language is suitable for their
requirements. You have to choose “Recommended Language” from the followings:
Ada
FORTRAN
Prolog
COBOL
LISP
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Note: To make the scenario easier to understand, it is presented in the following
tabular form. Please write your specific answers accordingly in the blank cells
provided in the given table.
Application Domains and Suitable Languages
Recomm
Application ended
Client/Project Reason
Requirement Languag
e
High-performance
Research Lab
scientific FORTR FORTRAN is optimized for numerical computations and
(Weather
computation, large AN floating-point operation
Simulation)
FP operations
COBOL is tailored for business applications and accurate
Business reports,
Bank (Financial decimal arithmetic,
COBOL
Software) character data
handling
Prolog excels in logic-based reasoning and natural languag
Natural language
processing, Prolog
AI Chatbot
reasoning, logic-
based responses
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Recomm
Application ended
Client/Project Reason
Requirement Languag
e
Real-time embedded
Ada is designed for real-time, safety-critical systems with
Aircraft Control system with
Ada
System concurrent
processing
Question No. 2:
[5 Marks]
A programmer working with FORTRAN 77 struggles with writing modular code and
using dynamic memory. Why would FORTRAN 90 be a better choice for this
programmer? Mention at least three specific features along with one reason for each
Answer:
FORTRAN 90 offers several enhancements that address the limitations encountered
with FORTRAN 77, particularly in terms of writing modular code and utilizing
dynamic memory. Here are three specific features that would benefit a programmer:
Modules : FORTRAN 90 introduced the concept of modules, which allow code to be
organized into reusable components. This feature significantly improves
encapsulation and promotes better modular programming practices. Modules enable
the grouping of related procedures and data definitions, making it easier to manage
and reuse code across different programs, which was challenging in FORTRAN 77
due to its limitation to common blocks and external subroutines.
Dynamic Memory Allocation : FORTRAN 90 supports dynamic memory allocation
through the introduction of allocatable arrays. This allows programmers to allocate
and deallocate memory as needed during runtime, providing greater flexibility in
handling varying data sizes. In contrast, FORTRAN 77 required predefined static
arrays, making it difficult to manage varying data effectively and often resulting in
inefficient memory usage.
Array Operations : FORTRAN 90 introduced powerful array processing features,
allowing operations on entire arrays without the need for explicit loops. These
intrinsic array operations enable more concise and readable code and can lead to
performance improvements due to better optimization by compilers. In FORTRAN
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77, array manipulations often required cumbersome and error-prone loop constructs,
hampering code readability and maintainability.
By incorporating these features, FORTRAN 90 not only alleviates the constraints
faced in FORTRAN 77 but also enhances overall code efficiency, maintainability, and
scalability for programmers.
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