IOT-BASED HEART DEFECT MONITORING SYSTEM USING ECG
Inte rnat iona l Jou rnal of S c ient ific Re sea rc h in E
ngineer in g a nd Mana gem ent
1. (IJS R EM)
V ol ume : 0
Is s u e :
A pril
2 02
2. S JIF
R a tin g
8.
44 8
3. IS S N: 258 2
-
3 930
20
,
4. I
5. JSREM
|
www.i js rem .c om
| Page
IOT Based He art Defec t Monitori ng System
Prof .
Dil eep Paw ar
Prof.
Chandani
6. S
uryavanshi
Sachin Bandebuche
Achal Des hm ukh
Luxmi Wadibhasm e
Pro
j ect Gui de
, Departm ent of
Elec tr oni cs and Tel ecom munica ti on Engi nee ri ng,
Ma dhukarr ao
Panda v Coll age
Of
Engineeri ng
Bhi lewada
Bhandar a
7. HOD,
Depa r tm ent of El ectr onics and Tel ec omm uni cati on Engi neeri ng,
Ma dhukarr ao
Pandav Col lage
Of
Engineeri ng
Bhi lewada
, Bhandar a
345
Stude nt ,
Depar tm ent of Ele ct r oni cs a nd Telec om muni cati on Engi neeri ng,
Madhukarr ao
Pandav Coll age
Of
Engineeri ng
Bhi lewada
, Bhandar a
Abst ract
This paper descri bes t he des i gn of a sim ple El ect rocar diogram ( ECG) m oni t or ing
system usi ng AD8232 and
Ar dui no Mi cr ocontr oll er . The sys tem get s t he pul se input usi ng Ag/ Cl 3
l ea d elec tr odes pl ace d on t he arms and
r i ght l eg of t he pat i ent under i nspect i on. The m odel com prehe nds ECG m odul
e( AD8232) whi ch i s used f or signal
wave f or m . Thus condit i oned si gnal is also pr oce sse d by t he mi cr ocontr oll er Ar
duino Uno t o cont r ol and t r ansm it
t he f uncti on of ECG wave t o m oni tor and Displaying t he condit i on of t he ECG wave i
n LCD di spl ay
and IOT,
whet her it is a norm al ECG or Abnor mal
Key words:
Elec troc ardiogram ( ECG) , Elec trodes, LCD di splay, Ardui no,
8. IOT,
Patient
et c.
1.
9. INTRO DUCTIO N
At t he pres ent ti me, peopl e
suf f er ing f r om
hea rt di sea ses ar e increa sing at an al ar mi ng r at e. The
ECG i s one of t he m edi cal kit s t hat can mea sur e t he
hea rt beat per unit tim e, convert it i nt o a si gnal and
di spl ay t he dat a on a di spl ay devi ce . An ECG i s a
r ec or ding of t he el ect ri cal ac ti vit y on t he body surf ace
gene rated by t he heart m usc l es. ECG i nf orm at i on i s
coll ect ed by el ectr odes pl ace d at se lect ed l ocat i ons on
di agnose abnorm al r hythm s of the heart m uscl es,
m ai nl y abnorm al r hyt hms ca use d by dam age t o t he
conduct i ve t iss ue t hat car ri es elect ri cal si gnal s. It i s
possi ble t o be in car diac ar res t wi th a nor mal ECG
si gnal ( a condit ion known as pul sel ess el ectr ical
ac ti vit y) .
Ele ct r oca rdi ogr am ( ECG) i s one of t he
f r equent l y use d and accurat e m et hods f or m oni t or i ng
t he el ect ri cal act ivit y of the hear t . ECG i s an hi gh
pr i ced equi pm ent and i ts use f or t he mea sur em ent of
t he hear t rat e onl y below an ec onomi c level . Low
cost
devi ces ar e avail abl e i n t he f orm of wri st watche s f or
t he i nst ant aneous m easur em ent of t he hear t rate. Such
devi ces ca n gi ve accurat e dat a but t hey ar e expensi ve.
Most hospi tals and di agnosti c center s i n India use
i ncor porated device s designed t o m eas ure t he
heart
r ate, tem perat ur e, and bl ood pr ess ur e of t he pat ient.
Al t hough such devi ce s ar e val uable, t hei r cost i s
usua ll y uneconom i cal . This paper depi ct s t he desi gn of
an ECG m oni tori ng system whi ch m oni t or s ECG
subj ect by Ag / Cl sti cki ng elec tr ode on t he arm s and
t hen showi ng t he ECG on m oni t or wi ndow and Liquid
Cr ystal Di spl ay[ 1] .
2.
10. SYSTEM ARCH TECTU RE
Figure.1 r epr esents t he bl ock diagram of t he
pr oposed syst em . It consist s of t he Elect r odes whi ch
ar e plac ed on t he Lef t Arm , Ri ght Ar m and Ri ght l eg
hum an body and t hen i t i s t r ansmit t ed t o ECG m odule
( AD8232) . The ECG m odul e pr oces ses t he data and it
pr oduces the cont i nuous anal og val ues accor di ng t o
t he i nput gi ven by t he el ect rodes t o t he Ar dui no
m icr ocontr ol l er . The Bl uetoot h module i s connect ed to
Inte rnat iona l Jou rnal of S c ient ific Re sea rc h in E
ngineer in g a nd Mana gem ent
11. (IJS R EM)
V ol ume : 0
8
Is s u e :
A pril
2 02
12. S JIF
R a tin g
8.
44 8
13. IS S N: 258 2
-
3 930
20
14. I
15. JSREM
|
www.i js rem .c om
| Page
2
t he Ar dui no m icr ocont r ol ler f or t ransm issi on pur pose.
On t he ot her si de, we have Andr oi d Appli cat ion on our
m obi l ef or t he rec ept ion of ECG si gna
Figure.1 Pi ctori al r epr ese ntat ion of t he Syst em
A. El ect rode:
l ea d Ag/ Cl El ect r odes t r ansf orm bi o
m edi cal si gnal s i nt o elec tr ica l volt age. The
vol t age l i es
i n bet wee n 1 m V ~ 5 mV. The pair of se nsor s are
pl aced on t he ri ght arm ( RA) , l ef t arm ( LA) and ri ght
l eg( RL) of t he pat ient ( seeFigure 2) . [ 4]
Figure.2 Pl ac em ent of theEle ct r odes
B. ECG Modul e( AD8232) :
The AD8232 i s an i nt egr at ed si gnal
condit ioni ng bl ock f or ECG and ot her bi o
m et ri c
m easurement appl icat i ons. It is des igned t o pul l out,
am pl if y, and fi lt erl ess ener gy bi o
pot enti al si gnals in
t he pr esence of noisy condit i ons, such as those crea ted
by m ovement or r em ote elect r odeposit i on. This desi gn
al lows for an ul tr al ow power anal og
to
digit al
conver t er ( ADC) or an em bedded m icr ocontr oll er to
obt ai n t he out put si gnal . The AD8232 ca n execute a
t wo
pol e high
pas s fi lt er f or eli mi nat ing m ot i on
ar ti fi ci al f act s and t he elec tr ode hal f
cel l pot ent ial .
This fi lt er i s t i ght ly coupl ed wi t h t he i nstr umentati on
am pl if ier des ign t oall ow bot h lar ge gai n and hi gh
pass
f il t er ing i n a fi rst st age, ther eby sa vi ng m oney and
spa ce.
Figure.3 AD8232 ECGModul e
C. Ardui noMicr ocontroller Uno:
The Ar dui no Uno i s an 8
-
bi t mi cr ocontr oll er
boar d bas ed on t he ATmega 328. It has 14 digit al
i nput / out put pi ns, 6 anal og i nput s, a 16 MHz crystal
osc il lat or , a power j ack, an ICSP header a USB
conne ct ion and a r eset but ton. It has ever ythi ng
r equi r ed t o hol d up the Ardui no; Basi cal ly, connect it
t o a Lapt op wi t h t he hel p of USB ca bl e or power i t
wi t h an ada pt er or batt er y t o get i nit iated. The Uno
di ff ers f r om all pr evi ous boar ds in t hat i t does not use
t he FTDI USB
to
se r i al driver chi p. Inst ea d, i t f eat ur es
t he Atm ega8U2 pr ogr amm ed as a USB
to
se ri al
conver t er .
Figure.4 Ardui no Uno Mi crocontr oll er
D. LCD Di spl ay:
Liquid
Cr yst al
Di spl ay
16. ( LCD)
is
an
elec tr oni c
di spl ay
devi ce
and
it
has
t he
wi de
range
of
appli cat ions
in
r eal
tim e.
17. A
16x2
18. LCD
is
t he
ver y
bas ic
com ponent
and
is
very
comm onl y
use d
in
var ious
devi ces,
equi pment
and
cir cui ts.
These
Inte rnat iona l Jou rnal of S c ient ific Re sea rc h in E
ngineer in g a nd Mana gem ent
19. (IJS R EM)
V ol ume : 0
Is s u e :
A pril
2 02
20. S JIF
R a tin g
8.
44 8
21. IS S N: 258 2
-
3 930
20
22. I
23. JSREM
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| Page
m odul es
ar e
chose n
over
se gments
and
other
m ulti
se gment
li ght
emi tt i ng
diodes .
The
r easons
bei ng:
LCDs
ar e
cost
ef fec ti ve;
ea sil y
pr ogr am mable;
have
no
dr awback
of
di spl ayi ng
spe ci al
&
even
cust om
cha rac ters,
anim ati ons
and
so
on.
24. A
16x2
25. LCD
mea ns
it
can
di spl ay
16
cha ract er s
per
l i ne
and
t here
ar e
suc h
l i nes .
In
thi s
26. LCD
each
char act er
is
di spl aye d
in
t he
5x7
pixel
m at ri x.
Figure.5 LCD Di spl ay
3.
27. DESIG N O F TH E SYSTEM
Her e we have des cr i bed br i ef l y the har dwar e are an
i m pl em ent at i on of t he syst em . The har dwar e part
depi ct s bri efl y about t he ECG m onit or i ng cir cui t
sys tem part s suc h as Ag/ Cl el ectr odes and ECG
m odul e. Fi gur e.6 depicts t he ci rcuit di agr am of t he
i nter faci ng bet wee n ECG m odul e and Ar duino Uno
[ 2] .
Figure.6 Int er faci ng of AD8232 and Ar dui no Uno[ 5]
Her e, The ECG module is gett i ng t hree inputs
f r om t he human body using 3
l ead el ect r odes . The
ECG m odul e( AD8232) has Inst r umentati on Am pli fi er
and High pas s fi lt er f or the worki ng pur pose. Aft er,
pr ocessi ng t he i nput s, It pr oduces t he si ngl e out put .
This out put i s gi ven t o t he Ardui no Uno
Mi cr ocontr oll er wit h t he hel p of t he Analog pins.
Figure.7 depi ct s t he cir cuit diagram of
i nter faci ng bet ween Ardui no and LCD di spl ay
m odul e.
Her e, Ar dui no Uno was i nter fac ed wit h Li qui d
Cr ystal Di spl ay. Usi ng 4 dat a l i nes . The di spl ayed dat a
wer e t ransmi tt ed t o the LCD. We ca n i ncr ease and
dec rea se t he bri ghtnes s using t he Pot ent iomet er which
i s int er fac ed wi th t he LCD.
Figure.7 Int er faci ng of Ar dui no Unoand LCD
Di spl ay
4.
28. TH E SOFTWARE SYSTEM
A. Ardui no
Sof t ware
The Ar dui no pr ovi des the Ar dui no Int egr at ed
Deve l opm ent Envir onm ent ( IDE), whi ch is a pl atf or m
Indepe ndent Appl i cati on wr it t en i n Ja va. It ori gi nat ed
f r om t he IDE f or t he langua ges Proce ssi ng and
Wi ri ng. It i ncl udes a code edit or wit h f eat ures such as
t ext cutti ng and past i ng, sear chi ng and r epl aci ng t ext ,
synt ax hi ghl ighti ng autom at ic i ndenti ng, brac e
m at chi ng and pr ovides sim ple one
cl ick m echani sms
t o com pi l e and upl oad pr ogr am s to an Ardui no boar d.
It al so has a m ess age ar ea, a t ext consol e, a t ool bar
wi t h but tons for comm on functi ons and a hi er archy of
oper at ion m enus. The ECG wave is di spl ayed on t he
Ser ial Moni t or .
29. B.
Fl owchart of t he program
T he prog ram i s wri tten i n as sem bly C
lang uag e. Fi gure 7 depic ts a flo w c ha rt to ECG
m eas urement.
The fl ow st ar ts fr om gett ing i nputs fr om t he
ECG m odul e. Af ter , gett i ng t he i nput , The
m icr ocontr ol l er checks whet her all t hr ee i nput s are
gi ven pr oper ly. If anyone of t he i nput s is not detec ted
wel l , The system wi ll send t he signal t o t he LCD.
Inte rnat iona l Jou rnal of S c ient ific Re sea rc h in E
ngineer in g a nd Mana gem ent
30. (IJS R EM)
V ol ume : 0
Is s u e :
A pril
2 02
31. S JIF
R a tin g
8.
44 8
32. IS S N: 258 2
-
3 930
20
33. I
34. JSREM
|
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| Page
Figure.8
. Fl owchar t of system
5.
35. WO RK INGO F TH E SYSTEM
The syst em gets t he i nput bi o
m et ri c si gnal s f r om t he
hum an body usi ng 3
l ead el ect r odes . Aft er pr oces si ng
al l t he t hr ee
i nputs, t he ECG m odul e pr oduces t he
si ngl e anal og out put . It was gi ven t o t he Ar duino
Mi cr ocontr oll er . Ardui no i s t he res ponsi bl e f or t he
r emai ni ng oper ati ons. It chec ks whet her all the t hree
i nput s are r ecei ved pr operly. If t her e i s any problem
whi l e get ti ng t he i nput i t sends t he si gnal t o LCD t hen
Figure.
ECG Net wor k syst em
6.
36. RESULT AND DISC USS IO N
We coul d get t he display of ECG wavef orm on
Monit or
Wi ndow and t he condit ion of the ECG wave
i s di spl ayed i n t he LCD modul e whet her i t i s a norm al
ECG or Abnorm al thr ough el ect ronic har dwar e
i m pl em ent at i on of t hi s proj ect succe ssf ul ly. This can
be see n i n Figur e.9, which shows an ECG si gnal
ac quir ed by the el ect rode on a Seri al Plott er
[ 4] .
Figure.
Out put deri ved from system
Figure.
. Pr ojec t Model
Inte rnat iona l Jou rnal of S c ient ific Re sea rc h in E
ngineer in g a nd Mana gem ent
37. (IJS R EM)
V ol ume : 0
Is s u e :
A pril
2 02
38. S JIF
R a tin g
8.
44 8
39. IS S N: 258 2
-
3 930
20
40. I
41. JSREM
|
www.i js rem .c om
| Page
7.
42. CO NCLUSIO N
This proj ect m ai nly concent r at ed on ener gy ef fi ci ent
and cost
eff ect i ve. This sys tem can be ea si ly
underst ood by the pati ent. When com pared t o t he
hi gh
cost m onit or i ng syst em s, It i s m or e ef fi ci ent .
We
al so pr ovi de our exper ience wi t h the tec hni cal as pects
of
se nsor cr eati on, as wel l as our exper ienc e wi t h
expe rim ent al
and prac ti cal m eas ur em ent s wit h t he
ECG se nsor , i n t hi s
pr oj ect . Despit e t he f act t hat a
wea r abl e ECG body se nsor
cont ai ns l ess i nform at i on
t han a typica l 12
lea d ECG, i t ca n
pr ovi de a var iet y of
cl oser gl ance sat hear t acti vi t y.
Furt herm ore, i f at l east t hree ECG se nsors ar e put i n
appr opr iate ar eas on the body, m easurements f r om
se ver al
ECG se nsors t aken at the same t im e can
pr ovide r edundancy
and even synt hesi s of t he st andar d
ECG. Whe n t he hear t r at e
per BPM ( Beat s per mi nut e)
i s >40 and 60, t he l ow pul se r ate
i s i ndi cat ed. Low
hea rt r at e can l ead t o m edi cal i ssues,
i ndi cati ng t hat
t he pat i ent requir es m edi cal as si st ance t o
m aint ai n a
nor mal heart r at e. The typi cal pulse r at e var ies
fr om
>60 t o 100, i ndi cati ng t hat t he pat i ent 's pulse r at e is
wi t hi n t he norm al range wi t h no com pl ica ti ons. The
hi gh
hear tbeat i s bet wee n>100 and<150 whi ch
i ndicat es t he
pati ent has a hi gh pul se r ange t hat could
r es ul t i n
heart
-
r elated diseas es . Wit h act ual heart beat
r ates , t he
exper im ent al r esul ts showed an
acce pt abl e
r ange. Final ly, f or
t he end
use r , t hi s handhel d system
has shown t o be a val uabl e
heart rat e count i ng and
hea rt at tac k det ecti onsyst em
8.
43. FUTURE SCO PE
This system i s f or the Real
t im e Monit ori ng pur pose .
We ca n enhance t hi s system by
tr ansmi tt i ng t he ECG
wave usi ng IoT t o Doct ors or Anal yst s. We ca n bui l d
an Andr oi d Appli cat ion for m onit ori ng wit h m or e
pr ofi ci ent
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^
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