Five pillars ( sunni ) Shahada: declaration of faith to one god | “ There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is His
Messenger “
core belief in islam, in call to prayer, recited when a person is born, or dies or when they become a muslim in front of witnesses
Salah: daily prayer ( preparation ) | “ Allah erases sins by way of them “ – Hadith | “ Call on Me and I will answer you “ - Qur’an
Sunni: 5 prayers/ day, shi’a: 3 prayers/ day | wudu: washing the body before prayer to be physically and spiritually clean
adhan: call to prayer from the minaret of the mosque | mihrab/ qiblah wall: shows direction of mecca to muslims when praying
Salah: daily prayer ( during ) | jummah: communal prayer every fri midday at the mosque, imam gives a sermon ( khatbah ).
recite chapters from the qur’an and prayers in Arabic, all men are expected to attend while women can choose
suuni: forehead on floor, shi’a: with their forehead on a clay brick | “ Hurry towards the reminder of God “ - Qur’an
rak’ah: standing, bowing and prostrating during prayer, bowing: believe god to be great, prostrating: complete obedience to god
“ Glory to be my Lord who is the very greatest “ | “ How perfect is my Lord the most high “ – qur’an
importance: whoever follow the five prayers can go to paradise | encourages a positive and respectful behaviour
gives muslims support from allah, closer to him and more aware of his presence | by praying, muslims are obyeing allah’s will
helps muslims cleanse their sins, protect from satan | reminds muslims good qualities, their community and what they believe in
“ Prostrate and draw near to Allah “ | “ Establish prayer to remember Me “ - Qur’an
“ Indeed, I am Allah. There is no deity except Me, so worship Me and establish prayer prohibits immortality and wrongdoing, and
the rememberance of Allah is greater. “ - Qur’an
Sawm: fasting during Ramadan | “ Fasting is prescribed for you as it was for those before you that you may learn self-restraint
importance: obeying, submitting to god | spiritually stronger and closer to allah | learns self-discipline and control
giving gratitude for what god gave us, especially the qur’an | builds community and bond with other muslims
zakah: donating 2.5% of their fortune to charity | end of Ramadan | sadaqah: good actions/ voluntary payments to charity
“ Whatever you give… God is well aware of whatever good you do “ | “ Alm are meant only for the poor, the needy “ - Qur’an
Importance: acknowledges everything muslims own comes from god and belongs to him | teaches self-discipline and honesty
strengthens the community, as the rich is supporting the poor | purification of wealth, frees people from greed and desire
hajj: pilgrimage | in the 12th month of the islamic calendar ( duhl-hijjah ) | an obligation to go once in a lifetime
follows the paths prophets Muhammad and Ibrahim took | tawaf: walk around the kaa’bah 7times and recite the pilgrims prayer
ihram: state of purity, preparing for spiritual journey with patience and humility
safa and marwah: 2 mountains pilgrims have to run between, reprsents the soul’s desperate search for life
stoning at mina: throwing stones at three pillars to resemble ibrahim chasing demons away
“ Pilgrimage to the House is a duty owed to God by people who are able to undertake it “ - Qur’an
Ten obligatory acts ( shi’a ) Salah, sawm, zakah, khums, hajj and jihad
Khums: 20% of their excess income to charity | “ Whatever you acquire, a fifth of it is for Allah “ - Qur’an
Jihad : struggle against evil
lesser: outward struggle to defend threats | the fight against oppression | overcoming poverty | struggle to please allah
struggle to remove evil |fighting involving violent force | bringing peace by using military weapons | gaining inner peace
greater: inward struggle to be good muslim | observe 5 pillars | avoid distractions & temptation| follow examples of prophets
festivals id-ul-fitr: started by Muhammad |at the end of ramadan | thank god for strength & help he gave to fast and for
providing the qur’an | decorate houses, send cards, bring food | mosques wait for sighting of the new moon in saudi arabia
go to mosques to pray sermon | joyous greeting of eid murubak
“The day of Eid is the day of gathering, day of breaking the fasting, day of giving Zakah “ - Imam al-Rida
id-ul-adha: festival of sacrifice | celbrated during the month of hajj | celebrates ibrahim’s faithfulness to sacrifice his son for god
slaughters animals| people on hajj sacrifices an animal | visits families and friends, enjoys festive meals, attend prayers
“ We ransomed him with a great sacrifice “ - Qur’an
Ashura, ( sunni ): day of atonement | remebers the freeing of israelites by moses and the story of noah leaving the ark
celebrated through fasting, as muhammad taught | “ This is the day on which the Ark is settled so Nur fasted on this day”
( shi’a ): day of remembrance | donate blood | remember death of the prophet’s grandson hussein in battle
take part in public expressions of grief | “ The greatest stand is to speak the word of truth in the face of a tyrant “ - Qur’an
