SWK BOOK 2 CH 1 Population
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ag5439405SWK BOOK 2 CH 1 Population
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ag5439405STUDYSHIPWITHKRATI GEOGRAPHY NOTES CLASS 12
Chapter-1
Population : Distribution,
Density, Growth and Composition
Structure
Introduction
Source of Population data
Distribution of Population
Density of population Growth of Population
Regional Variation in Population Growth
Population composition
Introduction
People / individual is the smallest unit of population, it is
the most important asset which acountry can have
because as human resource It contributes in development
of the nation.
Human resource:- When government invests on health and
education of its citizens then an ordinaryindividual turns into a
human resource.
Example:- japan ( where natural resources are at negligible
quantity but that country is a developednations due to strong
Human resource base)
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Source of Population data
The very first Census of India took place duringthe
regime of viceroy lord Mayo in the year 1881.
after independence responsibility of conducting
Census is on the shoulders of registrar general and
census commissionerunder the ministry of Home
affairs.
According to the 2011 census India has 1210 million
population which is second largest afterChina.
Distribution of population
It describes how spread out a population is overthe
space which is very uneven throughout the country.
Plains and coastal regions are highly populated
comparatively to the mountainousregions.
76% of the total population resides in UP ,Bihar
,Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra , West Bengal
,Andhra Pradesh ,Tamil Nadu ,Gujarat Rajasthanand
Karnataka
Uttrakhand (0.84), Jammu and Kashmir (1.04),
Arunachal Pradesh (0.11)
Reason
Geographical ( terrain, availability of water, Soil
salinity, mountains etc)
Social (education, health, sanitation, hygiene,
availability of basic necessities)
Economic ( employment opportunities,
infrastructure etc )
Historical ( religious centres)
Developmental ( administrative agility)
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STUDYSHIPWITHKRATI GEOGRAPHY NOTES CLASS 12
Density of population
Expressed as number of person per unit area
According to 2011 census density of populationin india is
382 person per sq. Km. Which has increased by 200
since independence (117person per sq km).
Highest:- Delhi(11297)
Lowest:- Arunachal Pradesh (17)
Reason:- same as above
Growth of Population
It is defined as change in number of people living in a
particular area between two points of time .theannual
growth rate of Population in india is 1.64%.
It has two components natural and induced
→ Natural:- death rate and birth rate ( number ofBirth/
death every year per person)
→ Induced:- migration ( inward and outward movement
of Population)
Population doubling time:-
It is the time taken by population to double itself at its
current annual growth rate.
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STUDYSHIPWITHKRATI GEOGRAPHY NOTES CLASS 12
Phases of population growth in India
Phase I (1901-21)
Referred as of stagnant growth or thestationary
phase of growth
Low Growth (-ve birth rate and High death
‘rate)
Reason:- poor health , sanitation , hygieneand
medical facilities, inefficient public distribution
system, illiteracy, lack of basicnecessities etc.
Phase II (1921-51)
Referred as period of steady growth Improvement in
Population despite economicdepression due to
introduction of Developmental activities.
Phase III (1951-81)
Referred as period of Population explosion
Mortality rate came down
Improvement in Health and education
Industrial Development took place
Migration took a pace
High Development rate
Phase IV ( 1981 till present)
Slow growth rate
Crude birth rate ⬇
Improved living standards
Literacy rate ⬆
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Regional Variation in PopulationGrowth
→ It is the rate of population growth over the space
According to 2011 Census Kerala, Tamil
nadu,karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Odisha,
Pondicherry have not exceededPopulation
Growth rate more than 20%
Kerala :- lowest (9.4%)
UP , MP, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, RajasthanPunjab,
Haryana, Uttrakhand, Bihar, West Bengal,
Chhattisgarh have maintained 20-25
% growth rate.
Reason
The biggest reason behind this was the hugeyouth
population which was uneducated , Unskilled and
unemployed.
Hence due to lack of better opportunities, sex education,
family planning, illiteracy, low age ofmarriage etc led to
population explosion
Therefore in the year 2014 government introduced
national youth policy and nationalpolicy for skill
development and entrepreneurship for the overall
development of the youth population of the nation.
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National youth Policy
It defines youth as a person under the agegroup of
15 to 29.
Fosters inclusive growth
By imparting education and skills it envisages toempower
the youth population
Ultimate goal:- youth empowerment and their
overall development
Population composition
Analysis of age , sex ,places of birth . residence,ethnic
characteristics, tribe, language etc.
Rural-urban composition
Category:- place of residence
Indicator of social and economic development
Village
total population residing 68.8%, total number of village
640867, uneven distribution of Population, Bihar and
Sikkim accounts for thehighest number of village on the
contrary Goa and Maharashtra accounts for the least
number.
Urban
total population residing are 31.16% ,High growth rate
and High rate of inward migration due to development
and better facilities .
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Linguistic Composition
Linguistic diversity
Hindi:- highest percentage
Smallest language Group are:- sanskrit, Bodoand
manipuri
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Religious Composition
Hindu
major group
Muslim
largest religious minority concentratedin Jammu and
Kashmir, central west Bengal, Kerala, UP, Delhi and
Lakshadweep
Christian
concentrated in rural areas, westerncoast , Goa, Kerala,
Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Jharkhand.
Sikh
Punjab, Haryana, Delhi
Jain
urban areas of Rajasthan, Gujarat andMaharashtra.
Buddhist
Maharashtra, laddakh, Sikkim,Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura and
lahulspiti .
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Composition of Working Population
Divided into 3 group:- main workers( who worksfor at least
183 days in a year), marginal workers ( Who works for less
than 183 days in ayear) and non workers( does not work).
Number of female workers are high in primary sector.
Goa has 39.6% work participation and Damanand Diu
49%
Largest participants States are:- Himachal, Sikkim,
Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur ,
Meghalaya, Dadar andNagar Haveli and Daman and
Diu.
Gender sensitivity
HDR UNDP 1995:- If development
is notengendered it is endangered.
Government of India has acknowledged the
adverse impact of gender discrimination and
launched a programme called Beti padhao Beti
bachao
