Muxafi:roscxu, Crpaurl4Mr{poBa".

Bperr,tero He crl{ra ua Kplcren,

3a Aa rr3B:bprlrlr roBa, Koero 6uvcxar. Aa BHi4KHe B TBopqecrBoro Ha AJIE,KO
nafi -nrnagme Karo Huro:rafi flv,lrues u il,opgau fr osros. fieloro nry
KOHCTAHTI4HOB
ocTaBa oTBOpeHo 3a oKoHrIaTenFIaTa flpeqel{Ka Ha nl4TepaTypHaTa
rrcropr4f orB'bA sro6oAHeeHara xryMoreBrrua I{ nuqHrrTe orHolIre- 1863-1897
Hr4rr, B oHoBa npocrpaHcrBo, K:bAero uut<ofi He Moxe Aa ro pa3Aenl{
or nsry6enl{re Apyrapu.

AOIbIHTITEJTHA JII{TEPAT}',PA

[-p Kprcrr,o Kprcren. Cr.]uHeHu-fl s 3 roNla (nog pegarqrura ua

C. -flnes, JL C:raNraros u P. Ilheaqes). Co$ua: Arageuruuo u3,[arerlcrBo
,,IIpoS. Maprur ,{pnHon", 1996,2001,2001 . .nA4A HUUIO nO-npUnmHO Om mA6A dA nUrueru 3A rlULtHOCmmA
Kprcrr,o I(ptcren. 3:ro.IecrllHure ua E'rnraprax. lly6:ruqucrura u mlopeHunma Ha Aterco Korucmarumuuoe. Eduru i.run Lnaet,
(crcranurel llertp Tpenga$u:ron). Co$ru: Kpa,ruqa Ma6, 2016. eduu eecel u ysrxenameteH nucame,l, edua cvbna Jtcepmsa - 6ce
Crauaror, Jlrc6ouup. ll-p Kprcren: JrlrqHocr I.I KpflTflqecKa c:rA6a. Kaqecmza, rcoumo zo npu1,tuu,caeam do cbpqemo Ha Kpumuna Lt
Co$rar: Hayra u lr:rycrno, 1987. npu3o B a6am Hee o 6 omo nepo.
guru{Hrl,IpoB, Crrurra-flH. [-p Kp:ncrro Kp:rcree. B: Cuoueuv. Mo-
.
rrre c'bBpeMeHHI4ur{. T. 2. Co$ua: Ku6ea, 2015. Taxa g-p Kpscreu 3arroqBa cnox ,,fl:spBr4 floprper" Ha A:rero
Be,rnora-Iaiigapxruera, Asrorira-s.,1IareparypHa KpI'IrI{Ka II MI'I- KoucranrlruoB, 3aB:bprrreH caMo rrerr4pr4 Meceqa cne[ cM:bprra Ha
rorBoprlecrBo: g-p K. Kprcren, E. fleueo, B. Baca:res. Be:ruro Trpuo- rrilcareJrfl. 1 1 uafi 1897 r. ce fipeBpr,ula B:bB Bo[oAen: or eguara
no: Yu.ueepcllrercxo Ir3AarelrcrBo ,,Ce. cn. Kupul ra Merogufi", 1999. crpaHa ocraBa xr4Brrrr A:rexo - besnapuuHr4sr aABoKar, Heycre-
nr4rr AoueHT rro fipaBo, 6oxeM:br, nlo6ure:rqr Ha rylnrt B M:ExKa
KoMrraHr{rr... Or gpyrara crpaHa ce r43Ar.rra - Bce no-3aB:bprrreH r{
HeIIOKJIaTITM - IIaMeTHI{KT,T Ha XepTBaTa A,reXO KOnCraUrrznos
,,BeJrrrK vyeaJtktcr" c ,,HexHo c:bprle [...] nocpeg eArrH Hapo[ or Ko-
panu, 6e:uyBcrBeHl{ cr,pqa"; qoBeK c ,.BeqHo Beceno Ir cMeelqo ce
.rrr4ue"; ,,Hafr-HerrpexaJrr4Mara xeprBa B rrcropt{flra ua cno6ogna
E'slrapur". Harparro Ka3aHo, Ho naK c .qyl\{rrre na ,4-p Kp:scren,
,,AreKo craHa cne[ cMT,prra cilvaor. Ha Mna[exra n Er,rraplla".
lllecrre crarrrtt, Kor4To Kpr,cree ct 6upa B eAHa KHr{xKa [pe3
l9l7 r., ca caMo Harrturoro Ha MrurrorToru3ar\Ltsra; flpelcror.r ri grltr
rrbr npe3 roAr4Hr4re. He ruy e M;rcroro ryx Aa o6cr,xlaM no4po6-
HOCrUre r{ nepurrgTr4r4re Ha ro3rr [pouec; ule Kaxa caMo, qe Mur:br
e [po]r3Be[eH, BT,Be,{eH n yuorpe6a u yBeKoBeqeH c'bc cpencrBara
Ha nlrreparypHara Kpr4Tr4Ka. Tosa e e[rrH r.r3rlsno rrHTenr4reHTcxlr
Mr4T, pqAT,K cnyqair) n xofiro IrHTeJrureHTCKoro c:b3HaHr.re Aocrr4ta
rraHTeoHa Ha KoJreKTr4BHaTa rraMeT r.r oTTaM - Beqe BTopr,rqHo - rrpo-

221
 AT,nXaBa Aa Ce B:b3IIpOI{3BCXAa Aerla rpo3Blrruero Alero flyfixara. Iho6osra K:bM y[oBoncrBeHr4rr
c HeiiHr.rre cpel[crBa. flonynxp- xr{Bor [o-KbcHo crrKarx HenpeK:bcHaTo ue ce orrr4TBa [a KOMneHcr.r-
Hara (yrrrypa ts c:brrloro BpeMe pa orKa3aHrrre panocrr4 Ha rrbpBr4Te eguuaficer ronr4nr{.
e flporl3Bena Ipyf Mr{r MI{ra Cxopo cneg Oceo6oxgeuuero A,rero e r43rrpareH n Pycrar,
Eail faruro, Ho HeroBlrfr cloxer K'bAero rrofla[a s lOxnoclaBflHcru-fl rraHcrroH na Togop Mlrsxon.
e pa3n[qeH 11 or eLI{H MoMeHT llar ranr, n Ogeca, [pe3 n:bpBara rro]roB{4Ha na 80*re ronuHr4 ,r3y-
rraraTr'bK He3aBucl.{M or Bp'b3Kara qaBa [paBo ].r ce 3aBp],rla Karo [r{flnoMupaH ]opr4cr. flo scuqro
clr c poAr{rej]f Ha caMr4fl o6pa3. Jrr{qv, qe My rrpeAcrou go6pa Kapr4epa: 6rp,:o craBa rureH, a froc-
Suxue Morlr4 Aa cr.r 3aAa,qeM ne u flpoKypop B Co$uilcxux oKp:bxeH c:bl, eJre[ roBa [oMouI-
BT,npoca 3aruo ror{Ho UHTeJII4- r-rl4r-rrpoKypop n AnenarvBlr.rtfl. crg. YcuopeAHo c r.{3pacrBaHero
reFrur.{flTa, fl Hafr-Beqe rrr4[reilIa- no c:ryx6a 3alor{Ba ,qa npo-rrBrrBa xapaKTep M He3aBnctrMocr - B
Ta ,rHTeJllfireHul{.fl, uMa rojlKoBa AOCTa HeIIOAXOIflUI MOMeHT, 3arrIOTO eAHOBpeMeHHO C Hero Ce r{3-
cr{rrHa noTpeoHocr or M}ITa 3a lvta w Crarra6o:roe - He Karo ]opr4cr, 3au{oro uxrua o6pa:oBaHrre,
Arero? Eglln or Br,3MoxHlrre a Karo Mr,rHncr:bp-rrpeAce[aren. B npogr,.[xeHr{e Ha rrer-rrrecr ro-
orroBopu ue Kaxe, qe Aterco graHra A:rero Koncrasu.{HoB e ry Ha3HaqaBaH, Ty yBolrHflBaH cnen
RoutmarumuHol e HeiiHara c:b- [opeAHoro My Herto[quHeHrre, ,{oraro or 1893 r. Harar:1,( ocraBa
A.nexo KoncraHrrruon, 1873 r. rporuBa cpeqy 6escuru{ero ,ua caMo a,[BoKar ua cno6olHa rrparTrrxa.
npoMcrlu rpoiHoro s o6uecree- ,,CaMo" B 'rogrr cJryrln; Ir3rIcKBa na 6tle o6ncueuo. IlopaAn
Hara gefrcrBrt'reJrHocr. Or gpyra crpaHa, Mllrbr Anerco (rarro mrl- Jtriltcara ua npo$ecuoHaJrno flogrorBeHrr xopa aABoxarr4re B Kpaq
roBere Eotnea ! .fleopoa) e ou1e eAHo or KpacI{BI4re lr 6:raropogHz ua XIX BeK y Hac ca 6ulu,uocra n:bcrpa lr HenpecrrrxHa rpyna or
nl{ua Ha Ta3r{ rlHTeJrufeHut{q; ror."I e Ko"lreKTI{BeH MoAen 3a I{AeHTI4- xopa. Zua,ro caMo gne ,,upo$ecuoHarHl4" II3LICKBaHrffl, 3a [a cra-
(tuxaqur, rap airrlrpaq c oquarHa 3HarII{Mo cr, Lr3n:b qB aflI rIpI4BneKa- HeI[,,aABoK artlr"'. Aa Moxeru Aa nIdIIre[ v la cuqel 3aroua. Orralr
rerno 6laropogcrBo ; or nero 6r,,rrapcKara uHre.IlureHulrfl, rlr4rtatu HaTaTL,K BCeKIT llerleJlen K.]rI{eHTI{ nO CnOfi CO6CreeH I{ar{I4H. Alero
e r.rMa.Jra n tr1e qpoA:b:rxaBa Aa uMa rr'LpBocrenenHa ueo6xoAl4Mocr. olI4TaJr qpe3 3HaHr,rflt4 c.r-c caMorryBcTBrleTo Ha Ar4rrnoMr4paH ropr4cr;
Maxap qe ocraBa 3aBr,rHarla rr,r:lag (ra eecel), A:rexo Koncrau- pe3ynrar:br 6un neqaluo HeaAeKBareH r.r Ha ABere. Hrarqo qy,[Ho, rre
Tr{HoB n geitcrnarer.rrrocr e c 'rplr roAr.{Hr4 no-BT,3pacrell I{ or ll-p K:bM a1BoxarcKara pa6ora fltrraen uafi-neqe orBpaueHr4e. ,,TaKoBa
Kptcres, u or fleH.{o C:ra}refiKos, HeroBlrfl np:sn 6raorpa(f u go- orBparr{eHxe - iluIrre llenqo C:raaefixos e c'bBceM ecrecrBeHo y
6:Ep no:Har. Toii e pogeH trpe: 1863 r., na I xHyapu (gara, Kolro e[lra nmuuqa neqqafl, y e,qrrH cBeHJrrrB 6oxeueq, r{r4ero ropAo caMo-
Ir3r:rexAa uog6pana sa go6pure rucare-rrl4, I-Ia HerI, Ho Irerlra[ecer mo6ue 6usaue HaK:bpHrBaHo or BCflKo rroraraHe Ha pr,Ka, or BCfl-
ro.qrrun llo-K:r,erro, ce pax[a u fleopon). ,{ercrnoro rray e 6e,ra:ario KaK'bB ila3aprr,K."
or cr4;rHara $rarypa u BJraerr'roro nplrc'bcrBlre Ha 6au1ara, I4salutt- Toqno flpelfi Aa ce [peAa,ue u3liflno Ha agtso(arcKara npaxrr{-
ua XaANranoHclaHTr{r{oB --re)K:bK, 3alBopeH qoBeK, 3aMoxeH T:bp- ra, rofi orrr4rBa r4 norrplrrqero Ha rroJrr4rux. flpes 1894 r. ce KaHAr4-
IOBCII. )KeHeH 3a TpI4 IIT,TI'I IO-M"lIala C:bIIpyIa, qeCTO II:bTyBaUI IIO narvpa 3a HapoleH rrpeAcraBr.{re:r or lenaoKparuqecKara rtaprvr,
pa6ora u: Arcrprar lr Pyu:suun. Cpea MaJrKoro My BI4AI{MI{ y[o- B poAHr{fl ctrrpaa\ Cnuulon. fleuyrar. pas6upa ce, craua-]r KaHIIr4-
BolrcrBr{fl 6rilr uasuxl,r ,qa pa3xa3sa s ceMefiHa cpela aHeKgorurl- Aarbr Ha Hapo4uqilrrara raprus, Ko-rrro B3eJra BJracrra BeIHara
Hr{ r4cropr{r4 3a cMe[Horo rIoBeAeHrIe Ha b-bnrap]r, o3oBaJIr{ ce ,,Ha cneA rra.4aHero Ha ClaM6oros, Ho oille ua 24 cerrreMBprr [pe3
uyx6uua". Cauust Areno, eJrIrHc'TBeHo MoMqe ll fl'bpBopoueH Hac- ra3r{ roA}rHa ce pax4a $efinerouucrnr A,rero. Torasa e ny6nuny-
JIeAHITK, e 6a,r BHrrMare"lrHo lra3el{ or B"rII{flHIrero Ha y:rlllrara LI or BaH HeroBr4rr np:bB $efinerou ,,Ilo us6oplrre e CaurqoB", 6:L,p3o
rrpocTr{Te crl c:bfpa)KllaHr{eTa - Aorarr, qe floryr{Hn oT c:bceIlcru{Te rrocnelBaH npe3 cnelBarrlr4re rpr4 Meceqa or ort1e oceu rlefi,reroua

222 223
Ha pa3nuqHl,I ITOJII4TI{r{eCKI{ TeMI4, nO[IInCaHI{ C HOBIlfl flCeBAOHI',{M rurMa ra orMurre u Hero. I4 saucruua, ayroncl{rra cneA cM:L,prra My
U{acrnuneq. (ua rpugecer 14 r.rerr.rpr4 roAr4rrrHa e's:pacr) rroKa3Ba Hzufiqflero r{a
B ro:ra HoB 3a rBopr{ecrBoro My Naup A:rer<o rpugo6uea IoJUI- 3apoleHa, Ho Hepa3Br{ra Ao oH3r4 MoMeHr ry6epxy:ro:a.
Ma r{3BecrHocr, Ho ne c $eii:Ierotlu e iloqHar rl'br-tr My Ha rII{careJI tr{ ece rlax, roLrr{o npes 1890 r., Koraro yMr{pa u ilocr'reAHara My
n 6r:rrapcrara nl{reparypa. Orqe or cpegara na 80-re roguuu rofi cecrpa, lloArlrlc:F,r Kpyrmafi Cupora HflKaK rafincrseuo npec'raBa Aa
ce npofBrBa Karo [peBOAaLI Ha Xy[oxecrBeHa nl{reparypa, f]IaB- c-bulecrByBa. lleHqo C:raseiixos oqeBr4Aerl or n'bpBa p:bKa, Kaxro
Ho or pycKlr e3IrK, 6Jr{3:bK Ao Apyrrrre rBopIII{, o6e,qnnesu oKoJIo Beqe Ka3ax - ro orgaBa Ha eIuH go6rp r.r BepeH [pyrap, HaBJUr3:bJ1
ceMeficrso Kapaee,ronu u Eu1tuomeKa ,,Ce. Kluuerum". fluwe u B xr4Bora ua 6e:cpe6Tpnrr$ Illacr:rureq . tr4saH lo:rosaHoe - pycrrr
crl4xorBopeurr, nafi-neqe carllputlnu. B ponflTa crl Ha crl{xorBo- eMr.rrpaHT, crapoBepeu or Ty:r.ra ,,K:bcr4qbK, ge6enuq:bK lr rlre-
peq Alexo KoncraururioB e MalIKo Il3BecreH, Aopl{ Ha JlI{reparyp- rlrr4B qerup[AecerroArrrxeH epreH, c 6,rara r.rpoHr4llecra ycMr4BKa Ha
Hr{re rrclopuql{, Ho roBa e noflpr{ure, Koero rofi o'lenngno^xapecBa Ie6e,'rlr ycrHu", craBa HeroB BepeH ,cr6ytntmttK 14 [pyrap B crr{-
r.r B Koero [poAr,nxaBa Aa ce v3flBflBa [opl{ B cpeAara Ha 90-re ro- TaHuflTa uy". Bcruluocr fo:roraHon npr.r6upa A,rexo B cBor roM
gunu. Taxa HanpuMep npe: 1894 r. (eeue aBrop Ha lr:r,relrrrca ,,Ao u xflBee c Hero, ,,.[oKaro cM:bprra rrr pa3reirr4". C,reA y6rafrcreoro
9rlraro...") roil uy6:rnxyBa B.r,B BecrHI,IK llpoepec ql4rtn or AeBer ycMI{BKaTa My Ha[:bJ'lHo r43qe3Ba, ,,HflKaKBa M-bUIeBI{Ha lnpn1ylU
carr{puqHl{ crl4xorBopeHl'{fl ron o6ruoro 3al-rlaBlle,,Ilpo:a B crl4xo- rrorneAa Ha KporKr4re My crrBr{ oqu - rofr 6tp:o 3aKpe{ rr cKopo
Be", rogr.flpaeafiKla HpaBI{re Ha cBoI{Te c},BpeMeHHzqra, uali-ne'le yMprr B caMorHocr tn'tbra:a usry6eunr gpyrap".
norl{Tt4 qecKoro xaMe,'l eoHCTtso. Ho [a ce BT,pHeM KbM no-xlacr:ruBure gnlr. Canro ABa Meceua,
,,C:r,tquncru" [Ircare,T o6aqe A:rero craBa eABa c rry6,luryeaue- cne,q Karo v3nu3a,,aMeplrraHcrkrflT" rrbre[r{c, oqeB[AHo oKpI4neH
ro Ha 14 Ha3ag" npes 1893 r.
flbrerlfica,,Ao Llurcaro TeKcr, rofiro or r{eoqarBanara crlaBa, A:rero Ber{e 3aMLrcJUI cBof BTopIr olI{T B
My creqenBa nceo6rua craBa. flar g-p Kp:r,cren nallcl{pa re3ara' qe rrpo3a: flopeAnua or aHeKIIor[LrHrl pa3(a:a, o6eguueHr.r or [pr{-
6e:rerpucrsr A;rero ce paxna B rlT,Te[IecrB]4ero Ao Hosuq cB-flT rtoA c:L,crBr{ero Ha eArrH o6rq repoir c r4Mero Eail fauso. [-p Kprcren
P.IIrLflH]1le Ha rpaHA!{o3HI4Te BneI{aT.lIeHI4-rI, CIIOJIeTe.IIII HeIOBaTa qyBCT- ynoprrTo r.r B fipo[:bnxeHr4e r-ra IBaAeceT ro,qr4Hrr TB:bp,ur4, qe noArr4-
B geficreureJlHogT LIUraro e rperl{;1r,,cBeroBeH
BLITeJrHa..[clIxI4Ka. K:br 3a ra:u rsop6a e Aolx:bn lr3rlflno orBT,H. Taxa xaxro ,,1:brlllrre
rp&g", rocereH^or Alexo; npes i889 r. roii pa3rnexAa rl:bpRoro cBe- 3a[ucKLI" ga Hostas cBrr ce noflBflBar rlo BT,HruHI{ rrog6ygu oqaK-
roBHo LI3JIoxeHue n flapux, a rpe3 1891 r. I'I Broporo n llpara. Oxolo BaH[r{ra Ha Apyrapilre My Aa uyxr ruo6onr{rHr4 r4cropLtlru Hy)Klara
Kpa-fl Ha 1895 r. B rraBara My 3aroqBa Aa 3pee egHo ueo6llrHoBeHo Aa ce B:bpHar B3erure Ha3aeM rrapu rara r4 ,,Baii faHso" ce paxga
naMepeHrre :,[a HaIIpaBIr oxoJlocBercro rlbrelllecrBr{e fierla. Mexgy- ,,no cly.laiiHr{ B'bHrrrHrr no6yNgeurarr"; ,,Toir. e flpocro B'b3nporr3-
BpeMeHHo o6aqe eBeHryanHt4qr My Aplrap lrbrellecrBerurr, $pam1y- BexAaHe Ha aHeKJIOTTt U LICTIIHCKII CJryq(u, pa3Ka3BaHr4 HeMy OT
LrJ'reHoBere Ha HeroBara ,,Becera E:s,rrapua" (Kp'scren, ,,IItpwt
3r4Hbr fa,re, ce o6ecm na Ka,re MerlaH n Eelrpag, nocr'Ie IrbK TypcKIl-
Te B,rIaCTI4 OTKa3a,.lll ,Ua rO [yCHaT l]pe3 3eMI4Te cu, tt it farO 6nr
qneu rroprper", c. 166).
ua B:spxosril{q KoMI4Ter :a oceo6oNge[ftero ua Maregouua. Pa:6upa ce, ,rBecera Er:rrapnn" e rtpegIa Bcr4qxo KoMr]aHr4rr,
't.e. M_flcro 3a r(oJreKTI4BHo cnoAeneH yloBoncTtseH oIIl4T, Koero 03-
[o 1890 r. Alero I4Ma HaBIlKa [a trolrrl'IcBa rll{cMara Ao cBol4re
Ipyraplr c npo3Buurero Kpyr:rlrfi Crapora. He cano flo3ara Ha He- HaLraBa, qe Bcexr,r 6lr uor:s:r Aa ce BT,3rIoJI3Ba or o6ruu-fl Kalrr{Ta.rr
cperHr4K naAHl4rra or ra3r{ pycKa $pa:a; 4eficrnure:rHocrra cl,ruo ua pa3Ka3aHr{Te ucrop}ra. <Darr e, ue Alero e e4rrHcrBeur.rlr, nofr-
(u 61,xea,ruo) ro npesp:bxla B cl4paK. CaMo sa ner roAllHI{ (or 1885 'ro ycnrBa [a [peB:bpHe ro3r.r Korerrr4BeH Ar.rcKypc ua :a6anara s
'reKcr or HarI[oHiL,lHo 3Har{eHfle. ,,8 csor 3apoAlrm ,,Eafi fanbo"
uo 1890) yMllpa Ilflnoro nty ceneiicreo - MafiKa, 6arqa I'I rpu cec-
Tplr, rroKoceHu or Hac,leAcrBeua ry6eprcy,co:a. Huuo rryAHo, qe B Creure egua r4rpa Ha rreporo, 6eg Hurarsu no-ur.rpoKr{ 3ar,rr4c:r}r t,r
xelraHueTo ua AlerO Aa OIII4Ta Or BCilqKu yAOBonCrBLIfl rla xIIBOra rrperenqrau", npog'r:rxaBa I-p Kpr,cren. tr4 rosa HaBspHo e rlc'tulua,
rrMa Heulo HeHacI4rHo I{ rpecKaBo: roii e 6lr:r y6egeu, qe 6onecrra rroHe B n:bpBr,rre rqplrxrl ua o6pa:a, HaxB:bp,TeHt{ c noprperr{Te Ha

224 225
fanro CoNlos r{ r:bproBerla Aiisa:uau, Ka(ro u a ny6laxarlu-rrra Ha Ha nod1ue: nodtocmma Hapuqa 6,taeopodcn'tao, no-
H.Ltit,
rurKoJrKo Sef,neroua c repofr Eafi fanro no crpaHrrrlrrre Ha Muct.t 3op n p olb3 z/tactt6 a 3a 3aclty c a, 6 esuecmu.sma np ezpbtqa
a
npe: 1894 ro[rrHa. flony:rxpuocrra Ha HoB]r-fl repofi o6aqe e rolr- e do1podemet. W tdo?amo npu c,\rexa Hu eatu no1nuqama
KoBa Kareropr4r{Ha r{ pacre c raKaBa :ranzuoo6pa3Ha cKopocr, rre dytua ua noema u,'ru rcoeamo om Jncar 3a xapcnama ?ty-
aBTOpT,T My 3aIIoqBa Cepr4O3HO ga Ce 3aMr.rCJTfl Br,pxy r{aTpyrrBaHeTo nocnx u nodtocm a Hezo sazosoplt cop4e6otruo cocmpada-
ra o6pa6ornaHero lra ro:lflM ur4r:brT or pa3Ka3r.r 3a Hero. HLte Kb.Nt m.flx - mozaaa upoHunma u3lle3ga u Ha ,\4flcmonxo
fiar nonyrspHocrra v3vtpar,a u -]roila rreta Ha 6'slrapcrara il t:e nonenea x))A,topbm, e rcoitmo cbr3ume u c,t,texbm ('u no-
nr.ITeparypHa r{croprifl.,,EgHa rrpocra c,'ryuaiiuocr - cBraAerencrBa daeam porca.
lleuqo Craneffros - nortpequ Ha atsTopa Aa noflpaBr{ noHe B:bHrxHa- (,,Btopu noprper", c. 203 )
ra Sopna sa Bafi laur, roero ueqo rofi 6erue seqe pemu:r. E4zn
coQuficru Kur.rxap Heor{aKBaHo My rrpegnoxr Ia v3p.aile ua6:rp:o, B uaae.repllero Ha 11 uafi 1897 r. (rpa:nnxa ua 6tlrapcxa-
B orgeJrHa KHrrra, re3rr HeBepoqrHu pa3Ka3r4 [...] u 6esnapuuraero ra rrpocBera) A,rero KoucrasruHoe c,ryrafiHo cpeua n fl:rongue
lpIlHyAI{ aBTop:br rlr.r' [a ru r{3AaAe rroqrr{ rrfi, raxro re 6sxa eeqe Muxaul Taree KoJIera loprrcr Ir npoxoxgalll nonlrrllr or [err,ro-
no-HarrpeA [e.{araHu" (,,A,rero Koscranruuon", 152-153). Kulr- KparuqecKara rraprxq. C,teA naro npuKnlorlBar pa3roBopa rro [e-
xap{T, xofiro c:r6,rasHrrea A:rero, e fleuqo Cuuugon, a KHrrxKara JroBr4 B:brrpocr, TaKes rasu Arero Ia orl{Ae c Hero 3a [pa3HI4Ka
,,Eafi fauro. HereponrHr{ pa3(a3}r 3a egrrH cr,BpeMeHeH 6:srraplru" B po[Hurr My rpan fleruepa. Tau o6aqe npeAlalxHlrfl AeH e craHana
!r:i.v3a npe: 1895 roAr4Ha. roJrflMa KaBra (crc c6ueaue) rr,reNgy rreuepqn n xopa or 6,ursroro
IIo c:sqoro BpeMe, a v cneil, rr3lrr43aHero Ha Kur.rrara Ao ca- cero Pagr.uoBo - 3a crropHa ropa, or Koflro ceqerfl A:bpBera. Tares
Mara cu cM'bpr - Arexo KoncraHrrzHoB rrpog:b:rxaBa Aa nulre H (xaro entrrra :uauuocr) HapyraBa L{ ilporoHBa pall{JroBul4. Ot.ra.auu,
Qeii:reroura c Apyrrr repou. Cpeg Hafi-4o5pure or rflx ca ,,Pa3Hlr oHelpaBlaHra u go6pe nognlrfiHa:rl,{, re pemaBar Aa My orMr,crsr.
xopa, pa3Hu LrgegJrv",,,,Ilo Xe:uoura c roBexALI BaroHI4",,,IIJO 3Ha- Kuerr,r llerrp M[Hxos npaua ABaMa nbAapl4 Ia HarlpaB-flr rlycrrs,
uu ruap odam nittya a" ...Cnuc:sr ua 6:r:rrapcKl{Te reHVI{",,,Cefre.[u r.e. Aa rtprlqaral Safiroua, c rofiro nr,ryBar rtu flasapgNur Taxes
na pa6crur uyBcrBa", .,Xepocrpar ll". ,.Mrzu-Marrr". Te ce pa3nr{- ta HeroBu-rrr /Ipyrap - c'bB:bpureHo Helo3Har 3a rflx qoBeK. F,guttw-
qaBar or orpoMHara Maca Sefi:rerouu Ha cBoero BpeMe c orxa3a rr or n'r,Aapnre, Mulour Tonaron, crpeJlfl, Ho He ynyqBa HI4KoI'o.
,ra 6t,qar s,lo6Hla r.r 6esuapgoHHrr, c xyAoxecrBeHr{Te eJreMeHTu B Kypurylmr prrKorlupa or JrrBara crpaHa ua Qafrrona I4 nona,[a B
r{Hrepnperr{paHero Ha o6pa3ure, c Br4Haru roroBr4re ga pasqr$- rpr,AHr4r Koru Ha ApeMeuL{JI AleKo, cuynsafixr.r rarr pe6po. C.ry-
Har cpeA 6ogmre Ha carupara HpaBcrBeHr{, Aopr,r caHrr{MeHraJrHr4 reHrrrrr npafi ce crbBa HaBT,Tpe u npo6usa c:bplrero; BCI4r{Ko roBa
pa3cbxleHr4q, c oH3r4 cleqr4aJleH xyMop, s rofiro noAurpaBKara L{ HAYI{ABAME OT TOKJIAAA 3A AYTOI]CI4JITA. fIOPEgT qA OT T:bMHI4 CJIY-
cMex:bT c:bxIITencTBaT cT,c o:L,JI3LITe t4 O[TVTA 3a HpaBCTBeHO npe- qafinocrra Bo,ur.r Io {aranHrax xpafi.
B:L'3Nfl TAHI'E HA qI,ITATE]I,'I. florpe6eHuero Ha rrucare:rfl npr.rgo6rna IroJII4rIrqecKI{ xapaKrep
Hera Aa BrulrM orHoBo KaKBo Ka3Ba g-p Kp:scren: u ce npeBp:bil{a B orpoMeH nporecr cpeuy npaBlrTencTBoTo I,I B-lracr-
ra. fleir,rorparuqecKaTa rraprr4s opfaHr{3upa cBoIrTe c'bM}rIr]IeHL{qrI
l4zo6u4o Aterco pndrco 1uuyea 6 cloLtme fieittemoruu, or MHoxecrBo rpaloBe u Bcr4rrru re rlpr4crltrar n lIasapAxLIK, 3a,[a
oLlle no-pndrco ce flanaa 6 po"t.flma Ha uso1turtltmet Ha Ir3rrparflT noxoi.rHura, cnopeg HqKoI4 BecrHlrulr cr,6pauure 6n,ru qe-
3rxomo u .3,xocmopHuna, Hutdoza rue npudneea do namoc, Ho rrrpll,qec er xunflAr Ayuu. C o Suilcrurr yHI{B ep o{rer npeycraHoBlrJl
aculrKo, do rcoemo ce dorcocrue, o1tztxea cbc c6on cAtnx Lt eo 3attffvtfl 3a rpr{ AHrr B 3HaK Ha rpayp. I{atrara npeca rp:bMr{ara; or
npasu cMeruHo u Jtcantdo. 14 noruetrce cMexbm e edruuqrco- [{erera cly.lafiHocr (laralrurar I4HuI{ueHT ce npeB'bpHaJl B rlo,nl4rn-
mo My opbs4cue u qpe3 crvexa ucn"a da yHuu4oJtcu c7o.flma qecKr{ 3aroBop cpeu{y cno6ogara ua 6:s:rrapcxara lrHreJll4reHuu-fl.
Jtcepmsa, moii rue ?o6opu sa Hetqanta cepuosHo, Ho c upo- B fla:apgNr{K 3aroqHaJr rxyMeH rpouec. Ilponypoprr - qex, Ha

226 227
r4Me XrffieK Maiiep noucrBa cM:bprHa rrpr{cr,Aa 3a KMera Ha Pagtt-
-
rrr,[ap. trI rara Kaxro B Haqajrroro Ha npoqeca
.rroBo rr 3a crpe:renr4fl
o6suneHr4ero B,,rrpeAHaqepraHo ueloneroy6r4ricrBo" r43rnexIa He-
,,8 AiI, f AHb O,, vI E AiIf AHb O B III,I
Bepo-flrHo, Ao Kpar My Bcr{qrr{ ca y6egeuu, qe HqMa Hrrillo clylailHo
B OETTIECTBEHT4fl XT4BOT HA EbJrfAPVtfl
B orrr.rra Ha BJracrra gay6we r:bxMo A:rexo. Paxga ce Mr{r:br Alrero, OT KPAq HA XIX BEK
r{Aon'r,T A:rexo, rofiro c BCflKa cneABarqa rolr4Ha craBa Bce rro-Kpa-
cuv u y1eytrreJreH.
Iler:sp Muuxos z Mn:rour Tora,ros yBt4cBar ua 6ecu:rrara :a
pa,qocT Ha Bcr,rrIKLl l{ B oqeBr4AHO rrpoTr4Bopeqr4e c BT,3L[eAr{Te Ha
caMlafl, A,reKo, qlrfiro xa6utnta\uoHeH rpyl (n onnra My ,qa cra-
ue loqenr) e 6ust Ha reMa npasomo 3u noiluJtnarue. ,,flpanoro 3a
noMHJrBaHue - rrr4rrre rofi - Karo ynpaxHeHr4e Ha MraJrocr, Ha qeJro-
eexo,rlo6ue, Ha MLIJIoc:L,pAr{e e cr,[IecrByBa:ro 6e:rpaHlrqHo ulru B
orpaHur{eHa $opiua BT,B Bcr4qKV BpeMeHa r.r HapoArr, To c:bilIecrByBa & * p"t 1895 r. tr{saH Ba:oB HarrrcBa pa3xa3a ,,KapAauree Ha
r{ AHec naro ueo6xourrMo Aorr:bnHeHr.re, Karo rrolpaBxa B Hec:bBbp- .,&- ..*.roB", n rofiro eAr.{H c:bBpeMeHeH 6:s,rrapcrN nr.rcalel, Kap-
IrleHcrBoro Ha qeJroBerlecKl4r c:bg." AarrreB, T:bpclr KpacrrBr4 rl poMaHrrlqHlr reporr rs coQuficrhre ynv-
Tora, rtoero r{e e MoxeJr 4a c-so6pa:rr, a oilIe [o-MaJrKo trail3pa- ur.r. CneI Karo cpeqa caMo r:bxHr.r 14 rpo3nrr vtc'topuu, reporrr crvta
3r4 B ropr4Alrqecxa Sopuy:ra qoBero.rrrolusvst loprrcr, e, rre rroHflKo- AO 3aKnIOqeH[eTO, tle ,,BI{COKI,rTe" pa3Ka3l4 HflMaT MiICTO B HOBaTa
ra IrMeHHo o6rqecrnoro r{Ma HyxAa or HexyMaHHocr, 3a Aa cr4 c:b3- Hr{ nr4Teparypa. Pa3ra3'br 3aBT,pruBa cr,c 3HaMeHareJrHo u3perle-
[aAe e,qHa ]rere.Hga, eguu o6pa: Mrlr, c nofiro 6u uor:ro [a )r(r4Bee, HLIe: ,,HeKa 6-sge caurpdrrl.",I4 TaKa rlocraBg ueo6xoglruocrra or
6e: Aa ce orBparrlaBa or ce6e cu. Kpurr.rqecKo rl3o6nr4qeHr{e Ha coquarrHara AeiicrBurenHocr Karo
naii-saxHa 3a1aq,a npeA rBopqure or 90-re ro,qunu Ha XIX ser.
B c:surara roguHa ce rrorBrBa KHurara ,,6aii fauso", u3gageHa
AON T,IHI4TEJTHA II'I TEPATY PA or Beqe r43BecrHr{fl Hu co$lrficxu (Hr4xap Cnlru4oe. Teop6ara ua
A,rero KoncrasruHoe e Har.i-errcoxa creneH e rropoAeHa or arMoc-
. C,rasefr*ou, [."ro. A,rero I{oncrauruuon. - B: C.ruuueuru e 4na Separa u uorpe6uocrr{re Ha cBoero BpeMe. T-f, e c:buoro BpeMe rrr
rova. T. 2. Co$raa: Er,:rrapcr<u nucare,r, 1966. o6o6uasa r{ npeBp:bula B xyloxecrBeH o6pa:, rofiro B:bBex[a HoB
Kptcren,,u-p Kprcrso. fh,peu noprper - 1897; Bropn noprper crrrJr Ha nrrrep arypHo us o 6p aNeHrre, p a3lrr{qeH or cr,rrlecrByB ailIara
1907. B: Errc4r.r, Kpr4rr4Ktr, perleH3ilu. Corfua: E:urrapcrlr rucareJr, TpaAr{uufl. [-p Kp:screB, MaKap r{e e eAuH or rrr,pBr4Te, Kor4ro c'b3-
1 978. HaBar 3HarreHuero Hara3v reop6a, ce qyBcrBa AoHflrGAe o6rpxau u
Ilenen, Eoan. flpeopaulenr.lrra na6aftlaul. B: CryAuu. Craruu. HeAOBOneH Or Jrr{rrcaTa Ha Kracr4qecKr{ r43A-bpxaHa KoMno3r.rur4oHHa
Ecera. CoSur: Br,:rrapcxlr rrucare:r, 1985. or (refi:reroHHr{Te rroxBarr{ na nso6paxeHr{e, or uepuo-6a-
rlfl.rrocr,
flelena, tr4uua. A:rero Koucranrunon. Euorpa$uq Ha qereHero. Co- c'sqoro npe-
Jrara rrcr4xoJrorrrqecKa xapaKrepr{crr.rKa Ha repor{re. B
(lux: llpocnera,2002. Nre o6a,{e rolr npo:op:ruso or6erfl3Ba, qe Aaxe HeAocralbrlr{Te B
I4roo, Cneuo:ap. ,,Eaii lanro" u 6ail fanrc. 3aragr,vnara rnop6a :a ,,Ealt fanso" ca nopogeHrr or cnequ$nrara Ha 4eficrBurerHocrra,
upo6reuaru.trur 6r,,rrapun. lllon4un: Xaner 45, 2008. 3a KoflTo pa3xa3Ba, rre MexAy HaqrrH u o6er<r Ha ra:o6paNeHrre c'b-
A,rexo KoucraurnuoB Karo aABoKar (ctcraerre:r flanuela [o- xlecrByBa rr3xJrroq[TeJrHo rr cr{MrrroMarr4rrHo eguHcrso. Tara Ha-
xoncra). tr43Aaea Bucu a4norarcKr4 c'r,tser, Cotlua,2012. npr{Mep $parnreurapHara K o Mrro srtr\tr tt orp a3qB a 3 a[T,xaHrm pur:b M
Ha flpexon MexAy ABe enoxu n 6:slrapcrara rrcropr4Jr; $ef,neronuo-

229
 [PI4Iasa ocrpora Ha KpurI,IrIHoro orHoIIreHI4e; xyMop:br e
TO HarriL,ro
Ka4np or Qu.rnaa
,rEafi Iaurot'o\922rt
eAHHcrBeHoro cpeAcrBo sa 6op6a c lpo3Horo B rlpocrpaHcrBoro Ha r,'raBuara po.nn Croan
KynrypHoro Mr,rcJreHe. Cauo rofi ce ora3Ba cnoco6en Aa o6elIaHu IIonoe
rHeBa ua nso6nraqkrrerrs. c 6orxara Ha Mopanr4c'ra v c I4poHI,IrIHara
calroua6nroAarenHocr Ha r{cr}IHcKltll }IHTeJrI4feHT, a I4MeHHo roBa ca
uafi -cnequ$IlqHl4Te 6eresu Ha pa3Ka3Barla Anexo Koncranrrznoe.
3aelHo c rpr[[qHr4 repo[ or pa3Ka3rrre na Bason r<aro fopo:ro-
faubo [onaIa B MoIena Ha HerarI,IBHoro 6rmap-
rr,ror pr Eanron, Earl
cKo, Ha Jrorrlara, olopoqeuara coqr4ilrlHa lIIeHTI,rrIHocr ua 6rmap-
crr,u{ rroBer. Tara rofi ce ora3Ba Brrr4caH B oHa3r,r neue $opunpaJru
ce nr,rTepaTypHa rpaArrrlr{rr, KorITo [poTrlBorlocraBfl vaeufilTe Ha
Brb3pox,[eHcKoro BpeMe ua rpy6ara geficrnurenHocr, Hacr:bllrJla
HeorraKBaHo r,r HerroAogr4paHo MHoro cxopo cner Ocso6oxnegl,Iero.
Ho Eafi fauro e Mrroro noBer{e or npocBerrrreJrcxl,I-Mopanl4crruHl4- Hr4 B qoBerlKara [p4poAa, Te ce noflB.uBar rlplr BceKI4 HOB [OnUp
re carr4plr ua Basos. Tofi ne e rpocro (apl4xarypa Ha eAI4H coqua- Ha fiHruBuqa c o6uqecraoro, c pIHcrI,ITyIIIrI4re A TrxHara BJIacr, c
JreH Trrrr, Hr{ro caMo ecrerplqecKo o6o6qesze Ha orpI4IIareJIHI'Ire lpyrr4re xopa, He3aBIrcI,IMo or KoHKpernnre o6croJITeJIcrBa Ha e[Ha
xapaKTepr.Icrl,rrrl B o6ruecrseHr{s xrrBor rr B c:63HaHlzero Ha HoBI{rI r4nrr Apyra erroxa.
6r:rrapran, a o6pas, s rofiro ce ornexqar rpafixu qeprl4 Ha qoBelx- ,,Eafi lanso" 3aloqBa c IBe KparKI,I B:bBereHw,, rpa$wuHo orAe-
Koro, B rofiro ce cpeqaT n c6rtcrcnar pa3nrqHl4 erloxu, cBbp3Bar JreHr4 rroMexly crr I4 or ocraHarara rlacr Ha reKcra. fltproro ce
ce no uafi-npuqy1Jrr4Brr Hariltukr [pori{Bopeql,IBl4 rlporrBlr Ha HaIIuo- cbcrorr or e[Ho-eAuHcrBeHo I43peqeHue, Ho ro e 6oraro Hac[re-
HaJIHvrs. Hrr xapaKrep. Ho c aJleropr4tleH cMlIc:bJI s o6racrra Ha I4cropuqecxr4Te, rIoJIIrrlI-
Hecnyrafiuo, [oqrr{.Be[Hara cner rloflBara Ha Kulrrara, BI3HI4K- qecrr{re I4 HpaBcrBeHrme Brrylueuus. MoxeM Aa ro pa3T:bnryBaMe,
Ba roneM3flr Kpr4r[qecKra cnop 3a c:blllHocrra ua o6pasa. Kar<:rs e aKo ro ocMl4cJrrrM Karo clIMBoJII4rIeH cneKTaKbJI ua npeo6mtuaHero:
rofi? larrn coqrmneu rzn, o6o6qeHa [poflBa Ha eAHa HoBoBT,3Hr'IK- ,,flouorHaxa sa 6afi. faHs [a cMbKHe or rrneuprre crl arap-flHcKl4.fl
Barrla Knaca, KaKro rarpgu coqzafi4crruecKara KpI4TI4Ka Ha oHo- flMypnyr, HaMerHa cra rofi erura 6emr,rficKa MaHr[rI - I,I BcI4rm]I pe-
Ba BpeMe B nlaUero na,{utrrlarrp Elaroen u feopru Eara"llon? Izlnu Koxa, qe 6afi lanro e Beqe qfln eBponeeq". KprarnKara orlaBua e
nrr e 6rmapun, neo6pa3oBaH u rpy6, KaKTo MHoro xopa, roKy-Iqo ilpocne,u4na 3HatIeHIlIero Ha BceKI4 Aeraffn B Ta3I,I xrrBOnI{CHa Kap-
u3nlr3arrJ.r1 oT [pocTpaHcrBoTo Ha cBorITa IrpoBI4HuI4tUIHa 3arBope- ruHa. ,,IloMolqrao' e Ocno6o,qurenHara rofiua; flMypnyrbr - Typ-
socr? Moxerra npr Ia ro MrrcJI]IM raro o6o6uleHple Ha o6ruo.Ione[rKu cKoro po6crBo; 6erruficrara MaHTIITI e arlo3lafl rtlvr 6enrnficKara
qeprr,r, cuequ$nuura :a uafi-pasrl4qul4 BpeMeHa I4 elroxrr? He e rut KOHCTr,rr)rqI{.fl, I4SrIOJI3BaHa KaTO MOAeJT B I43rOTB-rIHerO Ha n:bpBara
rrairr,rqeu 6amaueq, homo balcanicus, KaK:bBro MoxeM ga cpequena 6rmapcra KoHcrrrryllll;t n Ttpnono, a ueimana nolyo6leueHocr
B:bB Bcr{rrKrr crpaHpr Ha AocKoporrrHara Ocuaucra urrlnepua? [nec, (,,uauerua cu") 3aratna HeBb3Moxuocrra or MLmIoBeHa [poMJrHa
or Ar4crarilI\ti{ra Ha rr3Mr,rHzlrlr{Te Aecerl4nerut, uait-rouno ue 6:sAe na o6qectseHaTa Aefr crsrarennocr.
Aa KaxeM, qe Bafi laHr,o e Bcr4rrxo rosa: rofi e u coluaJrHo KoH- Izllaa o6ase r{ Herrlo [oBerre. Haclegrala flpaKTlrrlHo-rlpelMer-
KpereH, rr HpaBcrBeno o6o6ueH; ucroplmecKl4 BpeMeHeH I'I HeI,I3- HOTO MlrcJrerre HA Bb3pOXneHCKara efloxa, irureparypara B Kpafl Ha
irerrr4Mo BerIeH. B nero orKpllBaMe rwl]I,tlIHI,I qepru na 6amaueqa, XIX ser o6ptrqa roJIflMo BHI,IMaHUe Ha [pexrtTe I4tIa rsxrrara cflo-
Ha ,,BT,3TOrI]Fra;Ia" IICUXI4Ka, KaKTO 6IIXa ra3aru BaSOS[re leporl or co6socr Aa cr4MBonl{3r{par pa3nruHl4 HpaBcrBgHpI u coql{anHr{ xa-
,,9pt{oBql,r", Ho rr Ha BceKr,I Manorynrypeu rIoBeK Iaso6qo. Hqro[ paKTeprrcrlarl{ Ha irl{t{Hocrra. Karo I,I3rIon3Ba rparygaflTa Ha l1r,na
rreprrr rua laittasaoBcxrm xaparrep r{3rnex,qar gt:r6oxo BKopeHe- lpyfia noroBoprr{ (uanprvrep ,,Bbrrbr Koxara cI4 Melilt, Ho HpaBa
230 231
,
cr,I He'.,,,IloruegHar ce l4ilua, [aK B TI4.f", ,,flo gpexure [ocpeuar, cl.lTyauxr4, KofaTo ce oKa3Ba Lr3-
rto yMa u3upalqar" r4 Ap.), rnop6ara sa Arero KoucraurzHoB r{3- [paBeH IIpeI nmleTo Ha rryx.qufl
lpaxAa e$errno Brryrrrenr4e, Koero HarroMrrrr 3a KapuaBan. 9pes cBrr rilrr,r npeg ueo6xo,Ur4Mocr-
pr{Tyana Ha MacKapa.IHoro upeo6Jrr4rraHe r-fl npelcraBr xenaHr4ero Ta[a ocMr,rcnu co6crneHoro cr4
3a rl-flnocTHa IIpoM-flHa B HarIr4oHaJrHaTa r4Ae]rTrurrrHocT ua 6rnrapuna Mrrcro B HoBaTa cneAB:L,3pox-
cneg Ocno6oxneHr,Iero, Ho 3aeAHo c roBa I4 HeBT,3Moxuocrra or leHcKa gefrcrnrarenuocr. Eait
noAo6uo Mar[irecKr4 6rpso ,qeficrnrae, JrlrlreHo or nocne[oBareJr- fauro u dafttarrsoBrlrl He crpa-
Hocrra Ha 6annara r4cropruecxa eBonroqr,rfl. Telrara sa 6rrrapuna, IaT OT ltr4l]oa Ha CaMOr{lBCTBr,Ie.
xofiro wcna ila 6rge enponeeq, :arrp6r4Jr rr3rlrno locKoporrrHara Po4uoro Mrrcro Ba rflx e ueHTib-
crr npoBrrHrll,.I.aJtHa 3aTBopeHocT Ha rroJryoppreHrar,rcKr4, rronynarpr{- p:bT Ha cBeTa, TaKa KaKTo n[rl-
apxarleH qoBeK (rona e IrMeHHo,,-rrMypJr)aK:br",'tvrrkr.rlra oBrrapcKa Hl,rflr r{Hrepec e Kpr,rrepufi sa
[pexa, BT,B BbBelenzerb), e MHoro xapaKrepHa sa ormapcxara 3HAI{I,IMOCTTA HA BC-flKO HOBO CIb-
nr4Teparypa or oHoBa BpeMe. A-rero Koucranrr,nroB r flpeAcraBfl 6urue. Te ca arpeckrBHrr4eofiH-
nrn $efinerouHo-carr4pr4qeH rrJraH. I{ennar pa3Kas sa 6ait lauro rqe cTBeHI4, [aTpr4OTI4 IO TTIOBI4HI,I-
IIpeAcTaBiurBa cloxeT Ha xeJraHzeTo, Ho r{ Ha HeB:b3MoxHocTTa 3a 3T,M, rpbMorJracnl4 6paHlarerra
TaKaBa Mr4rHOBeHa rrpoMrlHa. ua 6rmapcKara rroJrr,rrr4na v Ha
Broporo, c:brrlo raKa rpaSruecrra o6oco6eno, BT,BeleHr{e ckrryr4- b:smapcrara vcropr4fl., rrryMHr4
parnaBHyts.repofi cpeA rpyla or xopa, Korrro pa3xa3Bar sauero. ,{o rocrr{ Ha BcrKa rpa[e3a. MnaAu-
Kpiur Ha rnop6ara rexHraTe o6pasu ocraBar HeAopa3Br{rr{; aKrleHr:br Te rrHTeJrr4feHTII OT CBOfl CTpaHa Ianr,o Conror flpororurr Ha eAHo-
haga manuo Bbpxy cnoco6nocrra rrM Aa roBopflr 3a eAr.rH Apyr qo- c:b3HaBaT [poBlIHrlr4anrr3Ma Ha
-
rrMerrHrrfl repofi na A,rero Koncran-
BeK, Kororo Br*npueMar Karo MHoro pa3JrrrlreH or ce6e cu. flopa4rz M-flCTOTO, OTK:bIeTO I{IBaT, CTeC- TIIHOB
il[rcaraHa scriraxsa [oprperHa r,r orrr4carenHa Konrpernocr 6uxue rurBaT ce or HeKynq/pHocTra Ha
MorJrrl Aa..rr4 HapeqeM rroBecrByBareJrHrr rJracoBe. 9pes raxHo- cBoI,ITe cborerrecrBenl4rlra, Koraro ce HaMl,rpar n uyx6uua (ga cn
rO IpI4CILCTBIIe.B:F,B BTopaTa yBolHa qacT ce IlopaxAa eII,IH ABy- rrpelcraBrrM oHe3r4 crleHlr, B Kor4ro 6afi fanro e BaBeAeH sa 6ass.
rroJrrocen MoAen ua 6nmapcrara geficrBr{reJrnocr. B eguHua rpafi t4Jl;ana 6a"ner), crpanar or KoMrrrrercr,r 3a ucroplFrecra r4 KynrypHa
ce HaMI4pa aKTlrBHrrrrr, Aeficrnarqlrqr repofi, Hocr4TeJr Ha Herarr{BHr4 ManorleHHocr. Toquo raKa, KaKTo canpelcraBeHr4 BtbB BToporo Bb-
collr4aJiHr{ I{ HpaBCTBeHU XapaKTepVCTr4Kr4. K:r,rr4 UerO B XOAa Ha rro- BeAeHrle, Te ce crpeM;rr ga 6:Egar Bvtmaril 3ae4uo, B lpyna, luacrpa:aa
BecrByBaHr{ero ce ,uo6ansr v [pyrkr uogo6nz ,,repo[" (crygeurure oT r[yxIeHrILITe.
Eonros ra Acnauon n uyx6lrua, flouoo:ry, fouoony r4 KoMlaHr4rr, Izlua cauo elr4H MoMeHr, n rofiro reKclbr qpelcraBfl, Ma(ap pr
Koraro 6aff fanro ce 3aBpr,ula n E:rmapnx). B orcpeqnux rpafi ce MHoro HarparKo, TflxHoro ofl[caHrae. flonagual n llpara 3aeAHo
pa3nonarar MaJrKa rpyna r.{HTenerTyanqlr, o6egraneHr{ or xenanr,reto c floJloBoro MacJIo, Eafi fanso cKLITa B orrlrr Aa orKplre H-rIKaKBr,r
Aa 6:sAar HpaBcrBeHo r{ rroJrprrrrrecru go6pogereJrHra, or orrr.rra Aa 6nmapt. Tofi srrasa B eAHo ra$eue, Banr4rBa 3a rflx 14 B Tosr4 Mr{r
ce rrpoTr4BoIIocTaBgT r{peS xyMopa Ha rpo3HoTo r,I tIoIIIJIoTo, Kor4To rronre[br My rrqfla[a ua 6:urrapcKr4re cryAenru. B c:r,ur4.rr Mrar r,r
rz sao6raKansr. C rqx ce ngeuruSurlr4pa v caNfitr"t rroBecrByBareJr, HIIO fI4 BI,IXnaMe: ,,qepHOOKI/tqKI4, TI€pHOKOCI,IIIKI{, CIyIXOHI4 CT,OTO-
xofiro qe qpec:b3Aage n o6pa3a Ha MnaElz,A Kaunr{Aar 3a ,[enyrar qecrBeHrrqu". (Jlrc6onurHo e, qe caMrlrr nr4careJl e IzMaJr :uaBkrxaAa
Wr,aruwla fpauaruron or Bropa qacr HelocpeAcrBeHr4fl clr oflr{r B roBopra sa ce6e cr,r Karo 3a ,,cKpoMHr[qKvA) cBLITId,{Rils" Anero.) He
rroJrr{Tr/rrlecKara gefi crnureJrHocT. MHoro pa3nl4qHo ra3rnexna n rofi caMrrfr: ,,e,quH rrrrapororrneqecr,
C rasu nolsr6a Ha [Be nporr4BonoJroxHr,r lpyflu repora rercrbr rlepHoor, r{epHoxoc il la)Ke qepHoKox rocrrogr4H'.. Eguncrneuara
rrpeAcraBs u ptr,ar:rtrra noBeAeHrae ua 6urrapcrr{f qoBeK, oco6eno s pa3nl4Ka cqKaru e cKpr4Ta B HeroBoTo caMorlyBcTBr{e, B JlurcaTa Ha

232 233
BcrKaKBr.r 3aAp:bxKr{ rr KoMnJIeKcI4 3a ManoqeHHocr. Ill:uexga, ue cBo.rrra er{HoJrr4qHocr, ulaqt4Bu1yilJrHocr'. Toii e r{AeaneH Hocr{reJr Ha
.uBara. Tr4rra reporr ca He rlpocro flporl{BorlocraBeHl4. Te no-cropo 6afirauroecKrrre Kalrecrna. Orryx Apyrr{re nr4qa, cponura sa Bafr
Ce AOlT,ntsaT, 3a [a [peACTaB-flT eAuH IIqnOCTeH MOA9I Ha C:b3HaH[e- lanro, ca Aon:bnHeHr4e, pa3HoBr4Ar{ocr Ha rufla. .. Bart fauso, cpan-
TO r,r rroBe,ueHr{ero, xapaKTepeH 3a 6:bnrapcKlrrl qoBer Ha npexo.[a ueu c Eogron, Acrauor rr Apyrr.r, e caMo no-crap, [o-3p-r]r, Han],JrHo
MoxAy ABe enoxu B Kpaq ua XIX ser. oSopuen r{HArrBr4A, rofiro ce rBflBa Kraculrecru o6paseq Ha Brrla,
He lroxe Aa I,IMa cbMHeHVe, qe o6pa3T,T ua 6afi faur,o e noA- 6uros o-nctrxororr4qe cK rr tr rr cr opltqecKrr oS opueu rl.rrt rep ofi "2.
qepraHo rI4rIIrueH, 3aMI4cJIeH raro o6o6uleHl{e Ha eAHa ron-flMa Bafi fasso e o6pas - cr{MBoJr Ha rrpexo.qa Me)Kly ABe erroxr4 B
rpyna or coul4anHl{ I4 rICrrxoJIorIrqecKI'I xapaKTeplrcruxu. B c:bulo- 6rlrapcxara vc'topufl r.r B c'b3HaHrrero Ha 6rnrapcxrx qoser. 3a-
To BpeMe o6aqe He MoxeM Aa orpeqeM, rle c:bulecrByBa LrHp.uBLl' eAHo c arap-rrHcxrlq rMypnyK rofi e sac:regun flcflxr4rara:ua,qocro-
pyan*a KoHxperHocr R peqra Ir B noBeAeHl4ero Ha repor. Izllrenuo porxHu-fl po6, xofiro nHec r.rcra Aa 6'sile rocnolap Ha BcflKa rleHa,
TOBa CT,qera:Hrre Ha npeo6:ragaBarua rr{nu3a\ilfl c uso6paxeHl4e B 14 ToBa o6scnqsa Heclr,pxanara 6escrpynynHocr B cout{a!'rHrrre
cnequ$uuuu cloxerHl{ npo-fl8l4 nopaxAa B:ss[,eficrnarlara cllna Ha My npoqBIa. BexonHara rrorrrcHarocr r{ yHrr3eHocr ua 6s:rrapuua
o6pa:a. IzI nce IraK rle vug,rralr,trya.IlHoro, a rlrflrlqHoro BI{Haru e ce ora3Bar napaAor(canHo, Ho rorr4qHo npeo6pa:yeamu a mz6rnu:qu
npuBnurlaJlo BHI4MaHI4eTO Ha BCUqKIT Kpt{Trrul{, KaTo ce 3aloLIHe c na xecroKocr r4 B roroBHocr [a ce yflpaxHr.r 6e:or:reAHo Hacrrrure.
Kpafl Ha XIX sex. flo nono6eH Hatrr{H ra Basos paz1vpa crpaHHr4re [peBpaueHt{fl Ha
Ilr,peum cepl4o3eH aHaJll43arop Ha KHVrara e g-p Kpt,cree. 6tlrapcrua qoBeK, Hacrr,rrr{ru c BpeMero cneA Oceo6oxAeHr.rero.
I4ueuno roli n:Enexga reMara 3a 06111010, Koero cpogsBa repo-fl c B pa:xasu Karo ,,3afIaJIeHr,ITe cHoll4" 14 ,,T:bMeH repofi" rofi oluc-
MHoro Apyru npeAcraBLITeJ'Irr Ha 6'slrapcrara geficrBure:rHocr. B Ba rlcr{xoJrorl4qecrara rbMHHHa Ha HeroBIt I xapaKTep, e rofiro ce
cnox ,,II:r,pBr{ noprper - 1897 r." KpurlrK'br rII4I]Ie: ,,Ot aHergo- cMecBaT .qBe efroxr{, a Ta3A cMecrTrla paxAa HeJrorr{qHrr r{ rpo3Hr{
Tr{treH repofi Eaii fanro ce e [peB:bpHzl,'I B xtlB TI4Ir, [opa3rrreJlHo ttz6lu4u Ha ,,[uBauII4Ha" u nacvrkle.
cxoAeH c x]llnflAr4 v xunflail v}l!.uBr4E.11, KO]rrO BCeKIT qac BI4XAaMe Ee: ga 6tAar r,r3BeAeHr4 r{a noB:bpxHocrra ra 6e: ga 6sgar $op-
u cpeuraMe". flecet roAI4HIr rlo-K:bcHo, n:sn ,,Btopu loprpe'r", rofi N4ynl4p aHr{ B Tr{[r{qHrrTe Ba3 oB cKH HpaB oyqrrTenHr,r r43peqellI{s., T e3u
ce Bp:brlla K:E M c:r,qara reMa, 3a [a Aon:bnHI4: ,,. . .Eafi f auso He e I{ ruel{ MoxeM Aa oTKpr{eM qpe3 no-BHHMareJrHo BrnexAaHe rr B KHt4-
He Moxe Aa 6tre I4HrlrBruyaneu o6pas. Ha scerl,t orgeneH MoMeHr lara,,Eafr faHbo". 9pe: nonegeHr4ero Ha cBofl rJraBeH repofi Tfl BHy-
Or H9IOBI'IrI XI4BOT aBTOp'bT e [an IIT,nHa ZI]o3IIBHa peanHOCT; HO uraBa, ue 6e,4uocrra Ha MHoro croreruq ce e HarpyntuTa B arr{Hocr
BcgKr4 onrrr Aa o6egunnlr rl4-a MoMeHrv B eIHa BT,3MoxHa il:ugr4Br4- u B xeJIaHI{e 3a ro.rrflMa 14 Jrecua ueua,r6a; nllrcara Ha A:bpxaBHa 14
[ya,,rHa IIcIxLrKa e Harlpa3el]: TqxHaTa c:bBMecTI{MOCT B e[HO nr{Ile IIO.]II4TI4IIECKA A]/rNA - B TI4PAHI4IIHOCT 14 CTPAAT K:I,M BJIACTTA. B TOSU
e Heuro HeB:b3MoxHo tlJrvr 6ra 6ulo ncl4xo.lrorllrlecKI{ fllonstrum]. cMr{c'bJr MoxeM Aa KaxeM, rre KopeHr4Te ua 6afiranboBcKoro rroBe-
3aruoro Eafr fauro s Arexosara KoHllenqu-g e BcI{rIKo, illo I{Ma He- ,r(oFrr.re ca B ucropr.{qecKara ctrryarys. cne4 Ocno6oxAeHr.{ero, B'bB
KpacprBo, rpy6o-eroracrl{rlHo, [o]IHo, 6e3oullueo, npecriblHo I1 He- rrrre3arrHaTa IIpoMflHa Ha coquaJrHoTo flonoxeHlIe, KofTo ce cn] tBa
go6poctnecrHo B HaI[]uI qacreH u o6ulecrneH x[Bor". c Bcrrqrrr 6r:rrapn. 14 ece naK gaxe 6:spsltrara Ha npexola He yc-
[pyr usnecreu 6t:rrapcKt{ KpI{r'}IK, Kofiro sanoqBa Aa rluile ufiBa Aa nopoAlr cr,IIIecrBeHo HoBr4, Heno3Harl4 rleprl4. Tg uo-cxo-
upes 30-re ro,qI{HI4, I4salr MeueKoB, Iro nolo6eu HaqvH orxBT,pJrs l)o lr3ocrpfl crapr4re orpr4uarenHr4 KaLrecrBa r{rr{ rr:bK ge@opnupa
r{HAr.rBrrAyanHoro 3apalu o6rqoro, ell4Hur{Horo 3apaqu rl4lrlrqHoro '
r'pa[r4ur.{oHHo cM-rrraHlr :a go6pu xapaxTep}4crraKrl Ha 6r:rrapcrara
n o6pa:a: ,,Bali fauro MrbuHo ce [o[raBa Ha lrHAl{Blrryutr43at\t4fl' ,r,y[reBHocr, rrpeBp:brrla rr,r B TflxHara napografiHa o6paruocr. O6pa-
3auloro Bc'L,ruHocr rofi Hq[,{a cBofl, pa3JrlrqHa or MacoBara,.]Ilr![Hocr, ll,r Ha 6afi fanro Moxe Aa 6rge npo.lereH rr or r.[eAHara rorrKa Ha
3auloro e B:b3MoxeH caMo B cBoflTa MacoBocr, TrrfllrqHocr, a He B
2
Meureron, I4ean. Arexo Itoscranrilrrou. - B: Cod aa:. Er,,rrapcr<u fiucare]r,
I 9yaoer.rue (nar.). | 989. c. 388.

234 235
o6r.rafi Ho B'b 3nprreMaHl{ Karo no.;l oxLITeJIHI'I qeprl4 B HaIIt{oHaJIHr{fl
xapaKTep ua 6:slrapuHa, caMo rle I43BeAeHI'I ro raraBa rpafitrocr,
Korrro rr{ Kapa Aa [peMI{Har B orpl{uaFlue Ha go6poro y ce6e ctt, s
HCIOB ATA KOMI'ILI HA }INI4 AOP I{ 3 AIUIAUI,ITEJIHO TECTPYKTUBHA I]P OTI'I -
BOnO,.IOX{IIOCT.
Tara nanpIlMep cilecroBHocrra LI rpl{xnl{Bocrra ua go6pru
crorraHr4H, B:s3IUIBaHH B HapoAHoro rBoprlecrBo r{ n rnop6rlre,
Kor4ro My rto,qpaxaear (uaupl{Mep floeMara ,,Kolegapu" ua IIeu-
qo Craeeiixon), :recno rpeMl4HaBar B cxr,flepH]tqecrBo I4 aJlqHocr,
oco6eso roraBa, Koraro AoBqepailrHl{fr crorraHrlH I{3JIe3e I{38-E,H
AoMa r.r rroJrero Ha cBoero pogHo Mflcro. flarpnapxa:ruara 6lugocr
I{ OCTCCTBCHOCT B OTHOIUCHI{flTa MeX[y xopaTa OT eA[Ia KT,Iqa, OT I{,rrccrpaqnlr ua Eopuc Aure,ryureu rtm,Eaii l-aflbo,,, 1963 r.
egraH poA r{Jrr.r MarrKo cenHIIIe 6r,pso 3anoqBar Aa u3rnexAar Karo
HaxaJrcrBo, 6e:napgouuocr u rpy6o tpauu:[rapul4qeHe, norIaAHa!-IIr HO IIle BI{ KaXa, IOCIIOAa, LIe B TO3I{ MOMeHT a3 I{HaK nOIneAHax Ha
Ha HefioAxo[flulo Mrcro. Ynopnrocrra, Tpynorrc6uero, BoJIeBara 6ail f aua; Karo qe nsrofi Mr.r BHyrrrr{: ,,Hegefi [pe3r{pa ro3r4 npoc-
eHeprr4rr n 6op6ara c rexKure o6croqrercrBa - Bce KaqecrBa, He- TurI:bK, ryKaBr.{q-bK, cl(:brrrrrl'bK Heil{acrHr{K, rofi e poN6a ua rpy6ara
o6xoglruu 3a oue;IrBaHe npe3 Tpy,[Hllre roAI4HI{ Ha po6creoro He- cpe4a, rofi e Neprna ua rpy6l.r B:b3nr4.rare,lrr4; 3noro He ce rarr B Hero
oqar(Balro ce flpeBp'bllar s 6e:or.JreAHa xaxAa 3a BJIacr t'I rreqa:r6a, caMufl., a B-bB BJII4flHI'IeTO Ha OKOJIHaTa Cpega".
B Hacr.{Jrr{e 11 XeCTOKOCT. Brnperu qe pr{cyBa HoBr.r reporr c HoBr{ xyAoxecrBeHr.r cpel-
14ueHso cnoco6nocrra Ha cnequrluuHara ront6lrHaql{fl or crBa, B reop6ara sa Alexo KoucranruHoB ce qyBcrBa Herlo or Mo-
flcropilqecKlr l.r o6rrtecreeHu o6croflTe.trcrBa [a s:bsAei{crBa Hera- panzcrr4qHo-rrpocBerr.rre,rrcrrrs rraroc na Er,:rrapcKoro B.b3paxAaHe.
rtrlBHo, ga ge$opvrflpa rpaAL{qIroHHo ao6plr qeprl'{ Ha vlul.MBr La v Ilrpea Lracr 3aBbprrrBa c o6prrqeulre uon6a Kr,M repoq Ha pa3xa3a:
rpynara.onpeAenfl cnoxHocrra B erl4rlecrara oqeHxa ua o6pasa u ,,...Morur rr4 ce, 6afi fauso, n:r.rpafi ce lo-g:s:r6or{Ko B enponeficxux
nopaxga anl6uBareurHocr B orHollleHilero Ha iloBecrByBare,rlq u xtraBOT, llaHo My BI4Ar.rU JII{UeTO, CTL{Ia Tr.1 Ce e HaTpanea:ro ryfi nyc-
irr4rarerf K:bM uero. Bafi fanso npI'IHaAnexI{ KtM oHa3I.I ranepl4r ro oraxu!". Tona e Brpara Ha npocBereHr,lfl IrHTe.[ureHT B cvtrara
or.,,T'bMHu repoz", Kofro ce pa3rpl,ua u 6'slrapcKara nlrrepary- na Nureficxuq ortzr r4 Ha pa3yMHr..rfl npr{Mep. ,,Br.rx4anero" Karo
pa or Kpafl Ha XIX nen; rofr nanouus Bagoeara IrHrepnpera\ilfl HaqI4H na pa:6upaHe, ,,B3trrpaHero" Karo MopanHo npoHmKHoBeHI4e
Ha npeAcraBara ,,T'bMeH" Karo c6,l:scr,r Ha MortrBI{ L{ KaqecrBa B HI,I HaloMHflT no3lluuqra na Ba:oB B crlrxorBopeHl{ero ,,E,uare Hu
HoBor43rpa,[eHl{fl coql4areFl xapal(rep ua 6t,rrapr{Ha cne[ Ocso- Buxrg".
6oNgeuuero. B ll:spna qacr Alexo KoscrauruHoB BCe oqe BrpBa, Lre He-
ANr6nsaJrelrrFroro orHoureHue Ha noBecrByBaren-fl KtM HeroBur roBrllT repofi, qe BclrrrKrr 6aiilaurosqlr n o6rqecrBeHu_fl xr.rBor Ha
repofi c -rcHo AonoBr{Mo n ll:spna rlacr Ha rnop6ara, ,,Baii fanso n: B'urapza 6uxa uor:rn Aa ce flpoMeHflr, rrocraBeHr{ B no-4o6pr.r yc-
Eepona". Tyr u KoMr{qHoro n u:o6paxeHuero KrIoHt{ KT,M ilo-MeKa, JroBrr.fl, qe rrxHara eHepru;r Moxe La 6:nge u:nol3BaHa Karo c:L,3r.r-
no-cr,crpagare,THl4 Soprr,ur, 6e: [a 6r,qe:ruureno AopI{ or cK:roHHocr JIare_[Ha cr4J]a.
rcsu pas6upaHe z c'brlyBcrBlre. B nocleguara, fleoera rJIaBa -,,BaI'i Bsa nropara.qacr Ha KHr{rara ra3ilBflpa ce oKa3Ba Beqe il.rrK)3trr,
fauro n PycuR" - pa3xa3Baq:br eKc[rI{uLITHo pa3c:bx,qaBa B],pxy ONTI,IMIICTI4qHI,ITE HOTKI,I I'I3qE3BAT HA[T,]IHO, TIOTT,M}Ifl BAT AO qCPHO
KopeHr4re ua 6ailrasr,oBcKoro Karo coulrallHo nBJleHI{e 14 B ro3lr Mo- ToHoBere n u:o6paNeHrrero. 3ae4Ho c roBa o6aqe o6pa::r,r sa 6ait
MCHT C:bIIYBCTBI{CTO U3MECTBA IIOLITI,I I{3UflNO I{POHI4flTA I4 X.['bqI"II4'I lanr,o craBa ro-rr,rrr,TeH, no-LlgnocreH, rrof Bfl Ba ce noBecrByBareJl-
xyMop: ,,He 3Hafl, Moxe .IIa Bu ce IroKaxe cMeIIIHo, HeecrecrBeHo, Ha Ir4HLtr, Koqro o6nr,psea BCI{LIKure My npoflB}r, o6e,quurnar ce

236 237
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ce flolll:bpxa xrr3HeHoro paBHoBecrre, a HpaBCTBeHO ilpexr{BrrBaHe,
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o6xg:rr B AoMa ua tr4peuer<, npr{eM:br B ABopeqa...
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repofl craBa 3Har( Ha uflJr rr.il HarlrroHanHa Kynrypa. ,,Ilygocrra,, B
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cTerreH e pe3ynTar oT HecbBlaAaHeTo B rrpelcraBure 3a HopMalr_
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railIuHa, Aaxe Ha JryIocT.
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Brs nropara qacr Ha KHrarara o6pasrr ua 6art lauso 14 Ha HeroB[Te
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rrorrBflBar AorI:bnHIrTe,THLi O6pa3u, B KOI4TO Ce pa3rpbrltaT 14 [erafi- rroJrr,rrlrqecKara BJracr, KoflTo s Er,:rraplu Moxe Aa 6tge ynorpe6esa
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Cnope4 KHurara,,Eali faur,o" 5:slrapcxara geficrBrrreJTHocr,
oco6euo MflcTo B pa3Ka3a 3a 6ail, fasr,o 3aeMaT IIpI{K!'IrcqeHI{flTa o6ce6esa or rloJrutrr4rrecKrrre crpa.crr4 sa BJracr, npeAcTaBnflBa al{:br
Ha rflJroro. B useecreH cM[{c'brII TOBa e KHI'{ra :a 6op6ara Ha [pI4- ua o6rqecreeHrr-a xr.rBor. I4s6opure, npoBei(eHrr cnoper npaBr4nara
poAHoTo Tfl,IIo c:bc 3aKoHI,{Te u o|paHI,lIeHI{flTa Ha olIIITa 3a HeIoBo- ua 6afiraHtoBcKr4re rrpegcraBr{ 3a rrorruT}rxa, ca npelcraeeuu s o6-
TO Arrcqt{rnl{Hl4paHe B O6rlecrBoro. Msoro
qecro, rJraBHO n lllpea pa3r{ Ha crparrrHoro, yxacHoro, Aopr4 ran$epnanHoro3, ueplgKo 3a-
qacr, o6o6ilIeHl{-flTa 3a ,,rpocraull'IHara" Ha repofl ce ocHoBaBar ilMcrBaHl.r or SonruopHr{Te AeMoHoJrorr4qHlr [pellcraBr{. Mscroro,
B:bpxynpeAcTaBI,lTe3apylxeHeFIaBerIeyc,raHoBeHI{TeI]paHflIIII.
_flaeuero Hanpr{Mep za 6afi.lar*,o He e npocro 6nros aKr, HaqI{H ,ua ' Ancroro (or Jra r. ), inferno aA

238 239
a
 or I436I'IparenI4 (foroBara (refi:rerosure or Bropara qacr npeAcraBflr o6pa:a na 6aii fa-
K'bAero ce cr,6r{pa crpaxoBurara urai'iKa
AylKa' Ae- rrbo B'bB B:F,3xo[flrua rpanarlr4fl. feporr, rofiro ce e 3aB:L,pHaJI or
Kp'bqMa B Ilapuan Maxrecfl), e ilpe'D'craBeHo Karo TbMHa
r{epHll [pl{3paul4:.."opAa Eepona B Haqairoro ua llrpna IrJraBa, BCe oure e r{3rpaAeH B xyMo-
noorrr*ru yrpo6a, or Ko-flro ule ce poArr pucrr4rreH nlaH. ,{orr,ruHr{pa aFreKlorldqHoro B o[I,IcaHuero Ha lroBe-
o, ,rrrrrr'r:eeprn", ,,IItrB Ll 6ecrn'atena fpax[a]IcKl{ c'tofi"' Ce- AeHrrero uy, c6:rr,c'srlzTe ce nporBflBar rrIaBHo B HeroBara pev. Bafi
MAHTITIHI4STAKIICH'|EIIOCTABEHBT'PXYXI{BOTI{HCKOTO'I{HCTI{HK'
fauro e Bce orle cpaBHurellHo 6e:o6ugeH rlolrarllqecrlr xaMeJIeoH,
TI4BHO-rl'bpBtr1r{HOTO, TOBa, KOeTO He rloAnexIr
Ha Al{cul4rlnuHr{paHe
caM03BaHeu, qoBeK Ha noMrlo3HoTo cJIoBo floBer{e, oTKoJIKoTo Ha
oT cBerJII4Te IIpaKTI4KI'r Ha coul{aneH xI'rBoT'
lpulpyxeH peanr{oro geficrene, rloJlurlrr Ha AyMLI. Marap qe AyMHTe, cJloBoro
CaNlnqr 6afi famo I(aro I4crl'rHcKI4 rIr'lIKoBoAeu'
o6t'tra:r-r rlo3l{ul{ure' ca Bcr,IuHocr egr.rH or ocHoBHI{Te HaLII4Hu na geficrnne n croxera. B
or cBoure reFleparl{, ronrorB't cpaxeHl{ero, ll:spna rJraBa (,,Eafi fanro ce B:bpHa ot Enpona") clonoro u3pa3flBa
HarnexAa ,,crflurfire'narepfl
soitcKa"' B g:r'16o-
"u 'i6'pu'eJlHara
qr{HaTa Ha roBa rulera(lopuuHo cpaBHeHI'Ie MoxeM [a AonoBI'IM rlapo-
xelraHrrero 3a lreno. L{xrara cnyqKa 6u 6vta HeBb3MoxHa, aKo He
arro(- 6eure uyxgara Aa ce ilI{[Ie Irertllrl4fl,qo MOHapxa; rrMeHFIo peqra Ha
gtti;twut o6pas Ha AflBoJra ['bJIKoBoAeu, Kofrto clopeA HflKo]l
nanctuua' u ra3r4 nerr4rlLrfl fi3pa3frBa KoMr{3Ma B xapaKTepl{Te Ha Ilflnara rpyla
pusrn nol* ntnllruIa or AeMoHIl s 6rrra c ne6ero'
14
rbMHara yrpo6a rcpor.{.
AeHfl Ha ns6oplrre crKarx 3eM'Ira ce orBapfl u npe3
Brn Bropa uraBa, ,,Bafi I'aur,o [paBIr n36opl4", cJloBoro cla-
Iu optrrura rpo6 Ll3cKaqar crpallrHlr a'b3EaHIrI: "o6e3o6pa:enu'
Ha Ba Aeno: c no46pauu uspa3u repoflr yMee Aa Hac:bpr{u noiruzqure
nOAnyXHanI{, C Il3lI'bKHaIII'1' I(:bpBflCaIfiI OqU"'
Ct'C CBI{pelOCT
cr4 Karo ,,HaloreoH npell{ Aycrepnlrq", .4a pa3[arl{ y r;lx xecro-
rhuara, c npecr:bnHl{ KoHByncI4I4 B ABIlxeHuflTa" ' tr4:6opulur 4eu Kocr I{ HacrbpBel{[e. Hoeoc:bsAaAeHoro ,,Br,3BaHue" He e HI4ilIo
ce oKa3Ba BHyureH raro I'l:-6paHllfl AeH I{a e[Ho
napo4ltfiuo Bropo
. rlpl4[IecTBr{e, B Koero xllBl{ I{ M:bpTBU, rpeIxHI{ I{ npaBeAHI{
ce cMec- Ipyro ocBeH cJroBoro Karo cl4Mynauufl Ha ceo6otrHo rpaxAaucKo
geficrnue, qpe3 Hero ce npor43BexAa ,,peaJrHocrra" Ha 700 I43MI4c-
Bar, 3a Aa,[oqaKar BlpxonHu-a c-sg'
reMara 3a "rtenra u:6lrpareJrr,r. B Tpera ulaBa, ,,Eafi f aur,o xypHaJll4cr", repo-flT
OcuosHa e rnop6ara na A:rero- KoHcraHrl{HoB e
o3af:raB-flBa raKa e crar{&fr caMoro crloBo: roil e pegarrop cronaHr{H Ha BecrHuK,,Ha-
rrpeBpalqeHl{flTa (uecnyuaiiuo Ir BoqH fleuee
.;;r;u 6ait' lanr")' fepolr Ha Ho- poAHo BeIfiiqr4e".
cryJtl4f - ,,flpeepauleltrflraua B 3aB'bplleH Orryrc Hararr,K 6afi faHro HaI{crI{Ha IIle ,,crolaHt4cBa" IoMa Ha
Boro BpeMe ue! ce paNga orBeAH'bx, He ce rlorB-tBa rroJrr{'ru{qecru crparxHoro n 6tmapcxara geficral{re:rHocr. xyMopr,T
sr.rl. Tofi e npol{3Be[eH or ilpoMeHrlTe B coullilnHo-I4cropuqecKa-
yManeH OlneEaneH IIOCTCIICHHO il3qe3Ba B IIpOTIBI{ Ha 3aIIiIatm'ITeJIHOTO, Ha T:L'MHaTa
Ta' cl4Tyaq[fl ; ]{eroBoro pa3Bllr}le [peAcraBnJ{Ba
n 6:slrapcroro o6ulecrno' fllpnara FrpaBcrBeFrocr. C:roso u gefrcreue ca ce cnenl{ B eIIHo, KaKro no
o6pur'ua uo-o6ru, npo,1".' npeMero ua Eoren, Ha peBonroql{oHepl4re xypHa-rll{crll or E'r:rrap-
qacT BCe orle ocraBfl gllTaTeJII Aa faAae 3a coqrriljll{I',If rlpol{3xoA
croro B:b3pax,qaHe. Honoro BpeMe I43Be,[H:bx ce oKa3Ra ocMlrcneHo
ua6aiirarrsoBcKoTo,AanoAo3l4paMopanHI,ITeIIpIILII{HI{3aHe]-oBaTa
Karo napogr4fl Ha Be.lrfirrr4ero r 6t:rra.pcrara I{cropLIJr; flpaKTurlec-
lroqBa, Aa npe[yceua nocoKariHa 6:sleuara My KynMuHauI'{'I' Bro-
nurr repoii orpuqa ayxa14 cMr4c:blra Ha repourlHolo tloBegeuue, tofi
para qacr o6aqe Beqe l43plrqa lrnu flpeBpr'ilIa B c]oxerHo [er{crBr{e
uHTyl{UuL{' B paSrOsOpI'ITe MeX- rlpeBphura peRonloul{flTa B ,,croflaHcrBo" Ha rL{tIHI4Te r{HTepecu.
BCT4LIKI{ qLIrareJICKu noAo3peHl4-fl I{
yy 6afi f anso 14 lleroBara KoMrlaHI{'I craBa 'lceH [poI{3xoL:L'T Ha +++
BpeMe sa Oc-
6tratcreoro nu (cra4a I{ Bo,[eHl'rqu, :arpa6elll4 rlor{yxAI'IJI
KtM cRfr e
so6ognre:ruara eotina). Tyx mo6oilllrcrBoro
3a[or{Ba [a Oco6eno Mrrcro B TBoprrecrBoro Ha A,rexo KoHcrasrlrHoB 3aeMa
yroneHo I{ ,,rpaKTflrlecKl4llT tleroReK" Ha HoBoro BpeMe
rflei.r:rerouuuflT uaxb.rr ,,Pa3Hu xopa, pa3Hrr r411earll". [o .lnrare;r-
,r.pr*gu csofi cs-sr B rpaHl{ul'Ire ua 6urapcKoro npocrpaHcrBo' c,rara ny6:rrrKa ca [ocrr{rHaJll{ rlerl{pu reKcla, oderulrreulr or o6qo
'tarJraBr{e, Ho rrgeflTa sa A:rexo KoHcraHrnnos e 6ura fio-cnoxHa
a
3nepcru (or lrar.), bestia - 3Rtlp' ruBo xl'JBorHo'
241
240 ,
 no-[:bn6oxo o6MucneHa. B caMl{f Kpai{ Ha 1896 r. rofi peml{Jl Aa
14 oxuBe-rrr B r{xHara. co6crseHa peq e cpeA :aait-cwttwure crpaHr4 Ha
Harpyla lrr,n:br LII{K:bJr, rofiro Aa cr:ro6ssa !tpe3 orAenI{[I o6pa:N xyMopr{cra Arexo. Ilenpeueuno 'rpl6na [a :a6e:rexr{M HeroBoro
eJreMeHTlt IIeJIO CTTa Ha Kaprl{Ha, p a 3KpI{B atua T:bM FII{Te HpaBCTB eHI4 apTr4cTflqHo yMeHrre Ia ce flpeB:bnnbilIaBa B pa3lr4rrHr4 xapaKTepr.r 11
crpaHu Ha HeroBara cou[IaJIHa [eitcrslrremocl. Or,4eJlHl4le repou lla roBop[r orBT,Tpe Ha TflxHaTa frcr{xr4Ka"
e rpx6na:ro Aa pa3rrrpaBar or;1eJlHtr ponl{ Ha 3Jloro, Ha IIpaBcrBeHI4-r fepoar, xofiro ce caMoflpegcraBfl BT.B BTopr{a Sefilerou, neue
ynaIIr,K croeo6pa3Ha KoMeALIfl Ha yna.[:bKa B qoBel]rKl'Ire HpaBIl.
- He e Hlrro rtaJI:t,K, uuro gpe6eu (n cunct,ra Ma,tbrc u He3wqume-
3avluc:sJr:ET 3a[osBa Aa craBa peanHocr B Haqiuloro Ha cnegl]a- teru). 3a ga pa:6epeM gyMr4re uy, lpx6na Aa r4MaMe rpeABur Hq-
rlara, 1897 r., Koraro nL,pBI{re rpu rfefitreroHa ce IrorBJIBar B rpll or 90-'re rogvHra. Cleg tralaHelo
Kor4 floJrrrrr{qecxfl o6croq"re"[crBa
nopeAHr4 ceAMl{qrr Karo rro[nrcrHl{Ilu Ha BecrHuK 3rua-ue, [ollm{- ua Crau6o:roB rpe3 1894 r. Hapo4noro cr6paHue B3eMa peilreHr{e
caHr{ c ne.re o6uqafiuas nces.uounu II{acr,'IHBeu. C,reA roea - ilo Aa 6t,4ar pa3r(prrrr.{ [orr.rr].rqecKfiT'e npecr:bfureFrurr, r.r3Bl,prxeHu rro
Her.r3BecrHrr IIpIIlIuHu - A:rexo cflilpa [a flolllbnl]a uI{KbJIa, rlo He BpeMe r{a HeroBoro yflpaBneHre, u La 6tAar }{ara3aHrr BuHoBHr.{urr-
CT,BCOM, 3aUIOTO MeXAy pTTKOIII{CI4T€ CneA CM:bpTTa My e O'I'KpI'{r }1 Te 3a rrx. C-r,:gana ce [apnaMeHTapHa KoMr{cr4fl, Ko-flro o6t4xartr t4s
rlerBbprurlr $efilelou. B rpafiua cMerxa e ocraHa;Ia MaJIKa nopr- usnara crpar{a r.r HaTpylBa crorlrql4 flarrKrl c AoKyMeHTiLirH]r cBr.r-
perna ranepl4Jl (unu rouegrax) ua r:EMHI{ repol4, cneqrSlt'lurl 3a flo- AereJrcrRa. r{ac'r or BlruoBFrrrqure 3a Hacr{nfiero 6usar oc'r,genrz. I]
rruruqecxara o6craHosKa B Kpafl r-ra XIX eex. Kpar Ha 1896 r. o6aqe rtax Hapoguoro cl6panue nog AaBneHtre
Ilrpnuar floprper I'I3r,'IexAa c:r,3[aAeH rlo roro]IeBCKIT Ma]I[ep Ha MrrHucr:bp-npe4ceAarer-fl KosclaHruu Crouros 14 rro BHyue-
(u n rona HJrMa Hr,rilIo LIyAHo, 3auloro foron e cpeA mobuurare ilvca' HLIe Ha CAv'LInI oep,qnUaUl - B3eMa peflreHr.re Ia aMHrrorrrpa Bcr.rrrKu
TeJrrr 3a [pl4Mep Ha Arero Koscranru]IoB oure or BpeMero I{a Hello- IloJrurfiqecKH npecT:1,IIHr4rlr.r, t4:]npaTeHu B 3arBopa npe3 nepr4olla
Boro yqeHl{e a Pycur). @efi:rerou'sr e cMeLUHa, Ho 14 MalrKO r:bxHa 1883 1894 roAr,{Ha. He uoxe ila uMa cTrMHeHrre, qe 'roBa peue-
rporecra ua gpe6uTa qoBeK c HeroB[Te av6vtJt'ttt, MaFITa,III{Ter I{ Hue o 6larolerencrB a rrMeHHo 3 arB op eHr4r e 3ap ap4rr n pecr:bnneHr.rfl
HaBr4ur4 Ha [oBgleHIae. Xnreilcrltre I{enI{ Ha floMou(Hl{K-perrrcrpa- rlo BpeMero ua Crarra6o,ron (gpyrnre roJlr{TrrqecKr4 3arBopHr4rlr4 ca
ropa (ga ,,I43Ttr1Ka" perl4crparopa vrfi4 rloHe [a nprqoblre 3B'bHeII Ha 6ra-rru se.{e ocso6ogeuu).
'IoqHo raKE B uon o ocso 6oAeH 3 apaA tr aumrte'tvlrra npecrl,rrHr4x
6ioporo..cr.r,3a aa ce qyBcrBa no-naNeu) Moxe Aa 6:rgar xapaKre-
pr43r4paHll KaTO'KOMI4 qHI4, Te np eAI43BI{KB ar ycMuBKa Ha c'bxtLII eFI[e. e repoflr Ha Seir:rerosa. Tofl He npr4rexaBa xapaxrept4crt4ntr,Kor{ro
floxsarr4re, c Kolrro ca npecneAsaHfi o6aqe, fipeKparlBar fpaHl4uara 6nxa uror,ru Aa ro npr4qvclflT K:bM HflKaKBa KoHKperHa upoSeczl,
K:L,M rpo3Horo u or6.;rt,cKBaxloro. Bb:lpacr lrJrr.r rpyrra or xopa. Herosu eluHcrBeHr{ xaparrepucrrarr.r
I{a:rocrnoro BHyIIIeHITe ocraBa orBopeHo K:bM eAHa BT,3MoxHa ca xec'roKocrra r{ neMo}rc'rpartrBrrara 6e:crpynylnocr. il:slsara
nepcrreKrl{Ba, oqepraHa B [yMI{Te Ha cavtr4fr repofi: ,,llogneq nlrl? JrlrilreHocr or ,,B:bHlIHr4" KaqecrBa HaBqprro uua 3a IIeJI Aa BHylttlt
Apxlruo4rell rlr craBan aa re6e, 5pafiHo, aMa Ae oHfl l(:scMetl". rlbJrHara ruplrcnoco6r{Mocr r{a ro3v rr4n xopa KtM BCflKaKBn rronr4-
llongr,rruar Ha rrp:bcrl{, 3a ,[a locrl{rHe cBolrre av6ngnu, MarKrlqr Tr*recKr{ o6croqrerc'rBa, B Kor{ro eAHo [n[r /{pyro ilpaBrdreJrcrBo
soBeK rlpecraBa Aa 6:sAe Ape6eu u He3Haqure:reu; lofi ce npeBp:bu{a r{Ma Hyxla or rflx, 3a Aa rrorrlcna ceo6ogara Ha Mr.rc:bnra n [a yn-
B errllToM Ha caMara pa3BanaB couI4aJrHI{Te I{paBI4. Bc-nra cnelBaxla pax(HsBa B,raclra c 6e:orroBopr{ocr npel 3aKoHr.rre Ha AT,pxaBara.
KpaqKa 6rz uorla Ia ro TnacHe KT,M rIOBeAeHIreTo, TIrfJtr'IqHo 3a fe- Kaxro HeABycMr{cneHo fl3prrqa caMurrr repofi:
por{Te or 6afirassoBcKl{ rr{[.
Bropra-ar $efr:reroH (xarro u rperurr, u qacr or uerntprlrr) Herca uy.uuc,tflm oLntn, KoLtmo ?u mbmpuxa no yuac-
c'brqo raKa e HarII4caH n-sa Soprutara Ha MoHo:ror. I4guexga, qe ue- malum.e, Koutlto eHuxa us nodseaertunma 6es cad, 6es npu-
nr4-flT rl;4K:br e 6n:r :anucJleH Ha ro3l{ npHHuI4I]: Karo cepl4rl or I{3Iro- coda, xoumo cn.flxa Ha zo,,nt docrcu, nped ouume Ha Kounlo
Be,urr, B KOITTO repol{Te ce cal\doxapaKTepr{3l{paT rI caMorlpelcraBfT deue-uott4e cmbplterue ulutcbm rn eoimwrca u ca1sma ua
Ha rrr4rarerure. BnpoueM cloco6Hocrra ra Harapa repol4re cv ra t*'oudapuu. Kuumu 6"qxa nttot'Kuuu t)u c( cKLunom u7 pa7-

242 243
d
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Hu Kpa.ulLia. Ha Ebteapun, rcoun'to 6sxa us,vtoueHu, u3mesa- Mna[i.rrrr 6rlrapcxu [HTeJIureHr r4aeanvcr B orlo3r{Irl{r Ha TIoJII{-
6AHU, pA3OpeHU' OnpOnACmeHU. Hetdl rWy tt4Ucrlflm OHU.fl, HA TlIqCCKATA BJIACT.
KOUWO qO"XOAUHA.mA Om ilCUAOmA IIUHA 6 HenpercbcH0mLt O6ulu-ar xoHrlerlrytu-leH 3aMLIc:bJr Har{erupure $eiinerou a, arr Ha
np ecJxed 6 aHun u yHuilc eHun... rreJrr4fl HeroB:bpr[eH ur{K:b]r, e r{3pa3eH oco6euo rcHo B 3aulaBrlero
,,Pa3Hu xopa, pa3Hrt figeaJtt4". Tyr ncrxa AyMa I4Ma :uaueHue, mfi
C:reg upaunoro nocJlaHlre Ha Bropl{q $efinerou rperl4;Ir cflKau Karo Hoclr r{acr or cr{MBoJrr{qHu-fl cMuc:br Ha Il-rlnara Spasa. Herqo
3By{u [o-3a6aBHo rr xyMopl4crllr{Ho. Ilpel Hac e o6pa3r,r Ha Iro.]r[- rloBelre BcfKa AyMa e I43tlo.lr3BaHa B I4poHI'IqeH IUIaH, rfl pa3Kplt-
TT4KaHCTBaUIU.fl nCeBAO[arprrOT, KofiTo ce crpeMfi KT,M HaIII{OHa,I- ea, xprzefirr{, HqKaKBo flporr4BorronoxHo 3Haqelrl4e. TaKa,,pa3HI4",
Ho o6eAr{Her{ue eguHcrBeHo 3apaIrl o6narvre or npl4goS]lBaHero ynorpe6eua ABa rr:brr4, rIoAcKa3Ba rlMeHHo rlplrnl{Kara rraeN.qy $efi-
Ha HoBr{ 3eMr{. Ooxyc:br Ha r43o6nurreHuero ryK e HacoqeH KT,M r'IeroHHI4Te ,,XOpa" I{ TeXHI4Te ,,Vrgeallll". Maxap LIe Ha [pr,B rlorneA
B:bHruHara rroJlrrrr4xa ua @epguuarl\ rr Ha rlocnyIuHoro HeMy rlpa- r43rrexAar pa3nr{qHr4 (,,pa3uu"), repol{Te MHoro cu flpfirl4alar no
Br{reJrcrBo. Bnecro .qa [oeMe rB:bpg Kypc K:bM ocno6oxganaHe Ha HpaBcrBeHrr KaqecrBa rr orHorrreHl4e K:bM o6rqecrneHara geficrwr-
ocraHarr{Te n Typcrara HMrepr.rJr MaKe[oHcKI,I :euu, 6:s:rapcxara TE]IHOCT.

AT,pxaBa rroAgbpxa rrrflJroMarruecrr.r Snr,lpr c:bc cynraHa, IroJlyqa- Te 6escnopHo ca,,xopa", Ho reKcroBere pasxole6anar I{MeHHo
BA]1lilABA rrolapr,Ur{ B 3HaK Ua gO6pONeJIareJICTBO, t{ BCUqKO TOBa lpelcraBara 3a qoBeuxocr (pa:6paHa Karo .lonequua) B rrxHoro
B'bpxy $oua ua 6yuronuoro rroBe,[eHlre, Koero ca npeArpue:ru ftp- rroBegeHlre. ,,I4gearfiTe" uu Hafi-cerHe ca rollHo nporl{BonoJroxHo-
\ufl, tr Ct p6ut. Hera ga ne sa6panxMe, ue ro crbrlloro BpeMe A:rexo To Ha crpeMex Aa ce orcroflBa HflKaKBa BVcoKa uAeq. Te3u ,,raAe-
KoncranruHoB e qireH Ha B:spxonuun MaKeAoHcKLI Ko\4I{Ter I{ oc- am4" ca Bc:bxrHocr aHTl{rrgeanu rotlHo raxa, KaKTo I4 ,,xopara" B qI4-
no6orrgeuuero Ha Maregoulrr e He caMo HaqIroHaJIHa, Ho I{ HeroBa K:L,ra ca flo-cxopo aHTr{xopa, qoBeu[, Kor{To ca usry6ultt cuutcrra
Jrr{qHa Kay3a. . Ha qoBerrrxoro crrope[ poMaHTI4r{HXTe BT,3rneAu ua A:rero.
Llererprru,r (rieny6:rrryBaH npr{xr{Be, a Kaxro lr3rrlexAa, rr He- B ,,Pa3ult xopa, pa3Hrr :r.geart4",3a pa3nl{Ka or ocraHiuture Sefi-
:an:sprueu) rfi:fi:rerou e nocBereH na Hafiqo laHon, aABoKar B'bB neroHl4 ua A:rexo, ny6:ruqucu4qHara no3I{III4r Ha pa3ra3Barla He e
BuguH Il 6:r[s:bK rrprlflren Ha A:rexo. Tofi ulr BpbIrIa K:r,rr,r 6urosa- rrpflKo r.{3pa3ena. Tx e roglrpaHa Ha pa3nI{qulz paBHI4rIa: B rI{III'I-
ra o6cranoBKa- r{ HpaBcrBeHoro rIoBeAeHI4e Ha 6'r,:rrapcxrax rIoBeK. 3r4panr.{Te xapaKrepr4 Ha reporrre, n cnequQuqHure oco6enocru sa
Hanucan BT,B Br{A ua pa3rosop rueNqy quqo u rrJreMeHHI4K, TeKcr:br TqxHara peq, B yuorpe6ara Ha carupv-uHl{ IroxBarrr, B cI{MBoJII{Kara
HarroMrur ,,KHura sa 6nmapcru-a uapog" or CroqH Mnxafiroscxu lr Ha 3arraBrrero, KaKro BVA-flxMe. Tona uscl6qo ca uafi-xy.qoxecrBe-
npoctseueHcKr{s rr4rr [[iuro3rr, B Korrro ce npeflnl,ITar rJlacoBere Ha Hnre $efineroHrr, c:b3AaAeHrr B KparKL{JI TBopqecKu rr:br Ha A:rexo
eAr{H 3Haeu 14 eAilH He3HaeIq (raru lua11, HeontmeH) repofi. 9r.rqo- KoucranrrzHon. MoxeM caMo Aa flpeArlonoxl{M, se B rlo-Hararbrrl-
To - ToBa e ,,KporKrrfr*' 6ypxoa ecua$, gl4ero xrareficxo Kpego ce HOTO Cr.r pa3Br4Tr{e rulCaTeJr-rIT e MO)I(eI Aa nocTl4fHe olqe ro-I4HTe-
r.r3pa3sBa n 6e:pa::ruqrre K:L,M o6ulecrneuure upo6:reM!I, c:bqeraHo pecHr4 Lr Herro3Harr4 B Kpa.fl ua XIX n. $opuu Ha xyAoxecreena ny6-
c'bc crpacr [o JrrrqHo o6larogere]rcrBaHe I4 c noKopcrBo rlpeg cl4n- nI{III4CT'}rKa.
HilTC HA ACH'I.
Illelreuulm:br, or [pyra crpa]ra, [pIrHaAnexLI K:bM Manra-
ra rpyfla or HenoKopHr4 M:ralu xopa, Kor{ro (ece oqe) B.tpBar B
cno6ogara Ha cJroBoro Ir cBo6oglrara BoJIq Ha Jll4qHocrra, 6oplr
ce cpeuy 3JrrrHr{re B coul4anHoro yupaBneHue v ce onLITBar Aa
,,orpaB,flT cBera". Tyr, xaxro I{ B:bB BTopIlfl Sefilerou, B:bpxy
HefarzBa ria oTpr4rlaTelrHr{fl rrepcoHax ce oTKpoflBaT KoHTypI4Te
ua e4ua $arypa, c Koqro ce rageHru$vr\upa caMLIflr pa3Ka3Bar{:
244
 [H'fr4qecKoro flpocrpaHcrBo 14 TaM, Karo B ofJleAano, ycrrflBa Aa
trbTyBAIuI4flT TIOBEK nr.rl1r4 orpa3eHr4 qeprr,rre Ha cBoero o6qecrno I4 Ha cBofl xaparTep.
('an4ra-flr Arexo e rr,rnzrreH Kynrypeu repofi Ha cBoero rperrae. He
B TBOPqECTBOTO cilMo c rBoptlecrBoro, Ho rr c xlrBora cIz rofi pl3pa3flBa crpacrra
HA AJIEKO KOHCTAHTI{HOB no ABr4xeHr{e r4 npoMJrua, rro6oul4TcrBoro, Heo6xograrrnocrra or
CpaBHrBaHe r4 caMooueHxa Ha cregocno6ox4eHcKl,If 6tnrapru.
l(oraro BeAHbx B [oMa aa llnyut Illrrunaauosa nay noquactfi la
u()rrr,JlHr{ an6yru c pa3nnrlHr4 B:bnpocrr, Ha B:b[poca ,,Ko-r e ruo6u-
[4ATa Br4 rltUpra3ua?" oTroBapfl: ,,Mupra3rvrata Ha rlapaxo,qplTe Lr xe-
rrr.:3uuqlrreo', a Karo uafi-xybarurl MoMeHT B xl{Bora clr oilpeIeJUI
r:rloero rrbrerrrecrBr{e Ao Auepura (saelrro c Mrrra, n rofiro nay e
x pyMHana r4Aer{Ta za,,Eait launo").
Euxlae Mor:IH [a KaxeM, rre IrMeHHo B [:bryBaHero ce paxla
Kpafl HaXIX e. nr,TyBaHero crar,a eru6:reua Ha cor[4aJTHo-krc- nfioareJlrrr A:rero KoucranrraHoB, I/urr4 nafi-uanxoro ce paxAa Ir3-
TopI,rqecKI4Te rlpoMeHr,r, Kor,ITo ca Hacr:brru:ru n E:slraplrfl cneA rlccruocrra Ha rrurca;TelLfl, Arero KoHcraurranoB, 3a Ia He 6:rgerra
Ocno6oxgeHr.rero. [a ce pasrnapff rpaHrrqrrre Ha enHo rpagmlr4oH- iloc[paBe[nr4Blr K:bM HeroBilTe [ocrIDKeHI4-rI Karo npeBoaaq v caru-
Ho 3arBopeHo, rrpoBrrHurrirnHo o6ulecrno, Aa ce rbpcrrr HoBr4 Tepll- l)uqen noer. [-p Kprcren, cBlrAeren Ha cn) {Balrloro ce, or6erssna:
roprrr4 Ha KynrypHr4s r4Hrepec, [a ce 3aBoroBar fia3apfi... - BcrarrKo ,,( )r{osa c's6vrue, Koero AeJrr,r ManKo Ir3BecrHrlfl npeBo[arl or Bce-
roBa rrpeBpr,ua rfbryBarr1u.fl qoBex n repofi Ha HoBoro BpeMe, Br,B rlrlecrHr,rq 6ererpucr, e rr:brellrecrBlrero Ha A:rera s Hoelar cBnroo.
$^ypa, Koqro [o pa3rr4qHvrHuMnt4B:br]JrbrrlaBa xeJraHilero 14 cno- [4 o.neA ToEa ce oIII4TBa Ia o6scHu rrcuxoJlorl4lrecKlrre rIpI4rII,IHI,I Ha
co6socrra sa rrpoMJrHa B cneAB:b3poxAeHcKoro o6qecreo. nooqaKBauara [poMrrHa: ,,Tan gyrua ce e HyxAaeJra or lpaHMo3HI,I
flpxr pe:ynrar or re3r4 qporleclr e pa3Br.rrr4ero Ha rrbrerrr4cHr.rr{ ru rer{arJleHprfl, or MorqHr.r ra 4u6oru c:brpeceHr4Jr , ga La ce pa3TBopI,I,

xaup. Hamure [oerr{ r4 rurcareJrrl o6ura"nsr cBera, 3a [a ro ilpeor- 'm /la r43Jre3e or ce6e cz" (Kp:r,cren, flrpnra uoprper, 165).
Kpr4Jrr, sa ga bugx:r B Hero roBa, Koero rqe uM rroMorHe ga pas6epar
cB oero, pogHoro, cpe[ [o-pa3Br4TraTe rr]rr[ra Kynrypr4. Il:srynaHero Mrroro or rr:brelr4cr4Te Ira Arero KoucraurzHoB, BKJIIoqI,ITeJTHo
nopax4a - r4 B ct,qoro BpeMe cau6 ce ropaxna or - uorpe6Hocrra ,,/[o t{uxaro uHa3ag", Hocqr HenpereHur4o3Horo xaqpoBo caMoHa-
3a c:brrocTaBKa, 3a cpaBHflBaHe Ha AoMarrrHr4Te rIeHHocTr4 c BrbHrrrHllfl 'rollaBaHe ,,rrBTHI/t 6erexKl4". Ouenuguo e, qe qpeAcTaP,ata 3a nbry-
ceqr. To e Haqr4H 3a HarlLroHiurHa caMorTneurn$unaqnr, 3a caMopag- rlirnero orrpeleJr{ r{ rroBecrByBareJruara crpyrTypa Ha re3I,I rnop6u:
lupaue rr caMoor[cBaHe ua 6rmapcKr4Jr rroBeK. B c:rrqoro BpeMe lc ce pa3rpblllaT BT,B BpeMerO C IIOCneAoBareJIHocTTa Ha BI4xAaHe-
14 rrocrerreHHo Harrrero KynrypHo cr,3Har{ue cu n:pa6orBa r,r eIr4H 'r'o, 'rexHr4-rrr croxer ce orrpeAem or xoga Ha cr6lrrusra, KolITo ce
o6q, ynmepcaJreH MoAen 3a roBa, rlo e Aa 6rgeru pa3Brrr r.{ u[Br,r- (:JlyqBar c n:bryBalqurl repofi. Or woro foirflMo 3HatleHue ce oKa3-
nrBoBaH; B Hero, Ber{e no o6pareu n:br, To rloJlara cBoero MI4HtuIO, nirr cpegcrBa"ta 3a rrbqrBaHe: [apaxoAl,I, $afirouu, BJIaKoBe... Tgx-
KaKTo r,r [epc[erTr,rBrrre sa 6:bleuero na 6urapcKrrrr Hapo4. nrrra cileurrtpura e B rflcHa Bpb3ra c:bc creneHra Ha uI4BrInI,I3arII4JI
O6pasure Ha rrr,ryBarqr4s r{oBex 3aeMar rleHrpanHo Mflcro B il ilocereHoro MrIcTo, a pl4TrbMrbr Ha ABTDKeHI{e c BcgKo oT Tflx cbB-
rBoprrecrBoro Ha Arero Koucralrrunoe. fleere Hafi-suaqu]ala iliula c pr.{rbMa Ha xr,rBoTa rarrr. B Arraepura Hanpl{Mep [peBo3Hr{re
rnop6n Ha nucareJrt - ,,Bait faHbo" u ,,Ao guraro Lt Ha3ag" - (:pcAcrBa qcHo r43pa3.rrBar Ar,rHaMuKaTa ua Honus cnxr: ,gyfr 6qcuo
rrorlTrr r43rlsno ca r43rpaIeHu BT,pxy TeMaTa 3a ABr4xeHr{eTo, 3a Jlrlr4xeHr4e Ha xeJIe3HI4uI{, Ha napaxoAr4, Ha TpaMBiII,I, c acaHcbop[",
cperuara Ha AoMarrrHr4re Tpa[uurur c qyxAr4_fl cBflr, 3a IIepr4IIeTHr4- t(()eTo Jrofr4![Ho r43Bex,ua [oBecTByBareJIrI Ao rr3BecTHoTo 3aKrroqe-
re Ha ra3u cpeqa. Ermapunrr rrornexga B Apyrocrra Ha reorro- nle: ,,8, aMI4 Kora uIe xilseeM?".

246 247
 Brartr r ,,Eafr faHbo" Moxe Aa 6'sAc HapeAeH cpe.q repol{re Ha rrpeA }roBoro r[I cr]JroT'fBa, npaBu il.r Hepa3AenHr.l ro BpeMe Ha qfl-
noBecrByBaHlrero. Kanro sa,s Ba:osufl pa3Ka3 ,,Aqlo I4oqo uega", roro [:breuecrBrle. Tpnuara 6's:rrapn (norecreyeareJr_rrr, Crulaper
rOff CUNngOIl43Lrpa [pe]IOMa B HaIIIIOH2I!'IHaTa IICLIXI4Ka, OTAaJeqa- r{ Aorffop:br), ronro xoArrr HaBcqK:r,Ae 3aegHo, ca eIIHa nra,rna B,sn-
BalIeTo oT MuHaJToTo, xeJIaHIIeTO 14 cnoco6uocrra :a npoiueun. c tapvfl B rryxAr4rr cuxr. HeclyqafiHo roBopetur4flr r{3rro.rr3Ba roJt(oBa
qecTo MecTor.{MeHt{fl rr rJrafojrrr B I1'bpBo nuqe eAi.{HCTBerro qr{cJro.
oco6en aKIeHr rpr6ea ua 6tge orr(poeH rlapaxoAl,r, xofiro lpeHa-
c.ri n:L,THrrr{r{re or Eepona s Hosu, KoHTI{HeH'r c11ope[ c]oxera Ha [oAo6no e rroJroxeHtrero r.r B ,,Eaii laHto". Er,lrapcxr{Te cry,{eHTt{
rr:brefirTca ,,,II,o r{uxaro u Ha3ago'. Tofi rraoxe .qa ce pa3rnex/ra Karo n uyN6uHa, He3aBrrcrlMo qe ca 4o6pe B:b3rrr.rraHu rr 3Harrr rry)KAn
yManeH Mogen Ha Crapllfl cBrtr, B I-lero lue cpeurHeM' ct6pauu ua e3rrur{, Br4Haru ce crpeMflr ga 6r,4ar 3aeAHo, ABr{xar ce e eA}ra o6qa
eAHoMfCToI{oIpaHI4I{e}IuB.bBBpeMeTo,Ttr{III{LIHI{IIpeACTaBI4Tenu rpyna. Eait ['aur,cl caM r:bpcr4 KoMlaHr4rra Ha ,,c:boreuecrBeHuqu",
Ha uafl-pa:.11r{qHr4 enponeficru Hapo[r{: Mr{JraTa rloJrcKa MoHaxIIHf a rrEK aKo He fr4 HaMeprl orcflAa B TypcKr4, rpT,rlKt{ r{.lrr.r apMeH-
CeCTpa K1euraUg, ,,CBII1aTa EaCKanCKa StlrypXa" Ha IICIIaHCI(U51 ripo- cnu ra$euera. HeroBrlTe BKycoBe B.b3npou3Bexuar cou[a]rHo-er-
,,Ifln congarl{H B III{BI{JIHIr npexl4", BecenH'I MnaA liuqecKr4fl c'bcraB Ha rpagr4rIlroHHoro 6tmapcro o6rqecrno. OcseH
Kypop, HeMeqa - qyBcTBoTo Ha Hec[rypHocT, xapaKrepHo 3a
qoBex or flapux... AoBqepa 3aTBopeHr.rq
LIOBOK, TOBa Ce BT,3B:bpHe pOUHOTO B r{yXILUI CB_IIT,
Ha cauoro [T,Tet[ecrBl4e c Kopa6 [pe3 Ar]IaHTuqecrlrfl oKeaH e XOJIaHI4OTO Ia
e oT[eneHo roJIflMo I{ BaxHo MfcTo AopI'{ B KOJIUqeCTBeHo oT- .44 ce rroTT,pcr.r cr4rypHocTTa Ha e[uH r.rHTr4Mr{o rro3Har coulraneH
HorrreHr{e, rrfi xaro lleroBoro orrucague o6xeaua elrHa Aecera MOAen.
qacr or ueruq IITrTelIrc. B roBa BHI{MaHI{e MoxeM Aa [porreTeM Apyra r{HrepecHa rrocoxa Ha pa3c:bxAeuue 6u Hi{ npelroxun
SIIMBOJTI{![SH CM1IC:L,II, CB:bp3aH c TpaAl{ul{ure Ha I{3O6paxeHI{e B B:bilpoc:br KaK rr:bryBaHero pa3KpNaa A,leKo rroBecrtsyBareJrfl Karo
6's:rrapcrara Jlr{reparypa. Orqe B rloe3flrra Ha EoreB BI{xlaMe, Tr.rilr.FreH npeAcraBr.rre:r ua 6r,nrapcxara r4r{reJrr4reHqr{fl or Kpafl Ha
qe BT,3pOX[eHCKI'Ifl T 6:s-urap r'ru Hau-necHo e cBT,p3ts an ilpeMI{HaB a- XIX e. c He3arJrbxHarrr{re B'b3poxAeHctlz.upleanv* Ho B c:brqoro
rrero Ha rpaHl4llaTa, KoflTO pa3[enfl cBoJl or tlyxAus cB-flT, C lrpe- BpeMe 14 c HfKOr{ XapaKrepHrr ofpaHr4r{eHr4fl Ha 3arBopeHr,t_fl rraTpr4-
KocqBaHe'r'o Ha peKa fiyuan. Ba:osure x:blrloBe c-blqo obfiqar na apxaneH 6r.rr. Tosa e 3a6enJr3an oue EoflH fleuen, xoiiro nr4rrre B
cror{r 4paii 6pera Ha peKaTa I4 [a Meqra,Ir' 3a poAl{Hara, KOflro ce craruqra,,flpeeparqeHrrrrra ua 6afi f aHq" :,,Carnr Alero, HarrprrMep
flpocrr.rpa orBT,A. Ilpelrr.tnaeaHero npe3 BOAa, u ro Haia-fo]rsMara B ,,Ao r{lrnaro I4 Ha3arl", HeBolIHo, Hec:b3HareJIHo, MHofo [o-I]:b.rr-
Ha3eMqTaBoAaTaHaoKeaHaBHyIIIaBaClIMBoJIuqHVg,cMllc}ln Ho r.r flo-olpe,qeJrer-ro or cBofl xepofi r.r3pa3rBa rrrrrr.rqHr{ 6:smapcru
qeprr4. C uupor:rega ct{, c'bc cBor{ BKyc, c fipeApa3noroxeHurrra cu,
Ha flpepaxAaHe; reporlr, MaKap 14 BpeMeHHo, yMrlpa 3a ctsoero
npuBrrrrno 6urne u ce rro;lBflBa B HflKaK:bB npyf, MHoro pa3n[qeH c HHTepecure ctt rofl e Mr{ofo no-TururreH 6r,,:rrapau, orro.rrKoro
XlrBOT. Tara Ce 3ACL4!IBA LIyBCTBOTO 3a IIpOTIIBOIIOCTaBeHOCT I'{ He- 6ai.i fauro" (IIeHen, 277'). Tesu ,,TtitTLtLtkrtr ueprr.{", 3a Kor{ro rrr{me
c:bBMecrlrMocr Ha EBa cBrITa. ll:r,rynarqnflT, a rlpe3 HefoBl{1e o!II'1 I4 Boqu IIeHeB, ToraBa MnaA c:bBpeMeHHr4K rra Anexo, Moxe Aa 6r,gar
qlr:tareJlqT, ce TIyBCTBa TaKa, cflKalII npeMI{HaBa He fipocro or Es- MUCTeHI{ XarO :ro6osHaTerrHocT, Il oqTeHocT, rI3ocTpeHa B:b3llppreM-
tlt{BOCT KT,M HOBOTO, yCeT 3a KpaCI{BOTO, HO 3aeAHO C
pona B Auepura, or Crapua - s Hosu-fl cBflT, a Karo se rI{ ortlBa TOBa Tpe3-
,,Ha oHfl cBflT".
BOMrrCJrr{e, [paKTtrrlrr3:bM, FrflKor.{ pacoBtl 14 noJIoB}I [peApa3C:bAT,rI[,
Axqeu'r:sr B:bpxy rollflMara orAareqeHocr B IlpocrpaHcrBoro Hanpr{Mep B oTHO[reHr{eTO KbM HerprrTe 14 xeHrrTe.

rrpeArlocraBJl I4 TOJITIMaTa pa3nu1a B HpaBI4Te, 6qta u rpaAl',Iql{I{Te I{r.rx,.luuHolo IBr4xerlr4e (r"raupel - uasa4), 3anerHaJro B crpyK-
'Iprauara IIT,TH}{u}I or fi:r,:rrapux ue rypara ua A:reroeurr rr:brerrr4c, 3aAT,nxxlenHo [penlocraBr Bpr,rqa-
Ha aMepuKaHcKoro o6xlecrno.
3aMr{HaBaT Helpely6eAeHrr, oTKpt{Tr{ caMo K:bM r{oBoro r1 pa3nl{q- He B r{3xoAHara rro3r.{rlr4rr rrrr.r HrKb/le 6ruso Ao Hefl. Tosa ce cnyqBa
HOTO, KaKTO ll3rnexAa Ha npb.B nofJle[. Hanportln, Te 3aMl4HaBar He caMo B peanHrrre r3MepeHrq Ha reorpaficroro rrpocrpaHcrBo,
npegy6egenu I,IMeHHo B pa3nl{Kara, roroBl{ ca [a s, BuArr 14 rlo- tlo c:bulo rara B llera$opuueH ac[eKT: Bp:bulaHe r:su ce6e cr{, KT,M
qyBcTBaT HaBC_flK.bJIe. Herz geecruocTra, ctraAKO nJrarleruara Tp'bIIKa cl4rypHocTTa IIa rlO3HaTOTO, K:bM yrcTa Ha ,,CBOeTO" MrrCTO. MZUa-

248 249
Jrr{ca [o-MaJrKo oT rpu ceIIMI{Ilu, 6oratu Ha Brreilar]IeHnflrr cr'6n- I(bpcKara xe.lre3orl:r,TldA nLHLlfl cTaBa IIOBOA Aa Ce pa3Kpl4fr HoBr4 r{
gltrcaro 14Ha3an" 3anorlBa craplr npo6:reuu Ha,,TpaBcrloprHoro gero" n B:E':rrapux.
TlIq, Kofaro fepofr ,touectuyuare.n n ,,!,o
Ia I{3nI{TBa HocTanfrlf; Ha3aI ro 3oBaT cnoMeHr{Te' ilpl4qTeJllre ceI4 B uuro eAr4H or Kparrs.ITe rr,Terllrcl{ ue 6uxue MorJIr.I ,ua or-
HaBr{rII{re. Crapa Enpona I'I MaJIKa E:r'mapux 3anoqBar [a ,My KpLIeM 3aAOBOreHr{ }t3r.rcr$aH[flr'a Ua nsxofi KoHKpereH XaHp; Ha3-

Bl4x[ar rce iroiy6aBu, BCe no-np]lBern]rBr{, Bce flo-xeJlaHr{' ll:sre- BaHUero ,,il:brerflcu" ryr ncrruHocr e AocTa yc.lroBHo, 3aruoro B
IuecTBI4eTo o11le He e 3aBbplxl{no, KoIaTo 1epoflT BT,3K]I[1I(Ba: ,,VMo-
reKcra cno6ogHo ce cMecBar npr{po[ooflucareJrHr{, sefr:rerouuu
L{ pa3Ka3OBr{ qeprH. I4:r:reX.qa raKa, cflKarrr uorpeouocrra or cBo-
peurr cMe; HI4uIo Fre HI{ I4HrepecyBa. B Enpoua, n Erpona, no-cxopo
u Crapr" cBsr!". Oxassa ce, qe rrbryBaHero My e noMorHaJro Aa 5o4a ua ABr{xeHHero, TOJTKOBa xapaKT'epHa 3a nr,TyBalqvs Aneros
ga pa:6epe' qoBeK, ce e IlpeB'r,p]raJla B xaHpoB 6e;rer Ha. Te3I4 rnop6u"
ce 3aB:bpHe B poA[Hara, HonuRr cBflr My e rIo3BoJrIlJI
qe cu ocraBa 3aBlrliarl4 cB:bp3aH c:sc Crapua' B lnopuecrBoro Ha llonecrnyaareJrrir, xof,ro IrbryBa us En:rrapnfl, noqrl4 tsr{Harl{
A:rexo KoncranrraHoB Bce oue ro nnua Axacdlep (un[ Crurnurtr pa3Cr,XAaBa nO eAHa O6lUa, MHOIo BaxHa B TBOpqgglsOTo Ha AletrO
espeuu), rofi rqe craHe err'r6reNtarrueH eABa 3a Haqaroro na XX Kosc'raHrprHoB, TeMa TeMaTa :a 6r,,rrapcKaTa flpupoga, :a uefi-
-
8., HefoBIITe O6pa:r IIe HacenqT rloe3lffITa Ha CI4MBOJIIICTpITe I'{ 3a Hara KpacoTa, KOflTO He OTcT'bnBa npen KpacoTaTa Ha Hr4Koq Apy-
Tqx xle roBopt4M rlo-Harar:bK. fh,rynarqllflT
qoBeK B re3l{ rnop6Il fa cTpaHa r4 palKxa qyBcTBo Ha rlaTpl{orlrrrHa ropAocT LI yMr4neHr.re.
u Tofi nogeua u neplrSpa:upa I{3BecrHrlfl.rrpn3rrB Ha Basoe: ,,focilo-
He e HI4To aBaHTlopucr, I{l4To orqyx1eH, BeqeH oKr{THI4K 6es 4olt
KopeHI4. B ,,Ao r{rlxaro I4 Ha3ag" roit e can'ro eluu:rrc6o3HareJleH' ,[a, il3yrrere E:slraplra, sa Ea fl o6uxuele!". Izl uouexe ,,6orarcrBa-
r4HreJIlrreHTeH qoBex, 3a Kororo Hafi-eaxHoro Heuo e cno6ogara
ga ra u xy6ocrr4re Ha Batrapux He ce u3ytlaBar Iro reorpafrauecru
Moxe Iafl:bryBa u saM gausdvpaKr'Ae I{ KaK Ia xl{Bee' Eafr. fanro Kapru, Hlrro c pa3xoAKr4 Ha SafiroH", B fl3Beclltara ,,lIoKaHa" 3a
r,{Ma TBT,p[e pa3nl4r{Ha MOTIIBaIII'IJI 3a cTpaHcTBaHe, rlo TorI c:bulo yrlpeAflBaHero Ha rypr{crr.{qecKo ApyxecrBo lrpeAc'raBara 3a r{crl{H-
nafr-ua-rxo or BcIrqKo Moxe Ia 6tge Hapeueu 6e:pogen' 3a uero cnu 6:smapcKa, aBreHrurrflo polHa lrpupoJla ce cB:bp3Ba c uefinn
go6pe n xaparTepr{crr4Kz Karo,,A[Bocr" r{,,HeoIlI4ToMeHocr".
rrbryBaHero rlpelcraBlTssa Hafi-seqe cpe[crBo ,ua xI'IBee
po[LlHara: Ia flpouaAe MacJIO, Aa Harpyla KarII'ITiLrI, 3a Aa ce npe- lltrynafixu, AlexonlrflT tIoBeK lneAa 6r,:rrapcrara ilpl4poAa
B:EpHe ILO-K:bCHO B IIOJIIITI{qeCKa CI4na'
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ljosa o6aqe e HarJracara Ha pa3Ka3Baqa, caM MHoro [r,TyBaJI, Aa
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