Nº:
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION I-ET-0000.00-0000-940-P9U-002
CLIENT: SHEET:
1 of 15
JOB:
CC:
AREA:
PROJECT:
TITLE:
RIGID PIPELINE ON-BOTTOM ROUGHNESS
DP&T
AND FREE SPAN DESIGN EISE / EDR
INDEX OF REVISIONS
REV. DESCRIPTION AND/OR REVISED SHEETS
0 ORIGINAL
THIS DOCUMENT REPLACES I-ET-0000.00-6500-940-P9U-002
REV. 0 REV. A REV. B REV. C REV. D REV. E REV. F REV. G REV. H
DATE 06/12/2017
PROJECT EISE/EDR
EXECUTION UT6L
CHECK CTWI
APPROVAL CLZ2
THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PETROBRAS PROPERTY AND MAY NOT BE USED FOR PURPOSES OTHER THAN THOSE
SPECIFICALLY INDICATED HEREIN. THIS FORM IS PART OF PETROBRAS N-381 REV. L
Nº: REV.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION I-ET-0000.00-0000-940-P9U-002 0
JOB: SHEET:
2 of 15
TITLE:
RIGID PIPELINE ON-BOTTOM ROUGHNESS
AND FREE SPAN DESIGN EISE / EDR
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 4
1.1 OBJECTIVE ............................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 SCOPE ....................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.3 DEFINITIONS AND ABREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................ 5
2 PREMISSES ................................................................................................................. 6
2.1 MASTER PROJECT COMPLIANCE.......................................................................................................... 6
2.2 DESIGN CRITERIA .................................................................................................................................... 6
2.3 SCENARIOS .............................................................................................................................................. 6
2.4 LOADS ....................................................................................................................................................... 6
2.5 EXPOSURE TIME ...................................................................................................................................... 7
2.6 INTERACTION WITH GLOBAL BUCKLING DESIGN ............................................................................... 7
2.7 PIPE-SOIL INTERACTION ........................................................................................................................ 7
3 ON-BOTTOM ROUGHNESS ANALYSIS ..................................................................... 8
3.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................................................. 8
3.2 FINITE ELEMENT MODEL ........................................................................................................................ 8
3.3 SCENARIOS .............................................................................................................................................. 9
3.4 OPERATIONAL CYCLING FATIGUE ........................................................................................................ 9
3.5 SURVEY CALIBRATION ........................................................................................................................... 9
4 FREE SPAN ASSESSMENT ...................................................................................... 10
4.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................ 10
4.2 SCENARIOS ............................................................................................................................................ 10
4.3 FREE SPAN INTERACTION ................................................................................................................... 10
4.4 ALLOWABLE FREE SPAN LENGTH TABLES/DIAGRAMS FOR GENERAL APPLICATION ............... 11
5 DELIVERABLES ........................................................................................................ 13
5.1 DESIGN PREMISES ................................................................................................................................ 13
5.2 DESIGN REPORT.................................................................................................................................... 13
Nº: REV.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION I-ET-0000.00-0000-940-P9U-002 0
JOB: SHEET:
3 of 15
TITLE:
RIGID PIPELINE ON-BOTTOM ROUGHNESS
AND FREE SPAN DESIGN EISE / EDR
5.3 SURVEY COMPARISON ......................................................................................................................... 14
6 REFERENCES............................................................................................................ 15
Nº: REV.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION I-ET-0000.00-0000-940-P9U-002 0
JOB: SHEET:
4 of 15
TITLE:
RIGID PIPELINE ON-BOTTOM ROUGHNESS
AND FREE SPAN DESIGN EISE / EDR
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 OBJECTIVE
This Technical Specification has the objective to establish the minimum scope of work,
minimum technical requirements and minimum deliverables related to the On-Bottom
Roughness (OBR) analysis and Free Span (FS) assessment of rigid subsea pipelines.
1.2 SCOPE
The scope of OBR and FS assessment activities comprises:
• The pipeline deformed configuration due to the seabed bathymetry and
associated section loads, stresses, strains etc;
• Design against Local buckling due to Combined Load;
• Operational cycling fatigue (except for global lateral buckles covered by thermo-
mechanical design)
• FS prediction (positions and characteristics)
• FS design against ULS and FLS, including VIV and direct wave loads
• Definition of mitigations and prediction of loads for mitigations design (e.g.
mechanical support loads and matresses uplift forces)
The OBR and FS integrity (ULS and FLS) checks address only the rigid pipeline. The
following items may need to be properly accounted for in the analyses, but their design
is out of scope of the present document:
• PLET’s, in-line equipments, skids, valves, flexibility spools etc;
• Strakes, buoyancy modules, insulation, coating, and any sort of accessory
attached to the pipeline;
• Mattresses, groutbags, mechanical supports, sleepers, anchors and any sort of
mitigation device.
Concerning all aspects not specifically covered in the present document (e.g.: corrosion,
corrosion protection, material choice, fragilization etc), CONTRACTOR must comply
with the Master Project Specification and contractual requirements.
ECA is out of the present scope, although it may require outputs from OBR and FS
assessment. In this case, it is in OBR and FS design’s scope to provide loads for ECA.
Nº: REV.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION I-ET-0000.00-0000-940-P9U-002 0
JOB: SHEET:
5 of 15
TITLE:
RIGID PIPELINE ON-BOTTOM ROUGHNESS
AND FREE SPAN DESIGN EISE / EDR
1.3 DEFINITIONS AND ABREVIATIONS
PLET Pipeline End Termination
ECA Engineering Critical Assessment
EAF Effective Axial Force
FE Finite Element
SCF Stress Concentration Factor
MEG Mono-ethilene Glicol
ARQ Approximate Response Quantities
ULS Ultimate Limit State
FLS Fatigue Limit State
Master Project Document containing main Project
Specification specifications
Nº: REV.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION I-ET-0000.00-0000-940-P9U-002 0
JOB: SHEET:
6 of 15
TITLE:
RIGID PIPELINE ON-BOTTOM ROUGHNESS
AND FREE SPAN DESIGN EISE / EDR
2 PREMISSES
2.1 MASTER PROJECT COMPLIANCE
The OBR and FS design must comply with the Master Project Specification in every
aspect.
2.2 DESIGN CRITERIA
The OBR and FS assessments shall meet all requirements of DNVGL-ST-F101 [1] and
DNVGL-RP-F105 [3].
2.3 SCENARIOS
The OBR & FS design must cover all phases from as-laid to end of operation, including
permanent, transient and temporary conditions. Specific scenarios are detailed in
sections 3 and 4.
Additional scenarios may be required, depending on the project installation procedure,
operational characteristics, interface load requirements or other reasons. It is
CONTRACTOR’s responsibility to identify all additional relevant scenarios for design
verifications.
As per DNVGL-RP-F105 [3] item 2.1.4, the Operational scenarios to be considered
must cover the entire range of Effective Axial Force profile expected along the pipeline.
2.4 LOADS
CONTRACTOR must consider all applicable loads in design verifications for each
scenario. The list below anticipates commonly expected loads to be accounted for,
although it may not cover all possible loads. It is CONTRACTOR’s responsibility to
identify all applicable loads for each scenario.
2.4.1 Weight and buoyancy
2.4.2 Internal and External Pressure
2.4.3 Temperature
2.4.4 Lay Tension
2.4.5 Riser bottom tension at TDP: CONTRACTOR must consider the static riser
tension at TDP associated with each phase.
2.4.6 Currents and Waves (Meteocean)
2.4.7 Displacements, restrictions or loads due to anchors1, mattresses, supports,
etc.
1
The behavior of several anchors, e.g. those based on piles and chains, will be dependent on their pre-
stress and the direction of the pipeline axial movement. It is desireable to consider their
force/displacement curve, or perform sensitivity analyses considering limit cases, such as the anchor
working as a perfect axial restriction or the pipe free to move.
Nº: REV.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION I-ET-0000.00-0000-940-P9U-002 0
JOB: SHEET:
7 of 15
TITLE:
RIGID PIPELINE ON-BOTTOM ROUGHNESS
AND FREE SPAN DESIGN EISE / EDR
2.5 EXPOSURE TIME
The Exposure Time for fatigue damage calculation at each scenario must be adequately
chosen with respect to the expected service life and available Meteocean Data.
Usually, meteocean data will be available in a year-basis. Therefore, the Exposure Time
for a particular scenario shall not be considered less than 1 year, unless seasonal
based meteocean data are available.
2.6 INTERACTION WITH GLOBAL BUCKLING DESIGN
There are three prossible outcomes from Global Buckling Design performed according
to ref. [4]:
2.6.1 Pipeline not Succeptible to Global Buckling (GB1)
2.6.2 Pipeline Succeptible to Global Buckling or Pipeline Walking, but neither
buckling initiation strategies nor walking mitigation strategies are required
(GB2)
2.6.3 Pipeline Succeptible to Global Buckling or Pipeline Walking, but buckling
initiation strategies are required (GB3)
2.7 PIPE-SOIL INTERACTION
Dynamic soil stiffness, soil damping and Static vertical reaction curves (see NOTE
below) must be calculated according to DNVGL-RP-F114 [5]. Lateral and axial friction
factors must be the same as used in Pipeline Thermomechanical Design (ref. [4]).
NOTE: In design stage, the OBR model (see item 3.2) must reproduce the anticipated
embedment predicted in Pipe-Soil Interaction far from free span shoulders at each
phase. In survey calibration stage, the OBR model must reproduce the field measured
embedment. Static vertical stiffness as calculated in ref. [5] may require some
adaptation depending on the FE modelling strategy.
Rock and carbonate outcrop locations shall be considered on the definition of pipe-soil
interaction properties.
The sets of Pipe-Soil interaction parameters to be considered will depend on the Global
Buckling scenario:
Table 1 - Sets of Pipe-soil Interaction parameters to be considered
Global Buckling
Combinations of Soil Properties
Scenario
GB1 Best Estimate
Lower Bound and Upper bound soil properties (one
GB2
model for each)
Same combinations as in Thermomechanical detailed
GB3
anayses
Nº: REV.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION I-ET-0000.00-0000-940-P9U-002 0
JOB: SHEET:
8 of 15
TITLE:
RIGID PIPELINE ON-BOTTOM ROUGHNESS
AND FREE SPAN DESIGN EISE / EDR
3 ON-BOTTOM ROUGHNESS ANALYSIS
3.1 GENERAL
Pipeline configuration on the seabed shall be evaluated through FE analysis with the
following objectives:
3.1.1 Predict the occurrence of free spans along the pipeline route, and provide
their locations, dimensions and behavior along the pipeline service life
phases
3.1.2 Evaluate the effectiveness of proposed free-span corrections
3.1.3 Provide section loads for ULS check along the route
3.1.4 Provide section load blocks for FLS assessments along the route
associated with operational cycling.
3.2 FINITE ELEMENT MODEL
NOTE: For GB3 cases, the OBR assessment must be performed with the same model
as the Global Buckling detailed analysis (ref. [4]).
The FE model must be performed in one of the following softwares:
• ANSYS
• Abaqus
• SAGE 3D (not for GB3)
The FE models must meet the following requirements:
3.2.1 Dimensions:
3.2.1.1 GB1: 2D, 2.5D or 3D
3.2.1.2 GB2 and GB3: 2.5D or 3D
3.2.2 Boundary Conditions:
For each analysis step, boundary conditions must reflect the actual situation of the
pipeline, i.e. resistances due to PLETs, valves, sleepers and other structures must be
taken in account.
In general, the model must consider the entire pipeline length.
For very long pipelines, CONTRACTOR may adopt superposition of sections with
appropriate boundary conditions. The superposition length must be enough to prevent
boundary effects on each pipeline section. Superposition must be avoided in regions
with occurrence of crossings, very long spans etc.
3.2.3 Pipeline Section Properties:
Unless specifically required in project documentation, the pipeline must be modeled with
nominal properties, with no wall thickness loss due to corrosion. Exception is made to
concrete weight coating thickness, which shall be modeled using the nominal value plus
half the tolerance range.
Nº: REV.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION I-ET-0000.00-0000-940-P9U-002 0
JOB: SHEET:
9 of 15
TITLE:
RIGID PIPELINE ON-BOTTOM ROUGHNESS
AND FREE SPAN DESIGN EISE / EDR
3.3 SCENARIOS
Referring to DNVGL-RP-F105 item 6.5.1, the following scenarios must be considered
(in this order) for ULS check and Free Span occurrence prediction:
1. As-Laid
2. Flooded
3. Pressure-test (Hydrotest)
4. Flooded
5. Empty (if applicable)
6. Operation min.
7. Operation med.
8. Operation max.
9. Incidental
10. Shut-down
If mitigations are required, they must be considered in the appropriate phase. This may
require design loops.
3.4 OPERATIONAL CYCLING FATIGUE
Operational cycling fatigue calculation must be performed considering the cycles
informed in Master Project Specification. If necessary, extra phases must be simulated
in addition to scenarios in item 3.3 in order to obtain the stress ranges.
3.5 SURVEY CALIBRATION
In OBR model calibration against survey, the most common parameters to be calibrated
will be:
• Effective axial force using the shape of the pipeline in the free spans;
• Soil resistance against survey embedment
The acting loads in the model must be consistent with the pipeline conditions during the
survey execution.
Nº: REV.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION I-ET-0000.00-0000-940-P9U-002 0
JOB: SHEET:
10 of 15
TITLE:
RIGID PIPELINE ON-BOTTOM ROUGHNESS
AND FREE SPAN DESIGN EISE / EDR
4 FREE SPAN ASSESSMENT
4.1 GENERAL
CONTRACTOR has many possible ways to perform the assessment of the Free Spans,
both in terms of model type, design criteria and analysis coverage:
Model type:
•
Realistic seabed (FE): valid for multi- and single-span
•
Flat seabed (FE): valid for multi- and single-span
• ARQ single span: refer to DNVGL-RP-F105 item 6.8.1 for validity conditions
• ARQ pinned-pinned: only valid for approximation of Natural Frequency for VIV
avoidance criterion
Design criteria:
• VIV avoidance
• Screening fatigue criteria
• Fatigue and ULS criterion
Analysis coverage:
• Pipeline section or group of spans
• Individualized span or multi-span
4.2 SCENARIOS
Free span design must consider all scenarios in item 3.3, with applicable exposure
times for each.
Hydrotest, incidental and Shut-down may be waived if the expected exposure time is
short.
Concerning Operational scenarios, unless the Design Basis specifies the duration of
each operational scenario, the entire service life must be considered as Exposure Time
and the worst Screnario must be considered for the fatigue damage.
4.3 FREE SPAN INTERACTION
A set of two or more spans must be preliminarily considered as Interacting multi-spans
when at least one of the following characteristics is observed:
• The minimum distance between two adjacent spans is shorter than the longer
span;
• One of the spans in the set does not meet the VIV avoidance criterion with
pinned-pinned boundary condition
Multi-span assessment must be performed according to DNVGL-RP-F105 item 6.10.
If a large number of multi-spans is observed, CONTRACTOR may choose to build a
project-specific set of Interaction diagrams/tables (DNVGL-RP-F105 item 1.6.4) with
multi-span flat-seabed FE. In this case, one diagram is required for each Phase (empty,
Nº: REV.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION I-ET-0000.00-0000-940-P9U-002 0
JOB: SHEET:
11 of 15
TITLE:
RIGID PIPELINE ON-BOTTOM ROUGHNESS
AND FREE SPAN DESIGN EISE / EDR
flooded, Operation…) for each pipeline section, and the EAF and gap used for this
assessment must be coherent with OBR outcomes.
4.4 ALLOWABLE FREE SPAN LENGTH TABLES/DIAGRAMS FOR GENERAL
APPLICATION
Regardless of how far CONTRACTOR goes in terms of sophistication and
individualization of FS assessment, the following sets of Allowable Free Span Length
Diagrams/Tables as function of the EAF (see figure below) must be reported.
Figure 1 – Allowable Span Length with respect to Effective Axial Force (scheme)
4.4.1 Pinned-Pinned Span Avoidance Allowable Length
A diagram of Allowable Free Span Length VS Effective Axial Force must be reported
(graph and tabular format, example sketched in Figure 1) using VIV avoidance criterion
(DNVGL-RP-F105 item 2.3) and Pinned-Pinned boundary condition.
The gap used for this assessment must be coherent with OBR outcomes.
The diagram EAF range must cover the entire expected EAF range for each phase.
Note that different submerged weights will require different diagrams.
This item may be waived if OBR assessment presents no interacting span.
This item cannot be waived if the pipeline presents crossings, sleepers and free span
supports.
4.4.2 Isolated Single Span Fatigue Allowable Length
A diagram of Isolated Single Span Length VS EAF must be reported (graph and tabular
format, example sketched in Figure 1) using FLS criterion.
Nº: REV.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION I-ET-0000.00-0000-940-P9U-002 0
JOB: SHEET:
12 of 15
TITLE:
RIGID PIPELINE ON-BOTTOM ROUGHNESS
AND FREE SPAN DESIGN EISE / EDR
The gap used for this assessment must be coherent with OBR outcomes.
The diagram EAF range must cover the entire expected EAF range for each phase.
Note that different submerged weights will require different diagrams.
Nº: REV.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION I-ET-0000.00-0000-940-P9U-002 0
JOB: SHEET:
13 of 15
TITLE:
RIGID PIPELINE ON-BOTTOM ROUGHNESS
AND FREE SPAN DESIGN EISE / EDR
5 DELIVERABLES
5.1 DESIGN PREMISES
CONTRACTOR must provide a OBR & FS Design Premisses Report for previous
approval, containing all premises and criteria for OBR and FS design, adequately
referenced.
The OBR & FS Design Premisses Report must contain:
5.1.1 Detailed division of the pipeline in sections for analyses
5.1.2 SCF calculations
5.1.3 Summary of all relevant inputs for OBR and FS design
5.1.4 Exposure time and Fatigue S-N curve(s) for each scenario
5.1.5 Detailed load case matrix clearly showing the applied loads for each
scenario
5.1.6 Static soil reaction curve and dynamic soil stiffness
5.1.7 Friction factors
5.2 DESIGN REPORT
CONTRACTOR must provide a OBR & FS Design Report demonstrating that the
pipeline complies with the present specification requirements.
The Design Report minimum content comprises:
5.2.1 OBR model output lists in editable format:
• For SAGE 3D: Input summary file (.doc) and complete outputs for every phase in
.csv format.
• For ANSYS: one .txt file per step, containing Node coordinates, Effective Axial
Force, Temperature, Mises Stress, Stress Components, Strain Components,
Moments, Shear Forces and Normal forces, Contact Opening, Contact
Reactions, Contact slippage.
• For Abaqus: one .txt file per step, containing the following variables: ESF1,
COORD1, COORD2, COORD3, Temp (nodal or element), MISES (maximal
among all section points), S11, S22, S12, LE11 (minimum and maximum among
all section points), SM1, SM2, SM3, SF1, SF3, SF3, RF1, RF2, RF3, RM1, RM2,
RM3, CF1, CF2, CF3, CM1, CM2, CM3, COPEN, CPRESS, CSLIP1, CSLIP2,
CSHEAR1, CSHEAR2.
5.2.2 Operational Fatigue Damage
5.2.3 Local Buckling check for every required scenario
5.2.4 List of predicted Free Spans containing Interaction classification, EAF, FLS
and ULS check;
5.2.5 Interaction Diagrams (graphs and tabulated data) specified in item 4.3 (if
applicable);
Nº: REV.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION I-ET-0000.00-0000-940-P9U-002 0
JOB: SHEET:
14 of 15
TITLE:
RIGID PIPELINE ON-BOTTOM ROUGHNESS
AND FREE SPAN DESIGN EISE / EDR
5.2.6 Allowable Free Span Length tables specified in item 4.4;
5.2.7 Loads for mitigation design.
5.2.8 All stress histograms and static stresses used for ECA analyses inputs;
5.2.9 Other auxiliary calculation spreadsheets.
5.3 SURVEY COMPARISON
When As-laid and As-built survey results are available, CONTRACTOR must provide a
comparison between survey and OBR results, either in a section/appendix of the Survey
Report or in an independent document.
A re-analysis with calibrated model is mandatory if either one of the conditions is
observed:
5.3.1 If the comparison suggests that OBR results are non-conservative with
respect to the Survey results;
5.3.2 GB2 and GB3 situations.
Nº: REV.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION I-ET-0000.00-0000-940-P9U-002 0
JOB: SHEET:
15 of 15
TITLE:
RIGID PIPELINE ON-BOTTOM ROUGHNESS
AND FREE SPAN DESIGN EISE / EDR
6 REFERENCES
[1] DNVGL-ST-F101, Submarine Pipeline Systems
[2] DNVGL-RP-C203, Fatigue Design of Offshore Steel Structures
[3] DNVGL-RP-F105, Free Spanning Pipelines
[4] I-ET-0000.00-0000-940-P9U-003, THERMOMECHANICAL DESIGN OF SUBSEA
PIPELINES
[5] DNVGL-RP-F114, Pipe-soil interaction of submarine pipelines
