Column 5 10 15 25 SOLUTION

26 19 coefficient of variation, we can calculate

No. 20 formula to calculate
Usingthe deviation, that is
standard
the
vaalue of
-
C.V = x 1 0 0
-
Substituting the values in the equation, we get
100 o = 50 x 40
|V 40
100 50
V
50 x 40
V = 20
100
formula to caiculate
Total be calculated using the
1 3 6 The value of mode can
3 1 of skewness, that is
Karl Pearson's coefficient
Frequency value 26 got the highest tally
40-50 with frequency 26. marks, so the modal class is X- Mo
Mode is calculated using the values in the equation, we get
equation, Substituting the available
=20 x-0.4 = 50- M,
M, =L+ -0.4 50- M,
-xi 20
58
-8= 50- M,: M, =
50 +8=58; Mode = calculated using the
Substituting the values in the equation, we get distribution is
moderatelv skewed
Mode for a
1 equation.
M, = 40+ 147X1O = 41.25 years
M, =3Median -2 Mean
Kari equation,we get
Pearson's coeficient of skewness is calculated the values in the
using the equation, Substituting
- (2 x 50) =3
Median)
Median - 100
S,= X-Mo 58 = (3 x
158 Median = 52.67
=
158 =3 Median; 3 SKEWNESS
OF
Substituting the values in the equation, we COEFFICIENT
That is, Q, and Q,.
The
get BOWLEY'S
based on
quartiles.
42.52- 4125 is
S= 17.6932 =+0.071778 This method of
skewness
2M
Plus sign shows positive
formula used is: Qg +Q, -
Qg - Q,
skewness. of
Skewness =
PROBLEM Bowley's
Coefficient
 Below 200 f
200- 400 40
Substituting the values in the equation, we get
400 - 600 85
600- 800 75 65.25 - 65
400 + x 200 = Rs. 400.59
800-1,000 20 Q, = 82
1,000 and above 16
SOLUTION Similarly Q, class
is 3x term,that is 3x65.25=195.75h term. Q.
800
600 -
In order tofind out of the Bowley's coemcient oI SKewness,
Q,,0 and class is
Median are to calculated. the equation
Q. is calculated using
The computation of Q,, Q, and Median are explained in the following
table. -c.f.
X f c.f. xi
Q, = L+ f
Below 200 25 25
200- 400 40 Substituting the values in the equation, we
get
65
400 -600 85 150 195.75 150
Q, = 600+
x 200 = Rs. 722
600 - 800 75 225 75
800-1,000 20 245 calculated using the equation,
Bowley's Coefficient of Skewness is
1,000 and above 16 261
Q3 +Q,-2M
Nth 261
Median class = term, that is, = 130.5th term.
2 2 Substituting the values in the equation, we get
Bowley's coefficient of skewness 14.35 =+0.04464
400-600 class includes cumulative frequency 130.5, thus 400-600 is
the median class. = 722+ 400.59-[2 x 554.12] = 321.41
Median is calculated using the equation, 722-400.59
N skewness.
-c.f. Plus sign shows positive
companies.
M=L+ PROBLEM
xi of capital of
tothe size
N u m b e r o fC o m p a n i e s
The following figures relate
20
Substituting the values in the equation, we get
Capital (in lakhs of Rs.)
27
M= 400+ 65.25-65 x200 = Rs.
554.12 1-5
85 29
6-10
 class hasto be converted into 213.7 -x5 = Rs. 30.382
The given inclusive an
The computation is
explained in the table exclUsive class.
, = 25.5+.
53
f
Bowley's Coefficient of Skewness is calculated using the equation,
X c.f.
0.5-5.5 20
20 Q, +Q,-2M
5.5- 10.5 27 47
10.5 - 15.5 29
76 Substituting the
values in the equation, we get
15.5-20.5 38
114 skewness
20.5-25.5 48
162 Bowley's coefficient of
25.5- 30.5 53 =-0.11939
30.5-35.5
215 : 30.382+14.681-2x23.4688
70
285 30.382- 14.681
term, that is
285 Negative sign shows negative skewness.
Median class is
2 2 =142.5h term. Median class
is PROBLEM
20.5-25.5. Median is calculated using the equation. Inafrequency distribution, the coefficient of skewness
based on quartiles
Quartiles is 28 and the Median is 11, find
-c.f. is0.5; ifthe sum of upper and lower
M= L+2 x0 the values of lower and upper Quartiles.
SOLUTION
Substituting the values in the equation, we get
It is given that S, = 0.5
M= 20.5+ 142.5-114 -x5 = Rs. 23.4688
48 Q, +Q,=28
M= 11
Nth |285th
,class is given by term, that is4 term =71.25h term. Q, Q-9,=x usingthe equation,
class is 10.5-15.5. Coefficient of skewness is calculated
0, iscalculated using the equation Qg +Q-2M
S,=
c.f. equation, we get
xi, Substituting the values in the equation, we get Substituting the values inthe
0.5 28-22
Q,=105 +7125 47 -x5 = Rs. 14.68
X
29 0.5 x = 6
Q, class is 3 X=
6 =12
term, that is. 71.25 x3 = 213.75h term. 0.5
Q, class is
25.5-30.5.
Q,is calcuatod
D+Q = 28
a n d ,A d d i n g
 the !
The values are Q, is 8 and Q, is calculate

20. Wecan thatis

PROBLEM equation,

= 30
the 100-70

In a distribution the Q.=70;

Q,=
sum is 35 and the Median difference between two is 30 and Q,
is 70.
is 20. Findthe
CoefficientQuartiles is 15 The value of Q,
SOLUTION of
Skewness? and their P R O B L E M

of Skewness from the following series.

Bowley's coefficient of skewness is Calculate Bowley's
Coefficient

calculated using the Wages (Rs.)

Number of Workers
Qg +Q, - 2M equation 10
Below 10
Q-Q 50
PHe Below 20
Substituting the available values in Below 30
70
the equation, we get Below 40
70
35-40 80
S,= 15 =-0.3333 Below 50
120
Below60
Negative sign showS negative Below 70
136
PROBLEM skewness. 150
Below80
150
In a frequency Below 90
is 0.6. If the sum
distribution the coefficient of
Find the values of of upper and lower Quartiles isskewness based on quartiles
100 and the Median
SOLUTION
into an ordinary
lower and upper is 38. has to be
converted
that is
SOLUTION Quartiles? The given cumulative series
median, Q, and Q, are
to be
calculated,

frequency distribution. Then

Bowley's coefficient of explained in the following table.
skewness is calculated using c.f.

the equation, X 10
S, = Qg +Q,-2M 0-10
10 50
40
10 -20 70
20 70
Substituting the available values 20 -30
30- 40 80
in the equation, we get 10 120
0.6 40-50
40
100 -(2 x 38) 50 -60
136
0.6x = 24: X = 24 = 40 16 150
60-70
It is 0.6 14 150
given that, 70- 80
Q,+Q, 100 80-90
term, i.e.,
150

Q, -Q, 40
and, Adding sing the equation 2 40-50.
 - c.f. PROBLEM of Skewness rom tne TOHOWINy udla uSIy
Coefficient
M=L+ 2 -xi Calculate
the
f
No. of Students
Substituting the values in the equation, we get Quartles
Marks 180
M= 40 +75-70 -x10 = Rs. 45 Above 160
10 15
130
30 100
0. class is calculated 45
using the equation 65
37.5 term. Cumulative term; that is, 150 60 20
10-20. So the Q, class is frequency
10-20. corresponding to 37.5 falls in the class 75 5
90
Q, is calculated using
the equation, SOLUTION conveted. The follow
N
frequency distribution
has to be
--C.f.
Q, =l+4 The cumulative
xi, computation.
f ing table gives the c.f.
X
Substituting the values in the 20
20
equation, we get 0-15 50
Q, = 10+.37.5-10 x10 = 10+ 275 15-30
30 80
40 = Rs. 16.875 30
4 30 - 45 115
45 - 60 35 160
Q, class is íound out using the 60 -75 45 175
112.5th equation term, that is, 3 x37.5= 75-90
15 180
term. The Cumulative 5
the class 50-60. So the frequency
Q, class is 50-60.Corresponding to this vlaue falls in
90-105
term, i.e.,
180
2
Q, is calculated using the equation Median class is calculated
using the equation 2
-C.f. 90term. Median class is 45-60.
Q,=L+ -xi, equaton
Median is calculated using the
Substituting the values in the
Q,= 50+ 112.5-80 equation, we get M=L+2
--c.f.-xi
x10 = Rs. f we get
40 58.125 values in the
equation,
Bowley's coeficient of Substituting the
skewness is calculatedIusingthe equation, 90-80
x15 =
49.285 marks
S,= Q3 +O-2M
180 = 45h
M= 45+ th
term; that is,
35
o 0 u a t i o n
 ANALYSIS FOR BUSINESS DECISIONS -1 MEASURES OF VARIATION AND SKEWNESS 527
Q U A N T I T A T I V E
526
SOLUTION
N
-c.f. Computation is explained in the following table,
Q, = L + - x i ,
X f c.f.
6 6
Substituting the values in the equation, we get 4 -8
16
8-12 10
18 34
Q = 15+. 45-20 15 = 27.5 marks 12-16
30 64
30 16-20 94
20-24 30
12 106
equation term, that is, 3x45 24-28
Q, class is calculated using the 28-32 10 116
6 122
60-75. 32-36
135th term.Q, falls in the class 36- 40 2 124
Q, is calculated using the equation, 124
term, i.e.,
the equation 2
3 -c.f. Median class is calculated using
4 class 16-20. The Median
Q, = L+ -xi, frequency 62 falls in the
62nd term. Cumulative
calculated using the equation,
Substituting the values in the equation, we get class is 16-20. Median is
N
135-115 -c.f.
Q, = 60+. -x15 =66.67 marks M=L+2 -xi
45
Bowley's coefficient of skewness is calculated usingthe equation, Substituting the values in the
equation, we get
Qg +Q,-2M 62-34
x4 = Rs. 19.733
S,= Q, -Q, M= 16+
30
124
Substituting the values in the equation, we get term;that is
4
using the equation
S, = 66.67 +27.5-2 x 49.285 =-0.1123 Q, class can be calculated
66.67-27.5
=31stterm. therefore Q, class is
Negative sign shows negative skewness. Cumulative frequency 31
falls in the class 12-16,
o
PROBLEM 12-16.
the equation,
From the following, compute Quartile Deviation and also Coefficient of Q, class is calculated using
Skewness.
c.f.
Weekly Wages (in Rs) Number of Workers Q, =L+4 xi
f
4-8 get
Substituting the values in the equation, we
8-12 10 31-16
12-16 18. x4 = Rs. 15.33
Q, = 12+ 18
16-20 30
20- 24 30 equation term, that is, 3 x 31
24-28 12 oclass is calculated using the
28 -32 10 = 93rd term.
32 -36
6
36- 40 2
May 86- PART
C
 BUSINESS
DECISIONS
MEASUPRES OF
QUANTITATIVE
ANALYSIS FOR
VARIATION AND
528 SKEWNESS 529
correspondingto 93
falls in the class 20-24, So
Median class is
Cumulative frequency
is calculated using
the equation, calculated using the equation N
Q,class is 20-24. Q, 120 L2 term, i.e.,
-c.f. 2
=60th term. Cumulative frequency to falls in
14 -xi, class is 70-80. the cdass 70-80. The
Q, = L+ f Median
Median is calcuiated using the
Substituting the values in the equation, we get equation.
N
93-64 -c.f.
x4 = Rs. 23.867
Q, = 20 + 30 M=L+xi
f
using the equation.
Bowley's coefficient of skewness is calculated
Substituting the values sin the
Qg +Q, -2M equation, we get
60-36
Q -Q, M= 70+ -x10 =75.5814
get 43
Substituting the values in the equation, we
15.33-2 x19.733 -0.269
S, = 23.867 +
23.867-15.33 8.537 Q, class is calculated using the equation term; that is. 120 =30
4
=-0.03151 Negative sign shows negative skewness. arm Cumulative frequency Corresponding to this value falls in the ciass f0.
23.87-15.33 = Rs. 4.27
Q.D. =
2
70, therefore Q, class is 60-7o.
2
Q.is calculated usingtheequation.
PROBLEM
given below.
Calculate Bowley's Coefficient of Skewness from the data -c.f.
Q, = L+4 -xi
65 75 85 95 f
Mid Points 35 45 55
1 11 21 43 32 9 Substituting the values in the equation, we get
Frequency
30-15
Q, = 60+ x10 =67.1429
SOLUTION 21
Here
Mid points are to be converted ito an ordinary frequency distribution.
10 term, that is, 3 x 30 =
=5. Q, class is calculated using the equation 3
the difference between mid points is ten. So the correction factor is 2
X c.f. 90h term. Cumulative frequency corresponding to 90 fals in the class 80-90,
30- 40
therefore Q, class is 80-90.
40-50 4 Q, class is calculated using the equation,
50-60 11 15
60-70 21 36
70-80 43 79 Qg +L+ -xi
f
80- 90 32 111
90-79
90-100 120 , = 80+ x 10 =83.4375
32
 .
ANALYSIS FOR
BUSINESS
DECISIONS
MEASURES OF
VARIATION AND
530
QUANTITATIVE
SKEWNESS 531
can be calculated Median is calculated using the
Coefficient of Skewness using the equation,
Bowley's
equation,
- c.f.
M=L+2
2M xi
Qg +Q, -
the equation, we get Substituting the values in the equation, we get
Substituting the values in
67.1429-2 x 75.5814
-0.5824 26-22
S, = 83.4375 + 16.2946
M= 30+ x10 = 32.8571 marks
83.4375-67.1429 14
skewness.
=-0.03574. Negative sign shows negative Substituting the values in théequation, we get
PROBLEM
Calculate Bowley's Coefficient of Skewness from the following
th
0. class is calculated using the equation 52
distribution. term; that is, 4 = 13h
Number of Students orm Cumulative frequency 13 falls in the class 20-30,
Marks therefore 20-30 is the
Less than 10 5 Q, class.
Less than 20 12 Q, is calculated using the equation,
Less than 30 22
Less than 40 36 -c.f.
40 to 50 12 Q, =L+- -x0
f
50 to 60 4
Nov 89 - PART B Substituting the values in the equation, we get
SOLUTION 13-12
Q, = 20 + x10 = 21 marks
The given distribution is converted into an ordinary frequency distribu 10
tion. The computation is explained in the following table. ¬th
X f c.f. [N
Q, class is found out using3 4 term, Cumulative frequency 39 falls
0-10 5 5
10-20 7 12 in the class 40-50 class, therefore Q, class is 40-50.
20-30 10 22
a, is calculated usingtheequation,
30-40 14 36
40 -50 12 48
50- 60 4 52
O, = L+ f
-X0
Median class is N torm io
52