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Lesson 3 Concept Notes

Philippine nationalism emerged as a response to centuries of foreign rule, particularly during Spanish, American, and Japanese occupations. Key events such as the execution of GomBurZa, the rise of liberal ideas, and the efforts of reformists like Jose Rizal fueled the movement, leading to various struggles for independence, including the establishment of revolutionary societies like the Katipunan. The culmination of these efforts resulted in the declaration of Philippine independence in 1946, following the end of U.S. colonial rule.

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19 views3 pages

Lesson 3 Concept Notes

Philippine nationalism emerged as a response to centuries of foreign rule, particularly during Spanish, American, and Japanese occupations. Key events such as the execution of GomBurZa, the rise of liberal ideas, and the efforts of reformists like Jose Rizal fueled the movement, leading to various struggles for independence, including the establishment of revolutionary societies like the Katipunan. The culmination of these efforts resulted in the declaration of Philippine independence in 1946, following the end of U.S. colonial rule.

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Philippine Nationalism

THE RISE OF PHILIPPINE NATIONALISM


Nationalism in the Philippines took root in the context of colonialism, evolving as a response to centuries of foreign
rule.
• Spanish
• American
• Japanese occupations
FACTORS THAT LED TO THE RISE OF PHILIPPINE NATIONALISM
1. The Execution of GomBurZa
➢In January 1872, the workers in Cavite Arsenal had the rebellion against the additional deductions in
their salary and the lost of exemption in tribute.
➢The accused leader of the rebellion were the GomBurZa.
2. The Rise of Liberal Ideas
➢The liberal ideas came to the Philippines through the continuous contact of Filipino Illustrados with the
West.
➢Illustrados were well-educated Filipinos who were able to study in Europe.

Jose Rizal was the greatest reformist


➢The first person who thought that the Philippines was a nation, and the Filipinos should be united and educated
to reform their society.

➢His novels and essays inspired the Filipinos to fight for their rights and for their Independence.

THE FIRST WAVE OF STRUGGLE AGAINST SPANIARDS


The first wave of struggle against the Spaniards did not aim for total independence of the country.

1. Political Reform
2. Equality between Filipinos and Spaniards
3. Assimilation of the Philippines from the Spain

La Solidaridad
➢ It was the newspaper which was the organ for the Filipinos to express their sentiments for the Philippines
against the Spanish colonial government.

➢It was founded on January 1, 1889 but the first subscription came out on February 15, 1889.

➢Because the lack of funds and unity among its member, its existence ended on November 15, 1985.

La Liga Filipina
➢It was a civic society founded by Dr. Jose Rizal on July 3, 1892.

➢Aimed for the unity of the whole archipelago, mutual protection of law, defense against violence and injustice
and application of the reforms needed by the society.

➢After 3 days of the foundation Dr. Jose Rizal was exiled to Dapitan.

Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK)


➢ In response, the and other members founded the Katipunan in 1892, a secret revolutionary society dedicated to
overthrowing Spanish rule through armed resistance.

➢ The abolishment of La Liga Filipina prompted Bonifacio and the KKK to believe that peaceful reform was no
longer possible.

➢ As an active member of La Liga, he became disillusioned with the idea of nonviolent change and saw the need
for a more direct approach to achieve independence.
THE SECOND WAVE OF STRUGGLE AGAINST SPANIARDS
The Revolutionary Movement
➢ The Spaniards, with a well-armed colonial military, suppressed the revolutionaries in several battles.
Nonetheless, the Filipinos continued fighting, and the movement spread to various regions, including Cavite,
where Emilio Aguinaldo emerged as a prominent leader.

Factionalism and Leadership Conflicts


➢ In 1897, the Tejeros convention aims to unify the revolutionary government, but it only deepened divisions.

➢ Emilio Aguinaldo was elected president over Bonifacio, leading to internal conflict. Bonifacio, feeling
betrayed, attempted to assert his authority but was eventually arrested and executed under Aguinaldo's orders.

Pack of Biak-na-Bato
➢ The Pact of Biak-na-Bato was signed in December 1897, offering amnesty and monetary compensation to
Aguinaldo and other leaders, who agreed to go into exile in Hong Kong.

➢At the beginning of 1898, war erupted between Spain and U.S. As a result, the U.S sent naval forces.

➢The Filipinos believed that the Americans would help them achieve independence. So, upon Aguinaldo’s
return, he proclaimed independence.

The Spanish-American War


➢ Mock Battle of Manila was the event at the end of the Spanish-American War, held on August 13, 1898.

➢ It was arranged to allow Spain to surrender the city to the United States rather than to the Filipino
revolutionary forces, who had been fighting for independence.

Treaty of Paris
➢ The Treaty of Paris was signed on December 10, 1898, marking the formal end of the Spanish-American War.

➢ Under the terms of the treaty, Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States in exchange for a payment of
$20 million.

The Philippine and American War


➢ When the U.S. began establishing its authority over the Philippines without acknowledging the existing
revolutionary government, Filipino forces resisted, leading to the outbreak of the Philippine-American War in
February 1899.

Benevolent Assimilation
➢ The Americans demonstrated to the Filipinos that they were not conquerors. Instead, they wanted to assist
the Philippines in preparing for Independence when the time was right. through the Benevolent Assimilation
Proclamation.

➢ The policy was designed to justify American sovereignty over the Philippines and the subsequent
colonization of the country, even though it was portrayed as a benevolent and "civilizing" mission.

Tydings-McDuffie Act
➢ Act of ten-year preparation or transition period before the full independence of the Philippines.

➢ During this time, the Philippine Commonwealth was established, and this government was led by Filipinos
under the guidance of Americans.

➢ Manuel L. Quezon was elected president during the Commonwealth era, with Sergio Osmeña Sr. as vice-
president.

➢ All government offices and officials at this time were composed solely of Filipinos.
Japanese Occupation
➢ The Japanese occupation of the Philippines during the Second World War, from December 8, 1941 until
the end of the war in 1945, resulted in immense hardships for Filipinos.
➢ After attacking Pearl Harbor, the Imperial Japanese Army attacked the Philippines in December 1941.
➢ Manila was declared an Open City on December 26, 1941, by General Douglas MacArthur to spare the
city from damages and its citizens from further danger.
➢ On January 2, 1942, Japan fully conquered the Philippines.
➢In 1943, The Japanese established the Second Philippine Republic. It is known as a “puppet republic”.

Parity Rights
➢ A controversial provision in Philippine history that allowed U.S. citizens and corporations the same rights
as Filipinos in accessing the country’s natural resources and public utilities.
➢ An economic agreement between the Philippines and the United States following the country's
independence on July 4, 1946.

Third Philippine Republic


➢ The Third Republic of the Philippines began on July 4, 1946, following the end of U.S. colonial rule and
the declaration of Philippine independence.
➢ It was marked by efforts to rebuild the country from the devastation of World War II, assert national
sovereignty, and foster economic and social development.

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