History of Psychology The Making of a Science, 1st Edition
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HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
The Making of a Science
Edward P. Kardas
Southern Arkansas University
Los Angeles
London
New Delhi
Singapore
Washington DC
Melbourne
Copyright © 2023 by SAGE Publications, Inc.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
ISBN: 978-1-0718-0609-8
Printed in the United States of America
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BRIEF CONTENTS
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Author
Chapter 1 21st Century Psychology
Chapter 2 Psychology in Prehistory
Chapter 3 Greek Philosophy
Chapter 4 From Faith to Humanism
Chapter 5 From the Renaissance to the Dawn of Science
Chapter 6 From Philosophy to Social Science
Chapter 7 Introspective Psychology
Chapter 8 Biological Psychology
Chapter 9 Functional Psychology
Chapter 10 Behaviorism
Chapter 11 Neobehaviorism
Chapter 12 Gestalt Psychology
Chapter 13 Personality and Psychopathology
Chapter 14 Cognitive Psychology: Revolution or Evolution?
References
Glossary
Index
DETAILED CONTENTS
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Author
Chapter 1 21st Century Psychology
History and Prehistory
Persons in History
Ideas in History
Trends in History
Presentism
Objectivity
Why Study History?
21st Century Psychology
Science and Psychology
Applied Psychology
Psychology’s Borders
Definition of 21st Century Psychology
Psychology’s Subdisciplines
Psychology’s Phenomena
Are There Laws of Psychology?
Unified Psychology?
Chapter 2 Psychology in Prehistory
Zeitgeist
Camping
Preview
Introduction
Early Hominins
Basic Human Characteristics
Bipedalism
Toolmaking
Language
Sociality
Hunter-Gatherers
Stone Age Thinking
Farming, Sedentism, and Domestication
Urbanization
Civilization and the Birth of History
The First Civilizations
The Depth of Civilization
The Rise of Philosophy
Ancient Greek Religion
Greek Medicine
Alcmaeon (dates unknown)
Hippocrates (460–377 BCE)
Biography
Contributions
Galen (129–210 CE)
Biography
Contributions
Summary
Chapter 3 Greek Philosophy
Zeitgeist
A Short History of Ancient Greece
Preview
Introduction
Milesian Philosophers
Thales (624–546 BCE)
Anaximander (611–545 BCE)
Anaximenes (585–525 BCE)
Summary of Milesian Philosophy
Early Growth and Development of Philosophy
Pythagoras (570–490 BCE)
Xenophanes (570–475 BCE)
Heraclitus (540–475 BCE)
Eleatic Philosophy
Parmenides (540–470 BCE)
Zeno of Elea (490–430 BCE)
Melissus (b. 470 BCE)
Summary of Eleatic Philosophy
Later Greek Philosophers
Empedocles (495–435 BCE)
Anaxagoras (500–428 BCE)
Democritus (460–370 BCE)
Sophism
Protagoras (480–411 BCE)
Gorgias (483–375 BCE)
Pericles and Athens’s Golden Age
Greek Philosophy’s Big Three
Socrates (469–399 BCE)
Plato (429–347 BCE)
Aristotle (384–322 BCE)
Cynics
Antisthenes (445–365 BCE)
Diogenes of Sinope (412–323 BCE)
Crates (365–285 BCE)
Hipparchia (b. 350 BCE)
Stoics
Zeno of Citium (344–262 BCE)
Chrysippus (280–207 BCE)
Skeptics
Pyrrho (365–270 BCE)
Epicureans
Epicurus (341–270 BCE)
Summary
Chapter 4 From Faith to Humanism
Zeitgeist
Religion
Preview
Introduction
Neoplatonism
Philo (20 BCE–50 CE)
Biography
Contributions
Plotinus (204–270 CE)
Biography
Contributions
The Rise of Christian Faith
Augustine of Hippo (354–430 CE)
Biography
Contributions
Muhammad and the Rise of Islam
Islamic Scholars
Al-Kindi (800–870)
Biography
Contributions
Al-Farabi (872–950)
Biography
Contributions
Avicenna (980–1037)
Biography
Contributions
Averroës (1126–1198)
Biography
Contributions
Christian Theologians
Anselm of Canterbury (1033–1109)
Biography
Contributions
Peter Abelard (1079–1142)
Biography
Contributions
Peter Lombard (1095–1160)
Biography
Contributions
Albert the Great (1193–1280)
Biography
Contributions
Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274)
Biography
Contributions
William of Ockham (1287–1347)
Biography
Contributions
The Rise of Humanism
Petrarch (1304–1374)
Biography
Contributions
Humanism and Science
The Black Plague
Astronomy
Empiricism
Summary
Chapter 5 From the Renaissance to the Dawn of Science
Zeitgeist
The Enlightenment
Preview
Introduction
The Renaissance
Erasmus (1467–1536)
Biography
Contributions
The Reformations
Martin Luther (1483–1546)
Biography
Contributions
The Counter Reformation
The Rise of Science
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543)
Biography
Contributions
Tycho Brahe (1546–1601)
Biography
Contributions
Johannes Kepler (1571–1630)
Biography
Contributions
Galileo (1564–1642)
Biography
Contributions
Isaac Newton (1643–1727)
Biography
Contributions
Religious Intolerance
The Earliest New Philosophers
Rene Descartes (1596–1650)
Biography
Contributions
The Mind–Body Problem
Descartes’s Later Life and Legacy
Francis Bacon (1561–1626)
Biography
Contributions
The English Civil Wars (1642–1651) and Their
Consequences
The British Empiricists
Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679)
Biography
Contributions
John Locke (1632–1704)
Biography
Contributions
George Berkeley (1685–1753)
Biography
Contributions
David Hume (1711–1776)
Biography
Contributions
Summary
Chapter 6 From Philosophy to Social Science
Zeitgeist
Europe After 1648
Preview
Introduction
Four Philosophers
Baruch (Benedict) Spinoza (1632–1677)
Biography
Contributions
Nicolas Malebranche (1638–1715)
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716)
Biography
Contributions
Immanuel Kant (1724–1804)
Biography
Contributions
Other 19th Century Philosophies
Utilitarianism
Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832)
John Stuart Mill (1806–1873)
Romanticism
Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762–1814)
Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling (1775–1854)
and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831)
The Social Sciences
Auguste Comte (1798–1857)
Emile Durkheim (1858–1917)
Karl Marx (1818–1883)
Max Weber (1864–1920)
Herbert Spencer (1820–1903)
Biography
Contributions
Alexander Bain (1818–1903)
Biography
Contributions
Johann Friedrich Herbart (1776–1841)
Biography
Contributions
Hermann Lotze (1817–1881)
Biography
Contributions
Summary
Chapter 7 Introspective Psychology
Zeitgeist
The Scientific Laboratory
Preview
Introduction
Introspection
Wilhelm Wundt (1832–1920)
Biography
Contributions
Wundt’s Theory of Psychology
Psychology After Wundt
Edward Bradford Titchener (1867–1927)
Biography
Contributions
Titchener’s Theory of Psychology
Georg Elias Müller (1850–1934)
Biography
Contributions
Franz Brentano (1838–1917)
Biography
Contributions
Carl Stumpf (1848–1936)
Biography
Contributions
Clever Hans and his Effect on Psychology
Hermann Ebbinghaus (1850–1909)
Biography
Contributions
Oswald Külpe (1862–1915)
Biography
Contributions
Summary
Chapter 8 Biological Psychology
Zeitgeist
History of Biology
Preview
Introduction
William Harvey (1578–1657)
Biography
Contributions
Biology Before Darwin
Darwin’s Influence on Biology and Psychology
Charles Darwin (1809–1882)
Biography
Contributions
Neuroanatomy
Phrenology
The Organization of the Spinal Cord
Communication Between the Senses and the Brain
Hermann Helmholtz (1821–1894)
Biography
Contributions
Psychophysics
Naive Ideas About Sensation and Perception
Scientific Psychophysics
Ernst Weber and the JND
Biography
Contributions
Gustav Fechner (1801–1887)
Biography
Contributions
Animal Intelligence and Comparative Psychology
Psychometrics
Francis Galton (1822–1911)
Biography
Contributions
Summary
Chapter 9 Functional Psychology
Zeitgeist
American Universities Before Daniel Coit Gilman
Preview
Introduction
William James (1842–1910)
Biography
Contributions
The Principles of Psychology and the Psychology:
Briefer Course
Jamesian Psychology
Hugo Münsterberg (1863–1916)
Biography
Contributions
Granville Stanley Hall (1844–1924)
Biography
Contributions
Hall’s Influence on American Psychology
James McKeen Cattell (1860–1944)
Biography
Contributions
Edward Lee Thorndike (1874–1949)
Biography
Contributions
