Course :
Paper Code: AIDS 202,
Faculty : Dr. Shivanka
Assistant Professor
VIPS
Constructors
• A constructor initializes an object immediately upon creation.
• It has the same name as the class in which it resides and is
syntactically similar to a method.
• Once defined, the constructor is automatically called immediately
after the object is created, before the new operator completes.
Constructors look a little strange because they have no return type, not
even void. This is because the implicit return type of a class’
constructor is the class type itself.
• It is the constructor’s job to initialize the internal state of an object so
that the code creating an instance will have a fully initialized, usable
object immediately.
Rules for creating Java constructor
• There are two rules defined for the constructor.
• Constructor name must be the same as its class name
• A Constructor must have no explicit return type
• A Java constructor cannot be abstract, static, final, and synchronized.
• A constructor in Java is a special method that is used to initialize
objects. The constructor is called when an object of a class is created.
Types of Java constructors
• There are three types of constructors in Java:
• Default constructor (no-arg constructor):A constructor is called
"Default Constructor" when it doesn't have any parameter.
• Parameterized constructor:The parameterized constructor is used to
provide different values to distinct objects. However, you can provide
the same values also.
• Copy Constructor:There is no copy constructor in Java. However, we
can copy the values from one object to another like copy constructor
in C++.
Default constructor (no-arg constructor)
Java Default Constructor
A constructor is called "Default Constructor" when it doesn't have any
parameter.
Syntax of default constructor:
<class_name>(){}
Example of default constructor
• In this example, we are creating the no-arg constructor in the
Student class. It will be invoked at the time of object creation. • Note : If there is no constructor
//Java Program to create and call a default constructor in a class, compiler automatically
class Student1{ creates a default constructor.
//creating a default constructor
Student1(){System.out.println("class is created");}
Java default constructor
//main method • Q) What is the purpose of a
public static void main(String args[]){
default constructor?
//calling a default constructor
Student1 b=new Student1(); The default constructor is used to
} } provide the default values to the
Output: object like 0, null, etc., depending
class is created
on the type.
Example of default constructor that displays
the default values
////Let us see another example of default constructor Student2 s1=new Student2();
which displays the default values Student2 s2=new Student2();
class Student2{ //displaying values of the object
int id; s1.display();
String name; s2.display();
//method to display the value of id and name } }
void display(){System.out.println(id+" "+name);} Output:
• 0 null
public static void main(String args[]){ • 0 null
//creating objects • Explanation:In the above class,you are not creating
any constructor so compiler provides you a default
constructor. Here 0 and null values are provided by
default constructor.
Java Parameterized Constructor
• A c o n s t r u c t o r w h i c h h a s a • A constructor that has parameters
specific number of parameters is is known as parameterized
called a parameterized
constructor. c o n s t r u c t o r. I f w e w a n t t o
initialize fields of the class with
• Why use the parameterized our own values, then use a
constructor? parameterized constructor.
• The parameterized constructor is
used to provide different values
to distinct objects. However, you
can provide the same values also.
Example of Parameterized constructor.
import java.io.*; class stud {
class Student { public static void main(String[] args)
// data members of the class.
{
String name;
// This would invoke the parameterized
int id;
constructor.
Student(String name, int id)
Student s = new Student("Gourav", 68);
{
this.name = name;
System.out.println("StudentName :" +
s.name + " and StudentId : " + s.id);
this.id = id;
}
}
} }
Java Program to demonstrate the use of the
parameterized constructor.
class Student3{ //creating objects and passing values
int id; Student3 s1 = new Student3(101,"Pooja");
String name; Student3 s2 = new Student3(201,"Shivam");
//creating a parameterized constructor //calling method to display the values of
Student3(int i,String n){ object
id = i; name = n; } s1.display();
//method to display the values s2.display();
void display(){System.out.println(id+" } }
"+name);} Output:
public static void main(String args[]){ 101 Pooja
201 Shivam
Java Copy Constructor
There is no copy constructor in Java. However, • Unlike other constructors copy
we can copy the values from one object to constructor is passed with another
another like copy constructor in C++. object which copies the data
available from the passed object to
the newly created object.
• There are many ways to copy the values of
one object into another in Java. They are:
• Note: In Java,there is no such inbuilt
copy constructor available like in
• By constructor other programming languages such
as C++, instead we can create our
• By assigning the values of one object into own copy constructor by passing the
another object of the same class to the other
• By clone() method of Object class instance(object) of the class.
//Java program to initialize the values from
one object to another object.
class Student6{ void display(){System.out.println(id+"
int id; String name; "+name);}
//constructor to initialize integer and string public static void main(String args[]){
Student6(int i,String n){ Student6 s1 = new
Student6(111,"Karan");
id = i;
Student6 s2 = new Student6(s1);
name = n; }
s1.display();
//constructor to initialize another object
s2.display();
Student6(Student6 s){
id = s.id; }
name =s.name; } }
Difference between Java Constructor
and Java Method
