MT MODULE- IV
MT MODULE- IV
Jigs and fixtures are designed to hold, support and locate the work
pieces to ensure that each part is machined within the specified limit
Use of jigs and fixtures provides a faster and profitable method of
manufacturing in which components can be quickly positioned with
respect to the cutting tool
ADVANTAGES OF USING JIGS
AND FIXTURES
A device in which a component is held and located for a specific
operation in such a way that it will guide one or more cutting tools to
the same zone of machining
The figure shows a simple drilling jig, in which the work piece to be
drilled is held and positioned in the drilling jig and the bush(es) guide
the drill(s) at desired location(s) in the work piece
Machining operations in which jigs commonly used are drilling and
reaming
FIXTURE
FIXTURE
A production tool that locates, hold and supports the work in a fixed
orientation with respect to the tool so that the required machining
operation can be performed
Fixtures vary in design from relatively simple tool to expensive
complicated devices
They are always attached to machine tool or table
Machine tool operations in which fixtures used are milling,
broaching, etc.
PRINCIPLES OF JIG AND
FIXTURE DESIGN
The basic reference for locating a flat plane, generally a machine table
The machine table is usually at right angles or parallel with the machine
feed movement
All locating devices are made with regard to the basic reference
plane(machine table)
If the work piece has flat side to mate with machine table becomes the
locating surface
If the work piece does not have a flat side to mate with the machine
table, the flat plane of the machine table cannot be used as locating
surface
A minimum of three points (or locator) must be used to locate the work
piece although four or more may used to provide adequate support
LOCATING FROM CIRCULAR
SURFACES
LOCATING FROM CIRCULAR
SURFACES
The basic reference for locating from circular surfaces is the flat
plane of the machine tool surface
Instead of locating the flat plane of the work piece parallel to the
reference plane, it is necessary to locate the axis of the circular work
piece
LOCATING FROM CIRCULAR
SURFACES (CONT...)
Clamping element hold the work piece firmly engaged with the
locating element during operation
The clamping system should be strong enough to withstand forces
developed during operation
The clamping force should not dent or damage the work piece
Speed of operation, operator fatigue and strategic positioning are
other important considerations for contriving a clamping system
PRINCIPLES OF CLAMPING
1. Position
2. Strength
3. Productivity
4. Operator fatigue
5. Workpiece Variation
POSITION
POSITION
Clamping force shall be directed Clamp shall be directly inline with the
towards support / locators. support
POSITION
Clamping force shall be directed Clamps shall apply force against
towards support/locators. supported area of work piece
POSITION & STRENGTH
1.Position
Clamping should be positioned to direct the clamping force on a strong,
supported part of the work piece
Clamping on unsupported part bends slender work pieces ,this affects the
accuracy of the operation
Clamping system should not obstruct the path of loading and unloading
of the work piece
2.Strength
The clamping system should be capable of holding the work piece rigidly
against the forces developed during operation
The clamping force should not damage the work piece with excessive
pressure
PRODUCTIVITY & OPERATOR
FATIGUE
3.Productivity
Clamping time should be minimised by using hand knobs, tommy
bars, knurled screws, hand wheels and handles
So that the clamps can be tightened or loosened manually without
using spanners, as a spanner further adds motions of picking,
aligning, laying it down
4. Operator Fatigue
Operator fatigue should be taken into account
If a considerable number of clamps are to be tightened and loosened
repeatedly, it is better to use pneumatic or hydraulic clamping which
,in addition to reducing operator fatigue, also saves clamping time
HAND OPERATED CLAMPING
DEVICES
PRINCIPLES OF CLAMPING
(CONT..)
PRINCIPLES OF CLAMPING
(CONT..)
5. Workpiece Variation
The clamping points should be provided with ample radius to make
the clamp operable even if there is variation in the workpiece
Heel pin pressure surface should also be made spherical to permit
some tilting of the clamp
Misalignment between the clamp surface and the clamping nut due to
tilting of the clamp can be countered by use of spherical washer
between the clamp ant the nut
STRAP OR PLATE CLAMPS
STRAP OR PLATE CLAMPS
These are made of rectangular plates and acts like levers
In its simplest form the clamp is tightened by rotating a hexagonal nut on a
clamping screw
One end of the clamp presses against the workpiece and the other on the
heel pin, loading the clamp like a simply supported beam
The clamping face of the clamp is curved and the pressure face of the heel
pin is made spherical to take care of any variation in the workpiece
The provision for spherical washers between the clamp and the hexagonal
nut provides a spherical joint which permits the clamp to tilt with respect to
the screw and the nut
The clamp operates satisfactorily, even if there is considerable variation in
the workpiece height
STRAP OR PLATE CLAMPS
(CONT..)
Strap clamps are provided with a washer and a spring below the
clamp
The spring lift the clamp as the nut is loosened
The workpiece becomes free of even the gravitational load due to
clamp weight
The spring holds the clamp in a raised position during loading and
unloading of the workpiece
SIDE CLAMP
SIDE CLAMP
In a side clamp, the bar clamps the workpiece from one side while the
other side rest against the body of the jig
An arm having a pin joint at the middle and a bolt on other end
clamps the workpiece when the bolt is tightened
In cam operated slide clamp the clamping force is produced by
rotating an eccentric cam with the help of a lever
It clamps the workpiece quickly
It pushes the V-block and the workpiece is clamped between the jig
and block
SWINGING CLAMPS
SWINGING CLAMPS